The document discusses the political structure and rulers of Mesopotamia between 2800BC-500BC. Nomadic warriors invaded and conquered Mesopotamia around 2000BC, establishing the first Babylonian Empire with its capital in Babylon. King Hammurabi commissioned the famous Hammurabi's Code around 1750BC both to establish order and assert that he was a just ruler, as the code was based on principles of government responsibility, retaliation, and discrimination under the law.