The document discusses the history and evolution of online journalism. It begins by defining cyber or digital journalism as the distribution of editorial content via the internet rather than print or broadcast. The first form of online journalism was teletext in the UK in 1970, which allowed viewers to choose stories to read immediately. Videotex systems later launched but closed down due to failing to meet user demand. Online journalism has benefits like low costs, fast publishing, and quick feedback. However, it also has limitations such as higher error margins due to less fact-checking, fewer gatekeepers to verify information, and lower quality editing compared to print publications.

1. Submitted by : Simardeep Kaur
BJMC 2nd year
21031115
Submitted to: Mr. Gurpreet Singh

2.  Cyber journalism or digital journalism also known as
online journalism is a contemporary form of
Journalism where editorial content is distributed via
the internet as opposed to published via print or
broadcast.
 The primary product of Journalism, which is news
and features on current affairs, is presented solely or
in combination as text , video , audio or some
interactive forms like newsgames , and disseminated
through digital media technology.

3.  The first type of online-journalism, called Teletext , was
invented in the UK in 1970. Teletext is a system allowing
viewers to choose which stories they want to read and
see it immediately.
 The information provided through teletext is brief and
instant, similar to the information seen in online
journalism today. The information was broadcast
between the frames of a television signal in what was
called the Vertical Blanking Interval or VBI.
 After the invention of teletext was the invention of
videotex, of which Prestel was the world’s first system,
launching commercially in 1979 with British newspaper
such as Financial Times lining up to deliver newspaper
stories online through it.

4. Videotex closed down in 1986 due to failing to meet
end-user demand.
American newspaper companies took notice of the
new technology and created their own videotex system
, the largest and most ambitious being viewtron , a
service of Knight-Ridder launched in 1981.others were
Keycom in Chicago and Gateway in Los Angeles. All of
them had closed by 1986.

5.  Cost-effective: The cost of publishing online is affordable compared
to the huge financial commitments involved in setting up a
conventional newspaper house, including daily publication costs and
staff salaries.
 Convergence of roles: The roles of a reporter and an editor are
blurred as one person can perform such duties and others as
computer typesetting.
 Fast and convenient: Publishing online is both fast and convenient.
You post news updates at the click of a button without stress.
 Checks waste: The loss of resources arising from unsold copies of
newspapers is prevented.

6. Quick feedback: The feedback mechanism in online journalism is
better and faster, as against the Letter to the Editor section of a
mainstream newspaper. Admins can almost immediately respond to
comments and feel the pulse of their visitors.
Humanness: The audience can feel the human ‘presence’ behind an
online publication because of the interaction possible at both ends.

7. Online journalism has significant limitations as well.
Here are some fundamentals:
High Error Margin Compared to Others
There is a significant likelihood that news reports will be published with
less comprehensive fact-checking and less proofreading because of
the need to stay on top of breaking news. As a result, the spread of
internet news sources has come to be blamed for the current false
news era. However, extremely reputable web publications and other
media always use extreme caution when publishing material for public
consumption.
Deficient Gatekeepers
The people who decide what is reported as news, from the field
reporter through the news editor and finally the editor, are known as
gatekeepers. Major news companies employ highly skilled individuals
to report articles and edit them before publication. However, there are
a number of additional questionable internet news sources,
particularly citizen journalism sites run by individuals with little to no
background in the fundamentals of journalism. As a result, their
platforms' news material is very unreliable.

8. Less Gatekeepers
One person could be running a one-man news operation as a citizen
journalist. There are fewer employees working for certain bloggers and
owners of online news sites who also claim to be engaged in the practice of
journalism. The majority of websites that we encounter may be operated by a
single individual. However, a story must first clear a number of hurdles at
reputable publications like Daily Mail, New York Times, and Washington Post,
among many others, before it can be published online. Before a story is
published, these people—from the reporter on the ground to the city editor,
news editor in the office, and editor-in-chief—verify that it adheres to basic
journalistic standards.
Lower Quality Editing
Online editions appear to be edited less strictly, notably in terms of story
length and content, and this appears to be a drawback for online journalism.
Online newspapers are a little less serious than their print counterparts due
to the infinite news space.

9.  https://www.campusnama.com/
 https://www.myayan.com/
 https://www.slideshare.net/