This document provides a timeline of various media throughout history, spanning from 20,000 BC to the present day. It describes some of the earliest forms of media like cave paintings from 40,000 years ago. It then discusses the development of hieroglyphs in ancient Egypt, Buddhist texts like the Diamond Sutra from 200-500 AD, and the introduction of the printing press in 15th century Europe. The timeline continues with innovations in color printing, photography, phonographs, computers, the early internet (Web 1.0), and modern devices and platforms (Web 2.0).
This slideshow covers two units from an art history course - What is Art? and Technologies of Art Production. It discusses various definitions and theories of art from philosophers like Tolstoy and Berger. It also examines different materials and processes used in artmaking across mediums like drawing, painting, printmaking, photography, sculpture, ceramics, and new media. Key examples are provided to illustrate techniques like fresco painting, oil painting, lithography, and casting in bronze.
The document provides information on various artists and artworks:
- Barbara Hepworth's sculpture "Pelagos" was inspired by the coast of Cornwall.
- Henry Moore's "Recumbent Figure" sculpture was commissioned for a house in Sussex.
- Peter Lowe uses simple arithmetic forms and layering in works like "Diagonal Grey Relief".
- Francis Newton Souza's painting "Crucifixion" depicts Christ as a dark-skinned man.
- Frances Bacon's "Three Studies for Figures at the Base of a Crucifixion" relates to Greek myths.
- The rock band King Crimson was formed in 1968 and has influenced many other bands.
This document provides information about Billie Samuel's university coursework including various art projects exploring different mediums and techniques. Some of the projects discussed include experimenting with Indian ink, collagraph printing, life drawing using charcoal and pen and watercolor, abstract ceramic work inspired by other artists, creating digital patterns in Photoshop, repetitive drawing and ceramics, initial research on giving animals a voice, and self-directed oil pastel studies.
There are a few key reasons why the face, and self-portraits in particular, have been so prominent in the history of art:
1. The face is one of the most expressive parts of the human body. Artists have long used facial expressions and features to convey emotions, thoughts, and psychological states. Self-portraits allow artists to directly explore and communicate their own inner experiences.
2. Portraiture has historically been one of the major genres of art, used to document important people and events. Self-portraits allowed artists to insert themselves into history and assert their own identity and importance.
3. The development of mirrors made self-portraiture technically possible for the first time. This coincided
The document discusses several abstract artists including Piet Mondrian, Marcel Duchamp, Pablo Picasso, and Wassily Kandinsky. It traces Mondrian's evolution from representational to abstract art through his paintings from 1908 to 1942. It also examines differing views on abstract art, with Picasso stating it must start from something real, while Kandinsky believed art should renounce the object altogether. Duchamp is quoted saying eroticism is closer to life than philosophy. The document provides context on the development of abstract art through key modern artists.
The document discusses different techniques used in etching and engraving artwork. It describes how etching involves using acids to draw into metal plates to create lines that hold ink, while engraving uses tools to cut directly into metal plates. Some key etching artists mentioned include Albrecht Dürer, Rembrandt, William Blake, and William Hogarth. Different types of shading techniques used in etching such as hatching, cross-hatching, and stippling are also defined.
Israeli illustrator Noma Bar uses negative space in his clever illustrations to convey thought-provoking ideas. His simple yet clever artwork leaves viewers impressed by how he relies on surrounding space, not lines, to provide shape and meaning. Bar has illustrated over 60 magazine covers and published two books exploring negative space and its ability to reference uncomfortable topics.
Pablo Picasso was a Spanish painter who became one of the most influential artists of the 20th century. He helped pioneer the Cubist movement through works like "Les Demoiselles d'Avignon" by depicting objects from multiple perspectives at once rather than a single viewpoint. Cubism broke from traditional realistic representations of nature with geometric shapes and forms. Picasso also went through periods known as the Blue Period and Rose Period where he depicted themes of sadness or happiness through dominant color palettes in his paintings. His massive anti-war painting "Guernica" depicted the suffering of war through black and white imagery.
This slideshow covers two units from an art history course - What is Art? and Technologies of Art Production. It discusses various definitions and theories of art from philosophers like Tolstoy and Berger. It also examines different materials and processes used in artmaking across mediums like drawing, painting, printmaking, photography, sculpture, ceramics, and new media. Key examples are provided to illustrate techniques like fresco painting, oil painting, lithography, and casting in bronze.
The document provides information on various artists and artworks:
- Barbara Hepworth's sculpture "Pelagos" was inspired by the coast of Cornwall.
- Henry Moore's "Recumbent Figure" sculpture was commissioned for a house in Sussex.
- Peter Lowe uses simple arithmetic forms and layering in works like "Diagonal Grey Relief".
- Francis Newton Souza's painting "Crucifixion" depicts Christ as a dark-skinned man.
- Frances Bacon's "Three Studies for Figures at the Base of a Crucifixion" relates to Greek myths.
- The rock band King Crimson was formed in 1968 and has influenced many other bands.
This document provides information about Billie Samuel's university coursework including various art projects exploring different mediums and techniques. Some of the projects discussed include experimenting with Indian ink, collagraph printing, life drawing using charcoal and pen and watercolor, abstract ceramic work inspired by other artists, creating digital patterns in Photoshop, repetitive drawing and ceramics, initial research on giving animals a voice, and self-directed oil pastel studies.
There are a few key reasons why the face, and self-portraits in particular, have been so prominent in the history of art:
1. The face is one of the most expressive parts of the human body. Artists have long used facial expressions and features to convey emotions, thoughts, and psychological states. Self-portraits allow artists to directly explore and communicate their own inner experiences.
2. Portraiture has historically been one of the major genres of art, used to document important people and events. Self-portraits allowed artists to insert themselves into history and assert their own identity and importance.
3. The development of mirrors made self-portraiture technically possible for the first time. This coincided
The document discusses several abstract artists including Piet Mondrian, Marcel Duchamp, Pablo Picasso, and Wassily Kandinsky. It traces Mondrian's evolution from representational to abstract art through his paintings from 1908 to 1942. It also examines differing views on abstract art, with Picasso stating it must start from something real, while Kandinsky believed art should renounce the object altogether. Duchamp is quoted saying eroticism is closer to life than philosophy. The document provides context on the development of abstract art through key modern artists.
The document discusses different techniques used in etching and engraving artwork. It describes how etching involves using acids to draw into metal plates to create lines that hold ink, while engraving uses tools to cut directly into metal plates. Some key etching artists mentioned include Albrecht Dürer, Rembrandt, William Blake, and William Hogarth. Different types of shading techniques used in etching such as hatching, cross-hatching, and stippling are also defined.
Israeli illustrator Noma Bar uses negative space in his clever illustrations to convey thought-provoking ideas. His simple yet clever artwork leaves viewers impressed by how he relies on surrounding space, not lines, to provide shape and meaning. Bar has illustrated over 60 magazine covers and published two books exploring negative space and its ability to reference uncomfortable topics.
Pablo Picasso was a Spanish painter who became one of the most influential artists of the 20th century. He helped pioneer the Cubist movement through works like "Les Demoiselles d'Avignon" by depicting objects from multiple perspectives at once rather than a single viewpoint. Cubism broke from traditional realistic representations of nature with geometric shapes and forms. Picasso also went through periods known as the Blue Period and Rose Period where he depicted themes of sadness or happiness through dominant color palettes in his paintings. His massive anti-war painting "Guernica" depicted the suffering of war through black and white imagery.
Israeli illustrator Noma Bar uses negative space in his clever illustrations to convey thought-provoking ideas. His simple yet clever artwork leaves viewers impressed by how he relies on surrounding space, not lines, to provide shape and meaning. Bar has illustrated over 60 magazine covers and published two books exploring negative space and its ability to reference uncomfortable topics.
This document provides guidance for a series of art projects focused on environment and place. It includes instructions to photograph one's environment over time, create a collage and monoprint based on the photographs, do an art intervention installing a work in a public space and documenting it, and create collages exploring ideas of place by rearranging rooms or objects into new environments. It discusses several artists who have worked with themes of place, including Iosif Kiraly, Sean Hillen, Mark Dion, and Gordon Matta-Clark as inspiration. Students are encouraged to think conceptually about how environments shape people and narratives.
Cubism was a highly influential early 20th century avant-garde art movement that revolutionized European painting and sculpture. Cubist artists such as Picasso, Braque, Gris, and Gutfreund depicted subjects from multiple viewpoints rather than a single perspective, analyzing and reassembling objects into geometric fragments. This new approach emerged from influences like African tribal art and the post-Impressionist paintings of Cézanne and was a radical rejection of traditional perspective in favor of depicting the subject's essence. Cubism had a profound impact on subsequent artistic movements and continues to influence artists worldwide.
Pablo Picasso was a Spanish painter and sculptor who lived from 1881 to 1973. He co-founded Cubism, an influential art movement, and is considered one of the greatest artists in history. Cubism involves depicting subjects from multiple views simultaneously, such as showing the front and side of a face in one image. During his Cubist period from 1909-1912, Picasso focused on geometric shapes and less on color in works like Woman with a Guitar. He is also known for works from his Blue Period and Rose Period which featured monochromatic or pink/orange color schemes respectively.
The document discusses several early 20th century art movements that influenced graphic design, including Cubism, Futurism, Dada, Surrealism, and Expressionism. Cubism depicted subjects from multiple angles and used geometric forms inspired by African masks. Futurism, led by Filippo Marinetti, celebrated speed, technology, and modernity. Dada sought to attack artistic tradition through works by artists like Marcel Duchamp. Surrealism incorporated techniques like collage and photomontage. Expressionism aimed to convey emotional experiences through works from artists such as Käthe Schmidt Kollwitz. These movements explored new approaches to visual composition that expanded what was considered art and influenced innovative designs.
Brief history of printmaking presentation illustrating the different techniques of printmaking from lino-cuts, silkscreen, woodcuts and etching/engraving from artists past and present.
The document traces the evolution of media from pre-industrial times to the modern information age. In the pre-industrial age, early forms of media included cave paintings, clay tablets, papyrus, and woodblock printing. During the industrial age, developments like the printing press, newspapers, photography, film, radio, and telephones emerged. The electronic age saw the rise of television, computers, and transistor technology. Finally, the information age has been defined by the internet, social media, mobile devices, and digital media.
This document provides a high-level overview of the history of printing from 3000 BC to the 20th century. Key developments include the earliest forms of printing using seals and stamps in ancient Mesopotamia and China, the invention of paper in China in the 2nd century AD, the development of movable type in China in the 11th century, Gutenberg's invention of the printing press in the 15th century, which accelerated the spread of printing in Europe, and major printing innovations and techniques introduced over subsequent centuries such as lithography, photography, and offset printing.
The document provides a history of photography from its origins to its widespread adoption in the late 1800s. It describes how the camera obscura was used by early artists before the invention of photography. Joseph Nicephore Niepce created the first permanent photograph in 1826 and Louis Daguerre later invented the daguerreotype process in 1839, which became very popular for portraits. William Henry Fox Talbot also developed the calotype process using negatives. The American Civil War was a turning point where photography was used extensively to document battles and soldiers.
Printing is a process for mass reproducing text and images using a master form or template. The earliest non-paper products involving printing include cylinder seals and objects such as the Cyrus Cylinder and the Cylinders of Nabonidus. The earliest known form of printing as applied to paper was woodblock printing
Printing is a process for mass reproducing text and images using a master form or template. The earliest non-paper products involving printing include cylinder seals and objects such as the Cyrus Cylinder and the Cylinders of Nabonidus. The earliest known form of printing as applied to paper was woodblock printing
1. Several important 15th century inventions are described, including the anemometer (wind speed measurer), the Nuremberg terrestrial globe created by Martin Behaim, the caravel ship developed by the Portuguese, and the earliest known screwdriver.
2. Key figures from the 15th-16th centuries are discussed, such as William Caxton who established the first printing press in England, Leonardo da Vinci who made designs for many inventions, Johannes Gutenberg who invented the printing press with movable type, Galileo Galilei who invented the thermometer and made discoveries with the telescope, and Zacharias Janssen who invented the compound microscope.
3. Other inventions described include the pencil
Photography evolved over centuries from early concepts of the camera obscura and pinhole cameras to the first permanent photograph in 1826. Key developments included Daguerre's daguerreotype process in 1839, Talbot's calotype process producing negatives, and the widespread adoption of photography following its introduction to the United States in the 1840s. Advances like the tintype and gelatin dry plates improved accessibility and allowed photographs to document events like the Civil War. The introduction of portable cameras like the Kodak in the late 1800s enabled photography to become a popular hobby and art form.
Typography was invented independently in China and Europe. Woodblock printing, the first method of mechanical book reproduction, was developed in China in the Tang Dynasty and spread to other East Asian countries. In Europe, xylographic printing using carved wooden blocks began in the 13th century. Johannes Gutenberg developed the metal movable type printing press around 1450, vastly increasing production. Printing then spread across Europe in the late 15th century, allowing mass reproduction of books for the first time. Typography was introduced to Russia in the mid-16th century and further advanced with early Russian printer Ivan Fedorov. Modern printing techniques continue to develop and are now widely used.
Chapter 1a of a university course in media history by Prof. Bill Kovarik, based on the book Revolutions in Communication: Media History from Gutenberg to the Digital Age (Bloomsbury, 2nd ed., 2015).
This document provides a history of writing instruments from ancient times to modern day. It describes how early humans scratched on clay tablets with bone or bronze tools around 4000 BC. The Egyptians developed writing with pictures on papyrus scrolls using thin reed brushes around 3000 BC. During the Roman era from 1300 BC, wax tablets were used with metal styli to write and erase. From 600-1800 AD, quill pens became popular in Europe for writing on parchment. In the 1800s, metal nib pens replaced quill pens and fountain pens were invented in the 1880s. The modern ballpoint pen was invented in the 1940s. New writing instruments like felt tip pens, rollerballs, and ergonomic designs were
The document provides an overview of etching as an art form and printmaking technique. It discusses how etching involves using acids to draw lines into metal printing plates, which are then used to create intaglio prints. Some key etching artists mentioned include Albrecht Dürer, Rembrandt, William Blake, and William Hogarth. Different types of shading techniques used in etching such as hatching, cross-hatching, and stippling are also defined.
Photography has evolved significantly since its invention in the early 19th century. Early methods like the daguerreotype required exposures of up to 8 hours, but advances like the use of film by George Eastman and 35mm cameras made photography faster and more accessible. The development of digital photography in the 1980s transformed the industry, allowing photos to be instantly captured, edited, and shared. While photography was once a complex chemical process, today's digital cameras make it possible to take high-quality photos with a smartphone in seconds.
The history of photography began with early experiments and discoveries in optics and light in ancient Greece and China. The first permanent photograph was created by Joseph Niépce in 1827 using a camera obscura. Louis Daguerre later developed an early photographic process known as the daguerreotype. In the mid-1800s, advances such as the wet plate negative process and dry plates made photography more portable and accessible. The development of roll film and handheld cameras in the late 1800s brought photography to the masses. In the early 1900s, Oskar Barnack created the 35mm film format, which became the standard for film cameras. Digital photography was introduced in the late 20th century, revolutionizing the industry.
ppt on HISTORY OF PHOTOGRAPHY , HIMANSHU KUMAR, 2209200016.pptxHimanshusharma31481
This document provides a brief history of photography from its origins to modern digital photography. It describes how the concept of the camera obscura and pinhole cameras date back thousands of years. Key early developments included the coining of the term "photography" in 1839, Joseph Nicephore Niepce creating the first permanent photograph in 1826, and Louis Daguerre announcing his daguerreotype process in 1839. George Eastman introduced widely available roll film cameras with the Kodak in the late 1880s, while digital cameras began replacing film cameras in the 1990s and 2000s.
Photography has evolved significantly since its origins in the early 19th century. Early forms included the camera obscura and experiments capturing images on light-sensitive surfaces. The first permanent photograph was taken by Nicephore Niepce in 1826 using a process called heliography. Louis Daguerre later refined the process, known as the daguerreotype. William Fox Talbot invented the calotype process, allowing prints from negatives. George Eastman developed roll film and simplified cameras like the Kodak and Brownie, making photography accessible to the masses. Throughout its history, photography has been used for art, social documentation, science and industry, and new digital technologies continue its advancement.
Israeli illustrator Noma Bar uses negative space in his clever illustrations to convey thought-provoking ideas. His simple yet clever artwork leaves viewers impressed by how he relies on surrounding space, not lines, to provide shape and meaning. Bar has illustrated over 60 magazine covers and published two books exploring negative space and its ability to reference uncomfortable topics.
This document provides guidance for a series of art projects focused on environment and place. It includes instructions to photograph one's environment over time, create a collage and monoprint based on the photographs, do an art intervention installing a work in a public space and documenting it, and create collages exploring ideas of place by rearranging rooms or objects into new environments. It discusses several artists who have worked with themes of place, including Iosif Kiraly, Sean Hillen, Mark Dion, and Gordon Matta-Clark as inspiration. Students are encouraged to think conceptually about how environments shape people and narratives.
Cubism was a highly influential early 20th century avant-garde art movement that revolutionized European painting and sculpture. Cubist artists such as Picasso, Braque, Gris, and Gutfreund depicted subjects from multiple viewpoints rather than a single perspective, analyzing and reassembling objects into geometric fragments. This new approach emerged from influences like African tribal art and the post-Impressionist paintings of Cézanne and was a radical rejection of traditional perspective in favor of depicting the subject's essence. Cubism had a profound impact on subsequent artistic movements and continues to influence artists worldwide.
Pablo Picasso was a Spanish painter and sculptor who lived from 1881 to 1973. He co-founded Cubism, an influential art movement, and is considered one of the greatest artists in history. Cubism involves depicting subjects from multiple views simultaneously, such as showing the front and side of a face in one image. During his Cubist period from 1909-1912, Picasso focused on geometric shapes and less on color in works like Woman with a Guitar. He is also known for works from his Blue Period and Rose Period which featured monochromatic or pink/orange color schemes respectively.
The document discusses several early 20th century art movements that influenced graphic design, including Cubism, Futurism, Dada, Surrealism, and Expressionism. Cubism depicted subjects from multiple angles and used geometric forms inspired by African masks. Futurism, led by Filippo Marinetti, celebrated speed, technology, and modernity. Dada sought to attack artistic tradition through works by artists like Marcel Duchamp. Surrealism incorporated techniques like collage and photomontage. Expressionism aimed to convey emotional experiences through works from artists such as Käthe Schmidt Kollwitz. These movements explored new approaches to visual composition that expanded what was considered art and influenced innovative designs.
Brief history of printmaking presentation illustrating the different techniques of printmaking from lino-cuts, silkscreen, woodcuts and etching/engraving from artists past and present.
The document traces the evolution of media from pre-industrial times to the modern information age. In the pre-industrial age, early forms of media included cave paintings, clay tablets, papyrus, and woodblock printing. During the industrial age, developments like the printing press, newspapers, photography, film, radio, and telephones emerged. The electronic age saw the rise of television, computers, and transistor technology. Finally, the information age has been defined by the internet, social media, mobile devices, and digital media.
This document provides a high-level overview of the history of printing from 3000 BC to the 20th century. Key developments include the earliest forms of printing using seals and stamps in ancient Mesopotamia and China, the invention of paper in China in the 2nd century AD, the development of movable type in China in the 11th century, Gutenberg's invention of the printing press in the 15th century, which accelerated the spread of printing in Europe, and major printing innovations and techniques introduced over subsequent centuries such as lithography, photography, and offset printing.
The document provides a history of photography from its origins to its widespread adoption in the late 1800s. It describes how the camera obscura was used by early artists before the invention of photography. Joseph Nicephore Niepce created the first permanent photograph in 1826 and Louis Daguerre later invented the daguerreotype process in 1839, which became very popular for portraits. William Henry Fox Talbot also developed the calotype process using negatives. The American Civil War was a turning point where photography was used extensively to document battles and soldiers.
Printing is a process for mass reproducing text and images using a master form or template. The earliest non-paper products involving printing include cylinder seals and objects such as the Cyrus Cylinder and the Cylinders of Nabonidus. The earliest known form of printing as applied to paper was woodblock printing
Printing is a process for mass reproducing text and images using a master form or template. The earliest non-paper products involving printing include cylinder seals and objects such as the Cyrus Cylinder and the Cylinders of Nabonidus. The earliest known form of printing as applied to paper was woodblock printing
1. Several important 15th century inventions are described, including the anemometer (wind speed measurer), the Nuremberg terrestrial globe created by Martin Behaim, the caravel ship developed by the Portuguese, and the earliest known screwdriver.
2. Key figures from the 15th-16th centuries are discussed, such as William Caxton who established the first printing press in England, Leonardo da Vinci who made designs for many inventions, Johannes Gutenberg who invented the printing press with movable type, Galileo Galilei who invented the thermometer and made discoveries with the telescope, and Zacharias Janssen who invented the compound microscope.
3. Other inventions described include the pencil
Photography evolved over centuries from early concepts of the camera obscura and pinhole cameras to the first permanent photograph in 1826. Key developments included Daguerre's daguerreotype process in 1839, Talbot's calotype process producing negatives, and the widespread adoption of photography following its introduction to the United States in the 1840s. Advances like the tintype and gelatin dry plates improved accessibility and allowed photographs to document events like the Civil War. The introduction of portable cameras like the Kodak in the late 1800s enabled photography to become a popular hobby and art form.
Typography was invented independently in China and Europe. Woodblock printing, the first method of mechanical book reproduction, was developed in China in the Tang Dynasty and spread to other East Asian countries. In Europe, xylographic printing using carved wooden blocks began in the 13th century. Johannes Gutenberg developed the metal movable type printing press around 1450, vastly increasing production. Printing then spread across Europe in the late 15th century, allowing mass reproduction of books for the first time. Typography was introduced to Russia in the mid-16th century and further advanced with early Russian printer Ivan Fedorov. Modern printing techniques continue to develop and are now widely used.
Chapter 1a of a university course in media history by Prof. Bill Kovarik, based on the book Revolutions in Communication: Media History from Gutenberg to the Digital Age (Bloomsbury, 2nd ed., 2015).
This document provides a history of writing instruments from ancient times to modern day. It describes how early humans scratched on clay tablets with bone or bronze tools around 4000 BC. The Egyptians developed writing with pictures on papyrus scrolls using thin reed brushes around 3000 BC. During the Roman era from 1300 BC, wax tablets were used with metal styli to write and erase. From 600-1800 AD, quill pens became popular in Europe for writing on parchment. In the 1800s, metal nib pens replaced quill pens and fountain pens were invented in the 1880s. The modern ballpoint pen was invented in the 1940s. New writing instruments like felt tip pens, rollerballs, and ergonomic designs were
The document provides an overview of etching as an art form and printmaking technique. It discusses how etching involves using acids to draw lines into metal printing plates, which are then used to create intaglio prints. Some key etching artists mentioned include Albrecht Dürer, Rembrandt, William Blake, and William Hogarth. Different types of shading techniques used in etching such as hatching, cross-hatching, and stippling are also defined.
Photography has evolved significantly since its invention in the early 19th century. Early methods like the daguerreotype required exposures of up to 8 hours, but advances like the use of film by George Eastman and 35mm cameras made photography faster and more accessible. The development of digital photography in the 1980s transformed the industry, allowing photos to be instantly captured, edited, and shared. While photography was once a complex chemical process, today's digital cameras make it possible to take high-quality photos with a smartphone in seconds.
The history of photography began with early experiments and discoveries in optics and light in ancient Greece and China. The first permanent photograph was created by Joseph Niépce in 1827 using a camera obscura. Louis Daguerre later developed an early photographic process known as the daguerreotype. In the mid-1800s, advances such as the wet plate negative process and dry plates made photography more portable and accessible. The development of roll film and handheld cameras in the late 1800s brought photography to the masses. In the early 1900s, Oskar Barnack created the 35mm film format, which became the standard for film cameras. Digital photography was introduced in the late 20th century, revolutionizing the industry.
ppt on HISTORY OF PHOTOGRAPHY , HIMANSHU KUMAR, 2209200016.pptxHimanshusharma31481
This document provides a brief history of photography from its origins to modern digital photography. It describes how the concept of the camera obscura and pinhole cameras date back thousands of years. Key early developments included the coining of the term "photography" in 1839, Joseph Nicephore Niepce creating the first permanent photograph in 1826, and Louis Daguerre announcing his daguerreotype process in 1839. George Eastman introduced widely available roll film cameras with the Kodak in the late 1880s, while digital cameras began replacing film cameras in the 1990s and 2000s.
Photography has evolved significantly since its origins in the early 19th century. Early forms included the camera obscura and experiments capturing images on light-sensitive surfaces. The first permanent photograph was taken by Nicephore Niepce in 1826 using a process called heliography. Louis Daguerre later refined the process, known as the daguerreotype. William Fox Talbot invented the calotype process, allowing prints from negatives. George Eastman developed roll film and simplified cameras like the Kodak and Brownie, making photography accessible to the masses. Throughout its history, photography has been used for art, social documentation, science and industry, and new digital technologies continue its advancement.
This document provides a brief history of graphic design from 1500 BC to present day. It discusses important developments like Egyptian hieroglyphics, the printing press, photography, computers, and digital technology. Key figures mentioned include Johannes Gutenberg, Leonardo Da Vinci, Albrecht Durer, William Morris, Bauhaus founders, Paul Rand, Andy Warhol, and contemporary designers. Major events covered are World War II propaganda posters, computer innovations like the mouse and graphics tablet, and the rise of digital design tools like Photoshop. The document traces the evolution of graphic design through the centuries.
Photography evolved over time from early concepts of the camera obscura in ancient China. The first photograph was taken in 1826 by Joseph Niepce using bitumen plates. Louis Daguerre later invented the daguerreotype process in 1839, which used silver-plated copper sheets and mercury fumes to create detailed images. William Henry Fox Talbot invented the calotype process, using paper negatives, around the same time. These inventions launched photography as a new technology and art form. Early photographers documented landscapes, cultures, and events like the American Civil War. Advances like roll film and Kodak cameras brought photography to the masses in the late 1800s. Color photography was developed in the early 1900s.
The document summarizes communication methods from prehistoric times through the early 1900s. During the Stone Age, early humans communicated through cave paintings and rock art such as petroglyphs and pictographs. In pre-printing press times, communication was mainly through handwritten manuscripts. The Industrial Revolution of the 1700s-1800s brought major innovations including the telegraph, Morse code, steam power applications, and the internal combustion engine, transforming transportation. The late 1800s saw the emergence of motion pictures, the Kinetoscope, and the telephone, patented by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876.
This document provides an overview of the early history of photography and graphic design. It discusses the first known photograph taken in 1825 by Nicephore Niepce using heliography. As photography developed, other processes like daguerreotypes, calotypes, tintypes, and ambrotypes became popular. Pioneering photographers discussed include Louis Daguerre, Henry Fox Talbot, Julia Margaret Cameron, Dorothea Lange, Ansel Adams, and others. The document also covers the origins and evolution of graphic design, typography, symbols, posters/advertisements, and book/magazine layout and illustration. Key graphic designers mentioned are Toulouse-Lautrec, the Stenberg brothers, and Milton
1. Presention history of photography.pptmonkasavio
history of photography super intresting presentation 100% true informations, it can provide u with a lot of interesting facts about photography and history of photography and the how it started before ccamera was invented, hope this presentation will be useful for the people who are intresting in the major of cinema or photography and for the newbies to get educated and to know about history of photography before they get into it
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
2. HISTORIC MEDIA
MEDIA SHOWN IN THESE SLIDES IS FROM EARLY HISTORY, SPANNING THE 20,000 BC
TO AS FAR AS THE 5TH CENTURY
3. Cave Paintings are the oldest type of
media discernable in Human history. The
oldest known ones have been as close to
as 40,000 years old, these arts of history
have stood the test of time.
Commonly, they were paintings of
animals and prey that our ancestors
would catch for food, other times it’s more
ambiguous. For example, Cueva de las
Manos, one of the most known paintings
shows multiple handprints. Commonly,
the oldest type of cave paintings are hand
stencils or geometric shapes. This type of
media was most-likely used for informing
and exploring, as if the Humans of the
time were experimenting with different
objects on their walls. Another dispute
says this could be decoration for cave
walls.
CAVE PAINTINGS
c. 13,000-9,000 years ago
Cueva de las Manos
Joseph
O’Boyle
4. Egyptian Hieroglyph was the very first
graphological & hieroglyphic alphabet in
known history. It contained a variety of
types of elements, for example,
logographic, syllabic and alphabetic
elements. The use of hieroglyphs started
from systems in the Bronze Age, around-
about 3200 BC. They eventually
developed into the infamous hieroglyphic
language the Egyptians used for many a
century. Egyptians first picked up this
language form around 2800 BC.
Hieroglyphs were used for a variety of
purposes, most commonly being used for
religious manuscripts (To discern their
other writing between religious writing,
anything religious was written in cursive).
They were also used to record famous
events, most famously in tombs of
emperors in places like the Pyramids. It is
also most likely it was used as a common
writing form, similar to how we use
English today.
HIEROGLYPHS
c. 2800 BC
Seal Impression, 2nd dynasty
Joseph
O’Boyle
5. The Diamond Sutra is a sutra from the
Perfection of Wisdom genre, also known
as the “Prajnaparamita sutras”. It is one
of the most famous and influential sutras
in Asia which was created around. The
Sutra does not have a set date of
creation. People dispute it as being from
the 2nd century to even the 5th century
Anno Domini (AD). The Sutra was used
for informing and inspiring people,
sticking to it’s genre. Because of its
influence, the sutra was reproduced many
times and translated in to several other
East Asian languages, ending up in China
around 401 AD.
The Diamond Sutra contains writing of an
exchange between the Buddha and
Subhuti (a monk alive in the book’s
creation). The book speaks highly of a
wide variety of things. From selflessness,
to not experiencing phenomena and even
liberation.
BOOKS
c. 200-500 AD
The Diamond Sutra
Joseph
O’Boyle
6. MODERN MEDIA
AFTER THIS POINT, ALL TYPES OF MEDIA SHOWN ARE FROM MASS PRODUCE D
SOURCES. THIS IS BECAUSE OF THE DEMAND FOR MORE TYPES OF MEDIA, SO MORE
SUPPLIERS CAME INTO PLAY.
7. Woodblock printing on textiles preceded
printing on paper in both East Asia and
Europe, and the use of different blocks to
produce patterns in colour were common.
The earliest way to add colour to pictures
printed on paper was by hand-colouring,
and this was widely used in both East
Asia and Europe.
Chinese woodcuts have this from at least
eh 13th century, and European ones from
very shortly after in the 15th century.
Elements of the official British Ordnance
Survey maps were coloured by hand by
boys until 1875. Early European books
were often printed leaving spaces
allowing them to be coloured by hand,
include initials, rubrics and other
elements.
COLOUR PRINTING
c. 13th century
Printing block
Rose
Gumble
8. Johannes Gutenberg’s work on the printing press
began approximately 1463 when he partnered
with Andreas Dritzehn (a man who previously in
gem-cutting) and Andreas Heilmann (an owner of
a paper mill). However, it was not until a lawsuit in
1439 against Gutenberg in which the official
records existed.
Due to his previous working as a professional
goldsmith, Gutenberg made use of his skillful
knowledge of metals. He was the first to make
from an alloy of lead, tin and antimony, which was
critical for producing high-quality printed books; he
went on to prove that these were the most suitable
materials to use as they are better suited for
printing. In order to create these lead types,
Gutenberg had used what was considered his
most ingenious inventions – a special matrix
enabling the quick and accurate molding for each
letter.
Gutenberg is also credited with the introduction of
oil-based ink which is more durable than the
water-based inks which were previously used. He
used both paper and vellum – a high-quality
parchment – as his printing materials. In the
Gutenberg Bible, Gutenberg had used a trial of
coloured printing to print a few headings, however
it is only present in some copies.
GUTENBERG PRESS
C. 1463
Gutenberg Press
Rose
Gumble
9. The process of separating stats by separating
the original artwork into red, green and blue
components. Before digital imaging was
developed, the traditional method of doing
this was to photograph the image three times,
using the filter for each primary colour.
However this is achieved, the desired result
is three gray scale images, which represents
red, green and blue components of the
original image.
Cyan, magenta , and yellow are the three
basic colours used for colour reproduction.
When these three colours are variously used
in printing, the result should be a reasonable
reproduction of the original, but in reality, this
is not the case. Due to limitations in the inks,
the darker colours are dirty and muddied. To
resolve this, a black separation is also
created, which improves the shadow and
contrast of the image.
Numerous techniques exist to derive this
black separation from the original image;
these include grey component replacement,
under colour removal, and under colour
addition. (This printing technique is referred
to as CMYK – the “K” standing for key, a
traditional word for the black printing palette.
COLOUR SEPARATION
c. 18th century
CMYK colour separation
Rose
Gumble
10. At the dawn of the Industrial Revolution, the
mechanics of the hand-operated Gutenberg-
style press were still essentially unchanged.
By 1800, Lord Stanhope had successfully
built a press completely made from cast iron,
reducing the force required by 90%, all the
while doubling the size of the printed area. At
the same time, the press was able to print out
480 pages per hour, doubling the output of
the old style press.
There was two alterations made to the
printing press: first was the use of the steam
power which was used for running the
machinery, and the second was the
replacement of the printing flatbed with the
rotary motion of the cylinders. Both of these
two things were for the first time successfully
implemented by the German printer Freidrich
Koenig in a series of press designs devised
between 1802 and 1818.
Koenig and Andreas Freidrich Bauer sold
their first models of The Times in London in
1814, the machine being capable 1100
impressions per hour.
PRINTING PRESS
c.1802-1818
Printing press
Rose
Gumble
11. The first permanent photograph was
made in 1822, using the bitumen-based
heliography process developed by
Nicephore Niepce.
A few years later, the first photographs of
a real world scene, made using a camera
obscura. However a camera exposure
lasting for hours or days was required
In 1829, Niepce made a partenership with
Louis Daguerre and the collaborated to
work out an improved process.
Niepce’s passed away in 1833, and
consequently Daguerre concentrated on
silver-halide based alternatives. He went
on to create his ofirst practical for making
photographs with a camera the
Daguerreotype. It was announced on the
7 January 1839, and working details were
revealed on the 19 August.
Other inventors soon made improvement,
which reduced exposure time from
minutes, to seconds, this advanced
portrait photography truly practical and
widely popular.
However, it had a weaknesses. For
example, the fragility of the mirror-like
image.
PHOTOGRAPH
c.1850-1900’s
Unknown
Haashim
Ahmed
12. The Phonograph was invented in 1877 by
Thomas Edison.
It was the first to be able to reproduce
recorded sound.
Later on, it was also called a
Gramaphone, and in the 1940s, a record
player.
His Phonograph originally recorded sound
to tinfoil wrapped around a rotating
cylinder .A stylus responding to sound
vibrations produced an up and down
groove in the foil.
In the 1880’s it was improved by Graham
Bell, and renamed the Graphophone.
It used wax-coated cardboard cylinders
and a cutting stylus that moved from side
to side in a zig zag groove around the
record.
In the 1890’s, phonograph cylinders were
replaced by flat discs with a spiral groove
running from the periphery to near the
center.
PHONOGRAPH
c. 1877
Phonograph
Haashim
Ahmed
13. First Computer
Charles Babbage, considered the father
of the computer, came up with the idea
of, and invented the first computer in
1833.
Analog
The first modern analog computer was
invented in 1872, by Sir William
Thomson. A mechanical computer that
was used to predict the tides.
The Concept of Modern Computer
The principle was proposed by Alan
Turing in his seminal 1936 paper “On
Computable Numbers” He also proposed
the UCM (universal computing machine),
and proved that a machine can compute
anything given the right instructions to
follow.
THE FIRST COMPUTER
c.1833 and 1981
First computer + Laptop
Ben
McArthur
14. Digital Computers
By 1938 the US Navy had developed an
electromechanical analog computer small
enough to fit in a standard sub. This was
used to calculate the trajectory of torpedoes
that were being fired at moving targets.
Stored Programs
The first computer with a fixed program was
created in 1945 and was based on Turing’s
paper in 1936. Turing then began work in the
National Physical Laboratory, and began
developing what we would know as the first
modern computer. Sadly this was destroyed
at the end WW2
Home Computers
The first thing that we would recognize as a
computer entered the market in 1977 with the
IBM Personal Computer (PC)
Commodore 64
In 1982 home computers were
commonplace, and the commodore 64 was
one of the first in a generation of home
computers, with its primary use as games.
DIGITAL COMPUTERS
c. 1982
Commodore 64
Ben
McArthur
15. Unix Systems
Alternative to windows, this includes the
Macintosh and Linux distributions.
Provides a better and more secure
system, with faster access to its internal
file systems.
Laptops
The first laptop was invented by Adam
Osborne in 1981. Called the Osborne 1, it
cost $1,795. The screen was less than 5
inches. Although it weighed under 5
pounds.
Microsoft
Windows 1.0 was released in 1985 but
with a less advanced graphical user
interface, than the first iMac.
iMac
Introduced in 1998 the iMac was the first
in a long line of good quality computers,
with enough memory to be used as one is
today. This was also the first computer to
contain the Macintosh operating system.
MODERN COMPUTERS
c. 1981
IBM Computer
Ben
McArthur
16. Web 1.0 is a former version of the World
Wide Web, created by Tim Burners-Lee in
1989, with CERN. Web 1.0 consisted of
something a lot more barren and empty
compared to Web 2.0. In the beginning,
the only way of accessing websites was
via either being given a URL, which back
then was gibberish and unpronounceable
(e.g. a URL would be
w.dl;fjkgsdjgfhsdk.csfgs/? Instead of
something like “www.google.co.uk”.), or
you would have to find a website which
gives you direct links in a list.
Web 1.0 did have some functionality. For
example, things from Web 2.0 still find
themselves in the former: Web 1.0 had a
“guestbook” of sorts where visitors could
publish comments, similar to comment
sections.
Web 1.0 was used for lots of purposes.
From informing to entertaining, from
advertising to educating. It’s essentially a
basic internet. And still works to this day.
WEB 1.0
c. 1994
Netscape website on Web 1.0
Joseph
O’Boyle
17. British scientist Kane Kramer invented the
first digital audio player, which he called IXI.
His 1979 prototypes were capable of
producing 1 hour of audio feedback, however
did not enter commercial production.
In 1996 AT&T developed the FlashPAC
digital audio player which had initially used
AT&T Perceptual Audio Coding for music
compression, but in 1997 they switched to
AAC.
The first MP3 player was launched in 1997 by
Saehan Information Systems, which sold its
“MPMan” player in Asia spring 1998.
The first production-volume portable digital
audio player was The Audible Player from
Audible.com – which was available for sale in
January 1998.
More recent media players include the Apple
iPod, Microsoft and Mobile phones which
range from 2001 to 2000.
PERSONAL MEDIA
c. 1980-2002
Rose
Gumble
18. Finally, what we use today. Web 2.0,
A.K.A the “social web” is the web we
know and love. Things like Google,
Facebook, Twitter, Youtube, Snapchat,
Instagram, Tumblr, Bing, MSN, the list
goes on. We use web 2.0 for all
purposes. Informing, educating,
entertaining, product advertising,
improving, and working. The term itself
was created in 1999, and then fully put
into use around 2004. It uses client-side
and server-side clients to network, with
P2P networking. P2P or peer to peer, is a
network in-which two different clients
(client – client or server – client, or client
– server) communicate data, or packets,
between eachother. This is the building
blocks of how we see news sites, search
engines, video streams, social media,
and more.
WEB 2.0
c.2018
Google
Joseph
O’Boyle