Mga Gunita ng HimagsikanMga Gunita ng HimagsikanMga Gunita ng HimagsikanMga Gunita ng HimagsikanMga Gunita ng HimagsikanMga Gunita ng Himagsikan

1. “Mga Gunita ng
Himagsikan”

2. Historical background
• Written by Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo
• The first volume of this memoirs
was produced between 1928 and
1946
• It includes the accounts from his birth and
early years until the signing of the Biak-na-
Bato Treaty in 1897.

3. • This was based on Aguinaldo’s diary,
documents from himself and his relatives.
• End of 1963, decided to publish this
memoirs and translated in Tagalog by Dr.
Luz C. Bucu of University of the East in
1967.
• Ambeth Ocampo pressumed that the second
volume of this memoirs (2nd phase of
Philippine Revolution against Spain until
Philippine-American War).

4. The following contents of “Mga Gunita ng
Himagsikan” were from the sixth chapter of
Nick Joquin’s “A Question of Heroes.”

5. • Aguinaldo had a rich family (Carlos
Aguinaldo and Trinidad Famy)
• Aguinaldo studied at Colegio de San Juan de
Letran but stopped because of father’s death
• Aguinaldo became Cabeza de Barangay of
Binakayan (1895) because of Maura Law
• Aguinaldo became the
first Capitan Municipal
of Cavite Viejo (Kawit)

6. • Did not attend the August 24 Balintawak
meeting of Katipunan, instead he was
represented by his brother Crispulo (in this
meeting Bonifacio announced that the
revolution will be started on August 29)
• The August 29 plot did not happen because
Bonifacio in Manila was attacked by
Spaniards from Caloocan
• Aguinaldo started the revolt in Cavite on
August 31 (together with Bacoor, Imus, and
other Cavite Capitan Municipals)

7. • Did not attend the August 24 Balintawak
meeting of Katipunan, instead he was
represented by his brother Crispulo (in this
meeting Bonifacio announced that the
revolution will be started on August 29)
• The August 29 plot did not happen because
Bonifacio in Manila was attacked by
Spaniards from Caloocan
• Aguinaldo started the revolt in Cavite on
August 31 (together with Bacoor, Imus, and
other Cavite Capitan Municipals)

8. • Aguinaldo became successful in different
battles in Cavite that caused some issues in
Katipunan
• The Katipunan in Cavite split into two:
“Magdalo” (Pro-Aguinaldo) and
“Magdiwang” (Pro-Bonifacio)
• Bonifacio wanted to solve the rivalry in a
December 1896 meeting in Imus (resulted
into a decision to dissolve the Katipunan
and to have a formal election for the new
revolutionary government)

9. • Aguinaldo became the president of
Philippine Revolutionary Government in
March 22, 1897 through Tejeros
Convention
• Bonifacio did not accept the results of the
election, then, he wrote the “Acta de Tejeros”
(March 23, 1897) and held the “Naic
Military Agreement” (April 19, 1897)

10. • Aguinaldo ordered the arrest and trial of
Bonifacio (and his brother Procopio)
• Further, Aguinaldo decided to sentence the
brothers into death penalty on May 10,
1897

11. • Aguinaldo agreed to be in a peace pact in
Biak-Na-Bato, San Miguel, Bulacan with the
Spaniards that led his exile to Hong Kong in
1897

12. “
Acta de la Proclamacion
de la Independencia del
Pueblo Filipino”

14. • Written by Ambrosio Rianzares
Bautista
• Its intention was to encourage
the Filipinos to fight against
the Spaniards
• It was read during the declaration of
Philippine Independence on June 12, 1898
at Kawit Cavite

15. • It’s declaration was accompanied by playing
of the Philippine national anthem composed
by Julian Felipe through the band, “San
Francisco de Malabon”
• The declaration was
signed by 97 Filipinos
and an American
official, Col. M.L. Johnson
• The text of declaration reminisced the start
of 1896 Revolution in Caloocan and the
eight provinces who joined the Katipunan

16. • It’s declaration was accompanied by playing
of the Philippine national anthem composed
by Julian Felipe through the band, “San
Francisco de Malabon”
• The declaration was
signed by 97 Filipinos
and an American
official, Col. M.L. Johnson
• The text of declaration reminisced the start
of 1896 Revolution in Caloocan and the
eight provinces who joined the Katipunan

17. “Sa huli, napagkasunduan ng lahat na ang Bayang
ito, na malaya na mula sa araw na ito, ay dapat
gamitin ang watawat na dati nang ginagamit nito,
na may disenyo at kulay na inilalarawan sa
inilakip na guhit: Ang tatlong panig na makikita
rito ay tiyak na sumasagisag sa puting tatsulok na
simbolong nagbibigay-pagkakakilanlan sa bantog
na kapisanang “Katipunan,” na sa pamamagitan
ng sanduguan ay nagpasiklab sa pag-aalsa ng
masa; ang tatlong bituin na kumakatawan sa
tatlong pangunahing isla ng Arkipelago – Luzon,
Mindanao, at Panay kung saan nagsimula ang
mapanghimagsik na kapatiran;

18. ang araw na representasyon ng mga dambuhalang
hakbang na isinagawa ng mga anak ng bayan sa
landas ng kaunlaran at kabihasnan; ang walong
sinag na sumisimbolo sa walong probinsiya–Manila,
Cavite, Bulacan, Pampanga, Nueva Ecija, Bataan,
Laguna, at Batangas–na nagdeklara ng digmaan,
nang unang masindihan ang mitsa ng himagsikan;
at ang mga kulay na bughaw, pula, at puti, na lahat
ay nagsisilbing paggunita sa watawat ng Estados
Unidos sa Hilagang Amerika, bilang pagpapakita ng
malalim na pasasalamat sa Dakilang Bansa na
nagkaloob at nagkakaloob ng walang pag-iimbot na
pagtatanggol. At sa ganang ito, inihaharap ngayon
itong watawat sa mga Ginoong nagtitipon.”

19. ang araw na representasyon ng mga dambuhalang
hakbang na isinagawa ng mga anak ng bayan sa
landas ng kaunlaran at kabihasnan; ang walong
sinag na sumisimbolo sa walong probinsiya–Manila,
Cavite, Bulacan, Pampanga, Nueva Ecija, Bataan,
Laguna, at Batangas–na nagdeklara ng digmaan,
nang unang masindihan ang mitsa ng himagsikan;
at ang mga kulay na bughaw, pula, at puti, na lahat
ay nagsisilbing paggunita sa watawat ng Estados
Unidos sa Hilagang Amerika, bilang pagpapakita ng
malalim na pasasalamat sa Dakilang Bansa na
nagkaloob at nagkakaloob ng walang pag-iimbot na
pagtatanggol. At sa ganang ito, inihaharap ngayon
itong watawat sa mga Ginoong nagtitipon.”

20. “Ypinanaog ang Bandera nacional dito sa
bahay ng nasirang Dn. Maximo Ynocencio,
patungo sa bayan ng Cauit, o C. Viejo, p.a.
proclamahin ang aspiracion ng Yndep.a nitong
Sangkapuluang Katagalugan o Filipinas, oras
ng a las cuatro at dalauang minuto ng hapon.
Cavite a 12 Junio 1898.”
• The document lost during the pilferage of
historical documents in 1990s but finally
returned to National Library in 1994
through historian Milagros Guerrero.

21. “Ypinanaog ang Bandera nacional dito sa
bahay ng nasirang Dn. Maximo Ynocencio,
patungo sa bayan ng Cauit, o C. Viejo, p.a.
proclamahin ang aspiracion ng Yndep.a nitong
Sangkapuluang Katagalugan o Filipinas, oras
ng a las cuatro at dalauang minuto ng hapon.
Cavite a 12 Junio 1898.”
• The document lost during the pilferage of
historical documents in 1990s but finally
returned to National Library in 1994
through historian Milagros Guerrero.

22. Cuenca Mansion
August 1, 1898
(Bacoor Assembly)

23. “Philippine Cartoons:
Political Caricature of the
American Era”

25. Historical background
• Written by Alfred McCoy and
Alfredo Roces
• American period in the
Philippines provided leeway
in the publication of independent
newspapers but in strict manner.
• The censorship loosened when
civil government was established in 1901.

26. • Many Filipino artists made us of cartoons as
political commentaries to expose the ills of
the American colonial government.
• McCoy provided an analysis of the issues
during American period through cartoons
and Roces compiled these cartoons on a
book.

27. Newspapers that included political cartoons:
• “The Philippine Free Press” (featured
investigative articles regarding country’s
development)
• “The Independent” (forum for the discussion
of political issues in the country weekly)
• “Bag-Ong Kusog” (highlighted the conditions
in Cebu prior to WW2 and differences of
Spanish and American colonization)

28. Newspapers that included political cartoons:
• “The Philippine Free Press” (featured
investigative articles regarding country’s
development)
• “The Independent” (forum for the discussion
of political issues in the country weekly)
• “Bag-Ong Kusog” (highlighted the conditions
in Cebu prior to WW2 and differences of
Spanish and American colonization)

29. • “Lipag-Kalabaw” (Tagalog and Spanish
newspaper with satiric cartoons)
• “El Renacimiento” (campaigned for the right
of free press)
• “La Vanguardia” (survived until WW2 and
one of Manila’s leading newspapers)

31. Assignment: Search for the
meaning of the
Following words:
+Mariano Trias +Battle of Manila
+Despujol +Legaspi
+Tirad Pass
+Julian Felipe
+Fernando De Rivera
+Kalayaan Newspaper

32. End