The document analyzes trends and patterns in the onset, offset, and duration of the monsoon season and associated agricultural seasons over time in the plateau region of Maharashtra, India using rainfall and evapotranspiration data from 1901-2008. Key findings include increasing variability in monsoon timing and duration in western and central Maharashtra compared to more stable patterns in Vidarbha. The optimal safe growing season varies between districts from around 45-70 days.

2. 




Introduction
Objective
Data Base and Methodology
Study Region
Analysis :Trends and patterns of
› onset of Monsoon
› offset of Monsoon
› Preparatory season
› Growing Season
› Post harvesting Season
Conclusion
 Reference


3. 



The variation of climate may cause a great impact on the
productivity of agriculture crops and thereby production in
the region.
The regional variation in regional climate have direct impact
on the regional economy especially in agrarian countries like
India
In the recent year, priority is given to studies of climatic
change/fluctuation. In fact agriculture and f trend to be well
adjusted to the main climatic condition and slow little
sensitivity to moderate variation around this means
. In view of this here an intensive analysis has been made for
most important climate parameter in rain fed agriculture i.e.
rainfall and potential evapotranspiration.

4. 
To analyze the trends and patterns of
change in onset and offset of Monsoon
and its effect on growing season of rain
fed crops over the plateau region of
Maharashtra.

5. 
The records of precipitation and
potential evapotranspiration from year
1901-2008 has been collected from the
web site www.indiawaterportal.org.in

6. preparatory season (pre humid period).
when precipitation(p) exceeds 0.5 of
potential evapotranspiration (PET)
 Onset of effective monsoon-when
precipitation exceeds potential
evapotranspiration
 Growing season-from onset to offset of
monsoon -humid period
 Offset of monsoon-when 0.5 exceeds
precipitation –harvesting period.


7. 
Calculated Day and Duration for
› Day of Starting Pre Humid Period
› Duration of Preparatory period
› Day of Onset of effective monsoon
› Duration of humid Period
› Day of offset of effective monsoon
› Duration of Harvesting Period
› End of Harvesting Season (Post humid
Season)

8. 
Calculated Deviation of
› Starting Pre Humid Period
› Preparatory period
› Onset of effective monsoon
› Growing Season
› offset of effective monsoon
› Harvesting Period
› End of Harvesting Season (Post humid
Season)

9. Methodology
…cont
The results are shown by tables, isoline
maps and graphs
 The intensive study to analyze the annual
change from 1990-2008 sample location
are collected from each agro-climatic
region of Maharashtra.


10. 80ᵒ9’
22ᵒ1’
www.mahaagri.gov.in
15ᵒ6’ ᵒ
72 6’
WESTERN GHAT ZONE, TRANSITION ZONE -1, TRANSTION ZONE-2 , SCARCITY ZONE,
ASSURED RAINFALL ZONE, MODERATE RAINFALL ZONE , EASTERN VIDARBHA ZONE

11. Patterns and trends of onset of effective monsoon :- 1901-2008

12. Patterns and trends of growing season of monsoon in 1901-2008

13. Patterns and trends of offset of effective monsoon in 1901-2008

14. Shift in onset from 1990-2008
Total days, mean shift and standard deviation of shift
figures in days
growing season district
year
Kolhapur Sangli Satara Solapur Osmanabad Nanded YavatmalAhmadnagar Aurangabad Bid
1990
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1991
18
15
19
-21
0
-23
11
29
0
0
1992
18
13
5
50
30
24
35
-59
39 28
1993
-35
-10
-35
-48
0
-14
4
-58
0
0
1994
10
8
6
10
0
3
-2
10
0 -66
1995
30
17
35
-14
29
-39
15
-41
-65
0
1996
-15
65
12
9
0
70
54
41
3 86
1997
-8
-55
-40
21
0
41
-64
20
64
0
1998
-18
11
20
-10
-5
-10
36
30
0 -13
1999
5
-36
-46
76
0
5
-5
-92
3
3
2000
0
38
44
-65
-47
-8
1
0
0
0
2001
-8
-18
2
0
0
12
2
0
0
0
2002
-17
-20
-48
0
0
18
10
-5
-97
0
2004
9
-11
-7
32
0
14
6
97
28
0
2005
-11
93
85
0
-9
0
28
0
8 -65
2006
19
-15
-15
-1
31
33
11
-3
54 60
2007
-30
-67
2
-90
-6
-10
-5
5
0
-1
2008
10
82
11
93
10
0
-10
0
5
0
mean
-1
6
2
6
7
-1
2
2
3
2
stdev
18
43
33
45
17
25
24
42
37 35

15. growing season
year
Shift in growing season from 1990-2008
Total days, mean shift and standard deviation of shift
figures in days
district
Kolhapur Sangli satara solapur osmanabad nanded Yavatmal ahmadnagaraurangabad bid
1990
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1991
18
15
19
-21
0
-23
11
29
0
0
1992
18
13
5
50
30
24
35
-59
39
28
1993
-35
-10
-35
-48
0
-14
4
-58
0
0
1994
10
8
6
10
0
3
-2
10
0 -66
1995
30
17
35
-14
29
-39
15
-41
-65
0
1996
-15
65
12
9
0
70
54
41
3
86
1997
-8
-55
-40
21
0
41
-64
20
64
0
1998
-18
11
20
-10
-5
-10
36
30
0 -13
1999
5
-36
-46
76
0
5
-5
-92
3
3
2000
0
38
44
-65
-47
-8
1
0
0
0
2001
-8
-18
2
0
0
12
2
0
0
0
2002
-17
-20
-48
0
0
18
10
-5
-97
0
2004
9
-11
-7
32
0
14
6
97
28
0
2005
-11
93
85
0
-9
0
28
0
8 -65
2006
19
-15
-15
-1
31
33
11
-3
54
60
2007
-30
-67
2
-90
-6
-10
-5
5
0
-1
2008
10
82
11
93
10
0
-10
0
5
0
mean
-1
6
3
2
2
6
7
-1
2
2
stdev
18
43
33
45
17
25
24
42
37
35

16. Shift in offset season from 1990-2008
Total days ,mean shift and standard deviation of shift
figures in days
year Kolhapur Sangli satara solapur osmanabadnanded Yavatmalahmadnagar aurangabad bid
1990
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1991
22
19
25
26
0
-39
12
11
0
1992
14
13
8
4
25
-8
29
14
23
1993
-12 -40
-15
28
0
24
24
25
0
1994
-12
10
5
-66
25
28
-13
-18
0
1995
10
14
17
-15
0
0
-2
-2
0
1996
1
66
12
82
0
2
14
20
20
1997
-17 -52
-49
-58
2
-47
-29
-50
0
1998
2
47
33
56
0
-37
29
34
-15
1999
-1 -35
48
0
0
-5
1
14
10
2000
0
13
41
42
-47
-3
-27
0
0
2001
18
22
23
0
0
1
-7
0
0
2002
-30 -90
-47
0
0
17
25
-43
-20
2004
19
60
16
20
0
5
-17
25
10
2005
14 -17
14
0
18
-25
30
6
0
2006
28
27
-15
0
3
22
2
-6
-3
2007
-23 -11
0
-90
-3
26
-13
0
0
2008
5
19
12
94
2
0
-3
2
-3
mean
stdev
2
16
4
39
7
26
7
47
1
15
-2
22
3
19
2
22
1
10
0
0
30
0
10
0
15
0
-14
10
0
0
0
0
-25
11
-8
6
2
12

17. Central tendency of shift Safe growing season in districts of Maharashtra
Districts
Kolhapur
Sangli
Satara
Solapur
Osmanabad
Nanded
Yavatmal
Ahmadnagar
Aurangabad
Bid
Preparatory
season
Growing season Harvesting
7
18
19
43
15
33
41
45
15
17
12
25
15
24
25
42
31
37
21
35
Source-compiled by researchers
16
40
26
47
15
22
19
22
10
12

18. pu
r
sa
ta
ra
Sa
ng
li
lha
d
pu
r
pu
r
d
sa
ta
ra
Sa
ng
li
lha
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Offset season
Series1
d
bi
ed
Ya
va
tm
ah
al
m
ad
na
ga
au
r
ra
ng
ab
ad
Onset season
na
nd
ap
ur
os
m
an
ab
ad
so
l
Ko
bi
ed
Ya
va
tm
ah
al
m
ad
na
ga
au
r
ra
ng
ab
ad
na
nd
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
bi
ed
Ya
va
tm
ah
al
m
ad
na
ga
au
r
ra
ng
ab
ad
na
nd
ap
ur
os
m
an
ab
ad
so
l
Ko
lha
Sa
ng
li
sa
ta
ra
so
lap
ur
os
m
an
ab
ad
Ko
Patterns of safe growing season in districts of Maharashtra.
Growing season
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
Series1
15
10
5
0
Series1

19. In general western maharashtra,central
marathvada experienes +-49 to 69days
days of shifting.
 Vidarbha expeerinces +-7 days of
shifting.
 Khandesh experinces +-7 days of shifting.
 maximam change in growing season in
assured and the drought prone area
shows some about 60 years of cycles in
general.


20. Books:•Bagchi K.,(dec 1979) Agriculture in the drought Prone Areas, Geographical Reciew of
India, vol.41,pp 293-296
•Choudhari J.L., Naidu D., Srivasta A.K., (March 1998) Cliamte Variation and their Impact on
Agriculture Productivity in Bastar District, Geographical Review Of India, Vol.58,No. 1, pp
82-89
•Diddee J., Datye V.S., Jog S.R., Kale V.S., (2002) Geography of Maharashtra, Rawat
Publication, Jaipur and New Delhi, pp 58-328
•Gaikwad S. D.,(July 2008) Analyzing Relationship of Climate and Vine Growth to
Determine the Ideal Season for Grapevine Cultivation; The Goa Geographer’s (GAG),
vol.4,pp 61-67
•Hussain M., (1994) Systematic Agriculture Geography, Anmol Publishers Pvt.Ltd., New Delhi
pp 54-94
•Ingle S.R., (2006) Safe growing Season For Goa, The Goa Geographer’s,vol.3, No.3,pp 3739
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