The Great Indian Independence Movement

1. THE NON COOPERATION MOVEMENT
BY SAMBIT UPADHYAY

3. THE IDEA OF SATYAGRAHA
• Satyagraha is a term comprising two words; satya or truth, and agrah or insistence.
• Satyagraha is not physical force. A Satyagrahi does not inflict pain on the adversary.
• Satyagraha is pure soul force. Non-Violence is the supreme dharma in a Satyagraha.
• The idea of Satyagraha is emphasized the power of truth and the need to search for
the truth.
• The practice was so successful in the Indian independence movement that Martin
Luther King Jr. emulated it for the American Civil Rights Movement, and so did Nelson
Mandela to protest against South African apartheid.

4. THE GREAT TIMELINE OF INDIA’S INDEPENDENCE
1915 - 1920
1916 – Mahatma Gandhi travelled to CHAMPARAN in BIHAR
to inspire the peasants to struggle against the oppressive
plantation system.
1917 – Mahatma Gandhi organized a Satyagraha to support
the peasants of KHEDA district.
1918 – Mahatma Gandhi went to AHMEDABAD to organize
Satyagraha movement amongst cotton mill workers.
1919 – The Jalianawala Bagh incident took place in
AMRITSAR, PUNJAB.
A Khilafat Committee was formed in BOMBAY in March
1919.
1920 – CALCUTTA Session of the Congress; Mahatma Gandhi
Convinced other leaders to start a Non Cooperation
Movement.

5. 1920 – 1930
1920 – At the NAGPUR Session of the Congress the
Non Cooperation Movement was adopted.
Kisan Sabha was set up in AWADH headed by
Jawaharlal Nehru
1921 – The police in the United Provinces fired at
the peasants in RAE BARELI.
1922 – CHAURI CHAURA incident, a peaceful
demonstration in the market turned out to be a
violent clash with the police.
1928 – Simon Commission arrived in MADRAS, and
were greeted with the slogan of ‘Go Back Simon’.
1929 – The LAHORE Congress formalized the
demand of ‘Purna Swaraj’ or full independence for
India.
1930 – Mahatma Gandhi broke the Salt Law by
manufacturing salt by boiling sea water in DANDI.

7. THE MAIN WEAPONS OF INDIAN NATIONALIST MOVEMENT
Satyagraha – Ahinsa – Resistance
MAJOR MOVEMENTS FOUGHT UNDER LEADERSHIP OF MAHATMA GANDHI

8. GANDHI URGED THE CONGRESS TO LAUNCH A NON-
COOPERATION MOVEMENT ON THREE ISSUES
• Redressal of the wrongs committed in Amritsar, Punjab that entailed the Jallianwala Bagh
massacre and the atrocities related to the marital laws
• Khilafat Issue – Started by Indian Muslims to support Ottomans or the Turkish Muslims
• Accomplishment of Swaraj – Complete Independence

9. THE CURRICULUMS AND STRATEGIES
 Surrender of the titles government awarded.
 The dramatic economic front, foreign goods were
boycotted, liquor shops picketed and burning of
foreign clothes in huge bonfires.
 Merchants and traders refused to trade in foreign
goods or finance foreign trade.
 Boycott of civil services, army, police, courts and
legislative councils, and schools.
 Boycott of Council Elections
 Production of Indian textile, mills and handlooms
went up.

11. RESULT OF THE NON
COOPERATION MOVEMENT
 Calling off of the Non Cooperation Movement.
 A group of protesters participating in the Non Cooperation
movement turned violent, leading to police firing
continuously. In retaliation the demonstrators attacked and
set fire to a police station, killing all of its occupants. The
incident led to the deaths of three civilians and 22 or 23
policemen.
 Mahatma Gandhi was arrested immediately after the Chauri
Chaura incident.
 Gandhi returned from a brief hibernation following his
imprisonment & launch the Civil Disobedience movement in
1930 defying the government’s orders.

12. TOWARDS SWARAJ - INDEPENDENCE
 August 1946 Viceroy of India announces invitation
to Congress to form Provisional Government;
Gandhi opposes partition of India
 June 1947 Indian leaders accept Mountbatten
partition plan; Gandhi opposes it.
 July 1947 Independence of India Bill passed.
 August 14, 1947 Gandhi hails August 15 as a day
for rejoicing for the independence of India but
disapproves the division of the country. Pakistan’s
independence on 14th August, India’s on the 15th.
 January 12, 1948 Gandhi begins fast for communal
peace in Delhi.
 January 18, 1948 Gandhi ends fast after communal
harmony is assured when antagonistic parties came
to a common platform to settle the differences.

15. QUESTION 1
Where was the Kisan Sabha
set up? Which famous
personality led the
committee?
AWADH, UNITED PROVINCES
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU

16. QUESTION 2
What were the three issues on
which the Non Cooperation
Movement instigated with?
A – ACCOMPLISHMENT OF
SWARAJ
B – JALLIANAWALA BAGH
MASSACRE
C – KHILAFAT MOVEMENT

17. QUESTION 3
What were the three most
important movements in Indian
history that lead to the nation’s
independence?
 NON COOPERATION MOVEMENT (1920)
 CIVIL DISOBIDIENCE MOVEMENT (1930)
 QUIT INDIA MOVEMENT (1942)