This document discusses methods of data collection. It defines primary and secondary data and describes common collection techniques. Primary data is originally collected for the research purpose, such as through surveys, interviews, or observation. Secondary data is previously collected for another purpose, from sources like published reports, literature, or the internet. Both have advantages and disadvantages - primary data directly answers research questions but at higher cost, while secondary data is lower cost but may not be targeted or timely. Quantitative and qualitative techniques are also discussed.

1. METHODS OF DATA
COLLECTION
By- Mr. Adwin Anand Verma
Student- MA Psychology 1st Semester

2. INTRODUCTION
o Data collection is a term used to describe a
process of preparing and collecting data
o Systematic gathering of data for a
particular purpose from various
sources, that has been systematically
observed, recorded, organized.
o Data are the basic inputs to any decision
making process in business

3. PURPOSE OF DATA
COLLECTION
o The purpose of data collection is
,/ to obtain information
,/ to keep on record
,/ to make decisions about
important issues,
,/ to pass information on to others

4. CLASSIFICATION OF DATA
TYPES
PRIMARY
DATA
SECONDARY
DATA

5. PRIMARY DATA
o The data which are collected from the field under
the control and supervision of an investigator
o Primary data means original data that has been
collectedspecially for the purpose in mind
o This type of data are generally afresh and collected
for the first time
o It is useful for current studies as well as for future
studies
o For example: your own questionnaire.

6. Primary Research Methods & Techniques
'
Qua nt it a t ive Dat a
.. ' . ,.
Sur veys Fo c us g roups
•Personal interview
(intercepts)
•Mail
•In-house,self-
administered
•Telephone, fax, e-
mail,Web
,.
I
ndiv id ua l de p t h
int e r v iew s
!.
Human
observation
'
Sim ul
a t io n
'
Case studies
Primary
Research
. •
Qualitative Data
Experiments
'
Mechanical
observation
.

7. Primary Research Methods &
Techniques
o Quantitative and Qualitative Information:
oQuantitative - based on numbers - 56% of 18 year
olds drink alcohol at least four times a week - doesn't tell
you why, when, how.
oQualitative - more detail - tells you why, when and how !

8. Primary Research
Categories
..
-
-
o Quantitative Research c Numerical
c Statistically reliable
c Projectable to a broader population

9. Quantitative Research
Categories
o Sampling Methods:
o Random Samples - equal chance of anyone
being picked
a May select those not in the target group -
indiscriminate
a Sample sizes may need to b Large to be
representative
c Can be very expensive 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Assign Numbers,
Auto-Generate Random
Selections

10. Quantitative Research Categories
..
-
-
 o Stratif ied or Segment Random
Sampling
 c Samples on the basis of a representative
strata or segment
 c Still random but more focussed
c May give more relevant inf ation
.
P o p u la t io
n
c May be more cost effect e
Q S a m p l e

11. Quantitative Research
Categories
o Quota Sampling
c Again - by segment
c Not randomly selected
c Specif ic number on each segment are
interviewed, etc.
c May not be fully representative
c Cheaper method

12. Qualitative Research
Categories
..
-
-
-
-
-
-
o Qualitative Research
c In-depth, insight generating c Non-numerical
c'Directional'
o Common Techniques
c Personal interviews (depth, one-on-one) c
Focus groups (8-12) and mini-groups (3-
6)

13. METHODS
. - -
-
=--;-
-
;
:
:
:
:
;
;
:
:
m
o OBSERVATION METHOD
Through personal observation
o PERSONAL INTERVIEW
Through Questionnaire
o TELEPHONE INTERVIEW
Through Call outcomes,
Call timings
o MAIL SURV EY
Through Mailed Questionnaire

14. SECONDARY DATA
o Data gathered and recorded by someone else prior to
and for a purpose other than the current project
o Secondary data is data that has been collected for
another purpose.
o It involves less cost, time and effort
o Secondary data is data that is being reused. Usually in
a different context.
o For example: data from a book.

15. SOURCES
.
.
.
-
-
 o INTERNAL SOURCES
 Internal sources of secondary data are usually for
marketing application-
../ Sales Records
../ Marketing Activity
../ Cost Information fcroo.: gc
l
../ Distributor reports and feedback
6n...
../ Customer feedback ,

16. SOURCES
..
-
-
o EXTERNAL SOURCES
External sources of secondary data are usually for
Financial application-
../ Journals
../ Books
../ Magazines
../ Newspaper
../ Libraries
../ The Internet

17. Advantages & Disadvantages
of Primary_
Dat_
a_ _ _ _ _
o Advantages
o Targeted Issues are addressed
o Data interpretation is better
oEfficient Spending for Information o
Decency of Data
oProprietary Issues
oAddresses Specific Research Issues o
Greater Control

18. Advantages &
Disadvantages of
..
.
-
...
-
.--_ _ _ _Primary Data
_ _ _ _ _
oDisadvantages o High Cost
oTime Consuming
oInaccurate Feed-backs
oMore number of resources is required

19. Advantages & Disadvantages of
.
-
.
-
.
-
.
-
..----
-- Secondary_
D
_a
_t_
a_ _ _ _ _
o Advantages
o Ease of Access
o Low Cost to Acquire
o Clarification of Research Question
o May Answer Research Question

20. Disadvantages & Disadvantages of
.
-
..-
...----
-
- Secondary_
D
_a
_t_
a_ _ _ _ _
o Disadvantages
o Quality of Research
o Not Specific to Researcher 's Needs o
Incomplete Information
o Not Timely