MGT 309 Speech Planning Document Adapted from Business Scenarios & UNCG Speaking Center Introduction In a way that connects to your audience, speak your purpose & how this topic connects to them. · Intro Self · Hook/First Sentence · Focus and 3 main points/preview (matches the three below) transition Body Detail the contents with stories and appropriate tone. Sub-Point 1: Sub-Point 2: Sub-Point 3: transition transition transition Closing Leave the audience with a good feeling. · Summary · Positive thought or call to action Performance improvement behavior: How to Reduce Your Public Speaking Anxiety Anxiety will interfere with your ability to be comfortable, confidence and charismatic, and often times it comes from our threat of perceive social rejection.  We are fearful that if someone knows us that they will reject us.  Furthermore, we don’t want another to think of us as stupid. This self-defeating thinking get is our way and shows up in the body.    The following is a list to help you think and reduce your anxiety so you can enjoy presenting. 1.  Re-frame the experience.  Do NOT dwell in the uncertainty, but instead focus your mind on the phrase “It’s just a conversation.”  Whether it’s a conversation of one-on-one or one-to-many, it’s still simply a conversation.  Think that way. 2.  You believe you more than anyone else in the world; therefore you must control the brain messages (thoughts) that are self-defeating.  You are not an idiot, You are in fact a beautiful wonderful person.  Be sure to tell yourself that you are worthy and competent. 3.  Be careful of the ‘imposter syndrome.’  The thoughts say tell you that you don’t have anything of value to offer – that you do not belong in this situation.  By being in the situation, you have something to offer. 4. Manage your body.  When our threat response is activated, our biology is to funnel energy to prepare us to fight or flight.  Therefore energy goes out of our brains and into our arms and legs.  This is biology.  To quiet the threat response, breathe deep and tell yourself that you are safe, that you are prepared, that you are worthy, and that the audience is for you.  Additionally, know that the threat response is often at its height at the beginning of the talk; therefore, plan an audience activity in the beginning to give yourself a moments break, or perhaps take a sip of water.  Just a little moment will help. 5.  Prepare more information that you need.  In the moment of execution, you will forget to say some information and other information.  No worries.  Nobody but you knows of your change.  Enjoy it.  Don’t be thrown-off by the change.  Go with the flow. 6.  Practice.  Practice.  Practice.  Your brain has difficulty distinguishing imagination and reality.  Use this strategy to make the uncertain certain.  It will reduce your anxiety. 7.  When you practice, spend more time on the introduction.  Polish it to perfection and you’ll feel ...

1. MGT 309
Speech Planning Document
Adapted from Business Scenarios & UNCG Speaking Center
Introduction
In a way that connects to your audience, speak your purpose &
how this topic connects to them.
· Intro Self
· Hook/First Sentence
· Focus and 3 main points/preview (matches the three below)
transition
Body
Detail the contents with stories and appropriate tone.
Sub-Point 1:
Sub-Point 2:
Sub-Point 3:
transition
transition

2. transition
Closing
Leave the audience with a good feeling.
· Summary
· Positive thought or call to action
Performance improvement behavior:
How to Reduce Your Public Speaking Anxiety
Anxiety will interfere with your ability to be comfortable,
confidence and charismatic, and often times it comes from our
threat of perceive social rejection. We are fearful that if
someone knows us that they will reject us. Furthermore, we
don’t want another to think of us as stupid. This self-defeating
thinking get is our way and shows up in the body. The
following is a list to help you think and reduce your anxiety so
you can enjoy presenting.
1. Re-frame the experience. Do NOT dwell in the uncertainty,
but instead focus your mind on the phrase “It’s just a
conversation.” Whether it’s a conversation of one-on-one or
one-to-many, it’s still simply a conversation. Think that way.
2. You believe you more than anyone else in the world;
therefore you must control the brain messages (thoughts) that

3. are self-defeating. You are not an idiot, You are in fact a
beautiful wonderful person. Be sure to tell yourself that you are
worthy and competent.
3. Be careful of the ‘imposter syndrome.’ The thoughts say tell
you that you don’t have anything of value to offer – that you do
not belong in this situation. By being in the situation, you have
something to offer.
4. Manage your body. When our threat response is activated,
our biology is to funnel energy to prepare us to fight or flight.
Therefore energy goes out of our brains and into our arms and
legs. This is biology. To quiet the threat response, breathe
deep and tell yourself that you are safe, that you are prepared,
that you are worthy, and that the audience is for you.
Additionally, know that the threat response is often at its height
at the beginning of the talk; therefore, plan an audience activity
in the beginning to give yourself a moments break, or perhaps
take a sip of water. Just a little moment will help.
5. Prepare more information that you need. In the moment of
execution, you will forget to say some information and other
information. No worries. Nobody but you knows of your
change. Enjoy it. Don’t be thrown-off by the change. Go with
the flow.
6. Practice. Practice. Practice. Your brain has difficulty
distinguishing imagination and reality. Use this strategy to
make the uncertain certain. It will reduce your anxiety.
7. When you practice, spend more time on the introduction.
Polish it to perfection and you’ll feel confident.
8. Practice with the technology. Go early to your facility, if
possible.
9. Practice on your feet. Practice saying the words out-loud –
not just in your head. Hearing your voice needs not to be a
surprise to you.
10. Practice to know how long the talk takes. You need to
know how your are progressing to you intention.
11. Before the talk, bond with the audience. Smile, say hello,
shake hands – if possible, and perhaps do a little small talk.

4. The bonding produces a brain chemical call Oxytocin which is
our bonding human energy. When you feel more connection,
you’ll feel less anxiety.
12. Move around. Give the jitters somewhere to go.
13. Be sure you have dressed comfortably – which includes
your clothing and in the cultural conventions of the event.
Wear shoes that feel good.
14. During the presentation find the audience member who is
smiling at you or one who is nodding in agreement. Talk more
towards that person to reduce your anxiety. Believe that your
audience is for you.
15. Change your emotions. Change your energy. You can do
this in the moment you decide to. Just think back to a moment,
when an uncomfortable moment was happening in your home
and a knock came upon the door. You immediately don’t want
the visitor to see your uncomfortable conversation energy, so
your immediately put on a happy face. Again, I tell you that
you can change your energy in a moment.
16. If you make a mistake during the presentation, do not draw
attention to your mistake as they only causes the audience to
remember it.
17. If you use a handout or a sample during the talk, be sure
you have a chaos strategy, as this will cause chaos in the room
regardless of whether you had it out in the beginning, the
middle or the end.
As Jeffrey Schwartz, a research psychiatrist at UCLA School of
Medicine says, “You are not your brain.”
How to Have Leadership Presence
When you walk into the room, are you recognized as the leader?
Leadership presence has two major ingredients: nonverbal
professional polish mixed with positive energy. To boost your
leadership presence, here are the 8 tips.
1. Stand up straight.
What does your posture say? Did you know that taller people

5. make more money? What is that true? Height is interpreted as
authority and authority transmutes into leadership. I can still
hear my mom and dad telling me to “Stand up straight, you’ll
look better.”
2. Walk with confidence.
What does your walk say? I love the way athletes walk – you
can see them comfortable in their own skin. Their confidence is
attractive.
Here are some walking tips:
> Look forward – not down, not up, not around.
> Moderate the size of your stride – not too large, not too small.
> Walk slightly slow – a fast rate indicates you are in a hurry.
Hurriedness indicates stress and de-powers you.
Instead you need to project calm energy.
3. Care for your image.
Clothes tell your story and make an impact. On the first day of
class, as a professor, I wear a dark business suit with a white
shirt. I send a purposeful message by wearing the socially
acceptable business uniform.
A brain tidbit: One of the jobs of the human brain is to seek
patterns and to categorize. This behavior can go into judging
and stereotyping. Therefore, be intentional about your image as
others are putting you into a category.
4. Do Extreme Self-care.
You are telling others how well you will take care of them by
the level that you take care of yourself. It’s your responsibility
to rest well, eat well and exercise your body.
5. What do you sound like?
Listen to the sound of your voice to build your credibility as
well. You don’t want a nasal sound or a high pitched squeak,
etc. Don’t talk too fast or too slow.
6. Choose positive energy.
Cesar Milan, The Dog Whisperer, is a wonderful example of a
person who controls his energy. He teaches us that it’s the
leader’s responsibility to feel calm assertive energy so that our
followers will feel the calm assertive energy. It’s a leaders

6. responsibility to build to confidence in his/her mission, in
his/her organization, and in his/her leadership.
Expansion: We are always in a feeling state: happy, sad, angry,
frustrated, stressed, silly; the list goes on and on. To understand
the power of your emotions, here’s a great exercise. Record on
paper what you are feeling at the top of every hour for one full
day. This exercise will show how fundamental emotions are to
decision-making.
7. Emotions are contagious.
We are social beings at our core. In Daniel Goldman’s book
Social Intelligence, he explains that the power of our emotions’
ability to influence others’ behavior. Can you remember getting
caught up in an emotion at work not even intellectually
supporting the notion.
8. Leaders create the organizational culture.
Your energy (positive or negative0 permeates and sets the tone
of the office. Be sure you intentionally demonstrate the emotion
that you want others living. Followers follow.
Both ingredients, nonverbal professional polish and positive
energy combine into your authenticity. Be confident and allow
your realness to be felt and followed – all the while, stay
polished and professional.
Walk confidently; and remember, you are always
communicating.
SPEAK
Speak.(2011) Verderber, Sellnow, & Verderber Cengage
Learning
Practicing Delivery

7. In this PowerPoint, you will learn the characteristics and
elements of effective delivery: use of voice and use of body.
You will also learn about the three types of speech delivery and
the settings in which each is most appropriate. Finally, you will
learn a process for rehearsing your speech that will prepare you
to deliver it in a dynamic, conversational style.
*
© 2007 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft,
Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may
be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or
other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and
represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the
date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to
changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a
commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot
guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the
date of this presentation.
MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS,
IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN
THIS PRESENTATION.
*
© 2011 Cengage Learning
There are always three speeches, for every one you actually
gave. The one you practiced, the one you gave, and the one you
wish you gave.
~ Dale Carnegie

8. Learning Outcomes:
1. What are the characteristics of effective delivery?
2. What can you do to use your voice effectively as you
deliver your speech?
3. What can you do to use your body effectively as you
deliver your speech?
4. Why and how should you rehearse your speech?
Action Step 6 - Practice Oral Language and Delivery Style
Practice until delivery is conversational, intelligible, and
expressive.Practice integrating presentational aids until you can
do so smoothly and confidently. Continue practicing until you
can deliver your speech extemporaneously within the time limit.
*
© 2007 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft,
Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may
be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or
other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and
represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the
date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to
changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a
commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot
guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the
date of this presentation.
MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS,
IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN
THIS PRESENTATION.
*
© 2011 Cengage Learning

9. how a message is communicated orally and visually through
your use of voice and body.
Delivery is how a message is communicated orally and visually
through your use of voice and body.
Your delivery style is communicated through your nonverbal
behaviors (all speech elements other than the words
themselves).
Effective delivery is both conversational and animated. A
conversational style allows each member of your audience to
feel as if you are talking with him or her rather than speaking at
the group. When your delivery is animated or lively, you create
excitement about what you are saying so it is easier for your
audience to pay attention. Your speech content is conveyed
through language. Your delivery style, however, is conveyed
through your nonverbal behaviors.
Nonverbal elements of communication include your use of voice
(e.g., pitch, volume, rate, quality, articulation, pronunciation,
and pauses) and use of body (e.g., facial expressions, eye
contact, gestures, body language, and even appearance).
*
Use a conversational style; also referred to as extemporaneous
style of deliveryBe animated
© 2011 Cengage Learning
Characteristics of an Effective Delivery Style:Use a
conversational style, meaning that you sound spontaneous
(natural) and relaxed.
Extemporaneous speaking (one of the most preferred style of

10. speaking in US business settings) is speaking with enough
practice using an outline and presenting with confidence and
competence and spontaneity. It is practicing enough times to
present as a natural speaker (reading verbatim is not considered
a presentation; its just reading) with organization but giving the
impression of speaking with spontaneity. This style of speaking
allows for flexibility in interacting with audience and
readjusting your speech accordingly. Ex. Steve Jobs is a great
example of an extemporaneous speaker. My experience has
shown that with enough practice one can be conversational and
extemporaneous when presenting, including students.
Be animated—lively, energetic and enthusiastic.
Spontaneity is the ability to sound natural as you speak—as
though you are really thinking about the ideas and getting them
across to the audience as you speak. The secret to developing a
conversational style is to learn the ideas of your speech rather
than trying to memorize every word.
You can be conversational and animated at the same time by
focusing on conveying the passion you feel about your topic
through your voice and body. I
*
Vary vocal characteristics pitch, volume, rate, quality
Speak intelligiblyarticulation, pronunciation, accent
Use vocal expressiveness
Avoid monotoneUse stresses & pauses effectively
© 2011 Cengage Learning
Effective Use of Voice:
Vary vocal characteristics:Pitch is the highness or lowness of
the sounds produced in your larynx by the size and vibration of
your vocal cords. Volume is how loudly or softly you speak.

11. Rate is the speed at which you talk.
Quality is the tone or timbre of your voice and what
distinguishes it from the voices of others.
Speak intelligibly which means to be understandable.
Appropriate volume is the key to intelligibility. The rate at
which you speak can also impact how intelligible your message
is.
Articulation (using the tongue, palate, teeth, jaw movement, and
lips to shape vocalized sounds)
Pronunciation, and problems with accent (the inflection, tone,
and speech habits typical of native speakers of a language) can
affect how intelligible your message is.
Vocal expressiveness by changing your pitch, volume, and rate,
stressing certain words; and using pauses strategically. A total
lack of vocal expressiveness produces a monotone—a voice in
which the pitch, volume, and rate remain constant, with no
word, idea, or sentence differing significantly in sound from
any other.
Important ideas can also be marked by stresses (emphasis
placed on certain words by speaking them more loudly than the
rest of the sentence) and pauses (strategically placed moments
of silence).
*
© 2007 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft,
Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may
be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or
other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and
represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the
date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to
changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a

12. commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot
guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the
date of this presentation.
MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS,
IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN
THIS PRESENTATION.
*
© 2011 Cengage Learning
Effective Use of Body:
Maintaining eye contact helps audiences concentrate on the
speech, bolsters ethos, and helps you gauge audience reaction to
your speech.
Facial expressions are the eye and mouth movements that
convey your personableness and good character (bolstering
ethos) and can help you animate your speech (bolstering
pathos).
Gestures, the movements of your hands, arms, and fingers, can
also help intelligibility and expressiveness.
Motivated movement, movement with a specific purpose such as
emphasizing an important idea, referencing a presentational aid,
or clarifying macrostructure.
Posture refers to the position or bearing with which you hold
your body. In speeches, an upright stance and squared shoulders
communicate a sense of competence and confidence, which
enhances your ethos.
Poise is a graceful and controlled use of the body that gives the
impression that you are self-assured, calm, and dignified.
Professional appearance sends important messages about a
speaker’s commitment to the topic and occasion, as well as the
speaker’s credibility (ethos). Dress a bit more formally than you

13. expect your listeners to dress, consider your topic and purpose,
and avoid “extreme” fashion statements.
*
© 2011 Cengage Learning
You can use gestures as you speak to describe or emphasize
what you are saying, refer to presentational aids, or clarify
structures. This exhibit shows some of the most common
gestures used by speakers.
#1 – the supine hand with palm upward to express good humor,
frankness & generalization
#2 – The prone hand with palm downward to show superposition
or the resting of one thing upon another.
#3 – The vertical hand with palm outward to indicate warding
off, putting from, or a disagreeable thought.
*
© 2011 Cengage Learning
You can use gestures as you speak to describe or emphasize
what you are saying, refer to presentational aids, or clarify
structures. This exhibit shows some of the most common
gestures used by speakers.
#4 – The clenched hand to reinforce anger or defiance or to
emphasize an important point.

14. #5 – The index finger to specialize or reinforce the first in a
sequence of events.
*
ImpromptuScripted speechesExtemporaneous speeches – you
will use this style for your speeches
© 2011 Cengage Learning
Speeches vary in the amount of content preparation and the
amount of practice you do ahead of time. The three most
common delivery methods are impromptu, scripted, and
extemporaneous.
Delivery Methods:Impromptu Speeches: delivered with little or
no advance notice for preparation (employment interviews &
performance reviews, remarks at business meetings, statements
to the media).In each situation, having practiced organizing
ideas quickly and conveying them both intelligibly and
expressively will bolster your ethos and help you succeed.
Scripted Speeches – delivered by reading or memorizing a
written copy. Because of the time and skill required to
effectively prepare and deliver a scripted speech, they are
usually reserved for important occasions that have important
consequences. Political speeches, keynote addresses at
conventions, commencement addresses, and CEO remarks at
annual stockholder meetings are examples of occasions when a
scripted speech might be appropriate.Extemporaneous speeches
are the easiest to give effectively. When speaking
extemporaneously, you are able to prepare your thoughts ahead
of time and to have notes to prompt you. Yet unlike scripted
speeches, extemporaneous speeches do not require as lengthy a
preparation and practice process to be effective.

15. *
Rehearsing is the process of practicing your speech aloud. You
can rehearse effectively by:Preparing speaking notesHandling
presentational aidsRehearsing & refining delivery
© 2011 Cengage Learning
All speakers should practice their speeches out loud. Rehearsal
gives you time to revise, evaluate, and mull over all aspects of
the speech. Inexperienced speakers often believe they are ready
to present the speech once they have finished their outline.
In general, try to complete the outline at least three days before
you are scheduled to present it to give yourself sufficient time
to practice, revise, evaluate, and practice your speech again.
*
© 2011 Cengage Learning
This exhibit provides a useful timetable for preparing and
practicing your speech.
*
Speaking notes are a key-word outline of your speech, including
data such as quotations and statistics as well as delivery cues.
Preparing speaking notes:provides you with prompts as you
speakhelps cement the flow of the speech in your mindmakes
you think about key ideas and phrasing
© 2011 Cengage Learning

16. To develop your notes, begin by reducing your speech outline to
an abbreviated outline of key phrases and words. Then, if there
are details you must cite exactly—such as a specific example,
quotation, or set of statistics—add these in the appropriate
places.
Making speaking notes not only provides you with prompts
when you are speaking, but it also helps in two other ways.
First, the act of compiling the speaking notes helps to cement
the flow of the speech’s ideas in your mind. Second, as you
prepare your notes, think about key ideas and phrasings. Notes
don’t include all the developmental material.
*
© 2011 Cengage Learning
The exhibit above shows a speaker’s notes for her complete
outline.
As an example, for a three- to five-minute speech, you will need
no more than three 3- by 5-inch note cards to record your
speaking notes. For longer speeches, you might need one card
for the introduction, one for each main point.
Your speaking notes should indicate exactly where you will
reveal and conceal each presentational aid. Practice sharing
each aid only when you are talking about it; conceal it when it
is no longer needed.
If possible, practice your speech in the space where you will
give your speech, so that you can ensure that everyone can see
your aids. If this isn’t possible, arrive early enough on speech
day so you can practice quickly.

17. Remember to keep your focus on the audience, not on your
presentational aid. Also, avoid passing around objects in the
audience, as this will take their focus off of you and your
message.
Handling Presentational Aids:
Guidelines for Using Presentational AidsCarefully plan when to
use the presentational aids.Consider audience needs
carefully.Share a presentational aid only when talking about
it.Display presentational aids so that everyone in the audience
can see and hear them.Talk to your audience, not to the
presentational aid.Resist the temptation to pass objects through
the audience.
*
Record the practice sessionRead through the sentence outline
once or twice to refresh your memoryMake the practice as
similar to the actual speaking situation as possibleWrite down
the time you beginBegin speakingWrite down the time you
finish
© 2011 Cengage Learning
During practice sessions, you have three goals: (1) Practice
language choices so they are appropriate, accurate, clear, and
vivid. (2) Practice your speech aloud until your voice and body
convey your ideas conversationally, intelligibly, and
expressively. (3) Practice using presentational aids.
As part of each practice, you will want to analyze how well it
went and set goals for the next practice session.
First PracticeRecord the practice session.Read through the
sentence outline once or twice to refresh your memory.Make the

18. practice as similar to the public speaking situation as
possible.Write down the time you begin.Begin speaking.Write
down the time you finish.
Analysis & Additional PracticeWatch & listen to your recorded
performance while reviewing your complete outline.Then
immediately repeat the six steps listed for the first
practice.Additional practice sessions will also likely be helpful.
Ask yourself the following questions after your first practice:
Did you leave out any key ideas? Did you talk too long on any
one point and not long enough on another? Did you clarify
each of your points? Did you adapt to your anticipated
audience? (If you had a friend or relative listen to your
practices, have him or her help with your analysis.) Were your
note cards effective? How well did you do with your
presentational aids?
*
© 2011 Cengage Learning
It takes one hour of preparation for each minute of presentation
time.
~ Wayne Burgraff
*

19. Oral Communication
“Having a conversation”
Writing that Works (2010). Oliu, Brusaw, & Alred
Chapter 14 – Giving Presentations
This presentation series is on oral communication, more
specifically, public speaking in presentation formats. The
purpose is to build your comfort and your skills in speaking in
front of others by learning to create a logical, organize, clear
and succinct messages.
Oral communication is everywhere everyday, and it’s not just
about what you say, it’s about HOW you say it too. The skills
discussed in the chapter and from additional resources can apply
as much to a 60 seconds to a 50 minute presentation.
In business, there are multiple opportunities for speaking up in
public – meetings – both formal and informal, training events,
sales presentations, company presentations, marketing or
education videos, and more. These communications can be
scripted (as done in these PowerPoints, can also be in videos),
they can be memorized, extemporaneous (which means planned
and no notes) and impromptu (in the moment speaking).
So, let’s get started.
1

20. “ It usually takes me more than three weeks to prepare a good
impromptu speech”
~Mark Twain
Every business expects its employees to be well versed of what
they are good at and who they are as individuals representing
their business. Self-awareness is key and foundational to
presenting ourselves and what/who we represent well.
Mark Twain makes a valid point that presentations require
preparation. Writing and presentations do have a lot in
common. In both cases (assuming that we have read a little bit
more from last week on writing) content must be logically
organized, clear, and succinct. More so because we will always
be judged on how well we present ourselves.
2
Nervous about presentations?
Prepare and deliver presentations
- Identify steps in the process of speech planning
- Review Listening (pg. 516)
This chapter emphasizes the need for identifying and learning
the components of oral communication as applicable to a
business environment. It is also important to understand that
the techniques we use to organize our presentations can also be
applied to presentations of any duration.

21. Preparation and organization are two main areas that, when well
developed prior to an oral presentation, can significantly
contribute to reducing levels of speaking anxiety and boost
confidence in our organizational abilities.
Effective listening is central to success of both writing and
speaking. Let’s spend some time developing skills to help us
prepare clear and concise presentations.
3
Obstacles to Success!
FEAR & Not Prepared
Successes
FEAR
Not Prepared
Breathe and relax.
Prepare more material than you need.
Believe in your success.
Calm your fight-or-flight base, located in the emotional center
of the brain.
Be comfortable in your shoes.
Rehearse & rehearse again!
(DG)
The two top public speaking obstacles - fear and
unpreparedness.

22. Fear is most prevalent. Fear in the brain causes fear in the
body. And fear in the body causes and mind to prepare for
action instead of a focus on thinking. You’ve all heard of
adrenaline – it’s the body fuel for immediate power – the fuel
that puts energy in your arms and legs. It’s power of fight or
flight. So, now you know that a little about our biological fear
system. The question is now how do you manage this nature?
Listed on the slide are strategies that help you.
As simple as it is, breathe. Slower deep breathes connect you to
you.
Prepare more than you need.
In the moment you feel ‘freaked out,’ say to yourself STOP.
Believe in yourself. Careful with that negative self-talk, it’s a
killer. Tell yourself good encouraging affirmations instead of ‘I
can’t do this. ‘ Remember you believe you more than anyone
else – be very careful how you talk to yourself.
Be comfortable in your clothes.
Practice. Practice lessens the fear of the unknown as after
practice it is known.
Second is not being prepared. We don’t want to be publicly
embarrassed. We dislike feeling vulnerable. That’s why
sometimes, we can to depend on note cards and the like – to
create more safety. As you can guess, the answer to this
problem, is to prepare your talk and practice it. What you want
is to feel more in control.
4
What you Say – Verbal
Obstacles
Successes
“Why we are talking about this?”
“Is there a point? Where are we going?”
Lacking stories
Wrong balance of self-disclosure
Believing Powerpoint is the talk instead of you

23. Audience-centered language
Strong clear engaging introduction
Body points with interesting evidence/support/stories
I have a dream. I have a dream. I have a dream.
A positive wrap up
(DG)
“Why are we talking about this?” Ever had that question in
your mind during a talk. That means the speaker did not give a
good introduction – since your don’t understand purpose.
“Is there a point? Where are we going?” Same thing – an
introduction needs to be clear on what will be covered.
Good speeches include stories that illustrate the point. Tell
stories.
Remember the speech is you, PowerPoints are the visual AID.
In public speaking, it’s good to replicate as people’s attention
waxes and wanes. Help them ‘get’ the information by
repetition.
5
Transitions are speaking like punctuation is to writing.
To show comparisonsTo illustrate cause & effectTo contrast
ideasTo summarizeTo illustrate sequence Similarlyas a resulton
the other handin conclusionfirst, second, thirdin the same
waythereforeand yetIn summaryfollowing this likewisehenceat
the same timefinallylaterin comparisonbecausein sprite oflet me
conclude by sayingearlierjust asthushoweveraltogetherat

24. presentconsequentlyas we have seenin the pastuntil now
Success in a message is flow, and the key to flow is order and
transitioning. Identifiers to move from topic is critical in
delivering an effective message. You need to help the
audience follow you like punctuation on the page. One way to
think of transitions is ‘stating the obvious.’ You need to tell
the audience what you often think does not need to be said.
Some examples are
“Now that we’ve …let’s…”
“I will focus on three…”v
“Not only was…”it was also…”
6
How you say it (body)
Obstacles
Successes
Poor posture
Fidgeting
Standing in one place or pacing
Talking to the floor or the ceiling (wrong eye contact)
Wrong clothes for the event & audience
Not smiling
Incongruence facial movements to content
Back to audience
Negative energy
Regulate your energy.
Dress appropriately.

25. Smile
Move, be comfortable
(DG)
Poor body control gets in the way of a good speech and
excellence in body control boosts your performance. Watch TV
professionals and notice how smart they with their body
movements. Most movements are slow and deliberate.
Be careful of your posture. You are telling the audience your
confidence level.
Be careful of moving your fidgeting with your fingers or hands
or feet or legs, etc.
Make decisions about where you stand and when and how you
move. For me, I find that moving is more comfortable than
standing in one place, but remember, when you move, you need
to stop and stay there to let your audience catch up to you. Too
much moving and you’ll annoy them. Importantly, when you
start a talk, be sure to command the room by standing in the
center (with confident posture.)
Smile. The audience likes a friendly face. However, be sure
your facial expressions fit your content.
As a rule, don’t turn you back to the audience. If you must, re-
engage by walking to the center of the room standing as close to
them as possible.
Check your mood at the door. What I mean by this is, maybe
you just got some bad news, right before your talk and you are
feeling extra stressed. Don’t take this in the event. It’s not fair
to your audience and will interfere with your performance.
Leave it outside of the experience. You can, I promise, control
your energy to that degree. Just give it a try.
7

26. How you say it (voice)
Obstacles
Successes
Poor articulation
Too fast, too slow
Too soft, too loud
Too high, too low
Raising your voice at the end of a sentence.
Disfluences
Causing attention on your mistakes
Good rate, volume, pitch, depth
Enthusiasm
The sound quality of your voice is also impactful to an event.
Here are some tips.
Practice your speech to hear yourself say the words. And,
importantly, you can hear what words you don’t say well.
Practice them till you do say them well or drop them from the
talk.
Also, talk slower upfront. People talk faster when they are
nervous as they are working to complete the experience as fast
as possible. Slow down. Your audience needs more time to
process the information – there is more physical space between
you.
Talk loud enough for your audience to hear you but not too loud
or they will feel like you are shouting at them. Balance the
sound with passion and enthusiasm.

27. Careful of your disfluences. Work to eliminate them, but don’t
stress about them – that adds to them. Disfluences are saying
um, etc. You do think when you are buying time in choosing
your words.
If you make a mistake, don’t bring attention to it in your mind
or for the audience. If you speak it your just caused the
audience to look directly at it. If you can, depending on the
infraction, simply don’t mention it, just keep going.
And, finally, ladies, Don’t raise you voice at the end of your
sentences, like ‘valley girls.’ That voice behavior does not buy
you respect in business.
Next slide.
8
Pay Attention to your audience.
Obstacle
Success
Ignoring the audience, and just delivering your message.
Feel the energy back.
Notice the individuals.
Notice the collective energy.
In your talk, you need to pay attention to your audience, so you
can modify the moment. If the majority are not paying
attention, then it’s time to add a story. If they are talking,
maybe you need to use your body or perhaps silence to quiet
them down.
Notice the energy they are giving you. Remember, this talking

28. experience is simply a conversation. The audience is talking to
you – verally and nonverbally.
Notice, too the individual energy, you may need to take action
to control the room.
9
Strategies for successful presentation!
Prepare => practice => present
The next set of slides is to review the decisions that you need to
make to create an effective public speaking event.
10
Success of a presentation!
Determine our purpose
Analyze our audience
Gather supporting information to strengthen our claims,
proposal, point of view, etc.
Logically organize our message (flow of information)
Important to have a clear understanding of your purpose – the
steps we take to develop a speech parallels with the steps we
follow to write a document!
11
Determine purpose!
“If you do not know where you are going, you are likely to wind
up somewhere else”

29. To inform?
To persuade?
To entertain?
To demonstrate?
Ceremonial speech?
Your purpose many times may include more than one category –
must get a better understanding of your assignment or project or
proposal.
12
purpose
What is your purpose or goal?
What is the result you want?
Have a goal.
One sentence – what do I exactly want to do?
What do I want my audience to know? Do?
Context and culture affect our purpose and how our react to it.
Why are you doing what you are doing? To help us focus,
research, organize, prepare, and deliver!
Have a goal! A clear goal makes it easier to develop an
effective speech.
13

30. Patti Wood, an international speaker, author, and trainer based
in Atlanta, is known for her expertise in body language and
presentation skills. She makes over 100 presentations each year.
In the article on Presentation Pitfall by Tonya Layman (June
2011), Patti states, “you have to have a clear purpose that
outlines what the audience is going to take away from your
presentation. When you start you want to say, ‘Today I am
going to talk about’ and then explain what the subject matter
will be so that audience can expect to learn something. Then
they will say to themselves ‘I am going to have to be active to
receive this information.’ Use the word “you” often. Get rid of
“I” and “me.” Use phrases like ‘Here is something else for
you.”
Patti believes “connecting with your audience” is key to an
excellent presentation. “That is what distinguishes an OK
presentation from a phenomenal one. Afterward, people will
talk about it as an experience rather than as a speech.”
Source: Presntation Pitfall by Tonya Layman (June 3, 2011)
Retrieved from: http://www.bizjournals.com/atlanta/print-
edition/2011/06/03/presentation-pitfall.html?page=all
http://www.bizjournals.com/atlanta/print-
edition/2011/06/03/presentation-pitfall.html?page=all –
Presentation Pitfall (Click on the link above in Slide View
mode)
14
Analyze your Audience to tailor Content!

31. Who are the key members? Employers? Management?
Knowledge? Beliefs? Attitudes?
What are their personal preferences?
Which demographic characteristics are significant?
Age, sexual breakdown, occupations, racial and ethnic groups?
What is the size of the group?
Knowledge base of your topic?
What questions might you be asked?
*Remember – keeping your message audience – centered?
Be audience-centered. By now, you are familiar with this
concept. Take time to learn to apply the communication
principle.
15
Consider the Environment / context
Location & room layout (lectern)
How will your voice carry in the room?
Technology & visuals aids & lighting
Time limits
Notes
(DG
The physical environment impacts the speaking event. The size
of the room, the available technology, lighting, etc. Do your
best to have advance knowledge of the event in order to create a
positive easy experience.

32. One particular example comes to my mind. I once had to do a
presentation for an undergraduate class. I had planned for some
in class activities which required students to move around and
take some notes from a PowerPoint work. However, when we
showed up to class, the aircon was not working, the room was
warm, and the projector was not working. I decided to take the
class outside and do an alternative in class activity outside in
the lawn, that took the same amount of time had I had the
activity in class.
You cannot control everything the way you want but you can
learn to manage your environment the best you can. You can
improvise your ability to present your content and message with
practice.
16
Gather / determine supporting materials
Narrow your topic – form your key (3-5 main ideas)
Decide on the supporting materials
Then Gather them
books, magazines, quotations, analogies (direct and implied
comparisons), stories / illustrations, explanations, expert
opinions, comparisons to show similarities or differences
between two items.
(DG
Narrowing your topic is very important to focus your writing
and speaking.
17
Give a structure to your speech
Construct an INTRODUCTION
Organize your BODY – key ideas with transitions

33. Offer CONCLUSION
Stephen Covey once said, “Begin with the end in mind.”
Review your three/five main ideas, and offer final
summary/remarks.
(DG
Introduction – tell them what to expect (hook)
10-15% of the total speaking time
A personal experience or a Story
Humor (Be careful!)
Question
Sample (Be careful!)
Startling statistic (cite your source)
Quote
Refer to audience : “We’re here today to…”
Refer to the occasion: “I know your all worried about the
rumors of cutbacks in staff. I called this meeting to…”
A Rhetorical question
(DG
The introduction is the most important. You loose them up
front – they are lost the entire talk. I spend about 45% of my
practice on an introduction.
Use Speech Planning Document to help construct your speech.
It’s a template where you can fill in the blank. It’s helps you
with organization and transitioning.
Your opening is to get their attention. You task is to choose a

34. introduction that brings them present – brings them to the
moment.
You can use a story, a question, a statistic, and quote perhaps.
It doesn’t need to be dramatic, it just is to bring the audience to
you.
Be careful if you choose humor, as not everyone thinks the same
thing is funny, and be careful with sample as the audience’s
attention will be drawn to the sample and away from you – the
speaker.
Above all, be relevant. Make sure your opening is 100% to
your point. Off point is confusing to the audience.
19
Body – tell them what you planned to say – “Content”
Relate to audience needs
Tell a story
Anticipate their questions
Use clear, vivid language
Ask questions/ Ask for opinions
Ask for opinions
Pause – use silence
Give them something to do
No more than 5 points.
Each point is one idea.
Stay on topic – each to support the thesis.
(DG
You are used to in your academic career focusing on content,
but guess what, it’s the least remembered. Work to make your

35. topics interesting. Add stories. Give them something to do, if
you can. Be sure to limit the number of main points – the
recommended number is up to 5 points. And, remember to
transition between points. Transitioning is speaking is like
punctuation in writing.
20
Conclusion – Be memorable
5-10% of the speaking time
Restate your main points
Describe the next steps
Ending on a strong and positive note
Connect back to your introduction
End with a challenge, end with a quote, question, startling
statement, refer of audience, refer to occasion, or humor.
End with a ‘call to action’
The conclusion is to be short – maybe a recap or a call to
action, etc. Leave the audience remembering you on a positive
note.
21
Visuals? How to Boost the Message.
Use multiple mediums:
Charts, pictures, tables, Powerpoint, handouts, etc.
Powerpoint(s)
BBB – Big, Bold, Brief (unlike most academic deliveries)
Pay attention to your color choices

36. Thirty percent of our brain is dedicated to vision. Use this
information on our biology to impact how you deliver
information. Use lots of visual strategies. Use charts, graphs,
demonstrations, etc. Liven up your talk. Make it real.
Powerpoints are still a popular avenue of visual aids to a
presentation. Be sure to take a look at the master of
powerpoints and presenting, Steve Jobs. Notice how simple and
visual his works are. (The powerpoints in academic convey
considerably more content.) business powerpoints have more
persuasion than academic powerpoints.
22
Benefits of visual aids
Improves listener memory
Speeds comprehension
Adds to speaker credibility
Copyright Cengage © 2011
23
Percentage of
Audience Recall
The old saying “A picture is worth a thousand words” is often
true.
A single graphic visual could sometime help an audience

37. understand complex, technical information more quickly than
either a long verbal explanation or a table loaded with statistics
and numbers.
A study conducted by the University of Minnesota and the 3M
Corporation also found that an “average” presenter who uses
visuals can be as effective as an “expert” presenter who uses no
visuals. Use of visual aids can help a low-credibility speaker
overcome an audience’s initial doubts about them and elicit
same level of audience retention as high-credibility speakers
(Seiler, 1971) [Seiler, W.J. (1971, Winter). The conjunctive
influence of source credibility and the use of visual materials on
communication effectiveness. Southern Speech Communication
Journal, 37, 174-185.
A right-brain/left-brain theory indicates why visuals speed
listener comprehension. While left hemisphere seems to
specialize in step-by-step, analytic processing of information,
and pays close attention to details, the right hemisphere seems
to specialize in simultaneous processing of information as a
whole and pays little attention to details [Bryden, M.P., & Ley,
R.G. (1983). Right hemisphere involvement in imagery and
affect. In E.Perecman (Ed.,), Cognitive processing in the right
hemisphere (pp.116-117). New York: Academic Press.
23
Videos
Be careful of the background
Be careful of your eye location
Make it brief and simple and short
Be careful of your personal brand
Relax and enjoy it.
Prepare notes but don’t simply read them

38. http://www.entrepreneur.com/article/219524
Video are everywhere now. It’s time to get good at using this
medium. This course itself is an example of how our deliver
educational materials through video.
Here are a few tips.
Control the background. Make sure it fits your content and is
not distracting
Script your message in order to make it brief and on point.
Relax.
24
Handouts? Have a Chaos Plan
Too early and attention goes to the document and not you.
In the middle creates distraction and chaos.
Too late and the point is missed.
Handout cause chaos. Create a strategy for handling the chaos.
In the beginning, they read it instead of listening to you. In the
middle of your talk, the distraction destroys attention on the
content and can cause people to miss information. Handouts
handed out after the talk is over are discounted – as they
information has already been conveyed.

39. So, make your handout decision and make your chaos strategy
to control the experience.
25
How do I handle questions?
Use body language to show you’re listening.
Repeat the question for all to hear.
Keep answers short and to the point.
State ground rules to maintain control.
Respond unemotionally.
Clarify any confusion.
Handling questions is impactful as well. State the ground rules
like ‘we have time for 3 questions.’ This helps you control the
room. Use your body to show your listening. Lean forward
when someone is talking and walk towards them, if you can.
Repeat the question for all to hear.
Be shorter rather than longer in your responses, as people are
tired and most often ready to leave.
And, if you get publicly challenged, you’ll need to maintain
control of the room and control of your emotions. If you
choose, you can say to that person that you’ll be happy to have
a longer conversation with them after the close of the talk.
Then ask for another question.
26
How much do I Practice?
Rehearse 3 to 6 times

40. On your feet (maybe in front of friends)
Expect your talk to run longer/shorter
Spend extra time on the introduction. Your anxiety is highest at
the start.
In the real setting
Practice in small bits, then put the whole speech together.
Pay the most attention to the introduction & conclusion
Start as a natural with less reference to notes!
Business Communication texts tell you to practice 3 to 6 times.
I say, practice, till you are comfortable – how ever many times
it takes. We don’t get good at a task by reading about it, we get
good at a task by doing it.
If you can practice in the setting so you can hear your voice in
the room. It also helps you feel comfortable as now you have
experienced it – the experience is not new. That eases your
nerves.
So…practice lots.
27
Chart1Verbal and VisualVerbal and VisualVisualVisualVerbal
OnlyVerbal Only
After 3 Hours
After 3 Days
0.65
0.85
0.72
0.2
0.7
0.1
Sheet1After 3 HoursAfter 3 DaysVerbal and
Visual65%85%Visual72%20%Verbal Only70%10%