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1. HURRICANES

2. CONTENTS
What is a Hurricane?
What are the parts of the Hurricanes?
Categories of the Hurricanes
What makes Hurricanes form?
How are Hurricanes Named
Seasons of the Hurricanes
How Hurricanes are studies
10 most worst Hurricanes in the history
Damages and effects of Hurricanes
Hurricanes Safety Tips

3. WHAT IS A HURRICANE?
A hurricane is a type of storm called a tropical cyclone, which forms over tropical or
subtropical waters.
A tropical cyclone is a rotating low-pressure weather system that has organized
thunderstorms but no fronts (a boundary separating two air masses of different
densities).
Tropical cyclones with maximum sustained surface winds of less than 39 miles per
hour (mph) are called tropical depressions
A tropical depression becomes a tropical storm if its winds reach 63 km/hr (39 mph).
A tropical storm becomes a hurricane if its winds reach 119 km/hr (74 mph).

4. WHAT ARE THE PARTS OF A
HURRICANE?
Eye: The eye is the "hole" at the center of the storm. Winds are light in this area.
Skies are partly cloudy, and sometimes even clear.
Eye wall: The eye wall is a ring of thunderstorms. These storms swirl around the
eye. The wall is where winds are strongest and rain is heaviest.
Rain bands: Bands of clouds and rain go far out from a hurricane's eye wall. These
bands stretch for hundreds of miles. They contain thunderstorms and sometimes
tornadoes.

5. WHAT ARE THE PARTS OF A
HURRICANE?

6. CATEGORIES OF HURRICANES
Hurricanes are categorized on the basis of the intensity is measure using the Saffir-
Simpson hurricane scale.
It is names after Herbert Saffir, a consulting engineer in Coral Gables Florida &
Robert Simpson, director of the National Hurricane Center.
Mr. Saffir developed the first version of the scale in 1971 , which uses wind speeds
as a guide to the damage.
The scale is devised on the basis of the Hurricane Camille that hit the Mississippi
Coast on August 17,1969.
Saffir-Simpson scales hurricanes are rated by their potential for damage on a scale
one to five.

7. CATEGORIES OF HURRICANES
Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale
Category
Winds
(MPH)
Damage
Storm
Surge
(feet)
1 74 – 95
Minimal: Damage to unanchored mobile homes, vegetation & signs.
Coastal road flooding ,Some shallow flooding of susceptible homes.
4 - 5
2
96 –
110
Moderate: Significant damage to mobile homes & trees. Significant
flooding of roads near the coast & bay.
6 - 8
3
111 –
130
Extensive: Structural damage to small buildings. Large trees down.
Mobile homes largely destroyed. Widespread flooding near the coast
& bay.
9 - 12
4
131 –
155
Extreme: Most trees blown down.Structural damage to many
building.Roof failure on small structures.Flooding extends far
inland.Major damage to strucutres near shore.
13 - 18
5 > 155
Catastrophic: All trees blown down.Some complete building
failures.Widespread roof failures.Flood damage to lower floors less
than 15 feet above sea level.
> 18

8. CATEGORIES OF HURRICANES

9. WHAT MAKES HURRICANES FORM?
There are two main ingredients that are needed for the formation of hurricanes.
1. One ingredient is warm water. Warm ocean waters provide the energy a storm
needs to become a hurricane. Usually, the surface water temperature must be 26
degrees Celsius (79 degrees Fahrenheit) or higher for a hurricane to form.
2. The other ingredient is winds that don't change much in speed or direction as
they go up in the sky. Winds that change a lot with height can rip storms apart.

10. POINTS TO REMEMBER
Hurricanes can be called as cyclones or
typhoons.
Scientists just call these storms different
things depending on where they occur.
1
In the Atlantic and northern Pacific, the storms
are called "hurricanes," after the Caribbean god
of evil, named Hurricanes
2
In the northwestern Pacific, the same powerful
storms are called "typhoons." In the
southeastern Indian Ocean and southwestern
Pacific, they are called "severe tropical
cyclones."
3
In the northern Indian Ocean, they're called
"severe cyclonic storms." In the southwestern
Indian Ocean, they're just "tropical cyclones."
4

11. HOW ARE HURRICANES NAMED?
There can be more than one hurricane at a time. This is one reason
hurricanes are named. Names make it easier to keep track of and talk
about storms.
A storm is given a name if it becomes a tropical storm. That name
stays with the storm if it goes on to become a hurricane.
Each year, tropical storms are named in alphabetical order. The
names come from a list of names for that year.
There are six lists of names. Lists are reused every six years.

12. HOW ARE HURRICANES NAMED?
Atlantic Names

13. HOW ARE HURRICANES NAMED?
East North Pacific Names

14. HOW ARE HURRICANES NAMED?
Central North Pacific Names

15. HOW ARE HURRICANES NAMED?
Northern Indian Ocean Names

16. SEASONS OF THE HURRICANES
The Atlantic hurricane season runs from June 1 through November 30
In the northeastern Pacific, the official season runs from May 15 to
November 30.
In the northwestern Pacific, typhoons are most common from late
June through December.
The northern Indian Ocean sees cyclones from April to December.

17. HOW HURRICANES ARE STUDIED
Satellite that takes pictures of hurricanes from space
Some satellite instruments measure cloud and ocean temperatures.
Others measure the height of clouds and how fast rain is falling. Still
others measure the speed and direction of winds.
An Airplane which flies into and above hurricanes. The instruments
onboard gather details about the storm. Some parts of a hurricane
are too dangerous for people to fly into. To study these parts, NASA
uses airplanes that operate without people.

18. 10 MOST WORST
HURRICANES IN THE
HISTORY

19. 10. HUGO
• Hurricane Hugo was one of the most
fearsome storms to hit the Carolinas,
causing 50 deaths and about $8 billion in
damage in the U.S. and Caribbean.
• The massive storm was classified as a
Category 3 hurricane as it approached
Charleston from Puerto Rico in late
September 1989, but intensified to a
Category 4 storm before making landfall
at Sullivan's Island, S.C.
• With winds clocking in at 135 mph (217
kph), Hugo was the strongest storm to hit
the east coast north of Florida since
Hurricane Hazel in 1954. The storm also
moved quickly -- at nearly a 30 mph (48
kph) clip -- causing significant damage in
inland areas after passing north of
Charleston
10 Most worst Hurricanes in the History
Figure showing Two yachts caught during
Hurricane Hugo

20. 09. HARVEY IRMA
• In late August 2017, Hurricane Harvey
arrived in the United States as a Category 4
storm.
• the arrival of Harvey coincided with its peak
intensity: winds of 130 mph (215 kph).
• Flooding in Houston was severe, as Harvey
remained over the area for days, dumping up
to 50 inches (127 centimeters) of water in
certain locations.
• More than 13,000 people required rescuing
throughout Texas, and an overall 30,000
people from that state were displaced by
floodwaters.
• The impact could range from $70-108
billion, making it most likely the second-
most expensive storm in U.S. history
• As of Sept. 4, 2017, Harvey had claimed at
least 65 lives in the United States
10 Most worst Hurricanes in the History
Figure showing Residential neighborhoods near
Interstate 10 in Houston, Texas, sit in floodwater
on Aug. 29 2017, in the wake of Hurricane Harvey.

21. 08. SANDY
• After barreling through Jamaica, Cuba and
Haiti, the huge, slow-moving storm
weakened to a post-tropical cyclone
before making U.S. landfall in October
2012.
• Storm surges of more than 13 feet (4
meters) left parts of lower Manhattan
under water and residents across the
borough without power for days.
• Sandy destroyed or damaged about
650,000 homes in the Northeast region
and killed 117 people in the U.S. alone, as
well as 69 others in Canada and the
Caribbean.
• At an approximate impact of $65 billion,
Hurricane Sandy was the third-most
costly hurricane in U.S. history
10 Most worst Hurricanes in the History
Figure Showing A destroyed home in Union Beach,
N.J. following the ravaging by Hurricane Sandy.

22. 07. CAMILLE
• Camille, a nasty storm that brought heavy
flooding and 200-mph (320-kph) winds
to the Gulf Coast and later Virginia, was
one of only three Category 5 hurricanes to
hit the Continental U.S. since 1900.
• In 1969 Camille played an important role
in hurricane tracking in that it spawned
the creation of the Saffir-Simpson
Hurricane Wind Scale, which ranks storms
from categories 1 to 5 based on wind
speed.
• The storm resulted in 256 deaths and
more than $1.4 billion in damage
10 Most worst Hurricanes in the History
Figure Showing Charlie and Josey Watson salvage
what was left of their home after Hurricane
Camille ripped through

23. 06. GILBERT
• With a 500 nautical mile (926 kilometer)
diameter, Gilbert was one of the largest
hurricanes ever observed in the Atlantic
basin.
• After becoming a Category 5 storm in
September 1988, Gilbert literally covered the
entire island of Jamaica, damaging roughly
80 percent of the island's homes.
• The hurricane then moved on to the Cayman
Islands and Mexico, among other areas,
before weakening and crossing into Texas,
manifesting itself in a series of tornadoes.
• The storm caused 318 deaths, including 200
people killed in flooding in Mexico and 28
who died when a Cuban freight ship was
thrown into a shrimp boat. Gilbert-related
damage topped out at about $5.5 billion
10 Most worst Hurricanes in the History
Figure showing Hurricane Gilbert blows some
treetops on the island of Jamaica, which was
completely covered by the storm.

24. 05. FLORIDA KEYS
LABOR DAY
HURRICANE
• This Category 5 storm, considered the
strongest to hit the U.S. in the 20th
century, brought 200-mph (320-kph)
winds and soaking rain to the upper and
middle Florida Keys and killed
approximately 400 people.
• This storm is simply known as the "Labor
Day Hurricane" because the practice of
naming hurricanes didn't begin until
1953.
• Damage in the United States was
estimated at $6 million
10 Most worst Hurricanes in the History
Figure showing Rescue workers search the
devastated grounds of the Florida Keys for more
victims of the Labor Day Hurricane of 1935

25. 04. KATRINA
• On August 2017 Category 3 hurricane
reached the New Orleans, water topped over
its systems of levees causing them to break
and the streets to flood. Eventually, 80
percent of the city was underwater.
• Hurricane Katrina claimed 1,833 lives and at
$108 billion is considered the costliest
hurricane in U.S. history, though 2017's
Hurricane Harvey could surpass that amount
once the damage is tallied.
• Katrina also displaced 400,000 people to
areas like Houston and Atlanta
• NOTE: Hurricane Katrina is often referred to
as a man-made, rather than natural, disaster
by those who fault infrastructure problems
for the decimation caused by this storm that
ravaged New Orleans and other parts of the
Gulf Coast.
10 Most worst Hurricanes in the History
Figure showing This dog rode out Hurricane
Katrina on a piece of wood

26. 03. GALVESTON
HURRICANE OF 1900
• The Galveston Hurricane of 1900 took an
estimated 6,000 to 12,000 lives, mostly
in Texas, in September 1900 and is
considered the deadliest hurricane in U.S.
history
• The Category 4 storm brought 20-foot
(6-meter) storm surges and flash flooding
and even pounded Oklahoma and Kansas
when it was done with Texas
• More than 3,600 homes, as well as a
number of structures believed to be
"storm proof" were destroyed in the
hurricane, whose damage totaled $30
million
10 Most worst Hurricanes in the History
Figure showing This home was twisted but
remained standing after the Galveston Hurricane
of 1900.

27. 02. MITCH
• In October 1998, With approximately
11,000 people dead (and thousands more
missing), Mitch is the second-deadliest
hurricane on record and the worst to hit
the Western Hemisphere in more than 200
years.
• Nicaragua was also devastated by Mitch,
losing 2,000 people in one mudslide
alone
• The storm caused more than $5 billion in
damage in Honduras,
10 Most worst Hurricanes in the History
Figure showing The residents of Tegucigalpa,
Honduras clean the streets of the capital after
Hurricane Mitch unleashed deadly mudslides.

28. 01. THE GREAT
HURRICANE OF 1780
• The Great Hurricane of 1780 blasted its
way through the Caribbean, killing
approximately 22,000 people.
• While there isn't much data on record
regarding the hurricane's speed or
rainfall, what we do know is that the
storm bombarded several Caribbean
islands, including Barbados, Martinique
and St. Lucia over six days in October.
• One local observer wrote that the
hurricane stripped bark off of trees, which
has caused some to speculate the winds
must have topped 200 mph (320 kph).
• This massive storm is considered the
deadliest hurricane of all time.
10 Most worst Hurricanes in the History
Figure showing The 17th-century fort survived the
Great Hurricane of 1780.

29. Damages and Effects of
Hurricanes
Hurricanes can cause damages in
the form of following sources :
1. High Winds
2. Storm Surge
3. Heavy Rainfall
4. Tornadoes

30. Damages and Effects of
Hurricanes
• High Wind of a hurricane range from 74
mph (65 knots) in a minimal storm to greater
than 155 mph (136 knots) in a catastrophic one.
• Wind is responsible for much of the structural
damage caused by hurricanes. High winds uproot
trees and tear down power lines.
• The wind speed and potential damage of a
hurricane is expressed as categories according to
he Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale.
• The Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale puts
wind speeds, damage inflicted, and power
outages into five categories.

31. Damages and Effects of
Hurricanes
• Storm Surge is a rapid rise in the level
of water that moves onto land as the eye of the
storm makes landfall.
• Two factors that cause storm surge are:
• Strong winds that push the water toward the
coast
• Suction created by the storm's low pressure.
• This unusual occurrence created the
devastation during Hurricane Sandy.
• Water levels can rise up to 15 feet and a lot
more.
• A 23-foot storm surge would flood 67 percent
of U.S. interstates, including 57 percent of
arterial highways. It would cover almost half of
rail miles, 29 airports and almost all ports in
the Gulf Coast area.

32. Damages and Effects of
Hurricanes
• HEAVY RAINFALL is produced by
hurricanes. The amount of rainfall usually varies
between 6 and 12 inches.
• The heavy rains associated with a tropical
weather system are responsible not only for
major flooding in areas where the storm initially
strikes, but also can affect areas hundreds of
miles from where the storm originally made
landfall.
• The most deadly rainfall occurs inland because a
hurricane produces destructive floods
• Rains are heaviest in the six hours before and the
six hours after the hurricane reaches landfall.
• Sometimes a hurricane can last for days and
produce floods. These floods can occur more
than 100 miles inland.

33. Damages and Effects of
Hurricanes
• TORNADOES is a violently rotating
column of air that extends from the bottom of a
vertically developed cloud
• TORNADOES are often produced by hurricanes.
• Some hurricanes develop several tornadoes, while
others create none at all.
• During Hurricane Beulah in 1967, 141 tornadoes
developed on the Texas coast.

34. HURRICANES
SAFETY TIPS

35. HURRICANES
SAFETY TIPS

36. HURRICANES : A GENERAL
OVERVIEW