Mutual Funds Classification
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Basic Introduction on Mutual funds clasifications, Structure of mutual funds and classification of schemes in mutual funds, Loads in Mutual funds, Classification based on Maturity, Investment objective and other schemes.
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A mutual fund is a pool of money managed by professionals to invest in securities like stocks and bonds. Investors purchase units of the fund. Benefits include professional management, diversification, liquidity, and flexibility. Fees can be front-end loads or back-end loads. Funds invest in major asset classes like money market, bonds, balanced, dividend, equity, and specialty funds. Performance is measured using models like Treynor, Sharpe, Jensen, and Fama that consider risk-adjusted returns. Mutual funds have grown significantly in India in recent years as more savings are channeled into the sector.
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A mutual fund pools money from many investors to purchase stocks, bonds, and other securities. It is managed by a professional fund manager who invests the money on behalf of the investors. A mutual fund provides diversification, affordable investment options, and convenience for investors. It allows individuals to hold a diversified portfolio of securities by investing small amounts of money alongside other investors. The first mutual fund in India was launched in 1964 by the Unit Trust of India (UTI).
Types of mutual funds
This document discusses different types of mutual funds. It begins with an introduction to mutual funds, explaining that they allow investors to pool money for investment in a basket of assets managed by professionals at low cost. The document then outlines the main types of mutual funds:
On the basis of lock-in period, funds are either open-ended, allowing entry and exit at any time, or closed-ended, with a minimum three-year lock-in.
Based on investment, the main types are equity funds (investing in stocks), ELSS funds (for tax benefits), debt funds, balanced funds (mixing equity and debt), and sectoral funds (focusing on a single industry). Equity funds include large
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Credit Rating
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Exchange Traded vs OTC Markets
Exchange traded markets involve stocks trading on a centralized exchange, with the exchange acting as the counterparty to all trades. This removes counterparty risk but involves higher fees. OTC markets have no central exchange, so participants trade directly with each other through different firms. OTC markets have lower costs but involve counterparty risk since trades depend on the firm used. Overall, the document compares the key differences between exchange traded and OTC markets.
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What Is Mutual fund ?
A mutual fund is a pool of money managed by professionals to invest in securities like stocks and bonds. Investors purchase units of the fund. Benefits include professional management, diversification, liquidity, and flexibility. Fees can be front-end loads or back-end loads. Funds invest in major asset classes like money market, bonds, balanced, dividend, equity, and specialty funds. Performance is measured using models like Treynor, Sharpe, Jensen, and Fama that consider risk-adjusted returns. Mutual funds have grown significantly in India in recent years as more savings are channeled into the sector.
ppt on mutual funds
A mutual fund pools money from many investors to purchase stocks, bonds, and other securities. It is managed by a professional fund manager who invests the money on behalf of the investors. A mutual fund provides diversification, affordable investment options, and convenience for investors. It allows individuals to hold a diversified portfolio of securities by investing small amounts of money alongside other investors. The first mutual fund in India was launched in 1964 by the Unit Trust of India (UTI).
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This document discusses different types of mutual funds. It begins with an introduction to mutual funds, explaining that they allow investors to pool money for investment in a basket of assets managed by professionals at low cost. The document then outlines the main types of mutual funds:
On the basis of lock-in period, funds are either open-ended, allowing entry and exit at any time, or closed-ended, with a minimum three-year lock-in.
Based on investment, the main types are equity funds (investing in stocks), ELSS funds (for tax benefits), debt funds, balanced funds (mixing equity and debt), and sectoral funds (focusing on a single industry). Equity funds include large
Contingent claim valuation
The document discusses real option valuation as an alternative to traditional discounted cash flow approaches. Real option valuation treats a company's ability to adapt its strategy over time as a type of financial option. This flexibility allows the company to capitalize on opportunities or cut losses, affecting its overall enterprise value. The document outlines different types of real options like growth, abandonment, and timing options. While more accurate than discounted cash flows, real option models also have disadvantages due to difficulties in obtaining inputs for the underlying valuation models.
Credit Rating
The document provides information on credit ratings. It begins by defining credit and explaining what a credit rating is. A credit rating evaluates a debtor's ability to repay debt and the likelihood of default. It is determined by credit rating agencies based on both public and private information. The document then discusses the different types of ratings including sovereign, short term, and corporate credit ratings. It provides details on the rating scales and categories used by major agencies. The benefits of credit ratings for both investors and companies are outlined. Finally, it discusses some leading credit rating agencies globally and domestically in India.
Arbitrage pricing theory (apt)
The document discusses the Arbitrage Pricing Theory (APT), which assumes an asset's return depends on various macroeconomic, market, and security-specific factors. The APT model estimates the expected return of an asset based on its sensitivity to common risk factors like inflation, interest rates, and market indices. It was developed by Stephen Ross in 1976 as an alternative to the Capital Asset Pricing Model. The APT formula predicts an asset's return based on factor risk premiums and the asset's sensitivity to each factor.
Exchange Traded vs OTC Markets
Exchange traded markets involve stocks trading on a centralized exchange, with the exchange acting as the counterparty to all trades. This removes counterparty risk but involves higher fees. OTC markets have no central exchange, so participants trade directly with each other through different firms. OTC markets have lower costs but involve counterparty risk since trades depend on the firm used. Overall, the document compares the key differences between exchange traded and OTC markets.
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Insurance provides protection from financial loss by spreading risk across many individuals. It has several key functions:
1. Collective risk bearing - Insurance shares the costs of losses among policyholders by pooling their premium payments into a fund used to reimburse those who suffer specified risks.
2. Evaluating and pricing risk - Insurance assesses various risk factors to determine the likelihood of losses and set premium rates accordingly.
3. Providing certainty - Insurance transforms uncertainty about potential losses into a known payment of premiums in exchange for coverage if a loss occurs.
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- The document discusses transaction exposure (TE), which is the risk from changes in exchange rates for contracts that have been agreed to but not yet settled.
- It describes various ways to manage TE, including through forward contracts, money market hedges, options, and swaps. It also discusses operational techniques like invoice currency choice and exposure netting.
- Examples are provided to illustrate comparing forward contracts to money market hedges for an exporter receiving foreign currency and an importer paying foreign currency. The more advantageous hedge depends on interest rate differences.
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This document provides an overview of mutual funds in India. It introduces the presenters and then discusses the introduction, operation, history and growth of mutual funds. The history is broken into four phases from 1964 to the present. It also covers the different types of mutual fund structures, categories, investment objectives and schemes. The roles of the sponsor, trustee and asset management company are defined. Finally, advantages like diversification and disadvantages like lack of control over costs are discussed.
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Hedge funds and mutual funds both pool money from investors to be professionally managed. However, there are key differences in their investment approaches, investor requirements, and regulations. Hedge funds focus on absolute returns, can invest in any asset class including risky investments, use leverage to enhance returns, run concentrated portfolios, and charge high fees to accredited investors. Mutual funds focus on relative returns, have diversification and compliance requirements, charge lower fees to retail investors, and are highly regulated for investor protection.
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Credit rating agencies evaluate the creditworthiness of individuals, corporations, and countries to assess their ability to repay debt and likelihood of default. The major credit rating agencies in India are CRISIL, ICRA, CARE, DCR India, ONICRA, and SMERA. Credit ratings provide benefits to both investors and rated companies by reducing information costs and encouraging financial discipline. However, credit ratings also have limitations such as potential bias and differences in ratings between agencies.
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Mutual funds pool money from investors and invest it in stocks, bonds, and other securities. The money earned through investments and any capital appreciation is shared by unit holders proportionate to how many units they own. The document discusses the history of mutual funds in India from 1964 to present. It describes open-ended and closed-ended funds, as well as growth, income, balanced, and money market funds. The advantages of mutual funds include diversification, professional management, convenience, and tax benefits, while the disadvantages include costs and lack of control. Systematic investment plans allow regular investing of small amounts to achieve long-term goals through rupee cost averaging and the power of compounding.
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This document discusses different methods for evaluating portfolio performance:
- Portfolio managers evaluate performance to identify strengths and weaknesses and improve strategies. Evaluation provides feedback in the final stage of the investment process.
- Sharpe's index measures risk-adjusted return by comparing the portfolio's excess return over the risk-free rate to the total risk in the portfolio. A higher index indicates better performance.
- Treynor's index also measures risk-adjusted return but uses systematic risk (beta) rather than total risk. A higher Treynor index means more risk premium earned per unit of market risk.
- Jensen's alpha measures the excess return of a portfolio above what would be predicted by the security's beta. A positive alpha
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3. Providing certainty - Insurance transforms uncertainty about potential losses into a known payment of premiums in exchange for coverage if a loss occurs.
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- It describes various ways to manage TE, including through forward contracts, money market hedges, options, and swaps. It also discusses operational techniques like invoice currency choice and exposure netting.
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- Portfolio managers evaluate performance to identify strengths and weaknesses and improve strategies. Evaluation provides feedback in the final stage of the investment process.
- Sharpe's index measures risk-adjusted return by comparing the portfolio's excess return over the risk-free rate to the total risk in the portfolio. A higher index indicates better performance.
- Treynor's index also measures risk-adjusted return but uses systematic risk (beta) rather than total risk. A higher Treynor index means more risk premium earned per unit of market risk.
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一比一原版(RMIT毕业证)皇家墨尔本理工大学毕业证如何办理
RMIT硕士学位证成绩单【微信95270640】《皇家墨尔本理工大学毕业证书》《QQ微信95270640》学位证书电子版：在线制作皇家墨尔本理工大学毕业证成绩单GPA修改（制作RMIT毕业证成绩单RMIT文凭证书样本）、皇家墨尔本理工大学毕业证书与成绩单样本图片、《RMIT学历证书学位证书》、皇家墨尔本理工大学毕业证案例毕业证书制作軟體、在线制作加拿大硕士学历证书真实可查.
【本科硕士】皇家墨尔本理工大学皇家墨尔本理工大学本科学位证成绩单（GPA修改）；学历认证（教育部认证）；大学Offer录取通知书留信认证使馆认证；雅思语言证书等高仿类证书。
办理流程：
1客户提供办理皇家墨尔本理工大学皇家墨尔本理工大学本科学位证成绩单信息：姓名生日专业学位毕业时间等（如信息不确定可以咨询顾问：我们有专业老师帮你查询）；
2开始安排制作毕业证成绩单电子图；
3毕业证成绩单电子版做好以后发送给您确认；
4毕业证成绩单电子版您确认信息无误之后安排制作成品；
5成品做好拍照或者视频给您确认；
6快递给客户（国内顺丰国外DHLUPS等快读邮寄）
真实网上可查的证明材料
1教育部学历学位认证留服官网真实存档可查永久存档。
2留学回国人员证明（使馆认证）使馆网站真实存档可查。
我们对海外大学及学院的毕业证成绩单所使用的材料尺寸大小防伪结构（包括：皇家墨尔本理工大学皇家墨尔本理工大学本科学位证成绩单隐形水印阴影底纹钢印LOGO烫金烫银LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕激光镭射紫外荧光温感复印防伪）都有原版本文凭对照。质量得到了广大海外客户群体的认可同时和海外学校留学中介做到与时俱进及时掌握各大院校的（毕业证成绩单资格证结业证录取通知书在读证明等相关材料）的版本更新信息能够在第一时间掌握最新的海外学历文凭的样版尺寸大小纸张材质防伪技术等等并在第一时间收集到原版实物以求达到客户的需求。
本公司还可以按照客户原版印刷制作且能够达到客户理想的要求。有需要办理证件的客户请联系我们在线客服中心微信：95270640 或咨询在线父亲的家很狭小除了一张单人床和一张小方桌几乎没有多余的空间山娃一下子就联想起学校的男小便处山娃很想笑却怎么也笑不出来山娃很迷惑父亲的家除了一扇小铁门连窗户也没有墓穴一般阴森森有些骇人父亲的城也便成了山娃的城父亲的家也便成了山娃的家父亲让山娃呆在屋里做作业看电视最多只能在门口透透气不能跟陌生人搭腔更不能乱跑一怕迷路二怕拐子拐人山娃很惊惧去年村里的田鸡就因为跟父亲进城一不小心被人拐跑了至今不见踪影害不
Accounting Information Systems (AIS).pptx
An accounting information system (AIS) refers to tools and systems designed for the collection and display of accounting information so accountants and executives can make informed decisions.
Independent Study - College of Wooster Research (2023-2024)
"Does Foreign Direct Investment Negatively Affect Preservation of Culture in the Global South? Case Studies in Thailand and Cambodia."
Do elements of globalization, such as Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), negatively affect the ability of countries in the Global South to preserve their culture? This research aims to answer this question by employing a cross-sectional comparative case study analysis utilizing methods of difference. Thailand and Cambodia are compared as they are in the same region and have a similar culture. The metric of difference between Thailand and Cambodia is their ability to preserve their culture. This ability is operationalized by their respective attitudes towards FDI; Thailand imposes stringent regulations and limitations on FDI while Cambodia does not hesitate to accept most FDI and imposes fewer limitations. The evidence from this study suggests that FDI from globally influential countries with high gross domestic products (GDPs) (e.g. China, U.S.) challenges the ability of countries with lower GDPs (e.g. Cambodia) to protect their culture. Furthermore, the ability, or lack thereof, of the receiving countries to protect their culture is amplified by the existence and implementation of restrictive FDI policies imposed by their governments.
My study abroad in Bali, Indonesia, inspired this research topic as I noticed how globalization is changing the culture of its people. I learned their language and way of life which helped me understand the beauty and importance of cultural preservation. I believe we could all benefit from learning new perspectives as they could help us ideate solutions to contemporary issues and empathize with others.
RMIT University degree offer diploma Transcript
澳洲RMIT毕业证书制作RMIT假文凭定制Q微168899991做RMIT留信网教留服认证海牙认证改RMIT成绩单GPA做RMIT假学位证假文凭高仿毕业证申请墨尔本皇家理工大学RMIT University degree offer diploma Transcript
Fabular Frames and the Four Ratio Problem
Digital, interactive art showing the struggle of a society in providing for its present population while also saving planetary resources for future generations. Spread across several frames, the art is actually the rendering of real and speculative data. The stereographic projections change shape in response to prompts and provocations. Visitors interact with the model through speculative statements about how to increase savings across communities, regions, ecosystems and environments. Their fabulations combined with random noise, i.e. factors beyond control, have a dramatic effect on the societal transition. Things get better. Things get worse. The aim is to give visitors a new grasp and feel of the ongoing struggles in democracies around the world.
Stunning art in the small multiples format brings out the spatiotemporal nature of societal transitions, against backdrop issues such as energy, housing, waste, farmland and forest. In each frame we see hopeful and frightful interplays between spending and saving. Problems emerge when one of the two parts of the existential anaglyph rapidly shrinks like Arctic ice, as factors cross thresholds. Ecological wealth and intergenerational equity areFour at stake. Not enough spending could mean economic stress, social unrest and political conflict. Not enough saving and there will be climate breakdown and ‘bankruptcy’. So where does speculative design start and the gambling and betting end? Behind each fabular frame is a four ratio problem. Each ratio reflects the level of sacrifice and self-restraint a society is willing to accept, against promises of prosperity and freedom. Some values seem to stabilise a frame while others cause collapse. Get the ratios right and we can have it all. Get them wrong and things get more desperate.
Governor Olli Rehn: Inflation down and recovery supported by interest rate cu...
Governor Olli Rehn
Bank of Finland
Press conference on the outlook for the Finnish economy
Helsinki, 11 June 2024
在线办理(TAMU毕业证书)美国德州农工大学毕业证PDF成绩单一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(TAMU毕业证书)美国德州农工大学毕业证PDF成绩单》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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New Visa Rules for Tourists and Students in Thailand | Amit Kakkar Easy Visa
Discover essential details about Thailand's recent visa policy changes, tailored for tourists and students. Amit Kakkar Easy Visa provides a comprehensive overview of new requirements, application processes, and tips to ensure a smooth transition for all travelers.
快速办理(美国Fordham毕业证书)福德汉姆大学毕业证学历证书一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(美国Fordham毕业证书)福德汉姆大学毕业证学历证书》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
高仿英国伦敦艺术大学毕业证（ual毕业证书）文凭证书原版一模一样
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【英国伦敦艺术大学毕业证（ual毕业证书）文凭证书】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Optimizing Net Interest Margin (NIM) in the Financial Sector (With Examples).pdf
NIM is calculated as the difference between interest income earned and interest expenses paid, divided by interest-earning assets.
Importance: NIM serves as a critical measure of a financial institution's profitability and operational efficiency. It reflects how effectively the institution is utilizing its interest-earning assets to generate income while managing interest costs.
做澳洲澳大利亚国立大学毕业证荣誉学位证书原版一模一样
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【澳洲澳大利亚国立大学毕业证荣誉学位证书】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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Mutual Funds Classification
- 3. MUTUAL FUNDS
- 4. STRUCTURE OF MUTUAL FUNDS ◊ SPONSOR ◊ TRUSTEE ◊ ASSET MANAGEMENT COMPANY ◊ CUSTODIAN ◊ R&T AGENT
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- 8. FACTORS EQUITY SCHEMES DEBT SCHEMES INVESTS IN STOCKS BONDS, DEBENTURES ETC., OBJECTIVE CAPITAL GROWTH STABLE INCOME WITH LOW CAPITAL APPRECIATION RISK HIGH LOW SUITABLE FOR HIGH RISK TAKERS LOW RISK TAKERS
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