Megalithic period
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
3 likes•4,416 views
This is one of the slide which I prepared for teaching Megalithic monuments and period, which is a good source of information about the ancient Tamilakam.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Megaliths pages
Megaliths are large stones used to construct structures without mortar. There are two main types of megalithic structures - polylithic and monolithic. Some common megalithic structures found in South India include rock cut caves, hood/hat stones, menhirs, dolmenoid cists, and cairn circles. Rock cut caves are burial chambers carved into soft rock. Hood stones are dome-shaped stones covering underground burial pits. Menhirs are upright standing stones marking burials. Dolmenoid cists are stone box-like graves built with several upright stones and a capstone. Cairn circles consist of a stone rubble mound enclosed by a stone circle, sometimes
Megalithic culture
This document discusses megalithic sites from South India's prehistoric past. Megaliths were large stone burial monuments used for important tribal figures dating back to around the 5th century BC. They have been found around river valleys, trade routes, and strategic locations. Different types of megalithic structures have been discovered, including dolmens which are single-chamber tombs made of large capstones supported by other standing stones, and menhirs which are single large upright standing stones that may stand alone or in groups. Artifacts found at these sites provide insights into the Iron Age culture and way of life of these early tribes.
Chalcolithic cultures of india
Chalcolithic cultures of India/ full description of the things related to it. Pottery artifacts tools all are included in it.Major informations are added in it. Chalcolithic period basic and important points.Easy for everyone to know about the culture and its importance so read it and gain knowledge.
ANCIENT TAMILAKAM
The document discusses the history and culture of ancient Tamilakam based on evidence from megalithic monuments and Sangam literature. It describes burial practices like placing remains in large urns and covering them with stones. Megalithic sites containing tools, pots, beads and coins provide information on the Iron Age. Sangam texts from 300 BCE to 300 CE describe life, including women poets, kingdoms of Cheras, Pandyas and Cholas, and an exchange system where goods were traded for commodities. They classify songs into personal and external themes and illustrate the region's resources, food, dress and customs.
Old archaeology, processual archaeology and post processual archaelogy
This document outlines the development of different approaches to archaeology: Old Archaeology focused on descriptive cultural histories; Processual Archaeology developed as a scientific approach to study and explain cultural change through problem-oriented research and hypothesis testing; Post-Processual Archaeology reacted against Processual Archaeology's scientific approach by emphasizing meaning, human agency, multivocality, and the subjective nature of archaeological interpretation.
Definition, Aims, Scope and Relevance of Archaeology
This document defines archaeology and outlines its aims, scope, and relevance. Archaeology is defined as the study of past human cultures through their material remains. The aims of archaeology are to reconstruct extinct cultures and understand cultural changes by studying artifacts and sites. The scope of archaeology is broad, including fieldwork, exploration, and analysis of tangible evidence. Archaeology's relevance includes providing information on the past, fostering cultural heritage and national pride, and supporting conservation, tourism, and jobs.
Development of iron in ancient india
This document discusses the origin and development of iron technology in ancient India. It begins by outlining the importance of iron and some key issues regarding its introduction and use in India. It then examines the earliest historical references to Indian iron from Greek sources in the 5th century BCE. Archaeological evidence suggests iron metallurgy began indigenously in India as early as 1800 BCE and progressed through distinct stages. Literary sources also provide valuable information about ironworking techniques described as early as 500 BCE. Overall, the document argues that India had a long indigenous tradition of iron production and metallurgy spanning over 4000 years.
Archaeological Exploration
This document discusses methods for exploration before, during, and after archaeological surveys and excavations. It describes traditional methods such as studying ancient literature, maps, village surveys, and surface studies. It also outlines scientific methods like aerial photography, satellite imagery, GPS, geophysical surveys using tools like probes, soil studies, metal detectors, electrical resistivity meters, and magnetometers. The document provides examples of how these various exploration methods can be used to identify and document sites and artifacts.
Recommended
Megaliths pages
Megaliths are large stones used to construct structures without mortar. There are two main types of megalithic structures - polylithic and monolithic. Some common megalithic structures found in South India include rock cut caves, hood/hat stones, menhirs, dolmenoid cists, and cairn circles. Rock cut caves are burial chambers carved into soft rock. Hood stones are dome-shaped stones covering underground burial pits. Menhirs are upright standing stones marking burials. Dolmenoid cists are stone box-like graves built with several upright stones and a capstone. Cairn circles consist of a stone rubble mound enclosed by a stone circle, sometimes
Megalithic culture
This document discusses megalithic sites from South India's prehistoric past. Megaliths were large stone burial monuments used for important tribal figures dating back to around the 5th century BC. They have been found around river valleys, trade routes, and strategic locations. Different types of megalithic structures have been discovered, including dolmens which are single-chamber tombs made of large capstones supported by other standing stones, and menhirs which are single large upright standing stones that may stand alone or in groups. Artifacts found at these sites provide insights into the Iron Age culture and way of life of these early tribes.
Chalcolithic cultures of india
Chalcolithic cultures of India/ full description of the things related to it. Pottery artifacts tools all are included in it.Major informations are added in it. Chalcolithic period basic and important points.Easy for everyone to know about the culture and its importance so read it and gain knowledge.
ANCIENT TAMILAKAM
The document discusses the history and culture of ancient Tamilakam based on evidence from megalithic monuments and Sangam literature. It describes burial practices like placing remains in large urns and covering them with stones. Megalithic sites containing tools, pots, beads and coins provide information on the Iron Age. Sangam texts from 300 BCE to 300 CE describe life, including women poets, kingdoms of Cheras, Pandyas and Cholas, and an exchange system where goods were traded for commodities. They classify songs into personal and external themes and illustrate the region's resources, food, dress and customs.
Old archaeology, processual archaeology and post processual archaelogy
This document outlines the development of different approaches to archaeology: Old Archaeology focused on descriptive cultural histories; Processual Archaeology developed as a scientific approach to study and explain cultural change through problem-oriented research and hypothesis testing; Post-Processual Archaeology reacted against Processual Archaeology's scientific approach by emphasizing meaning, human agency, multivocality, and the subjective nature of archaeological interpretation.
Definition, Aims, Scope and Relevance of Archaeology
This document defines archaeology and outlines its aims, scope, and relevance. Archaeology is defined as the study of past human cultures through their material remains. The aims of archaeology are to reconstruct extinct cultures and understand cultural changes by studying artifacts and sites. The scope of archaeology is broad, including fieldwork, exploration, and analysis of tangible evidence. Archaeology's relevance includes providing information on the past, fostering cultural heritage and national pride, and supporting conservation, tourism, and jobs.
Development of iron in ancient india
This document discusses the origin and development of iron technology in ancient India. It begins by outlining the importance of iron and some key issues regarding its introduction and use in India. It then examines the earliest historical references to Indian iron from Greek sources in the 5th century BCE. Archaeological evidence suggests iron metallurgy began indigenously in India as early as 1800 BCE and progressed through distinct stages. Literary sources also provide valuable information about ironworking techniques described as early as 500 BCE. Overall, the document argues that India had a long indigenous tradition of iron production and metallurgy spanning over 4000 years.
Archaeological Exploration
This document discusses methods for exploration before, during, and after archaeological surveys and excavations. It describes traditional methods such as studying ancient literature, maps, village surveys, and surface studies. It also outlines scientific methods like aerial photography, satellite imagery, GPS, geophysical surveys using tools like probes, soil studies, metal detectors, electrical resistivity meters, and magnetometers. The document provides examples of how these various exploration methods can be used to identify and document sites and artifacts.
Mauryan Pillars
The presentation is based on the monolithic free standing pillar architecture of India with special focus on the Mauryan pillars. This is not for personal academic benefits... this is for the students of UG and PG..
Sangam
The document provides an overview of Sangam literature and the Sangam period of ancient Tamil Nadu. Some key points:
- Sangam literature is one of the main sources for documenting the early history of Tamil Nadu and mentions kings and princes of the Chola, Pandya and Chera kingdoms.
- Sources include literary works as well as archaeological evidence. Literary sources include Sangam poems/texts and works by foreign travelers.
- The society was divided into peasants, laborers, artisans and other occupational groups rather than a strict caste system. Trade within India and abroad was an important part of the economy.
History of archaeology in global context
Archaeology has evolved from early treasure hunting and antiquarian pursuits into a scientific discipline over thousands of years. Key developments include the Greeks' and Romans' early studies of ancient cultures, the rise of antiquarianism in medieval and Renaissance Europe, and major 18th and 19th century advances like the establishment of stratigraphy, development of geological techniques, and systematic excavation methods. The 20th century saw revolutionary scientific techniques like radiocarbon dating emerge, along with the "New Archaeology" movement which applied new methodologies to develop broad theories of human behavior and cultural change.
ARCHAEOLOGICAL EXPLORATION.pptx
The document discusses various methods used in archaeological exploration, including desktop study, surface survey, aerial photography, sampling techniques, and use of instruments. Desktop study involves reviewing existing records and literature about a site. Surface survey uses field walking and collection of surface artifacts to identify areas for further investigation. Aerial photography provides an overhead view of sites through identification of crop marks, soil marks, and shadows. Sampling techniques like simple random sampling and stratified systematic sampling help cover broad areas. Trial pits and soil sampling also aid in understanding a site's potential and paleoenvironmental context. A variety of tools from measurement tapes to ground penetrating radar are used in exploration and documentation.
Metal Art of Chola Period
The PPP is for the students of UG and PG only. Not for my API.
For more pics of Chola period-
https://www.clevelandart.org/art/collection/search?i=1&search=chola
Coins of Gupta Period (Samudragupta & Chandragupta II)
The PPP is for the students of UG & PG not for my API and not even for the commercial purpose.
The *slide 50* of this PPP is wrongly typed the name *Samudragupta instead of Chandragupta II*. so kindly correct in your notes.
PRE HISTORIC AGES IN INDIA
Four important pre-historic ages in India are discussed:
1. Paleolithic Age (Old Stone Age) where man used basic stone tools for hunting and tasks.
2. Mesolithic Age (Intermediate Stone Age) where man began to develop new skills.
3. Neolithic Age (New Stone Age) where man developed improved stone tools and new civilizations.
4. The Age of Metals where gold, then copper, and later bronze and iron were discovered and used, marking further advances in civilization.
Though knowledge of prehistoric India is limited, these ages were important in developing early human skills, inventions, and civilizations.
Bagh Caves (Mural, Sculptures, Conservation Issues)
The Bagh Caves are a group of nine rock-cut monuments, situated among the southern slopes of the Vindhyas in Bagh town of Dhar district in Madhya Pradesh state in central India. These monuments are located at a distance of 97 km from Dhar town. The presentation was prepared for the P.G. students of AIHC and Archaeology Department in the year 2018. The site was visited by me along with my batch during Institute Of Archaeology times in the year 2009.
New Archaeology/Processual Archaeology
New Archaeology emerged in the 1950s-60s as a reaction against traditional descriptive archaeology. It aimed to use archaeological data to understand cultural processes and human behavior, particularly the causes of cultural change. The goals of archaeology became understanding past human societies and answering anthropological questions. New Archaeology introduced new theoretical paradigms, methods, and observations but remained a work in progress. It sought to explain the underlying historical processes behind cultural change and shed light on past human ecology, technology, economics, and social organization.
Punch Marked Coins (1000 BCE - 500 CE)
The document provides information on Punch Marked Coins (PMC) that were the earliest coins used in ancient India between 600-200 BCE. It discusses that PMC were initially issued by merchant guilds and later states, and represented a trade currency during a period of intense trade. It describes that PMC can be divided into two types - those attributed to local Janapada states and those of the later imperial Mauryan period. The document outlines various Janapada regions that issued PMC and details some of their distinctive coin features, symbols, and regional affiliations.
History of Architecture - Evolution of temples - Dravidian Architecture Part - 1
Drief description about the Dravidian Architecture during the rule of Chola and Pallavas their evolution towards the temple architecture.
Numismatics - minting process
this presentation describes 3 types of coin minting processes used in ancient india.
Punching
casting and
Die striking
THE STONE AGE
The document summarizes the Stone Age periods in human prehistory. It describes the Palaeolithic Age as the earliest and longest period, characterized by hunting and gathering with crude stone tools. Cave paintings provide information on early human life. The Mesolithic Age followed, where smaller stone tools were used and hunting became more prevalent. In the Neolithic Age, humans began cultivating crops and domesticating animals, settling into agricultural villages in river valleys, marking a shift to food production. The Chalcolithic Age was a transitional period where both stone and early copper tools were utilized. Archaeological sites provide evidence of life and technological changes during the Stone Age periods.
Takalghat khapa
This Presentations is prepared for Graduate students to have basic ideas about important site of Takalghat and Khapa
Art, Architectur and Literature of Ancient India
1. The document discusses various aspects of art, architecture, and literature in ancient India such as stupas, temples, paintings in the Ajanta caves, and epics like the Ramayana and Mahabharata.
2. It provides examples of famous temples built by different dynasties including the Brihadeshwara Temple, Kailashnath Temple, and Shore Temple.
3. The document also outlines scientific and technological developments during this period including calculations of pi and the length of the solar year, as well as inventions like the decimal system and concept of zero.
Chalukya dynasty
The Chalukya dynasty ruled parts of southern and central India between the 6th and 12th centuries CE as three related dynasties. The earliest Badami Chalukya dynasty ruled from Vatapi (modern Badami) in the 6th century. They were followed by the Eastern Chalukyas who ruled from Vengi until the 11th century. The Western Chalukyas revived the dynasty and ruled from Kalyani until the 12th century. The Chalukyas were powerful rulers who promoted architecture, literature, trade and an efficient administration.
Epigraphy
Epigraphy is essential for the students of history to imbibe the content of the inscriptions as a source material.
A brief history of Prehistoric Research.pptx
The document provides a brief history of pre-historic research in India, outlining 4 phases from 1863 to the present. It describes key early findings by British officials and the roles of institutions like the Asiatic Society of Bengal. Major sites excavated are also mentioned for each phase as scientific dating methods advanced pre-historic knowledge in India.
Gupta - Art & Archietecture
The Gupta Empire ruled much of northern India from 320 to 550 CE and established a period of peace and prosperity. This Golden Age of India saw advancements in science, technology, art, literature, and religion that solidified Hindu culture. Gupta architecture can be seen in their elaborate temples built to various Hindu gods during this religiously intense time. Sculpture also flourished as figures of Hindu deities and Buddhas emerged.
Syllabus Introduction: VC-04: Survey of Archaeological Remains
The PPP is an introduction of the syllabus VC-04: Survey of Archaeological Remains for the students of BA IInd Sem. Archaeology and Museology.
Mudu Konaje Megalithic Dolmen Site -Plutus Academy Current Affairs.pdf
Explore our current affairs section to gain insights into the Megalithic Dolmen site, an intriguing historical landmark. This section sheds light on the unique characteristics of the Indian megalithic civilization, such as its diverse burial practices and the prominence of iron consumption. Furthermore, the megalithic culture is known for constructing remarkable stone edifices like dolmens. Authored by Gaurav N, this informative segment has been rigorously vetted by our distinguished faculty member Kapil Kushwah. It is ready for publication on our website and inclusion in our current affairs news.
Megalithic Culture of India, Megalithic Culture of Penisular India
Presentation Lines
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
More Related Content
What's hot
Mauryan Pillars
The presentation is based on the monolithic free standing pillar architecture of India with special focus on the Mauryan pillars. This is not for personal academic benefits... this is for the students of UG and PG..
Sangam
The document provides an overview of Sangam literature and the Sangam period of ancient Tamil Nadu. Some key points:
- Sangam literature is one of the main sources for documenting the early history of Tamil Nadu and mentions kings and princes of the Chola, Pandya and Chera kingdoms.
- Sources include literary works as well as archaeological evidence. Literary sources include Sangam poems/texts and works by foreign travelers.
- The society was divided into peasants, laborers, artisans and other occupational groups rather than a strict caste system. Trade within India and abroad was an important part of the economy.
History of archaeology in global context
Archaeology has evolved from early treasure hunting and antiquarian pursuits into a scientific discipline over thousands of years. Key developments include the Greeks' and Romans' early studies of ancient cultures, the rise of antiquarianism in medieval and Renaissance Europe, and major 18th and 19th century advances like the establishment of stratigraphy, development of geological techniques, and systematic excavation methods. The 20th century saw revolutionary scientific techniques like radiocarbon dating emerge, along with the "New Archaeology" movement which applied new methodologies to develop broad theories of human behavior and cultural change.
ARCHAEOLOGICAL EXPLORATION.pptx
The document discusses various methods used in archaeological exploration, including desktop study, surface survey, aerial photography, sampling techniques, and use of instruments. Desktop study involves reviewing existing records and literature about a site. Surface survey uses field walking and collection of surface artifacts to identify areas for further investigation. Aerial photography provides an overhead view of sites through identification of crop marks, soil marks, and shadows. Sampling techniques like simple random sampling and stratified systematic sampling help cover broad areas. Trial pits and soil sampling also aid in understanding a site's potential and paleoenvironmental context. A variety of tools from measurement tapes to ground penetrating radar are used in exploration and documentation.
Metal Art of Chola Period
The PPP is for the students of UG and PG only. Not for my API.
For more pics of Chola period-
https://www.clevelandart.org/art/collection/search?i=1&search=chola
Coins of Gupta Period (Samudragupta & Chandragupta II)
The PPP is for the students of UG & PG not for my API and not even for the commercial purpose.
The *slide 50* of this PPP is wrongly typed the name *Samudragupta instead of Chandragupta II*. so kindly correct in your notes.
PRE HISTORIC AGES IN INDIA
Four important pre-historic ages in India are discussed:
1. Paleolithic Age (Old Stone Age) where man used basic stone tools for hunting and tasks.
2. Mesolithic Age (Intermediate Stone Age) where man began to develop new skills.
3. Neolithic Age (New Stone Age) where man developed improved stone tools and new civilizations.
4. The Age of Metals where gold, then copper, and later bronze and iron were discovered and used, marking further advances in civilization.
Though knowledge of prehistoric India is limited, these ages were important in developing early human skills, inventions, and civilizations.
Bagh Caves (Mural, Sculptures, Conservation Issues)
The Bagh Caves are a group of nine rock-cut monuments, situated among the southern slopes of the Vindhyas in Bagh town of Dhar district in Madhya Pradesh state in central India. These monuments are located at a distance of 97 km from Dhar town. The presentation was prepared for the P.G. students of AIHC and Archaeology Department in the year 2018. The site was visited by me along with my batch during Institute Of Archaeology times in the year 2009.
New Archaeology/Processual Archaeology
New Archaeology emerged in the 1950s-60s as a reaction against traditional descriptive archaeology. It aimed to use archaeological data to understand cultural processes and human behavior, particularly the causes of cultural change. The goals of archaeology became understanding past human societies and answering anthropological questions. New Archaeology introduced new theoretical paradigms, methods, and observations but remained a work in progress. It sought to explain the underlying historical processes behind cultural change and shed light on past human ecology, technology, economics, and social organization.
Punch Marked Coins (1000 BCE - 500 CE)
The document provides information on Punch Marked Coins (PMC) that were the earliest coins used in ancient India between 600-200 BCE. It discusses that PMC were initially issued by merchant guilds and later states, and represented a trade currency during a period of intense trade. It describes that PMC can be divided into two types - those attributed to local Janapada states and those of the later imperial Mauryan period. The document outlines various Janapada regions that issued PMC and details some of their distinctive coin features, symbols, and regional affiliations.
History of Architecture - Evolution of temples - Dravidian Architecture Part - 1
Drief description about the Dravidian Architecture during the rule of Chola and Pallavas their evolution towards the temple architecture.
Numismatics - minting process
this presentation describes 3 types of coin minting processes used in ancient india.
Punching
casting and
Die striking
THE STONE AGE
The document summarizes the Stone Age periods in human prehistory. It describes the Palaeolithic Age as the earliest and longest period, characterized by hunting and gathering with crude stone tools. Cave paintings provide information on early human life. The Mesolithic Age followed, where smaller stone tools were used and hunting became more prevalent. In the Neolithic Age, humans began cultivating crops and domesticating animals, settling into agricultural villages in river valleys, marking a shift to food production. The Chalcolithic Age was a transitional period where both stone and early copper tools were utilized. Archaeological sites provide evidence of life and technological changes during the Stone Age periods.
Takalghat khapa
This Presentations is prepared for Graduate students to have basic ideas about important site of Takalghat and Khapa
Art, Architectur and Literature of Ancient India
1. The document discusses various aspects of art, architecture, and literature in ancient India such as stupas, temples, paintings in the Ajanta caves, and epics like the Ramayana and Mahabharata.
2. It provides examples of famous temples built by different dynasties including the Brihadeshwara Temple, Kailashnath Temple, and Shore Temple.
3. The document also outlines scientific and technological developments during this period including calculations of pi and the length of the solar year, as well as inventions like the decimal system and concept of zero.
Chalukya dynasty
The Chalukya dynasty ruled parts of southern and central India between the 6th and 12th centuries CE as three related dynasties. The earliest Badami Chalukya dynasty ruled from Vatapi (modern Badami) in the 6th century. They were followed by the Eastern Chalukyas who ruled from Vengi until the 11th century. The Western Chalukyas revived the dynasty and ruled from Kalyani until the 12th century. The Chalukyas were powerful rulers who promoted architecture, literature, trade and an efficient administration.
Epigraphy
Epigraphy is essential for the students of history to imbibe the content of the inscriptions as a source material.
A brief history of Prehistoric Research.pptx
The document provides a brief history of pre-historic research in India, outlining 4 phases from 1863 to the present. It describes key early findings by British officials and the roles of institutions like the Asiatic Society of Bengal. Major sites excavated are also mentioned for each phase as scientific dating methods advanced pre-historic knowledge in India.
Gupta - Art & Archietecture
The Gupta Empire ruled much of northern India from 320 to 550 CE and established a period of peace and prosperity. This Golden Age of India saw advancements in science, technology, art, literature, and religion that solidified Hindu culture. Gupta architecture can be seen in their elaborate temples built to various Hindu gods during this religiously intense time. Sculpture also flourished as figures of Hindu deities and Buddhas emerged.
Syllabus Introduction: VC-04: Survey of Archaeological Remains
The PPP is an introduction of the syllabus VC-04: Survey of Archaeological Remains for the students of BA IInd Sem. Archaeology and Museology.
What's hot (20)
Coins of Gupta Period (Samudragupta & Chandragupta II)
Coins of Gupta Period (Samudragupta & Chandragupta II)
Bagh Caves (Mural, Sculptures, Conservation Issues)
Bagh Caves (Mural, Sculptures, Conservation Issues)
History of Architecture - Evolution of temples - Dravidian Architecture Part - 1
History of Architecture - Evolution of temples - Dravidian Architecture Part - 1
Syllabus Introduction: VC-04: Survey of Archaeological Remains
Syllabus Introduction: VC-04: Survey of Archaeological Remains
Similar to Megalithic period
Mudu Konaje Megalithic Dolmen Site -Plutus Academy Current Affairs.pdf
Explore our current affairs section to gain insights into the Megalithic Dolmen site, an intriguing historical landmark. This section sheds light on the unique characteristics of the Indian megalithic civilization, such as its diverse burial practices and the prominence of iron consumption. Furthermore, the megalithic culture is known for constructing remarkable stone edifices like dolmens. Authored by Gaurav N, this informative segment has been rigorously vetted by our distinguished faculty member Kapil Kushwah. It is ready for publication on our website and inclusion in our current affairs news.
Megalithic Culture of India, Megalithic Culture of Penisular India
Presentation Lines
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
Story stone
1) The document discusses the history, types, and formation processes of different types of rocks including igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks.
2) It describes how igneous rocks form from cooling magma, sedimentary rocks form through the compaction and cementation of sediments, and metamorphic rocks form from changes to existing igneous and sedimentary rocks through heat, pressure, and chemical processes.
3) Some of the oldest buildings made of stone discussed include the Great Pyramid of Giza constructed from limestone and granite blocks and the Parthenon temple built from marble.
8 h the rock cycle (whs)
The document discusses the three main types of rocks - sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic rocks. Sedimentary rocks such as sandstone and limestone form through the weathering, erosion, deposition and compaction of existing rocks. Igneous rocks like granite and basalt form as magma or lava cools and crystallizes. Metamorphic rocks including slate and marble are formed from the alteration of other rocks through heat and pressure in the Earth's crust. The document also provides details on the formation processes and characteristic features of each rock type.
Rocks minerals and their exploitation (1)
This document provides information on different types of rocks and methods of extracting rocks and minerals from the earth. It discusses igneous rocks which form from cooling magma, sedimentary rocks which form through the compaction and cementation of sediments, and metamorphic rocks which form from changes to existing rocks through heat and pressure. It also describes surface mining techniques like open-pit mining and strip mining used to extract deposits near the earth's surface, as well as subsurface mining techniques like shaft mining used for deeper deposits. Factors that affect decisions around mineral extraction include the grade, size and value of deposits as well as costs of exploration, transportation and environmental impacts.
Building Stones.pdf
Stones have been used in construction for thousands of years in buildings all over the world. They are classified geologically based on their mode of formation as igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic rocks. Igneous rocks form from cooling magma, sedimentary rocks form from compressed sediments, and metamorphic rocks form from changes to existing rocks. Stones are also classified chemically based on their dominant composition of silica, calcareous, or argillaceous materials. Structurally, stones can occur as massive unstratified rocks, stratified layered rocks, or foliated banded rocks. Many historical structures were constructed of stone and it remains an important building material.
Building Stones
Stones have been used in construction for thousands of years in buildings all over the world. They are classified geologically based on their mode of formation as igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic rocks. Igneous rocks form from cooling magma, sedimentary rocks form from compressed sediments, and metamorphic rocks form from changes to existing rocks. Stones are also classified chemically based on their dominant composition of silica, calcareous, or argillaceous minerals. Structurally, stones can occur as massive unstratified rocks, stratified layered rocks, or foliated banded rocks. Many historical structures were constructed of stone and it remains an important building material.
Paleontological Techniques
The document discusses various techniques used in paleontology for identifying, excavating, and studying fossils. It describes how paleontologists can identify different fossils based on characteristics like shape, texture, and structure. Excavation is explained as a careful process of removing rock surrounding bones. Preparation techniques are also summarized, including acid maceration to extract microfossils, film pull for delicate fossils, and embedding in resin to preserve position.
HOA1&2 - Module 3 - PREHISTORCI ARCHITECTURE OF KERALA.pptx
Prehistoric built structures of Kerala, Topics from M.G University B.Arch syllabus 2019, Module III
Kasthurba aia-chicago21 may2014
Laterite Monuments of Malabar region, Western India
Dr Kasthurba A K presents on the laterite monuments of Malabar region in Western India. She discusses the properties and weathering of laterite stone, highlighting various prehistoric megaliths, maritime forts from the 16th-18th centuries like Bekkal Fort and Tellicherry Fort, as well as religious structures built with laterite. Laboratory experiments show laterite's compressive strength and susceptibility to salt crystallization weathering when damp. Conservation requires protecting weaker laterite from damp conditions to prevent strength decline and deterioration.
Similar to Megalithic period (10)
Mudu Konaje Megalithic Dolmen Site -Plutus Academy Current Affairs.pdf
Mudu Konaje Megalithic Dolmen Site -Plutus Academy Current Affairs.pdf
Megalithic Culture of India, Megalithic Culture of Penisular India
Megalithic Culture of India, Megalithic Culture of Penisular India
HOA1&2 - Module 3 - PREHISTORCI ARCHITECTURE OF KERALA.pptx
HOA1&2 - Module 3 - PREHISTORCI ARCHITECTURE OF KERALA.pptx
More from Shiji VS
Internet and social science classroom
The document discusses the advantages of technology in classrooms, including students being more engaged in learning, teachers feeling successful, and lessons being rich in content. It notes benefits like students working at their own pace, finishing products, and positively impacting learning. It also describes virtual classrooms for online teaching that have no limits on time or distance, can reach all students, and allow for classroom discussions and honest feedback.
Heritage (QUIZ)
The document discusses several famous historical and cultural sites in South Asia. It mentions Varkala cliff in Kerala which received a Geological monument award, Rani Ki Vav stepwell in Gujarat, and Karumadikuttan rock formation. These and other ancient sites like Takshasila in Pakistan, Valabhi in Gujarat, and Somapura in Bangladesh were important centers of learning. Additionally, it refers to the Khajuraho temple in Odisha which is known as the black pagoda.
Culture (QUIZ)
The document provides information about various aspects of Indian culture, including the famous "kathak queen" Sitara Devi, that the main source of India's classical dance forms is the Natya-shasthra written by Bharata Muni, that the art forms of Kerala included in UNESCO's intangible cultural heritage lists are Mudiyettu and Koodiyattam, that Bihu is the folk dance of Assam, and that the style of painting called Madhubani means "honey-forest".
Awards and honours (quiz)
Manjul Bhargava, an Indian mathematician, won the Fields Medal in 2014. Martha Dodray, a global health leader, received a UN award in 2013 for her work eradicating polio in India. Eleanor Catton from New Zealand was the youngest ever winner of the Man Booker Prize in 2013. Maestro Zubin Mehta received the Tagore Award for Cultural Harmony in 2013. The Nobel Prize for Literature in 2014 was awarded to French author Patric Modiyano.
04.visual round
The document identifies various people and historical events through images, including:
1) M.V. Kamath, who witnessed the executions of Nathuram Godse and India's independence ceremony.
2) Chuck Yeager, the first pilot to break the sound barrier in 1947.
3) Muhammad Ali Jinnah standing next to Gandhi.
4) Vappala Pangunni Menon, who played a role in India's partition and political integration while standing next to Nehru.
5) The Jallianwala Bagh massacre, depicted in a painting.
03.sports round (quiz)
This document contains 11 multiple choice sports trivia questions. The questions cover topics like the founding chairman of the World Blind Cricket Council, the motto of the Asian Games, the autobiography of boxer Mary Kom, the cricketer who reached 6000 runs in one day cricket in a short time, the first Indian to win gold at the 17th Asian Games, who co-authored a book with Boriya Majumdhar, the first recipient of the Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna award, the youngest recipient of the Bharat Ratna award, the winner of the 2014 New Delhi half marathon, the country that withdrew from hosting the 2018 Asian Games due to financial constraints, and the coach of Abhinav Bind
02 Quiz .science and tech round
The document discusses various science and technology related trivia questions and their answers. It includes questions about the Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), the popular name for Rubik's Cube, the social network that ended service in 2014 (Orkut), the meaning of the acronym VIRUS, the Android operating system version widely used (Kit Kat), the Indian software company acquired by Facebook in 2014 (Little Eye Labs), the year the Kyoto Protocol was extended to (2020), the meaning of the word Ebola (Black river), the Indian warship featured on a 2013 stamp (INS Vikramadithya), and the term for a species at high risk of extinction (Endangered). It also connects the
01. Republic day quiz , first round
This document provides a summary of an intra-collegiate quiz competition organized by the BEd Social Science Department in 2015. It includes 11 multiple choice questions about important people and events related to the history of the Indian independence movement and founding of the Indian Republic such as Pingali Venkayya who designed the Indian national flag, the date of Indian independence, first guest at India's Republic Day celebration, and national song adoption.
Visual round gandhi quiz
- He was an Assamese nobleman in British India who helped establish tea gardens in Assam and was initially a loyal ally to the British East India Company but was later hanged for conspiring against them in the 1857 uprising.
- Mahatma Gandhi, his wife Kasturba Gandhi and his secretary Mahadev Desai were interned in this palace from 1942-1944 following the Quit India Movement.
- The document asks what connection there is between Gandhi and the British actor who portrayed a millionaire in Jurassic Park.
Gandhi quiz 1st round
This is one of the ppt I prepared for conduct a Gandhi quiz in my college.(Government College of Teacher Education Thycaud, Trivandrum.
More from Shiji VS (10)
Recently uploaded
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit Innovation
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 Inventory
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
Bed Making ( Introduction, Purpose, Types, Articles, Scientific principles, N...
Topic : Bed making
Subject : Nursing Foundation
Wound healing PPT
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Advanced Java[Extra Concepts, Not Difficult].docx
This is part 2 of my Java Learning Journey. This contains Hashing, ArrayList, LinkedList, Date and Time Classes, Calendar Class and more.
How to Create a More Engaging and Human Online Learning Experience
How to Create a More Engaging and Human Online Learning Experience Wahiba Chair Training & Consulting
Wahiba Chair's Talk at the 2024 Learning Ideas Conference. ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/pecb/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation results
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
clinical examination of hip joint (1).pdf
described clinical examination all orthopeadic conditions .
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
Solutons Maths Escape Room Spatial .pptx
Solutions of Puzzles of Mathematics Escape Room Game in Spatial.io
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptx
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective UpskillingExcellence Foundation for South Sudan
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.Recently uploaded (20)
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit Innovation
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit Innovation
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 Inventory
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 Inventory
NEWSPAPERS - QUESTION 1 - REVISION POWERPOINT.pptx
NEWSPAPERS - QUESTION 1 - REVISION POWERPOINT.pptx
B. Ed Syllabus for babasaheb ambedkar education university.pdf
B. Ed Syllabus for babasaheb ambedkar education university.pdf
Bed Making ( Introduction, Purpose, Types, Articles, Scientific principles, N...
Bed Making ( Introduction, Purpose, Types, Articles, Scientific principles, N...
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
How to Create a More Engaging and Human Online Learning Experience
How to Create a More Engaging and Human Online Learning Experience
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptx
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptx
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Megalithic period
- 1. Presentedby SHIJI V. S GCTE ,THYCAUD 9/24/2015 1
- 3. Megalithic Period The period when the megalithic monuments were constructed is known as the Megalithic period 9/24/2015 3
- 4. Nannangadi • The practice of burying the remains of the deceased by placing them it in a big urn prevailed in ancient Tamilakam. • The urns used for burying the dead body are known as urn burials or nannangadi 9/24/2015 4
- 5. Megalithic monuments • In some areas big stones were placed above the urn burials.ie., stone circle, dolmen,cist, rock chamber, thoppikkallu (tomb stone ) , kudakkallu (umbrella stone ), sarcophagus, menhir, etc were remarkable among them. They are known as the megalithic monuments. 9/24/2015 5
- 6. Megalithic period • The period when the megalithic monuments were constructed is known as the megalithic period. 9/24/2015 6
- 7. Dolmens Dolmens are standing stones . 9/24/2015 7
- 8. Kudakkallu This is also known as umbrella stone. 9/24/2015 8
- 9. This is also standing stone. Menhir 9/24/2015 9
- 14. 9/24/2015 14
- 15. 9/24/2015 15
- 16. Thank you ! 9/24/2015 16