Medical Student Research Thesis Program - Suggested Slides * IntroductionPresent existing body of knowledge or existing problemState “gaps” in knowledge/understandingWhat “gaps” will your study address? EXAMPLE: The prevalence of diabetes is increasing rapidly worldwide, and it is estimated that 439 million adults will be affected by diabetes by 2030Type 2 diabetes(T2DM)identification of risk factors of T2DM is of significant importance to the primary prevention40% of children, 33% of male nonsmokers and 35% of female non-smokers were exposed to passive smoking worldwidePassive smoking can cause disease, disability, and deathLittle is known about the relationship between passive smoking and T2DM risk. Medical Student Research Thesis Program - Suggested Slides * Research Question What is the relationship between passive smoking and type 2 diabetes mellitus [T2DM]? THIS IS JUST A SAMPLE HOW THE POWER will look like--- pls use this as sampls to the topic Medical Student Research Thesis Program - Suggested Slides * Objectives (or Specific Aims)Meta-analysis to systematically assess the association between passive smoking and risk of T2DM based on prospective cohort studies. Medical Student Research Thesis Program - Suggested Slides * MethodsEligibility criteria: Types of studies Types of participants Types of interventions Types of outcome measures Medical Student Research Thesis Program - Suggested Slides * Methods (Cont.)Search Strategies and Data SourcesSystematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane library and Web of Science Date: 2000 to 2013 to identify relevant prospective cohort studies regarding the association between passive smoking and risk of T2DM. Searched the reference lists of all retrieved articles to identify any additional literatures.English languageThe search terms were: Diabetes mellitus, type 2 OR Diabetes mellitus OR Pre-diabetic state OR impaired fasting glucose OR impaired glucose tolerance OR Metabolic syndrome OR Glucose intolerance OR Hyperglycemia OR Glucose metabolism disorders OR Insulin resistance OR Glucose) AND (Tobacco smoke pollution OR Passive smoking OR Air pollution, tobacco smoke OR Second-hand smoking OR Involuntary smoking) Medical Student Research Thesis Program - Suggested Slides * Methods (Cont.)Methodological Quality AssessmentTwo independent reviewers; disagreements would be resolved by consensusThe reference groups were never smokers who were not exposed to passive smokingRisk estimates (including RRs, ORs and HRs) adjusted for the maximum number of confounding variables with corresponding 95%Cis Data extractionVariable extracted:Name of the first author, publication year, study location, age of the participants, total number of participants involved, confounding factors that were adjusted for in the analysisA 9-star system based on the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used for quality assessment. 4, 2, 3 scores were assigned for selection of study groups, c ...