The Most Attractive Pune Call Girls Budhwar Peth 8250192130 Will You Miss Thi...
Melkamu kenito electronics in knitting
1. WARP KNITTING GROUP ASSIGNMENT
TO MS. ZEMZEM.M may 2019
HAWASSA,ETHIOPIA
HAWASSA UNINERSITY IOT
DEPARTMENT OF TEXTILE AND
GARMENT ENGINEERING
5/11/2019
5. Table of contents
R.N
o
title slide
1 Introduction 1
2 Disadvantage of mechanical control 7
3 Disadvantage of mechanical programming 8
4 Advantage of electronic control and programming 11
5 Compatibility of electronic signals with knitting data 14
6 Microprocessor and computer 16
7 Computerized knitting machines 21
8 Computer graphics and pattern preparation 25
9 Stoll CAD pattern preparation system 31
10 Shima total design system 32
5/11/2019
iv
6. Introduction
In this material we are going to see what role
electronics has in knitting process .
Before that let’s get introduced to electronics
including computers, computer elements and circuits.
What are electronics and electronic system?
Electronics is the science that deals about electrical
devices and circuits ,including electronic knitting
machines, that operates by controlling the flow of
electrons or other electrically charged particles.
Electronic system: is the group of components
connected together to perform certain task or
function.
5/11/2019
1
7. Introduction
The basic elements of electronics are
Resistors
Capacitors
Inductors
Diodes
Transistors and others
Note: these and another elements of electronics are
properly connected to each other to create a complete
path in which an electrical currents pass called circuit.
5/11/2019
2
8. Circuits
we do have different circuit that can perform
a task they are designed for.
Flip flop
Silicon circuit board
Logic gates
Optoelectronic devices and more
5/11/2019
3
9. computer and microprocessor
Some elements of computer
The internal working of every computer can be broken
down into three parts:
- CPU (central processing unit),
-memory, and
- input/output devices.
In every computer there are three types of buses:
address bus (bidirectional)
data bus(unidirectional), and
control bus
5/11/2019
4
11. microprocessor
Microprocessor:
Is a computer processor that integrates CPU operation in
single circuit chip. It manages information and controls what
computer does.
microprocessors vary in their memory ,processing speed
and another features.
Integrated circuit:
tiny complex connection of electronic components designed
on very small sized material. This smaller sized circuit can
perform a huge task with no need of being equal in size with
the operation. Moreover the chip is versatile which mean
that performs different tasks with no need for one-to-one
relation with the task it perform.
5/11/2019
6
12. motion and its control in knitting machines
Originally there was mechanical programming and
control to knitting machines . For such system had
different drawbacks (will be seen next slides) the
system that could solve the problem as well as
provides new technologies has been designed . The
electronic system gave better control of the motion
when it’s compared with system controls before it.
Therefore let’s see what disadvantage the mechanical
control have and what better and new things do an
electrical system provided.
5/11/2019
6
13. Disadvantage of mechanical
control
the limitations of mechanical movements are
- expensive to manufacture
- slow and cumbersome in operation,
- difficult to adjust or alter
- subject to friction and wear.
5/11/2019
7
14. mechanical programming
• Mechanical pattern and programming data for
controlling knitting machines is stored in the form of
- punched cards
- chains
- rack-wheels(wheels one above another).
-peg drums
- element butt arrangements
5/11/2019
8
15. Continued…
these data storage system are
-expensive in material,
-bulky in space on the machine or in storage
- time-consuming to handle and alter
- slow in operation
-provide restricted facilities.
5/11/2019
9
16. Transition
In short ,Electronic controls replace mechanical controls due to
the fact that
the mechanically-controlled power flat machine is time-
consuming and costly during machine changes and its
more limited facilities provide less scope for adjustment.
In contrast, the electronically-controlled power flat
machine offers quick response to size, style and pattern
changes with versatile and infinitely variable adjustment of
its electronically-controlled functions under the guidance
of the main computer software programme and the
back-up support of its memory.
It is therefore more able to efficiently meet the
exacting requirements for knitting shaped garments.
5/11/2019
10
17. Electronic system
Advantages
Electronics offer the decisive advantages of
convenient power-supply.
compatibility with existing mechanical components.
micro-miniaturization of circuitry (designed in very small size).
economical data storage.
In addition, electronic systems do not require
To be of a size proportionate to their task.
To operate on a one-to-one relationship with it.
5/11/2019
11
18. Continued …
Electronic selection or machine control
is compatible with higher running speeds
eliminates complex mechanical arrangements then
reducing supervisory requirements.
It provides greater versatility as regards design
parameters
simplifies the modification of repeat sequences and
size, style and pattern-changing operations
In some cases, enables changes to occur whilst the
machine is knitting.
5/11/2019
12
20. The compatibilityof electronicsignals and
knitting data
Electronic devices process information as binary digital logic
signals that exist in two states, ON or OFF.
This can be directly translated as
- 1 or 0,
- YES or NO,
- TRUE or FALSE,
- magnetic ATTRACTION or REPULSION.
This information can just as conveniently be translated into
knitting states such as
KNIT or TUCK,
TUCK or MISS.
The binary digits can be arranged in the form of a programme
where they can be encoded and converted into symbols to
compose, for example, a knitting design or a machine
programme.
5/11/2019
21. Continued…
For instance:
If the following logical circuit is assumed to work inside the
knitting machine. An output that will be found at E depends
on what is given as an inputs from A-D. the state of an
inputs can never be out of either on(1) or off(0).
Then for the following particular logical circuit the binary
inputs can give either KNITT/ TUCK or TUCK/MISS for
electronic systems are compatible with it.
A
C
D
B
5/11/2019
15
22. Microprocessors and computers
The most important use of electronics is in
microprocessor and computer systems.
A computer:
can receive, store, retrieve, and communicate
enormous quantities of information at phenomenal
speeds.
It can manipulate, rearrange, select, and transform
this information.
It performs arithmetical or logical processes ( with
ALU)accurately at high speed after receiving the
instructions (programme) and values (data) without
the need for further intervention by the operator
5/11/2019
16
23. Continued… (…computer)
Flexibility in processing of data occurs because the
system can be programmed to produce YES or NO
decisions, based on the result of comparing and
testing monitored data, that then determine the choice
of two alternative courses of action in the program of
the system.
These alternative courses within the main program
sequence may include counted loop sequences,
branching or jumping out of the main sequence, and
selection of stored sub-routines.
5/11/2019
17
24. Continued… (…computer)
It is these facilities that give electronically-controlled
knitting pattern preparation and needle selection
their extensive capabilities as compared with
previously available methods.
Inputs include switches, sensors on knitting
machines, keyboards, light pens, tapes and discs; and
outputs include actuators on knitting machines, lights,
digital and graphical displays, tapes, and printers.
Outside the system, the digital impulses may be
changed from parallel to serial, or even analogue,
form, or may be converted into light, sound, radio or
carrier waves, or mechanical movements.
5/11/2019
18
25. Continued… (…computer)
Although it is possible to directly program a system by
using an input devices, the processor (and probably
the knitting machine) will be held waiting during this
time-consuming operation.
It is therefore preferable to record the program and
data in an auxiliary memory store such as a tape(disc).
Its contents(content of the memory or the pattern
stored in it) can be rapidly inputted electronically into
internal memory, as required.
whilst using a direct input keyboard or switches for
minor amendments or alterations during the running
of the programme
5/11/2019
19
26. Continued…. (microprocessor…)
Some systems are programmed to interact with the
operative who is thus able, within specified and
guided limits, to change values of data, with the effects
of the amendments being visually indicated by the
system.
5/11/2019
20
27. The computerized knitting machine
Although knitting is still a mechanical action between
the yarn and the knitting elements, the design of
tomorrow’s machines will be increasingly influenced
by the facilities offered by electronics as shown below.
5/11/2019
21
28. continued …
Motion bulkiness
• Thus, whereas on mechanically controlled knitting
machines nearly all the mechanical movements are linked
to the revolution of the machine or traverse of the cam
carriage, electronic controls can be dispersed and
separately operated.
Process stages
• In addition, their operation can be smoothly introduced in
a series of gradual steps and not in a restricted number of
large steps, as is the case with mechanical drive systems.
Note: In short mechanical systems can have few huge and
complicated stages per operation but electronic systems
separates the operation into sub smaller operations that
makes it easier.
5/11/2019
22
29. continued …
The electronically-controlled knitting machine can be part
of a network of management communication links.
Process control
A single control unit can control a complete bank of
machines if necessary .Unlike the mechanically-controlled
machine which stands alone and has no means of receiving
and transmitting electronically generated data .
Supervision frequency
The increasing automatic monitoring and adjustment
facilities provided by microprocessor control on modern
machines avoided the need for continual manual attention.
5/11/2019
23
30. continued …
Major application
electronics has had its greatest impact in V-bed flat
knitting as a major factor in the successful
development of shaping techniques.
Electronics is also increasingly being
employed in
‘intelligent’ stop motions’.
yarn feed systems.
the design and patterns preparation.
machine function control.
pattern selection and striping.
5/11/2019
24
31. Continued…
Stop motions: can be applied where a yarn breaks or
when loops are not cleared from needle for some consecutive
knitting cycle due to some faults in the machine.
Stop for break
Number of stop motion equals number of feeders that is presence
of every feed yarn is individually detected and an action is taken
when breakage or higher tension variation is found.
Stop for loops not cleared from needle
Knife above cloth forming zone acts as sensor. moreover it opens
and closes an electrical circuit according to its position.
Keeps circuit on: in normal machine running.
Closes the circuit: when the fault is found then the machine stops
5/11/2019
32. Continued…
Yarn Feeding :positive feeding where needed
yarn is measured and supplied electronically to
knitting zone.
Design and pattern preparation
With the help of certain electronic pattern making
systems like STOLL,SHIMA.
5/11/2019
33. computergraphicsand patternpreparation
Computer graphics:
Usually the term refers to computer-generated image
data created with help of specialized hardware and
software.
Responsible for displaying image data effectively and
meaningfully to the consumer.
Also used for processing image data received from the
physical world .
(source: Wikipedia )
5/11/2019
25
34. continued …
Role of computer graphics in pattern preparation
Of all knitting machines, the modern electronic V-bed
flat machine offers the greatest challenges as well as
the greatest opportunities for the application of a
CAD/CAM system.(figure I)
• Interactive computer graphics :enables a dialogue to
occur between the operator terminal and the system,
with the resulting development of the design being
immediately visually represented on the screen.
Note: computer graphics can be taken as part of brain of
the computer that allows it to understand what the
operator is asking for or Communicates with the
operator and displays the task.
5/11/2019
26
35. continued …
Design description with Cartesian co-ordinate
The position is defined and located by two numbers
in the Cartesian co-ordinate system.
• On the horizontal (X) axis, the numbering increases
positively from zero towards the right,
• whilst on the vertical(Y) axis, the numbering increases
positively upwards from zero at any point on the
design.
• Generally, an input device is employed that can be
moved by hand in the direction of either axis, with its
location and movement over the screen being
indicated by a special character symbol termed a
cursor.
5/11/2019
27
36. continued …
The physical movement of input devices is converted
by the system into the series of numbers, whereas a
light pen detects the presence of light whose position
is being generated on the screen.
Computer graphics:
provides a tool for the efficient creation and
development of designs
overcomes repetitious aspects, enabling realistic
representations of the knitted designs and garment
shapes to be prepared, to be easily modified on the
screen, and to be outputted as accurate, to-scale,
colored, hard-copy prints.
5/11/2019
28
37. continued …
It provides a much quicker response to customer
requests(quick knit sample development) than is
possible with traditional knit sampling techniques
whilst postponing the expensive knitting operation
until such requirements have been fully identified.
Recognized standards for these systems are now
becoming established so that there will be greater
compatibility in the future and choice of system will
be less dependent upon the preference for a particular
make of knitting machine.
5/11/2019
29
39. The Stoll CADpatternpreparationsystem
The Stoll SIRIX is a complete design, patterning and
programming system originally specially developed
from Apple II PC software.
It is used in every application in V-bed flat knitting.
It uses icons and windows to graphically support the
generation and development of knitting programmes
for Stoll CMS electronic flat machines.
It simplifies pattern drafting and speeds-up the
processes required in the production of knitted fabric
and garments.
Fabric depiction and programme drafting is carried
out on-screen, without the need to interrupt
production on the machine.
5/11/2019
31
40. Continued…
In Stoll CAD system
Patterns can be designed using jacquard colors and the Sintral
programming language, or directly by defining stitches and
modules.
These can then be transformed automatically into a knitting
programme simply by pressing a button.
Sintral is the text editor, which facilitates the creation of knitting
programmes using plain language instructions.
Designs or programmes are analyzed, processed and tested, then
automatically translated into Sintral, then presented to the
monitor or loaded into the machine.
The design programme is a ‘Paint’ programme that provides a
palette of colors, shades, brush shapes and sizes, and design
tools.
5/11/2019
40
41. Continued…
Using the yarn programme, yarn types, shades, and
textures can be generated and stored to closely simulate
knitted panels, in advance of the knitting process.
Sophisticated color printers can produce realistic images of
the garment which, it is hoped, will reduce the time-
consuming process of swatching and sample development
on the knitting machine.
Once the design is completed, a model can be called-up
onto the screen whose three-dimensional appearance
simulates the wearing of a garment made from the design.
5/11/2019
41
42. The shima total design system
The Shima Total Design System is a totally-integrated
knit production system.
It allows all stages to be integrated into a smooth work-
flow.
Shima integrates planning, design, evaluation,
production, and sales promotion .
1. The designer creates concept drawings. This can be
done by using computer-graphic paint software and a
pressure-sensitive airbrush .the concept drawing is
realized by knit technicians with capability of the
machine. Then, How does the designer communicate
with technicians? Shima uses SDS 1R CAD for interface.
5/11/2019
32
43. continued …
2-A fully-fashioned pattern for shaping is created, using a
pattern CAD program for knitting. The working pattern is
then displayed using Knit Paint software.
3- When each pattern is complete, Knit Paint
automatically combines all patterns into usable knitting
data, customized to the required Shima machine.
4-The loop simulation, loop resemblance programme uses
yarns. The yarns can be either scanned or painted or
created by the yarn creation programme.
5/11/2019
33
44. continued …
5-The resulting simulated knit pattern can then be
draped onto models using the mesh-mapping function.
A mesh grid is created to conform to each fully-
fashioned piece, such as the front body, back body, and
sleeves, and the simulated knit pattern is draped directly
over that piece. The mesh mapping allows shadows and
wrinkles to be maintained from the original image.
6-recently large pattern structure database of knit
parts(V-neck, crewe neck, cardigan, etc) for which the
mesh grids are ready-made is available.
5/11/2019
34
