A network element (NE) includes an intelligent interface (II) with its own operating environment rendering it active during the NE boot process, and with separate intelligence allowing it to take actions on the NE prior to, during, and after the boot process. The combination of independent operation and increased intelligence provides enhanced management opportunities to enable the NE to be controlled throughout the boot process and after completion of the boot process. For example, files may be uploaded to the NE before or during the boot process to restart the NE from a new software image. The II allows this downloading process to occur in parallel on multiple NEs from a centralized storage resource. Diagnostic checks may be run on the NE, and files, and MIB information, and other data may be transmitted from the II to enable a network manager to more effectively manage the NE.
https://www.google.com/patents/US7734748?dq=US+7734748&hl=en&sa=X&ei=5XNSVL_xDqTNmwXd44HoDA&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA
Programmable command-line interface API for managing operation of a network d...Tal Lavian Ph.D.
A method of managing a network device, includes providing a command-line interface application programming interface (CLI-API) compatible with a command-line interface (CLI) of the network device, receiving instructions from an application that calls one or more routines in the CLI application programming interface, and generating at least one command in response to receiving instructions from the application wherein the at least one command is compatible with the CLI of the network device. An apparatus includes a remote serial command-line interface (RS-CLI) device having a storage device capable of storing instructions, a network port capable of being connected to the network and capable of processing a network protocol stack in addition to receiving the instructions, a serial port capable of processing a serial protocol and capable of being connected to the non-application enabled network device, and a processor capable of processing instructions stored in the storage area of the RS-CLI device.
https://www.google.com/patents/US7039724?dq=US+7039724&hl=en&sa=X&ei=83dSVOCGGYvz8gXSrIHoDA&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA
The Saudi Arabian Grid Code has been developed to define the rules and regulations for various
Participants for accessing and using the Transmission System of the National Grid SA, a whollyowned
subsidiary of the Saudi Electricity Company. The Code has already established in the first
issue the obligations of the National Grid SA and other Grid Users—Generators, Distribution
Entities, and Directly-connected Customers—for accessing and using the Grid, in specific to: (i)
define obligations, responsibilities, and accountabilities of all the parties towards ensuring open,
transparent, non-discriminatory, and economic access and use of the Grid while maintaining
its safe, reliable, and efficient operation; (ii) define minimum technical requirements for the
Participants; and (iii) set out the information exchange obligations of the Participants.
Through its 7 chapters, the Saudi Arabian Grid Code attempts to cover matters such as defining of
technical, design, and operational criteria for Grid access and use, planning for Grid development
and reinforcement, System operation criteria and standards, Scheduling and Dispatch of supply
and demand resources, exchange of data and information, and metering policies and systems to
account for the Power and Energy transactions in the Grid.
Chapter 1, General Conditions, contains provisions which are of general nature and apply to all
sections of the Grid Code. Their objective is to ensure that the various sections of the Grid Code
work collectively and in harmony with each other for the benefit of all Participants.
Chapter 2, Connection Code, specifies basic principles and establishes a set of technical, design,
and operational conditions for the Users for connecting to and using the Grid. It also contains
information about the performance characteristics of the Transmission System at the Connection
Point to enable the Users to design their own facilities and schemes accordingly.
Chapter 3, Planning Code, provides a framework for enabling the TSP and Users to interact in
relation to planning and development of the Transmission System and also specifies the data and
information that they have to exchange with each other for this purpose.
Design and build a wireless transceiver using nrf24l01p single chip 2.4g hz Ehsan Izadi
A Wireless transceiver has been designed using nrf24l01p module in order to make a connection between two laptops and exchanging data. The PCB layout and C Codes are available in the PDF file.
Programmable command-line interface API for managing operation of a network d...Tal Lavian Ph.D.
A method of managing a network device, includes providing a command-line interface application programming interface (CLI-API) compatible with a command-line interface (CLI) of the network device, receiving instructions from an application that calls one or more routines in the CLI application programming interface, and generating at least one command in response to receiving instructions from the application wherein the at least one command is compatible with the CLI of the network device. An apparatus includes a remote serial command-line interface (RS-CLI) device having a storage device capable of storing instructions, a network port capable of being connected to the network and capable of processing a network protocol stack in addition to receiving the instructions, a serial port capable of processing a serial protocol and capable of being connected to the non-application enabled network device, and a processor capable of processing instructions stored in the storage area of the RS-CLI device.
https://www.google.com/patents/US7039724?dq=US+7039724&hl=en&sa=X&ei=83dSVOCGGYvz8gXSrIHoDA&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA
The Saudi Arabian Grid Code has been developed to define the rules and regulations for various
Participants for accessing and using the Transmission System of the National Grid SA, a whollyowned
subsidiary of the Saudi Electricity Company. The Code has already established in the first
issue the obligations of the National Grid SA and other Grid Users—Generators, Distribution
Entities, and Directly-connected Customers—for accessing and using the Grid, in specific to: (i)
define obligations, responsibilities, and accountabilities of all the parties towards ensuring open,
transparent, non-discriminatory, and economic access and use of the Grid while maintaining
its safe, reliable, and efficient operation; (ii) define minimum technical requirements for the
Participants; and (iii) set out the information exchange obligations of the Participants.
Through its 7 chapters, the Saudi Arabian Grid Code attempts to cover matters such as defining of
technical, design, and operational criteria for Grid access and use, planning for Grid development
and reinforcement, System operation criteria and standards, Scheduling and Dispatch of supply
and demand resources, exchange of data and information, and metering policies and systems to
account for the Power and Energy transactions in the Grid.
Chapter 1, General Conditions, contains provisions which are of general nature and apply to all
sections of the Grid Code. Their objective is to ensure that the various sections of the Grid Code
work collectively and in harmony with each other for the benefit of all Participants.
Chapter 2, Connection Code, specifies basic principles and establishes a set of technical, design,
and operational conditions for the Users for connecting to and using the Grid. It also contains
information about the performance characteristics of the Transmission System at the Connection
Point to enable the Users to design their own facilities and schemes accordingly.
Chapter 3, Planning Code, provides a framework for enabling the TSP and Users to interact in
relation to planning and development of the Transmission System and also specifies the data and
information that they have to exchange with each other for this purpose.
Design and build a wireless transceiver using nrf24l01p single chip 2.4g hz Ehsan Izadi
A Wireless transceiver has been designed using nrf24l01p module in order to make a connection between two laptops and exchanging data. The PCB layout and C Codes are available in the PDF file.
A unidirectional network (also referred to as a unidirectional security gateway or data diode) is a network
appliance or device allowing data to travel only in one direction, used in guaranteeing information security. They
are most commonly found in high security environments such as defense, where they serve as connections
between two or more networks of differing security classification –also known as a "cross domain solution." This
technology is also found at the industrial control level for such facilities as nuclear power plants, electric power
generation/distribution, oil and gas production, water/wastewater, airplanes (between flight control units and
in-flight entertainment systems), and manufacturing
In this talk, we will explain the functioning of Wireless LANs in theory and in practice.
We will present the IEEE 802.11 standard in general and MAC protocols in particular, by discussing the functions of MAC sublayer management entity and the MAC layer frames in detail.
We will discuss the changes in the states of a WiFi client as it goes through the process of WiFi communication.
Towards the end, we will briefly talk about various vantage points ( at the client side as well as in the air ) that allow us to capture network traffic.
Method and apparatus for intelligent management of a network elementTal Lavian Ph.D.
A network element (NE) includes an intelligent interface (II) with its own operating environment rendering it active during the NE boot process, and with separate intelligence allowing it to take actions on the NE prior to, during, and after the boot process. The combination of independent operation and increased intelligence provides enhanced management opportunities to enable the NE to be controlled throughout the boot process and after completion of the boot process. For example, files may be uploaded to the NE before or during the boot process to restart the NE from a new software image. The II allows this downloading process to occur in parallel on multiple NEs from a centralized storage resource. Diagnostic checks may be run on the NE, and files, and MIB information, and other data may be transmitted from the II to enable a network manager to more effectively manage the NE.
https://www.google.com/patents/US20100217854?dq=20100217854&hl=en&sa=X&ei=UslTVPzPB8PFmQXWlYCwAw&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA
A method and apparatus for automatically configuring a network switch having external network data ports, a processor, memory, data bus, and coprocessor. Network data is monitored on the external network data port. Information about the network data traffic is compared to one or more threshold conditions. The network switch is automatically configured by the coprocessor if the network data meets one of the threshold conditions. The monitor and configuration functions can be performed by software running on the coprocessor which has been downloaded from an external network maintenance station through a maintenance data port. Information about the network data traffic can be uploaded to the external network maintenance station through a maintenance data port.
https://www.google.com/patents/US6170015?dq=US+6170015&hl=en&sa=X&ei=cMFTVIuBE8eumAW75oGABA&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA
Method and apparatus for automatically configuring a network switchTal Lavian Ph.D.
A method and apparatus for automatically configuring a network switch having external network data ports, a processor, and memory. Network data is monitored on the external network data port. Information about the network data traffic is compared to one or more threshold conditions. The network switch is automatically configured if the network data meets one of the threshold conditions. The monitor and configuration functions can be performed by software running on the processor which has been downloaded from an external network maintenance station through a maintenance data port. Information about the network data traffic can be uploaded to the external network maintenance station through a maintenance data port.
https://www.google.com/patents/US6175868?dq=US+6175868&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-MBTVNaoOoXbmgWe6oHADw&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA
Network resources allocated for particular application traffic are aware of the characteristics of L4+ content to be transmitted. One embodiment of the invention realizes network resource allocation in terms of three intelligent modules, gateway, provisioning and classification. A gateway module exerts network control functions in response to application requests for network resources. The network control functions include traffic path setup, bandwidth allocation and so on. Characteristics of the content are also specified in the received application network resource requests. Under request of the gateway module, a provisioning module allocates network resources such as bandwidth in optical networks and edge devices as well. An optical network resource allocation leads to a provisioning optical route. Under request of the gateway module, a classification module differentiates applications traffic according to content specifications, and thus creates and applies content-aware rule data for edge devices to forward content-specified traffic towards respective provisioning optical routes.
https://www.google.com/patents/US7944827?dq=US+7944827&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-XJSVPLjF8Kn8AXtz4G4Cw&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA
A Grid Proxy Architecture for Network Resources (GPAN) is proposed to allow Grid applications to access resources shared in communication network domains. GPAN bridges Grid services serving user applications and network services controlling network devices through its proxy functions such as resource data and management proxies. Working with Grid resource index and broker services, GPAN employs distributed network service peers (NSP) in network domains to discover, negotiate and allocate network resources such as bandwidth for Grid applications. An elected master NSP is the unique Grid node that runs GPAN and represents the whole network to share network resources to Grids without Grid involvement of network devices. GPAN provides the Grid Proxy service (GPS) to interface with Grid services and applications, and the Grid Delegation service (GDS) to interface with network services to utilize network resources. Resource-based XML messaging is employed for the GPAN proxy communication.
https://www.google.com/patents/US8341257?dq=US+8341257&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Zm1SVMvBD6OimQXAsYKQDw&ved=0CB0Q6AEwAA
Method and apparatus for transporting visualization information on a switched...Tal Lavian Ph.D.
A visualization display network is created such that images to be displayed at the visualization presentation center(s) are formatted for direct display on the viewing terminals without requiring significant additional processing at the visualization presentation center. For example, the display terminals at the visualization presentation center may be configured to display signals received in a standard color format such as RGB, and the signals output from the visualization processing center and transported on a switched underlay optical network may be formed in the same color format. A visualization transfer service is provided to reserve resources on the switched underlay optical network and to coordinate visualization events between the visualization processing center, network, and visualization presentation center. Network resources may be scheduled in real time on demand or may be scheduled to be provided at a predetermined optionally under-constrained time.
https://www.google.com/patents/US20050074529?dq=20050074529&hl=en&sa=X&ei=TedVVITQK4i3uASLx4DwAQ&ved=0CB0Q6AEwAA
Interface method and system for accessing inner layers of a network protocolTal Lavian Ph.D.
A method of performing network communications includes receiving a datagram for transmitting information over a network, selecting a layer in a network protocol stack to establish communication over the network using an inner layer application programming interface (IL API), establishing an inner layer socket at the selected network layer using the IL API without accessing other layers in the layered network protocol stack, and transmitting the datagram packet over the selected layer using the inner layer socket.
https://www.google.com/patents/US6845397?dq=US+6845397&hl=en&sa=X&ei=zrxTVJv8C-GsmAXaoYLwCQ&ved=0CB0Q6AEwAA
A Grid Proxy Architecture for Network Resources (GPAN) is proposed to allow Grid applications to access resources shared in communication network domains. GPAN bridges Grid services serving user applications and network services controlling network devices through its proxy functions such as resource data and management proxies. Working with Grid resource index and broker services, GPAN employs distributed network service peers (NSP) in network domains to discover, negotiate and allocate network resources such as bandwidth for Grid applications. An elected master NSP is the unique Grid node that runs GPAN and represents the whole network to share network resources to Grids without Grid involvement of network devices. GPAN provides the Grid Proxy service (GPS) to interface with Grid services and applications, and the Grid Delegation service (GDS) to interface with network services to utilize network resources. Resource-based XML messaging is employed for the GPAN proxy communication.
https://www.google.com/patents/US8078708?dq=US+8078708&hl=en&sa=X&ei=mnFSVOLRNI2A8QXyt4GgBA&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA
Method and apparatus for preconditioning data to be transferred on a switched...Tal Lavian Ph.D.
Data may be preconditioned to be transferred on a switched underlay network to alleviate the data access and transfer rate mismatch, so that large files may be effectively transferred on the network at optical networking speeds. A data meta-manager service may be provided on the network to interface a data source and/or data target to prepare a data file for transmission, such as by dividing a large file into multiple pieces and causing those pieces to be stored on multiple storage subsystems. The file may then be read from the multiple storage subsystems simultaneously and multiplexed onto scheduled resources on the network. This enables the high bandwidth transfer resource to be filled by a data transfer without requiring the storage subsystem to be augmented to output the data at the network transfer rate. The file may be de-multiplexed at the data target to one or more storage subsystems.
https://www.google.com/patents/US20050076173?dq=20050076173&hl=en&sa=X&ei=2eJVVJShKdPbuQSjsIDoAQ&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA
Method and apparatus for transporting parcels of data using network elements ...Tal Lavian Ph.D.
A network element with network element storage and independent intelligence may be configured to provide temporary mass storage to facilitate the transfer of large files across an optical network. The network element may also be provided with intelligence to enable the network element to maintain a higher level understanding of the data flows. Using network element storage enables network elements involved in data transmission across the network to temporarily store data being transferred on the network. This allows parcels of data to be transmitted part way through the network when a complete path through the network is not available. It also allows data to be aggregated at strategic locations on the network, such as at the location of a transmission bandwidth mismatch, to enable the data to be transmitted over the high capacity optical resource at a higher rate, thus more efficiently utilizing the bandwidth on the higher bandwidth resource.
https://www.google.com/patents/US20050083960?dq=20050083960&hl=en&sa=X&ei=lOFVVKTyCo24uATp1IH4AQ&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA
A unidirectional network (also referred to as a unidirectional security gateway or data diode) is a network
appliance or device allowing data to travel only in one direction, used in guaranteeing information security. They
are most commonly found in high security environments such as defense, where they serve as connections
between two or more networks of differing security classification –also known as a "cross domain solution." This
technology is also found at the industrial control level for such facilities as nuclear power plants, electric power
generation/distribution, oil and gas production, water/wastewater, airplanes (between flight control units and
in-flight entertainment systems), and manufacturing
In this talk, we will explain the functioning of Wireless LANs in theory and in practice.
We will present the IEEE 802.11 standard in general and MAC protocols in particular, by discussing the functions of MAC sublayer management entity and the MAC layer frames in detail.
We will discuss the changes in the states of a WiFi client as it goes through the process of WiFi communication.
Towards the end, we will briefly talk about various vantage points ( at the client side as well as in the air ) that allow us to capture network traffic.
Method and apparatus for intelligent management of a network elementTal Lavian Ph.D.
A network element (NE) includes an intelligent interface (II) with its own operating environment rendering it active during the NE boot process, and with separate intelligence allowing it to take actions on the NE prior to, during, and after the boot process. The combination of independent operation and increased intelligence provides enhanced management opportunities to enable the NE to be controlled throughout the boot process and after completion of the boot process. For example, files may be uploaded to the NE before or during the boot process to restart the NE from a new software image. The II allows this downloading process to occur in parallel on multiple NEs from a centralized storage resource. Diagnostic checks may be run on the NE, and files, and MIB information, and other data may be transmitted from the II to enable a network manager to more effectively manage the NE.
https://www.google.com/patents/US20100217854?dq=20100217854&hl=en&sa=X&ei=UslTVPzPB8PFmQXWlYCwAw&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA
A method and apparatus for automatically configuring a network switch having external network data ports, a processor, memory, data bus, and coprocessor. Network data is monitored on the external network data port. Information about the network data traffic is compared to one or more threshold conditions. The network switch is automatically configured by the coprocessor if the network data meets one of the threshold conditions. The monitor and configuration functions can be performed by software running on the coprocessor which has been downloaded from an external network maintenance station through a maintenance data port. Information about the network data traffic can be uploaded to the external network maintenance station through a maintenance data port.
https://www.google.com/patents/US6170015?dq=US+6170015&hl=en&sa=X&ei=cMFTVIuBE8eumAW75oGABA&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA
Method and apparatus for automatically configuring a network switchTal Lavian Ph.D.
A method and apparatus for automatically configuring a network switch having external network data ports, a processor, and memory. Network data is monitored on the external network data port. Information about the network data traffic is compared to one or more threshold conditions. The network switch is automatically configured if the network data meets one of the threshold conditions. The monitor and configuration functions can be performed by software running on the processor which has been downloaded from an external network maintenance station through a maintenance data port. Information about the network data traffic can be uploaded to the external network maintenance station through a maintenance data port.
https://www.google.com/patents/US6175868?dq=US+6175868&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-MBTVNaoOoXbmgWe6oHADw&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA
Network resources allocated for particular application traffic are aware of the characteristics of L4+ content to be transmitted. One embodiment of the invention realizes network resource allocation in terms of three intelligent modules, gateway, provisioning and classification. A gateway module exerts network control functions in response to application requests for network resources. The network control functions include traffic path setup, bandwidth allocation and so on. Characteristics of the content are also specified in the received application network resource requests. Under request of the gateway module, a provisioning module allocates network resources such as bandwidth in optical networks and edge devices as well. An optical network resource allocation leads to a provisioning optical route. Under request of the gateway module, a classification module differentiates applications traffic according to content specifications, and thus creates and applies content-aware rule data for edge devices to forward content-specified traffic towards respective provisioning optical routes.
https://www.google.com/patents/US7944827?dq=US+7944827&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-XJSVPLjF8Kn8AXtz4G4Cw&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA
A Grid Proxy Architecture for Network Resources (GPAN) is proposed to allow Grid applications to access resources shared in communication network domains. GPAN bridges Grid services serving user applications and network services controlling network devices through its proxy functions such as resource data and management proxies. Working with Grid resource index and broker services, GPAN employs distributed network service peers (NSP) in network domains to discover, negotiate and allocate network resources such as bandwidth for Grid applications. An elected master NSP is the unique Grid node that runs GPAN and represents the whole network to share network resources to Grids without Grid involvement of network devices. GPAN provides the Grid Proxy service (GPS) to interface with Grid services and applications, and the Grid Delegation service (GDS) to interface with network services to utilize network resources. Resource-based XML messaging is employed for the GPAN proxy communication.
https://www.google.com/patents/US8341257?dq=US+8341257&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Zm1SVMvBD6OimQXAsYKQDw&ved=0CB0Q6AEwAA
Method and apparatus for transporting visualization information on a switched...Tal Lavian Ph.D.
A visualization display network is created such that images to be displayed at the visualization presentation center(s) are formatted for direct display on the viewing terminals without requiring significant additional processing at the visualization presentation center. For example, the display terminals at the visualization presentation center may be configured to display signals received in a standard color format such as RGB, and the signals output from the visualization processing center and transported on a switched underlay optical network may be formed in the same color format. A visualization transfer service is provided to reserve resources on the switched underlay optical network and to coordinate visualization events between the visualization processing center, network, and visualization presentation center. Network resources may be scheduled in real time on demand or may be scheduled to be provided at a predetermined optionally under-constrained time.
https://www.google.com/patents/US20050074529?dq=20050074529&hl=en&sa=X&ei=TedVVITQK4i3uASLx4DwAQ&ved=0CB0Q6AEwAA
Interface method and system for accessing inner layers of a network protocolTal Lavian Ph.D.
A method of performing network communications includes receiving a datagram for transmitting information over a network, selecting a layer in a network protocol stack to establish communication over the network using an inner layer application programming interface (IL API), establishing an inner layer socket at the selected network layer using the IL API without accessing other layers in the layered network protocol stack, and transmitting the datagram packet over the selected layer using the inner layer socket.
https://www.google.com/patents/US6845397?dq=US+6845397&hl=en&sa=X&ei=zrxTVJv8C-GsmAXaoYLwCQ&ved=0CB0Q6AEwAA
A Grid Proxy Architecture for Network Resources (GPAN) is proposed to allow Grid applications to access resources shared in communication network domains. GPAN bridges Grid services serving user applications and network services controlling network devices through its proxy functions such as resource data and management proxies. Working with Grid resource index and broker services, GPAN employs distributed network service peers (NSP) in network domains to discover, negotiate and allocate network resources such as bandwidth for Grid applications. An elected master NSP is the unique Grid node that runs GPAN and represents the whole network to share network resources to Grids without Grid involvement of network devices. GPAN provides the Grid Proxy service (GPS) to interface with Grid services and applications, and the Grid Delegation service (GDS) to interface with network services to utilize network resources. Resource-based XML messaging is employed for the GPAN proxy communication.
https://www.google.com/patents/US8078708?dq=US+8078708&hl=en&sa=X&ei=mnFSVOLRNI2A8QXyt4GgBA&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA
Method and apparatus for preconditioning data to be transferred on a switched...Tal Lavian Ph.D.
Data may be preconditioned to be transferred on a switched underlay network to alleviate the data access and transfer rate mismatch, so that large files may be effectively transferred on the network at optical networking speeds. A data meta-manager service may be provided on the network to interface a data source and/or data target to prepare a data file for transmission, such as by dividing a large file into multiple pieces and causing those pieces to be stored on multiple storage subsystems. The file may then be read from the multiple storage subsystems simultaneously and multiplexed onto scheduled resources on the network. This enables the high bandwidth transfer resource to be filled by a data transfer without requiring the storage subsystem to be augmented to output the data at the network transfer rate. The file may be de-multiplexed at the data target to one or more storage subsystems.
https://www.google.com/patents/US20050076173?dq=20050076173&hl=en&sa=X&ei=2eJVVJShKdPbuQSjsIDoAQ&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA
Method and apparatus for transporting parcels of data using network elements ...Tal Lavian Ph.D.
A network element with network element storage and independent intelligence may be configured to provide temporary mass storage to facilitate the transfer of large files across an optical network. The network element may also be provided with intelligence to enable the network element to maintain a higher level understanding of the data flows. Using network element storage enables network elements involved in data transmission across the network to temporarily store data being transferred on the network. This allows parcels of data to be transmitted part way through the network when a complete path through the network is not available. It also allows data to be aggregated at strategic locations on the network, such as at the location of a transmission bandwidth mismatch, to enable the data to be transmitted over the high capacity optical resource at a higher rate, thus more efficiently utilizing the bandwidth on the higher bandwidth resource.
https://www.google.com/patents/US20050083960?dq=20050083960&hl=en&sa=X&ei=lOFVVKTyCo24uATp1IH4AQ&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA
Method and apparatus for automated negotiation for resources on a switched un...Tal Lavian Ph.D.
A resource negotiation service is provided to enable business logic decisions to be made when obtaining switched underlay network resources, to interface business logic with network conditions and schedules. The resource negotiation service may be implemented as a web service or other network service to enable business logic to be used in the selection of available network resources. This may allow policy to be used on both the subscriber side and the network provider side to optimize network resource allocations for a proposed transfer. The policy may include subscriber policy, network policy, and other factors such as current and expected network conditions. The resource negotiation service may include an interface to enable existing subscribers and new customers to obtain switched underlay resources.
https://www.google.com/patents/US20050076339?dq=20050076339&hl=en&sa=X&ei=8eFVVKDeHsOIuAT2soCAAg&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA
Network resources allocated for particular application traffic are aware of the characteristics of L4+ content to be transmitted. One embodiment of the invention realizes network resource allocation in terms of three intelligent modules, gateway, provisioning and classification. A gateway module exerts network control functions in response to application requests for network resources. The network control functions include traffic path setup, bandwidth allocation and so on. Characteristics of the content are also specified in the received application network resource requests. Under request of the gateway module, a provisioning module allocates network resources such as bandwidth in optical networks and edge devices as well. An optical network resource allocation leads to a provisioning optical route. Under request of the gateway module, a classification module differentiates applications traffic according to content specifications, and thus creates and applies content-aware rule data for edge devices to forward content-specified traffic towards respective provisioning optical routes.
https://www.google.com/patents/US20090279562?dq=20090279562&hl=en&sa=X&ei=FMtTVMy2M4PPmwXo3oCgDQ&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA
Network resources allocated for particular application traffic are aware of the characteristics of L4+ content to be transmitted. One embodiment of the invention realizes network resource allocation in terms of three intelligent modules, gateway, provisioning and classification. A gateway module exerts network control functions in response to application requests for network resources. The network control functions include traffic path setup, bandwidth allocation and so on. Characteristics of the content are also specified in the received application network resource requests. Under request of the gateway module, a provisioning module allocates network resources such as bandwidth in optical networks and edge devices as well. An optical network resource allocation leads to a provisioning optical route. Under request of the gateway module, a classification module differentiates applications traffic according to content specifications, and thus creates and applies content-aware rule data for edge devices to forward content-specified traffic towards respective provisioning optical routes.
https://www.google.com/patents/US7580349?dq=US+7580349&hl=en&sa=X&ei=DXVSVID-EoTc8AW-_IDwBw&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA
Various embodiments allow Grid applications to access resources shared in communication network domains. Grid Proxy Architecture for Network Resources (GPAN) bridges Grid services serving user applications and network services controlling network devices through proxy functions. At times, GPAN employs distributed network service peers (NSP) in network domains to discover, negotiate and allocate network resources for Grid applications. An elected master NSP is the unique Grid node that runs GPAN and represents the whole network to share network resources to Grids without Grid involvement of network devices. GPAN provides the Grid Proxy service (GPS) to interface with Grid services and applications, and the Grid Delegation service (GDS) to interface with network services to utilize network resources. In some cases, resource-based XML messaging can be employed for the GPAN proxy communication.
Secure remote protocol for fpga reconfigurationeSAT Journals
Abstract In most of the wireless sensor network nodes main functionality in software are implemented using CPU. Since total energy consumption of periodic measurement and network listening are considerably increased. In order to tackle this problem novel reconfigurable peripheral blocks are introduced into the WSN. For ultra-low-power sensor networks, finite state machines are used for simple tasks where the system’s microprocessor would be overqualified. This FSM unit autonomously handles simple sub-tasks of the periodic activities, Microprocessor to remain in a sleep state, thus saving energy. This work presents for implementing transition based reconfigurable FSM Keywords: - Finite State Machine (FSM), Reconfiguration, Wireless Sensor Network (WSN).
Similar to Method and apparatus for intelligent management of a network element (20)
A system for providing ultra low phase noise frequency synthesizers using Fractional-N PLL (Phase Lock Loop), Sampling Reference PLL and DDS (Direct Digital Synthesizer). Modern day advanced communication systems comprise frequency synthesizers that provide a frequency output signal to other parts of the transmitter and receiver so as to enable the system to operate at the set frequency band. The performance of the frequency synthesizer determines the performance of the communication link. Current days advanced communication systems comprises single loop Frequency synthesizers which are not completely able to provide lower phase deviations for errors (For 256 QAM the practical phase deviation for no errors is 0.4-0.5°) which would enable users to receive high data rate. This proposed system overcomes deficiencies of current generation state of the art communication systems by providing much lower level of phase deviation error which would result in much higher modulation schemes and high data rate.
A system for providing ultra low phase noise frequency synthesizers using Fractional-N PLL (Phase Lock Loop), Sampling Reference PLL and DDS (Direct Digital Synthesizer). Modern day advanced communication systems comprise frequency synthesizers that provide a frequency output signal to other parts of the transmitter and receiver so as to enable the system to operate at the set frequency band. The performance of the frequency synthesizer determines the performance of the communication link. Current days advanced communication systems comprises single loop Frequency synthesizers which are not completely able to provide lower phase deviations for errors (For 256 QAM the practical phase deviation for no errors is 0.4-0.5°) which would enable users to receive high data rate. This proposed system overcomes deficiencies of current generation state of the art communication systems by providing much lower level of phase deviation error which would result in much higher modulation schemes and high data rate.
Embodiments of the present invention present a method and apparatus for photonic line sharing for high-speed routers. Photonic switches receive high-speed optical data streams and produce the data streams to a router operating according to routing logic and produce optical data streams according to destination addresses stored in the data packets. Each photonic switch can be configured as one of a 1:N multiplexer or an M:N cross-connect switch. In one embodiment, optical data is converted to electrical data prior to routing, while an alternate embodiment routes only optical data. Another embodiment transfers large volumes of high-speed data through an optical bypass line in a circuit switched network to bypass the switch fabric thereby routing the data packets directly to the destination. An edge device selects one of the packet switched network or the circuit switched network. The bypass resources are released when the large volume of high-speed data is transferred.
Systems and methods to support sharing and exchanging in a networkTal Lavian Ph.D.
Embodiments of the invention provide for providing support for sharing and exchanging in a network. The system includes a memory coupled to a processor. The memory includes a database comprising information corresponding to first users and the second users. Each of the first users and the second users are facilitated for sharing or exchanging activity, service or product, based on one or more conditions corresponding thereto. Further, the memory includes one or more instructions executable by the processor to match each of the first users to at least one of the second users. Furthermore, the instructions may inform each of the first users about the match with the at least one of the second users when all the conditions are met by the at least one second user based on the information corresponding to each of the second users.
Systems and methods for visual presentation and selection of IVR menuTal Lavian Ph.D.
Embodiments of the invention provide a system for generating an Interactive Voice Response (IVR) database, the system comprising a processor and a memory coupled to the processor. The memory comprising a list of telephone numbers associated with one or more destinations implementing IVR menus, wherein the one or more destinations are grouped based on a plurality of categories of the IVR menus. Further the memory includes instructions executable by said processor for automatically communicating with the one of more destinations, and receiving at least one customization record from said at least one destination to store in the IVR database.
Various embodiments allow Grid applications to access resources shared in communication network domains. Grid Proxy Architecture for Network Resources (GPAN) bridges Grid services serving user applications and network services controlling network devices through proxy functions. At times, GPAN employs distributed network service peers (NSP) in network domains to discover, negotiate and allocate network resources for Grid applications. An elected master NSP is the unique Grid node that runs GPAN and represents the whole network to share network resources to Grids without Grid involvement of network devices. GPAN provides the Grid Proxy service (GPS) to interface with Grid services and applications, and the Grid Delegation service (GDS) to interface with network services to utilize network resources. In some cases, resource-based XML messaging can be employed for the GPAN proxy communication.
A system for providing ultra low phase noise frequency synthesizers using Fractional-N PLL (Phase Lock Loop), Sampling Reference PLL and DDS (Direct Digital Synthesizer). Modern day advanced communication systems comprise frequency synthesizers that provide a frequency output signal to other parts of the transmitter and receiver so as to enable the system to operate at the set frequency band. The performance of the frequency synthesizer determines the performance of the communication link. Current days advanced communication systems comprises single loop Frequency synthesizers which are not completely able to provide lower phase deviations for errors (For 256 QAM the practical phase deviation for no errors is 0.4-0.5°) which would enable users to receive high data rate. This proposed system overcomes deficiencies of current generation state of the art communication systems by providing much lower level of phase deviation error which would result in much higher modulation schemes and high data rate.
Systems and methods for electronic communicationsTal Lavian Ph.D.
Embodiments of the invention provide a system for enhancing user interaction with the Internet of Things. The system includes a processor, and a memory coupled to the processor. The memory includes a database having one or more options corresponding to each of the Internet of Things. The memory further includes instructions executable by the processor to share at least one of the one or more options with one or more users of the things. Further, the instructions receive information corresponding to selection of the at least one option by the one or more users. Additionally, the instructions update the database based on the selection of the at least one option by the one or more users. Further, a device for enhancing interaction with the things is also disclosed.
A system for providing ultra low phase noise frequency synthesizers using Fractional-N PLL (Phase Lock Loop), Sampling Reference PLL and DDS (Direct Digital Synthesizer). Modern day advanced communication systems comprise frequency synthesizers that provide a frequency output signal to other parts of the transmitter and receiver so as to enable the system to operate at the set frequency band. The performance of the frequency synthesizer determines the performance of the communication link. Current days advanced communication systems comprises single loop Frequency synthesizers which are not completely able to provide lower phase deviations for errors (For 256 QAM the practical phase deviation for no errors is 0.4-0.5°) which would enable users to receive high data rate. This proposed system overcomes deficiencies of current generation state of the art communication systems by providing much lower level of phase deviation error which would result in much higher modulation schemes and high data rate.
A system for providing ultra low phase noise frequency synthesizers using Fractional-N PLL (Phase Lock Loop), Sampling Reference PLL and DDS (Direct Digital Synthesizer). Modern day advanced communication systems comprise frequency synthesizers that provide a frequency output signal to other parts of the transmitter and receiver so as to enable the system to operate at the set frequency band. The performance of the frequency synthesizer determines the performance of the communication link. Current days advanced communication systems comprises single loop Frequency synthesizers which are not completely able to provide lower phase deviations for errors (For 256 QAM the practical phase deviation for no errors is 0.4-0.5°) which would enable users to receive high data rate. This proposed system overcomes deficiencies of current generation state of the art communication systems by providing much lower level of phase deviation error which would result in much higher modulation schemes and high data rate.
Radar target detection system for autonomous vehicles with ultra-low phase no...Tal Lavian Ph.D.
An object detection system for autonomous vehicle, comprising a radar unit and at least one ultra-low phase noise frequency synthesizer, is provided. The radar unit configured for detecting the presence and characteristics of one or more objects in various directions. The radar unit may include a transmitter for transmitting at least one radio signal; and a receiver for receiving the at least one radio signal returned from the one or more objects. The ultra-low phase noise frequency synthesizer may utilize Clocking device, Sampling Reference PLL, at least one fixed frequency divider, DDS and main PLL to reduce phase noise from the returned radio signal. This proposed system overcomes deficiencies of current generation state of the art Radar Systems by providing much lower level of phase noise which would result in improved performance of the radar system in terms of target detection, characterization etc. Further, a method for autonomous vehicle is also disclosed.
Method and apparatus for scheduling resources on a switched underlay networkTal Lavian Ph.D.
A method and apparatus for resource scheduling on a switched underlay network (18) enables coordination, scheduling, and scheduling optimization to take place taking into account the availability of the data and the network resources comprising the switched underlay network (18). Requested transfers may be fulfilled by assessing the requested transfer parameters, the availability of the network resources required to fulfill the request, the availability of the data to be transferred, the availability of sufficient storage resources to receive the data, and other potentially conflicting requested transfers. In one embodiment, the requests are under-constrained to enable transfer scheduling optimization to occur. The under-constrained nature of the requests enable transfer scheduling optimization to occur. The under-constrained nature of the requests enables requests to be scheduled taking into account factors such as transfer priority, transfer duration, the amount of time it has been since the transfer request was submitted, and many other factors.
Dynamic assignment of traffic classes to a priority queue in a packet forward...Tal Lavian Ph.D.
An apparatus and method for dynamic assignment of classes of traffic to a priority queue. Bandwidth consumption by one or more types of packet traffic received in the packet forwarding device is monitored to determine whether the bandwidth consumption exceeds a threshold. If the bandwidth consumption exceeds the threshold, assignment of at least one type of packet traffic of the one or more types of packet traffic is changed from a queue having a first priority to a queue having a second priority.
Method and apparatus for using a command design pattern to access and configu...Tal Lavian Ph.D.
An XML accessible network device is capable of performing functions in response to an XML encoded request transmitted over a network. It includes a network data transfer service, coupled to a network, that is capable of receiving XML encoded requests from a client also connected to the network. A service engine is capable of understanding and parsing the XML encoded requests according to a corresponding DTD. The service engine further instantiates a service using parameters provided in the XML encoded request and launches the service for execution on the network device in accordance with a command design parameter. A set of device APIs interacts with hardware and software on the network device for executing the requested service on the network device. If necessary, a response is further collected from the device and provided to the client in a response message.
Embodiments of the invention provide means to the users of the system to provide ratings and corresponding feedback for enhancing the genuineness in the ratings. The system includes a memory coupled to a processor. The memory includes one or more instructions executable by the processor to enable the users of the system to rate each other based on at least one of sharing, exchanging, and selling one of activity, service or product. The system may provide a mechanism to encourage genuineness in ratings provided by the users. Furthermore, the instructions facilitate the rating receivers to provide feedbacks corresponding to the received ratings. The feedback includes accepting or objecting to a particular rating. Moreover, the memory includes instructions executable by the processor to enable the system to determine genuineness of an objection raised by a rating receiver.
Embodiments of the present invention provide a system for enhancing reliability in computation of ratings provided by a user over a social network. The system comprises of a processor and a memory coupled to the processor. The memory further comprises a rater score database, a satisfaction database, a social network registration database, a user profile database, and a plurality of instruction executable by the processor. Said instructions in the memory are enabled to accept a message from at least one user wherein said message comprises a satisfaction score associated with at least one service provider and to retrieve a rater score associated with said at least one user from said rater score database. Further, the memory includes instructions in order to compute a new satisfaction score based on said rater score and said satisfaction score and update said satisfaction database to include said new satisfaction score. In a similar manner, the new satisfaction score can be computed based upon the information stored in the social network registration database and user profile database.
Systems and methods for visual presentation and selection of ivr menuTal Lavian Ph.D.
Embodiments of the invention provide a system for generating an Interactive Voice Response (IVR) database, the system comprising a processor and a memory coupled to the processor. The memory comprising a list of telephone numbers associated with one or more destinations implementing IVR menus, wherein the one or more destinations are grouped based on a plurality of categories of the IVR menus. Further the memory includes instructions executable by said processor for automatically communicating with the one of more destinations, and receiving at least one customization record from said at least one destination to store in the IVR database.
A system for providing ultra low phase noise frequency synthesizers using Fractional-N PLL (Phase Lock Loop), Sampling Reference PLL and DDS (Direct Digital Synthesizer). Modern day advanced communication systems comprise frequency synthesizers that provide a frequency output signal to other parts of the transmitter and receiver so as to enable the system to operate at the set frequency band. The performance of the frequency synthesizer determines the performance of the communication link. Current days advanced communication systems comprises single loop Frequency synthesizers which are not completely able to provide lower phase deviations for errors (For 256 QAM the practical phase deviation for no errors is 0.4-0.5°) which would enable users to receive high data rate. This proposed system overcomes deficiencies of current generation state of the art communication systems by providing much lower level of phase deviation error which would result in much higher modulation schemes and high data rate.
A system for providing ultra low phase noise frequency synthesizers using Fractional-N PLL (Phase Lock Loop), Sampling Reference PLL and DDS (Direct Digital Synthesizer). Modern day advanced communication systems comprise frequency synthesizers that provide a frequency output signal to other parts of the transmitter and receiver so as to enable the system to operate at the set frequency band. The performance of the frequency synthesizer determines the performance of the communication link. Current days advanced communication systems comprises single loop Frequency synthesizers which are not completely able to provide lower phase deviations for errors (For 256 QAM the practical phase deviation for no errors is 0.4-0.5°) which would enable users to receive high data rate. This proposed system overcomes deficiencies of current generation state of the art communication systems by providing much lower level of phase deviation error which would result in much higher modulation schemes and high data rate.
Systens and Methods For Electronic CommunicationTal Lavian Ph.D.
Embodiments of the invention provide a system for enhancing user interaction with the Internet of Things in a network. The system includes a processor, and a memory. The memory includes a database including one or more options corresponding to each of the Internet of Things. Further, the memory includes instructions executable by the processor for providing the options to a user for enabling the user to select at least one option therefrom. Further, the instructions create a visual menu based on information corresponding to selection of the at least one option. The visual menu includes one or more objects corresponding to the Internet of Things. Furthermore, the instructions receive a rating for the visual menu from one or more second users of the Internet of Things. Additionally, instructions customize the visual menu based on the received rating.
Building a Raspberry Pi Robot with Dot NET 8, Blazor and SignalR - Slides Onl...Peter Gallagher
In this session delivered at Leeds IoT, I talk about how you can control a 3D printed Robot Arm with a Raspberry Pi, .NET 8, Blazor and SignalR.
I also show how you can use a Unity app on an Meta Quest 3 to control the arm VR too.
You can find the GitHub repo and workshop instructions here;
https://bit.ly/dotnetrobotgithub
Google Calendar is a versatile tool that allows users to manage their schedules and events effectively. With Google Calendar, you can create and organize calendars, set reminders for important events, and share your calendars with others. It also provides features like creating events, inviting attendees, and accessing your calendar from mobile devices. Additionally, Google Calendar allows you to embed calendars in websites or platforms like SlideShare, making it easier for others to view and interact with your schedules.
Method and apparatus for intelligent management of a network element
1. US007734748B1
(12) Ulllted States Patent (10) Patent N0.: US 7,734,748 B1
Durairaj et a]. (45) Date of Patent: Jun. 8, 2010
(54) METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR 6,535,924 B1 * 3/2003 Kwok et a1. .............. .. 709/242
INTELLIGENT MANAGEMENT ()EA 7,111,201 B2 * 9/2006 Largman et a1. .. 714/36
NETWORK ELEMENT 7,137,034 B2 * 11/2006 Largman et al. .. 714/23
7,359,993 B1 * 4/2008 Durairaj et al. 709/250
>i< (75) Inventors: Ramesh Durairaj, Santa Clara’ CA 2003/0079055 A1 4/2003 Chen ........................... .. 710/1
(US); Tal Lavian, Sunnyvale, CA (U S); OTHER PUBLICATIONS
Phil Yonghui Wang: Nepean (CA) Mumoto, EnZo et al. “A Hard Real-Time Kernel for Motorola
_ Microcontrollers”. 23rd Int. Conf. Information Technology Inter
(73) Ass1gnee: Nortel Networks Limited, St Laurent, faces 1T1 2001, Jun, 2001,1313, 75.80%
Quebec (CA) * cited by examiner
( * ) Notice: Subject' to any disclaimer, the term of this Primary Examineriph?ip J Chea
Patent 15 extended Or adlusted under 35 (74) Attorney, Agent, or FirmiAnderson Gorecki &
U.S.C. 154(b) by 1534 days. Manaras LLP
(21) Appl. No.: 10/678,705 (57) ABSTRACT
(22) F?ed; Oct, 3, 2003 A network element (NE) includes an intelligent interface (II)
with its own operating environment rendering it active during
(51) Int. C1. the NE boot process, and with separate intelligence allowing
G06F 11/00 (2006.01) it to take actions on the NE prior to, during, and after the boot
G06F 15/177 (2006.01) process. The combination of independent operation and
G06F 15/173 (2006.01) increased intelligence provides enhanced management
G06F 3/00 (2006.01) opportunities to enable the NE to be controlled throughout the
(52) US. Cl. ......................... .. 709/223; 710/23; 714/23; boot process and after completion of the boot process. For
709/220; 709/221; 709/222; 709/224 example, ?les may be uploaded to the NE before or during the
(58) Field of Classi?cation Search ....... .. 709/220424; beetpreeess Ie restan the NE from a neW Software image The
710/23; 714/23 II allows this downloading process to occur in parallel on
See application ?le for Complete Search history multiple NEs from a centralized storage resource. Diagnostic
_ checks may be run on the NE, and ?les, and MIB information,
(56) References Clted and other data may be transmitted from the II to enable a
Us‘ PATENT DOCUMENTS network manager to more effectively manage the NE.
6,311,321 B1 * 10/2001 Agnihotri et al. ......... .. 717/120 16 Claims, 3 Drawing Sheets
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5. US 7,734,748 B1
1
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR
INTELLIGENT MANAGEMENT OF A
NETWORK ELEMENT
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED
APPLICATIONS
This application is related to an application entitled
Method And Apparatus For Interfacing External Resources
With A Network Element, ?led on even date herewith, Appl.
Ser. No. 10/678,704, the content of which is hereby incorpo
rated herein by reference.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to network elements and,
more particularly, to a method and apparatus for intelligent
management of a network element.
2. Description of the Related Art
Data communication networks may include various, hubs,
switches, routers, and other network devices, interconnected
and con?gured to handle data as it passes through the net
work. These devices will be referred to herein as “network
elements.” Data is communicated through the data commu
nication network by passing data packets (or cells, frames, or
segments) between the network elements by utiliZing one or
more communication links. A particular packet may be
handled by multiple network elements and cross multiple
communication links as it travels between its source and its
destination over the network.
Network elements occasionally encounter failure due to a
hardware problem or, more commonly, due to a problem with
software that has been loaded onto the network element to
enable the network element to perform advanced functions,
such as switching, routing, ?ltering, and policing functions.
The failure may be recoverable, i.e. may be one from which
the network element may be restarted over the network. Cer
tain instances of network element failure, however, are not
recoverable and may even require a new software image to be
loaded onto the network element. Similarly, routine updates
to increase the functionality or reliability of the network
element may require a new software image to be loaded onto
the network element.
Conventional network elements contain a RS232 interface,
or an equivalent interface, to enable a network engineer or
other person to interface a laptop computer to the network
element. Where the interface to the network element is an
RS232 interface operating at 9.6 Kilobits per second (Kb/s),
uploading a new image to the network element may take a
considerable amount of time, especially as software images
used by network elements have become increasingly large to
accommodate the enhanced functionality expected of modern
network elements. Indeed, given the siZe of current software
images, which sometimes exceed 10 s of Mbytes, even where
a RS232C port operating at 115 Kb/ s is utiliZed, loading a new
software image to the network element may take a consider
able amount of time.
More importantly, a standard RS232 or RS232C interface
requires the network element to be operational before access
to the network element may be obtained. Management of the
network element over a communications network, while
faster than using a standard RS232 port, is likewise generally
impossible in the event of network device failure. For
example, where port 162/udp (or another network port) is
used to enable a network element to be controlled using
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP), network
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element failure generally renders the network element’s
Management Information Base (MIB) inaccessible. Simi
larly, an Ethernet port is generally not operable without a full
TCP protocol stack. Where the network device is experienc
ing failure, it may not be possible to load a full TCP stack, thus
rendering the Ethernet management port largely useless. This
prevents information associated with the failure from being
accessible to the management station when it is needed
most4during the failure. Accordingly, conventional ports
cannot in many situations help a network manager identify
and ?x problems on network elements without rebooting the
network element and trying to recreate or trace, after the fact,
the cause of the fault.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention overcomes these and other draw
backs by providing a method and apparatus for intelligent
management of a network element. According to an embodi
ment of the invention, a network element includes an intelli
gent interface that has its own microkemel to enable it to be
active during the boot process before the network element has
entered an operational state, and separate intelligence to
enable it to take actions on the network element and interface
with the network element prior to, during, and after the boot
process. The combination of increased intelligence and inde
pendent operation provide enhanced management opportuni
ties to enable the network element to be controlled before and
during the boot process, as well as after the boot process has
completed and the network element has begun operations in a
run time environment.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Aspects of the present invention are pointed out with par
ticularity in the appended claims. The present invention is
illustrated by way of example in the following drawings in
which like references indicate similar elements. The follow
ing drawings disclose various embodiments of the present
invention for purposes of illustration only and are not
intended to limit the scope of the invention. For purposes of
clarity, not every component may be labeled in every ?gure.
In the ?gures:
FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram of an example of a
communication network architecture;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a rack containing network
elements according to one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram of several network
elements connected to both a data network and a management
network according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a functional block diagram of a network element
containing an intelligent interface according to an embodi
ment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a functional block diagram of a network element
containing an intelligent interface connected to external
resources according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a functional block diagram of a software environ
ment that may be con?gured to run on an intelligent interface
according to an embodiment of the invention; and
FIG. 7 is a functional block diagram of software that may
be con?gured to implement a port interface module for use in
the software environment of FIG. 6 according to an embodi
ment of the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The following detailed description sets forth numerous
speci?c details to provide a thorough understanding of the
6. US 7,734,748 B1
3
invention. However, those skilled in the art Will appreciate
that the invention may be practiced Without these speci?c
details. In other instances, Well-knoWn methods, procedures,
components, protocols, algorithms, and circuits have not
been described in detail so as not to obscure the invention.
As described in greater detail beloW, according to an
embodiment of the invention, an intelligent interface for a
netWork element includes a processing environment to enable
the intelligent interface to boot With, or separately from, the
netWork element. By providing an intelligent interface With
the ability to boot separately from the netWork element, the
intelligent interface may be made available during the boot
process or Where the netWork element is not capable of boot
ing so that it can alter and monitor the boot process and to
control the netWork element during the boot process. The
intelligent interface may also be utiliZed to enhance the opera
tional capabilities of the netWork element by providing access
to additional resources such as external storage, security ser
vices, and other external resources.
Providing an intelligent interface With its oWn processing
capability and an external communication port enables soft
Ware to be uploaded to the netWork element during the boot
process before restarting the netWork element, for example,
With a neW boot softWare image. Similarly, log ?les, Manage
ment Information Base (MIB) variables, and other data asso
ciated With the netWork element may be doWnloaded through
the intelligent interface to a netWork manager in order to more
effectively manage the netWork element.
The availability of the external port also makes it possible
to run diagnostic checks on the netWork element during the
boot process. For example, a netWork administrator may run
traps or vieW variables indicative of actions being performed
by the netWork element during the boot process. Providing
the ability to vieW the boot process from an outside perspec
tive may provide the netWork administrator With insight as to
the likely source(s) of a problem that may be causing the
netWork element to malfunction.
The netWork element may be interfaced over the intelligent
interface by a netWork engineer using a laptop computer.
Alternatively, the netWork element may be connected over the
intelligent interface to a separate management netWork,
Which is not a part of the data transport netWork served by the
netWork element. In this embodiment, it is possible to
enhance management functionality by securing, or separat
ing, the management traf?c from data netWork tra?ic. This
enhances netWork security since it prevents the netWork ele
ment from being controlled over the netWork by spurious
instructions from unauthorized or unintentioned individuals.
Further, separating the management function from the data
transport netWork enables enhanced management activities to
take place. For example, connecting netWork elements
together in a management area netWork enables a softWare
image to be loaded locally onto a central image storage area.
That image can then be retrieved, periodically or during the
boot process, by the intelligent interface and used in the boot
process of the netWork element. Accordingly, utiliZation of a
separate management netWork facilitates deployment of neW
softWare images simultaneously to multiple netWork ele
ments through their intelligent interfaces.
Additionally, While the netWork element is running, a neW
softWare image may be doWnloaded to the netWork element
and stored in the intelligent interface. This neW softWare
image can then be used during a subsequent reboot to accel
erate the loading of a neW softWare image onto the netWork
element and minimiZe the doWn-time associated With per
forming the softWare image upgrade. By connecting the intel
ligent interface With a central management console, a new
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softWare image may be upgraded to netWork elements
throughout the netWork by loading the image on the netWork
management console and instructing the management con
sole to transmit the neW image to the connected intelligent
interfaces, or instructing the intelligent interfaces to request a
neW image from the management console.
In the intelligent interface, a separate processing environ
ment enables the intelligent interface to take actions on the
netWork element before, during, and after the netWork ele
ment has become fully active. This enables the intelligent
interface to store information for use by the netWork element
and to control the netWork element. This also enables the
intelligent interface to look at the internal con?guration of the
netWork element more closely to provide insight into hoW the
netWork element is performing under normal operating con
ditions, Which might be signi?cantly different than hoW the
netWork element performed in simulated setups in the labo
ratory during development. Using an intelligent interface
enabled to act on its oWn, and With enough speed to commu
nicate With a central management system enables real-time
debugging and may result in better performance and neW
enhancements .
The intelligent interface of the netWork element in addition
to being useful in connection With and during the boot pro
cess, may also be utiliZed during run-time to enhance the
features of the netWork element. For example, the intelligent
interface may serve as an interface to external storage, central
logging facilities, security services, and many other external
resources.
NetWork elements that are provided With storage facilities
generally utiliZe a relatively loW volume storage facility, such
as a Personal Computer Memory Card International Associa
tion (PCMCIA)-based storage card. Some high end netWork
elements also include built-in hard disc storage facilities. By
enabling the intelligent interface to provide access to external
storage, additional storage resources can be made accessible
to the netWork element. The external storage may be any
commercially available conventional USB-based storage
solution. The extra storage can help the netWork element
maintain alternate softWare images and con?guration ?les,
runtime log ?les, local statistics collection information, and
many other types of information.
One recent trend is to maintain logs su?icient to trace
Whether a particular packet has been handled by a netWork
element. Although hash functions and other compression
techniques are used to maintain records of Which packets
have been handled by the netWork element, the sheer number
of packets handled by a netWork element necessitates the
netWork element to have access to a large capacity storage
resource. Enabling the intelligent interface to transmit log
information via its external storage port enables much of this
data, Which generally Will not be used by the netWork element
once created, to be exported to mass external storage solu
tions.
Another protocol that requires signi?cant storage capabili
ties is Remote MONitoring (RMON) Which is an extension to
SNMP that enables alarms to be generated based on statistical
analysis of traf?c conditions, including speci?c types of
errors. RMON 2 can also monitor the kinds of application
traf?c that How through the netWork. Due to the comprehen
siveness of the capabilities of RMON, the storage require
ments can get quite intensive. Providing external storage,
through the intelligent interface, enables enhanced RMON
monitoring to take place. Additionally, the alarm and statis
tics monitoring can take place external to the netWork element
to further simplify the softWare image required on the net
Work element.
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According to one embodiment of the invention, the intel
li gent interface may serve as an interface to external resources
during the run-time of the netWork element. For example, the
intelligent interface may serve as an interface to external data
storage so that additional storage may be provided to the
netWork element When the port is not in use as a management
interface. In this embodiment, the intelligent interface may be
made to look like a standard memory resource to the netWork
element, even though it is in actuality an access to an external
memory resource. This enables external storage, such as a
disc or an array of discs, to be used to supplement the standard
?ash memory resident in many netWork elements. Optionally,
several netWork elements may be connected via the intelli
gent interface to a common storage facility, a resources area
netWork, or to a storage area netWork.
According to another embodiment of the invention, the
intelligent interface may also be used to log events occurring
during runtime, at a netWork outage, or While the netWork
element is being interfaced in a management context. Typi
cally, netWork events are logged by transferring information
over the netWork. When the netWork is doWn, it may not be
possible to log events through TCP transmissions. Addition
ally, the small amount of memory resident in a conventional
netWork element that has been allocated to logging events
may be insuf?cient, thus providing a potential security lapse
and limiting the usefulness of the logging facility. UtiliZing
the intelligent interface to log events during runtime or during
a netWork outage enhances the security of the netWork ele
ments by alloWing greater numbers of events to be logged and
by disassociating logging from the status of the communica
tions netWork on the netWork element is designed to operate.
Additionally, Where the intelligent interface is connected to a
management area netWork or a resources netWork, since the
intelligent interface is active and transmitting information on
a netWork other than the netWork that is experiencing a fail
ure, the log may be made available during netWork outages.
Enabling enhanced security is also important for a netWork
element. Current security mechanisms generally involve a
passWord, SNMP access string, Remote Authentication Dial
In User Service (RADIUS)-based access mechanisms, or the
use of Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA)-based access mecha
nisms available from commercial vendors such as RSA secu
rity. By providing an intelligent interface, it is possible to
interface these or other enhanced security services to the
netWork element, such as biometric or token-based security
services. This also alloWs security functionality to be off
loaded from the netWork element to another device or to the
intelligent interface itself, so that the resources of the netWork
element may be more fully utiliZed to perform netWork
sWitching and routing functions. Other functions such as
interaction With external environment sensor monitors, e.g.
?re sensors, for initiating a disaster recovery operation pre
emptively and intelligently may be performed as Well, and the
invention is not limited to an intelligent interface con?gured
to implement only the above-described functions.
The physical interface of the external port of the intelligent
interface, in one embodiment, is designed to be considerably
faster than a standard RS232 port, to facilitate doWnloading
larger softWare images to the netWork element and transfer
ring larger volumes of data from the netWork element. For
example, the physical interface may be based on one of the
Universal Serial Bus (USB) standards, such as USB 1.0 con
?gured to operate at 1.5 Megabits per second (Mb/ s), USB 1.1
con?gured to operate at 12 Mb/s, or USB 2.0 con?gured to
operate at 480 Mb/ s. The invention is not limited to imple
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mentation of one of these three USB standards, hoWever, as
other data transfer rates may be used as Well, especially as
technology develops.
The intelligent interface may include independent memory
to further enhance the capabilities of the intelligent interface
by enabling information such as a neW softWare image to be
stored in the intelligent interface. Storing a neW softWare
image in the independent memory subsystem of the intelli
gent interface alloWs an updated image or a backup (last
knoWn good image) to be stored and utiliZed in the event of a
corruption in the main softWare image in use on the netWork
element. The memory subsystem of the intelligent interface
may be used during run-time to catch and store state infor
mation associated With ?oWs being handled by the netWork
element, to catch and store a back-up softWare image for use
in the event that there is an error encountered by the netWork
element, or to store many other pieces of information doWn
loaded to the netWork element or generated by the netWork
element. For example, the memory subsystem may store a
copy of the Management Information Base (MIB) to make a
history of MIB variables available in a run-time environment,
as Well as making the MIB available for inspection in the
event of a netWork element failure.
The intelligent interface may include its oWn source of
poWer, such as a battery, fuel cell, or other electric poWer
supply, to enable it to be used in situations Where poWer is not
available from the netWork element. For example, it may be
desirable to be able to load softWare onto the netWork ele
ment, store the softWare in Random Access Memory (Which
requires poWer to maintain its content) and then install the
netWork element on the communications netWork. Providing
an independent source of poWer enables the software to be
loaded and stored on the netWork element before the netWork
element is plugged into a poWer supply or booted, and hence
a softWare image may be pre-loaded on the netWork element.
It also enhances the Hot-standby and fail-over recovery func
tions as it enables information stored in the netWork element
to be retrieved after a poWer failure, Which could otherWise
cause the netWork element to lose information such as state
information associated With services being provided by the
netWork element, and management information stored in the
netWork element’s MIB. Maintaining the state information
may alloW the netWork device to be brought up more quickly
after a poWer failure, and may enable the connections ser
viced by the netWork device to be more quickly restored once
the netWork device is brought into an operational condition.
Additionally, Where the netWork element has a corrupted
image and is unable to boot, providing a separate poWer
supply enables the softWare image to be corrected or replaced
even Where, for example, it Would otherWise be impossible to
access the softWare image since the netWork element Will not
alloW the netWork processor to be supplied With poWer.
FIG. 1 illustrates a simpli?ed example of a communication
netWork 10. As illustrated in FIG. 1, subscribers 12 access the
netWork 10 by interfacing With a netWork element such as an
edge router 14 or other construct typically operated by an
entity such as an intemet service provider, telephone com
pany, or other connectivity provider. The edge router collects
traf?c from the subscribers and multiplexes the tra?ic onto
the netWork backbone, Which includes multiple routers/
sWitches 16 connected together. Through an appropriate use
of protocols and exchanges, data may be exchanged With
other subscribers or resources may be accessed and passed to
the subscribers 12.
Often, a netWork provider Will maintain a central of?ce or
other processing facility in Which multiple netWork elements
are housed together in a rack. FIG. 2 illustrates one embodi
8. US 7,734,748 B1
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ment of a rack that may be used to house several network
elements. As shown in FIG. 2, a rack 20 is typically con?g
ured with mounting strips 22 on either side such that multiple
network elements 24 may be housed in the rack 20. By ver
tically stacking network elements 24 in this manner, it is
possible to increase the number of network elements 24 that
may be housed in a given room while optionally enabling
shared power distribution and other sundry bene?ts. The
physical proximity of network elements according to an
embodiment of the invention provides an opportunity to cre
ate a management area network or resources network as
described in greater detail below. The network elements may
be edge routers 14, router/servers 16, or other network ele
ments con?gured to operate or perform speci?c functions on
the communications network 10.
FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a resources/management
area network interconnecting network elements with a shared
external resources such as storage resources or a management
station. The shared external resources may be contained in the
rack 20, or maintained in another convenient location. The
network elements are also connected to a data network con
?gured to handle tra?ic pas sing through the network elements
and the router/ switch. As shown in FIG. 3, edge routers 14, or
other network elements, may be connected to two networks.
Speci?cally, as shown in FIG. 3, the network elements may be
connected through data ports 26 to one or more network
elements con?gured to operate in a data communications
network 10, and may be connected through intelligent inter
faces 28 to shared external resources 30 over a network 32. In
the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3 the network 32 involves
point-point connections between the shared external
resources 30 and the managed network elements 14. The
invention is not limited to this embodiment as the network 32
may be more extensive, itself involving network elements
con?gured to switch/route traf?c. The shared external
resources may be an external memory, security device, a
management station, or any combination of these and other
external resources.
FIG. 4 illustrates one example of a network element. In the
embodiment of FIG. 4, packets are received at the MAC/
PHYsical interface 40, assembled, and passed to a network
processor 42. The network element may have multiple net
work processors as shown, or a single network processor
depending on its design. The invention is not limited to any
particularly con?gured network element. The network pro
cessor 42 performs various operations on the packets, such as
?ltering, and policing, and makes forwarding/ switching deci
sions based on the header information contained in the
packet. The packets are then passed to the switch fabric inter
face 44 and through the switch fabric 46 which directs the
packets within the network element so that they can subse
quently exit the network element via an appropriate MAC/
PHY interface. Optionally, the packets may be sent back
through the network processor 42 a second time to enable the
network element to perform additional operations on the
packets, such as queuing, disassembly, and other standard
operations.
The network processors contain control logic 48 con?g
ured to enable the network processors to implement a pro
cessing environment, execute instructions to process packets
?owing through the network element, and otherwise to enable
the network element to perform functions required of it to
communicate on the network. The instructions associated
with the separate processing environment and to be executed
by the network element typically are contained in a software
image resident in a memory subsystem 50 on the network
element.
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The control logic 48 may be implemented, as shown, as a
set of program instructions that are stored in a computer
readable memory 50 within the network element and
executed on a microprocessor within the network element.
However, it will be apparent to a skilled artisan that all logic
described herein can be embodied using discrete compo
nents, integrated circuitry, programmable logic used in con
junction with a programmable logic device such as a Field
Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or microprocessor, or any
other device including any combination thereof. Program
mable logic can be ?xed temporarily or permanently in a
tangible medium such as a read-only memory chip, a com
puter memory, a disk, or other storage medium. Program
mable logic can also be ?xed in a computer data signal
embodied in a carrier wave, allowing the programmable logic
to be transmitted over an interface such as a computer bus or
communication network. All such embodiments are intended
to fall within the scope of the present invention.
According to an embodiment of the invention, an intelli
gent interface 52 is provided to enhance the functionality of
the network element while allowing increased management
opportunities. As described in greater detail below, the man
agement interface according to one embodiment of the inven
tion includes a USB port to enable high-rate data transfers
between the network element and external resources. Accord
ing to another embodiment, the intelligent interface includes
its own processing environment having an independent ker
nel to enable it to be active even when there is a failure
associated with one or more of the network processors in the
network element. According to yet another embodiment, the
intelligent interface is con?gured to allow the network pro
cessor to have access to external resources as though included
in the network element. Thus, according to this embodiment,
peripheral resources such as security modules, storage, and
management consoles, may be accessed directly by the net
work processors through the intelligent interface. The inven
tion is not limited to these particular uses of the intelligent
interface.
FIG. 5 illustrates one example of a network element includ
ing an intelligent interface according to an embodiment of the
invention. As shown in FIG. 5, an intelligent interface accord
ing to an embodiment of the invention includes external ports
54 con?gured to interface with external resources 56. In one
embodiment, the external ports 54 are compliant with one of
the Universal Serial Bus (USB) standards, such as USB 1.0,
USB 1.1, USB 2.0, or USB 2.1, although the invention is not
limited to this embodiment.
The intelligent interface also includes internal ports 58.
The internal ports may simply be connections to an internal
bus in the network element, an network element management
bus, or another internal connection that may be used to com
municate with components internal to the network element.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the internal
ports are con?gured to enable the intelligent interface to be
connected to a standard PCI bus. In this embodiment, the
intelligent interface may be con?gured as a module based
system that can be readily plugged into an existing system,
either on the backplane or as a piggyback connection on any
PCI-based switch fabric/CPU card. The invention is not lim
ited to an intelligent interface con?gured to interface with a
PCI bus, however, as the intelligent interface may be con?g
ured to interface with any internal data transfer structure/
hierarchy.
The internal ports connect the intelligent interface intelli
gence to the network element’s internal CPU/ con?guration
management subsystem to enable new software images to be
implemented on the network element. The internal ports also
9. US 7,734,748 B1
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enable the intelligent interface to receive statistics from and
monitor information from different network element sub
systems.
A processor 60 containing control logic 62 is provided to
enable the intelligent interface to implement a processing
environment and execute instructions independent of the pro
cessing environment of the network element. The processor
60 and attendant kernel and software subsystems are
described in greater detail below in connection with FIGS.
6-7. Enabling the intelligent interface to execute instructions
independently in its own operational environment enables the
intelligent interface to be active when the network element is
not able to assume an active state, such as in the event of a
serious failure or before the network element has been
booted.
The intelligent interface also includes a memory 64 to
enable it to store information independent of the main
memory subsystem 50 of the network element. Providing a
memory 64 in the intelligent interface 52 enables the intelli
gent interface to store information, such as logging informa
tion, provided by the network element prior to transmission to
a management station. Additionally, as discussed above, the
memory may be used to store new software for execution by
the network element. By storing new software ?les or a com
plete new software image in the intelligent interface memory
subsystem, and interfacing with the network processor 42
over the internal port 58, the intelligent interface may cause
the network element to boot from a new software image
without requiring the network element to ?rst activate its
memory subsystem.
In one embodiment, the internal port 58 connects the intel
li gent interface to the network element internal memory man
agement subsystem 50, and contains kernel supported intel
ligent logic to mount an internal 64 or external 66 memory
resource and interface it with the network element’s memory
management unit 50 to make the external memory resource
66 or intelligent interface memory resource 64 appear as a
local memory resource to the network element.
As discussed above, the management interface optionally
may include a battery 68, fuel cell, capacitor bank, or other
source of independent power to enable the management inter
face to be operational before power is supplied to the network
element, or in the event of a power outage or shortage.
The external ports may be connected directly, or through a
bridge 70, to one or more external resources. As shown in
FIG. 5 and as discussed above, the intelligent interface may
be connected to external storage 66, an external security
device 72, an external logging facility 74, a multiport network
element management hub 76, or other peripheral resources or
management resources. Optionally, the USB port may
include a built-in bridge or multiple physical interfaces to
enable it to support any number of external resources, such as
USB storage sticks, biometric sensors, management stations,
etc. Each of these resources enables the functionality of the
network element to be increased, without requiring the net
work element to be modi?ed. Accordingly, the network ele
ment is able to interface with peripherals through the intelli
gent interface to offer increased functionality without
requiring the network element to contain dedicated circuitry
con?gured to perform the desired functionality. While four
external resources have been shown in FIG. 5, the invention is
not limited to any particular number of external resources or
set of external resources.
FIG. 6, illustrates a software environment con?gured to be
instantiated on the intelligent interface of FIGS. 4 and 5
according to an embodiment of the invention. In the embodi
ment illustrated in FIG. 6, the software environment includes
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a microkernel supporting a software module referred to
herein as a port interface module, which is described in
greater detail below in connection with FIG. 7, and three
primary software subsystems: a resource virtualiZer 92, a ?le
system manager 94, and a network element management
interface 96. The invention is not limited to an embodiment
that implements this particular selection of software sub
systems.
The resource virtualiZer 92, in this embodiment, is respon
sible for memory and storage resource virtualiZation, which
makes intelligent interface memory resources 64 and external
memory resources 66 appear to be local resources to the rest
of the network element. Where the storage is a locally
attached resource, and the network element is providing mul
tiple services for multiple subscribers, the resource virtual
iZer may be con?gured to partition the storage resources to
make the storage resource appear as a dedicated resource to
each subscriber or group of subscribers. The ability to make
the resource appear as dedicated to each customer prevents
one customer from having access to another customer’s data,
thereby enhancing security and enabling the network element
to provide enhanced Virtual Private Network (V PN) services.
The ?lesystem manager 94 is a subsystem that is con?g
ured to perform resources management. The ?lesystem man
ager 94 works below the resources virtualiZer and is respon
sible for administering the local or remotely connected
storage resources. The ?lesystem manager subsystem also
provides added security features to prevent spurious, unau
thoriZed resource access.
The network element management interface sub system 96
enables the network element to be effectively integrated with
the core network element management software. This enables
the intelligent interface to be utiliZed to provide extra
resources to the management software and participate in
management functions, such as uploading new software
images, maintaining log ?les, accessing MIB information,
and other management functions as described in greater detail
above.
FIG. 7 illustrates one example of software that may be
con?gured to implement a port interface module that may be
used in connection with the intelligent interface according to
embodiments of the invention. In the illustrated embodiment,
the port interface module includes a USB interface stack 82,
a security subsystem 84, a health monitor 86, a con?guration
engine 88, and a stack to interface with the network element
bus or communications subsystems 90. The port interface
module executes in an operational environment supported by
a microkernel instantiated on a processor, such as the proces
sor 60 of FIG. 5. The other subsystems con?gured to operate
in the operational environment are described above in greater
detail in connection with FIG. 6.
As shown in FIG. 7, the health monitor 86 connects to the
network element bus through the internal bus interface stack
90 and monitors the health of the network element. This
module is responsible for intelligent health checks and status
gathering of all the vital signs of a network element. The
health monitor provides an interface for customiZing the
parameters of users’ interests that need monitoring. This
module is also responsible for archiving and reporting back
any alarm conditions.
The con?guration engine 88 interfaces with the network
element bus through the internal bus interface stack 90 and
enables the intelligent interface to take corrective action on
the network element on demand or when the health monitor
indicates that corrective action is warranted. This module
provides an always available access to the network element
con?guration to correct or to roll out important con?guration
10. US 7,734,748 B1
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changes. Con?guration changes may be intelligent to make
con?guration parameters active/non-active based on different
preset conditions.
The health monitor 86 and con?guration engine 88 are
integrated tightly With a security subsystem 84 so that infor
mation cannot be transmitted from the health monitor and
instructions cannot be issued to the con?guration engine
Without ?rst causing the attempted transaction to pass
through the security subsystem.
In the embodiment of the invention shoWn in FIG. 6, the
security subsystem 84 is provided to prevent unintended
action from being taken on the netWork element through the
intelligent interface. The security subsystem may require
interaction With an external security peripheral, or may access
information resident in the intelligent interface memory sub
systems 64, 66 to ascertain if an attempt to access the netWork
element through the intelligent interface is authorized, the
entity attempting to access is authenticated, and to maintain
an account of the type of access that Was attempted and/or
granted.
The netWork element bus interface 90 may be con?gured to
include a protocol stack to enable the intelligent interface to
interface With a PCI bus or backplane, Small Computer Sys
tem Interface (SCSI) bus or backplane, or any other standard
bus/backplane technology.
The USB interface (I/F) stack is provided to enable the
intelligent interface to exchange information over an external
USB port. The universal I/F stack subsystem provides a trans
parent I/F layer to the physical I/F mechanisms. Although this
invention has been described in connection With implement
ing one of the USB protocols, the UP stack may also imple
ment several different protocols, depending on the type of
external port, the type of communication being attempted
over the external port, and the nature of the data to be trans
mitted over the external port. For example, in other embodi
ments the external physical port may implement one of the
802.1 1 protocols, FireWire, Bluetooth, or any number of other
physical layer transmission protocols.
It should be understood that various changes and modi?
cations of the embodiments shoWn in the draWings and
described in the speci?cation may be made Within the spirit
and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended
that all matter contained in the above description and shoWn
in the accompanying draWings be interpreted in an illustrative
and not in a limiting sense. The invention is limited only as
de?ned in the folloWing claims and the equivalents thereto.
What is claimed is:
1. A router, comprising:
a plurality of physical interfaces for receiving data from the
netWork and assembling packets of data, a ?rst processor
supporting a ?rst processing environment, at least one
netWork processor for processing the packets of data, a
sWitch fabric for sWitching the packets of data betWeen
physical interfaces, so that the router may receive data
from the network, assemble the data into packets, pro
cess the packets, sWitch the packets, and then output at
least some of the packets of data back onto the netWork;
an intelligent interface betWeen the ?rst processing envi
ronment and a management device external to the router,
said intelligent interface being an interface other than
one of the plurality of physical interfaces and compris
ing a second processor supporting a second processing
environment independent of the ?rst processing envi
ronment, the second processor being able to boot inde
pendent of a boot process of the ?rst processing envi
ronment, an internal interface enabling the ?rst
processing environment to be accessed from the second
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processing environment, and an external interface con
nected to the second processing environment to enable
the second processing environment to be accessed from
the management device external to the router;
Wherein the intelligent interface is con?gured to serve as an
interface betWeen the ?rst processing environment and
external resources during the run-time of the router to
provide access for the ?rst processing environment to at
least one of an external storage facility, an external secu
rity device, and an external logging facility.
2. The router of claim 1, Wherein the ?rst processing envi
ronment comprises a ?rst kernel, and Wherein the second
processing environment comprises a second kernel.
3. The router of claim 1, Wherein the second processor
further comprises control logic enabling a neW softWare
image to be loaded onto the intelligent interface, said neW
softWare image to be used by the second processing environ
ment to con?gure the ?rst processing environment.
4. The router of claim 3, Wherein the intelligent interface
comprises a memory, and Wherein the neW softWare image is
stored in said memory.
5. The router of claim 1, Wherein the second processor
comprises control logic enabling information related to an
operational condition of the ?rst processor to be collected
over the internal interface and transmitted over the external
interface.
6. The router of claim 5, Wherein the operational condition
comprises at least one of Management Information Base val
ues, logging information, and operational parameters.
7. The router of claim 5, Wherein the second processor
comprises control logic con?gured to enable diagnostic
checks to be run on the ?rst processing environment.
8. The router of claim 5, Wherein the second processor
comprises control logic enabling modi?cations to be made to
the ?rst processing environment over the internal interface.
9. The router of claim 1, Wherein the external interface
operates utiliZing at least one of the Universal Serial Bus
(U SB) standards.
10. An intelligent management interface for a router, the
router including at least one router processor controlling
operation of the router in normal operation, the router further
including physical interfaces and a sWitch fabric to receive
data from the netWork, sWitch the data betWeen the physical
interfaces, and output the data back onto the netWork, the
intelligent management interface comprising:
at least one port implementing a Universal Serial Bus
(U SB) standard and being an interface other than one of
the plurality of physical interfaces;
at least one intelligent management interface processor
supporting an independent operating environment for
the intelligent management interface Which is separate
from the operating environment supported by the at least
one router processor and Which is able to boot separate
from a boot process of the at least one router processor,
the independent operating environment enabling the
intelligent management interface to be active during the
boot process of the at least one router processor; and
intelligence enabling the intelligent management interface
to take actions on the router to control the boot process of
the at least one router processor, the intelligence further
being con?gured to enable the intelligent management
interface to be available during run-time of the route
processor to provide external access for the route pro
cessor to at least one of an external storage facility, an
external security device, and an external logging facility.
11. US 7,734,748 B1
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11. The intelligent management interface of claim 10,
Wherein the intelligence performs diagnostic checks on the
router.
12. The intelligent management interface of claim 10,
Wherein the intelligence uploads ?les to the router.
13. The intelligent management interface of claim 10,
Wherein the intelligence causes a neW softWare image to be
stored on the intelligent management interface, and causes
the router to be restarted from the neW softWare image.
14. The intelligent management interface of claim 10,
Wherein the intelligence controls the router before, during,
and after a router boot process.
14
15. The intelligent management interface of claim 10,
Wherein the intelligence causes at least one of ?les and Man
agement Information Base (MIB) information to be transmit
ted from the intelligent management interface to enable a
network manager to manage the router during at least one of
a router boot process and in a router run-time environment.
16. The intelligent management interface of claim 10,
Wherein the intelligence implements a Universal Serial Bus
(U SB) stack to enable the intelligent management interface to
communicate over the USB port utiliZing at least one of the
USB standards.