Methanol poisoning causes signs and symptoms within an hour of ingestion, including nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, headache, confusion and visual disturbances. Post-mortem findings include cyanosis, congestion of the lungs, liver and kidneys, and hemorrhages in the brain and GI tract. Treatment involves gastric lavage, activated charcoal, ethanol administration to compete for metabolism, hemodialysis for severe cases, and correcting acidosis and electrolyte abnormalities. Prognosis depends on prompt diagnosis and treatment to prevent metabolic acidosis and optic nerve damage from methanol and its toxic byproducts.

1. METHANOL POISONING
Aadarsh Bhadel
MBBS 7th semester
DMCRI

2. Contents
 Introduction
 Signs and symptoms
 Postmortem changes
 Management

3. Introduction
Features
 Colourless
 Volatile liquid
 Odour similar to ethyl
alcohol
 Burning taste
Present in,
 Certain Home-made
beverages
 Antifreeze
 Paint removers
 Dyes
 Resins
 adhesives

4. Absorption
 Stomach
 Intestine
 Lungs
 Skin
Fatal dose:- 60 to 200 ml
Fatal period:- 24 to 36
hours
Cause of death:- Acidosis

5. Signs and Symptoms
 Appears within a hour
Generally;
 GIT:-
Nausea, vomiting and abdominal cramps
 CNS:-(more intense and persistent than with ethanol)
Headache, dizziness, neck stiffness, confusion, vertigo,
delirium and coma
 Tachypnea, tachycardia, hypertension and
hypothermia

6. Contd..
 Liver and kidney(acute tubular necrosis) toxicity
 Severe non diabetic anion metabolic acidosis
Visual disturbances:-
 Photophobia, blurred or misty vision(snowfield
vision), central or peripheral scotoma, floaters,
decreased light perception, sudden vision loss.
 The funduscopy shows hyperemia of optic disc
followed by retinal oedema

7. Post Mortem Appearances
Marked cyanosis
GI mucosa
Congested and inflamed with small hemorrhages
Intestine resembling thick pipe of a very narrow
lumen
Lungs:- congested and edematous
Liver:- fatty changes
Kidney:- tubular degeneration
Brain:- edematous and local hemorrhages

8. Management
 Patient is kept in a dark room to protect the eyes from
sunlight
 Maintain airway, breathing and circulation
 Place patient in a left lateral decubitus position with
the head down to avoid aspiration
 Gastric lavage using 5% bicarbonate
 Activated charcoal to reduce absorption of alcohol

9. CONTD..
 Administration of ethanol as a competitive antagonist:
Loading dose 7.6-10 ml/ kg i.v. of 10% ethanol in dextrose
5% water(D5W) over 30 min or 0.8-1 ml/kg orally ethanol
in 200ml of fruit juice
Maintenance dose 0.15 ml/kg/hr orally or 1.4 ml/kg/hr i.v.
Desired serum ethanol concentration is 100-150 mg/dl
 Fomipizole
Loading dose 15mg/kg over 30 min, followed by 10 mg/kg
every 12h for 4 doses, then 15mg/kg every 12h

10. Contd..
 Haemodialysis (treatment of choice in severe case)
 Folic acid 50 to 70 mg, every 4 hours
 Blood sugar is measured frequently while ethanol is
given
 Basic treatment for alcoholic ketoacidosis
 Crystalloid therapy, dextrose, thiamine, and
phosphate
 Correct potassium and magnesium
 Sodium bicarbinate i.v

11. Case Presentation
1. A 48-year-old male patient stated that he had been
rubbing his legs with alcohol soaked cotton during
the last 3 days due to pain in both of his legs. The
patient presented to the emergency unit on the 3rd
day of his symptoms with abrupt vision loss. No
organic pathology could explain the vision loss.
Blood gas analysis showed high anion gap metabolic
acidosis. Hemodialysis was performed for severe
acidosis and the patient was admitted to the ICU.

12. MCQs
1. In methyl alcohol poisoning, there is central nervous
system depression, cardiac depression and optic nerve
atrophy. These effects are produced due to:
a) Formaldehyde and formic acid
b) Acetaldehyde
c) Pyridine
d) Acetic acid

13. 2. A 39-year-old carpenter has taken two bottles of
liquor from the local shop. After about an hour, he
develops confusion, vomiting and blurring of vision.
He has been brought to the emergency department.
He should be given
a) Naloxone
b) Diazepam
c) Flumazelnil
d) Ethyl alcohol

14. 3. Optic atrophy can be caused by:
a) Phosphorous
b) Ethyl alcohol
c) Methyl alcohol
d) All of the above

15. 4.Anion gap acidosis is seen in
a) Diabetic ketoacidosis
b) Lactic acidosis
c) Methanol poisoning
d) All of the above

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