Physics is the study of matter, energy and forces and their interaction. It seeks to describe and quantify natural phenomena using measurements and mathematics. Some key concepts covered in the document include: - Physics uses experiments and quantitative data that can be reproduced by others. - The International System of Units (SI) provides standardized units for measurements that are used universally. - Key quantities in mechanics include length, mass, and time, which have base SI units of meters, kilograms, and seconds. - Speed, velocity, average speed and velocity, instantaneous speed and velocity, and constant motion are defined in relation to distance, displacement, and time.

1. The word physics is derived from the
Greek word “Fuss” meaning “natural
things”. Physics is a natural science
that involves the study of matter and
its motion through space and time.

2. physics is a way of thinking based on
experiments with numerical results
that can be reproduced by others
mathematics is the language of
science

3. Refers to the process of quantifying or
evaluating an object or phenomenon
using a standard unit or scale. In
involves the assignment of a numerical
values or value category to describe
certain attributed or characteristics of
the object being measured.

6. International System of Unit (SI)
Adopted by the General Conference
on weight and measures in 1960
Standard language for
measurement that virtually all the
professionals can understand,
irrespective of the country where
the measurement is conducted

7. Fundamental Quantities of Mechanics
MASS
It is the measure of the amount of matter
in a body
LENGTH
It refers to the state, quality or fact of
being long
Time
It refers to the number of year, days,
months etc. representing such as interval.

8. System of Units
1. SI/ Metric System: refers to the International System
Units
Length: meter (m)
Mass: gram (g)
Time: second (s)
2. British Units: are used only in Mechanics and
Thermodynamics
Length: feet (ft)
Mass: slug (slug)
Time: second (s)

9. Seven principals or basic units which the units of all
physical quantities can be derived.
Quantity Basic Unit Symbols
Length Meter m
mass kilogram kg
Time second s
Electric current ampere A
Termodynamic
temperature
Kelvin K

10. Symbols
Luminous Intensity Candela cd
Amount of
substance
mole mol
Quantity Basic Unit

11. Multiplier Prefix Symbols
exa E
𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟖
peta P
𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟓
tera T
𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟐
giga G
𝟏𝟎𝟗
mega M
𝟏𝟎𝟔
kilo k
𝟏𝟎𝟑
hecto h
𝟏𝟎𝟐
deka da
𝟏𝟎𝟏

12. Multiplier Prefix Symbols
deci d
𝟏𝟎−𝟏
centi c
𝟏𝟎−𝟐
milli m
𝟏𝟎−𝟑
micro 𝝁
𝟏𝟎−𝟔
nano n
𝟏𝟎−𝟗
pico p
𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟐
femto f
𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟓
atto a
𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟖

13. Convert 100mm to km
100mm km
100mm x
1 mm
𝟏𝟎−𝟑
m x 𝟏𝟎𝟑
m
1km
100 x 𝟏𝟎−𝟑
x
𝟏𝟎𝟑
1
= 𝟏𝟎𝟒
1

14. Convert 50kg to mg
50kg mg
1 kg
𝟏𝟎𝟑
𝐠
50kg x
𝟏𝟎−𝟑𝒈
𝟏𝐦𝐠
x
𝟏𝟎𝟑
50
𝟏𝟎−𝟑
𝟏
x x
x x
=50x 𝟏𝟎𝟑−(−𝟑)
=50x 𝟏𝟎𝟔 𝒎𝒈

15. Convert 500km/hr to m/s
500km/h m/s
𝟓𝟎𝟎𝒌𝒎
𝒉
x
𝟏𝟎𝟑𝒎
𝟏𝒌𝒎
x
𝟏 𝒉
𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟎𝒔
= 1𝟑. 𝟖𝟗 𝒎/𝒔

16. Convert 1g/L to kg/𝒎𝟑
1g/L kg/𝒎𝟑
𝟏𝒈
𝑳
x
𝟏𝒌𝒈
𝟏𝟎𝟑𝒈
x
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝑳
𝟏 𝒎𝟑
=
𝟏𝒌𝒈
𝒎𝟑
Note:
1000L= 𝟏𝒎𝟑

23. David walks 3 km north, then
turns and walks 4 km east.
Express your answer in
kilometers.
Distance = 3km + 4km
= 7km
Displacement
3km
4km

24. Displacement
3km
4km
The Pythagorean Theorem
𝒄𝟐
= 𝒂𝟐
+ 𝒃𝟐
𝒄𝟐
= 𝟑𝟐
+ 𝟒𝟐
𝒄𝟐
= 𝟗 + 𝟏𝟔
𝒄𝟐
= 𝟐𝟓
c= 𝟓 km northeast

25. Examples:
2. Derrick crawls 4 feet then turns 90
degrees and crawls 6 feet.
Express your answer in feet
3. Jim walks 1 mile then turns 90
degrees and walks 2 miles. Express
your answer in miles

26. Examples:
4. Sandy ran 3 blocks north, and then
2 blocks west. Express your answer
in blocks.
5. John flies directly east for 20km,
turns to the north and flies for another
10km before dodging a flock of geese.

27. What is speed
Is the rate of distance
covered at a given time
Formula
Speed =
distance
time
or
s =
d
t

28. Unit of Measurement
Mile per hour (mi/hr)
kilometer per hour (km/hr)
meter per second (m/sec)

29. Joseph travels to school by bus. The
bus usually travels for 2 hours and 4
kilometers to get to school.
v =
4km
2hr
= 2km/hr
Speed is a Scalar quantity
since it has magnitude and
no direction

30. What is velocity:
Velocity is a speed with
direction
Formula
velocity =
displacement
time
or
𝒗 = 𝒅
t

31. Joseph travels to school by bus. The bus usually
travels for 2 hours and 4 kilometers to get to
school. If the displacement of the bus 3km NE
v =
3km NE
2hr
= 1.5km/hr NE
Velocity is a vector quantity
since it has magnitude and
direction

32. What is average speed?
What is average Velocity?
What is instantaneous speed?
What is instantaneous velocity?
What is Constant Motion?

33. Average speed is the total distance traveled
divided by the total time traveled?
v =
4km
2hr
= 2km/hr

34. Average velocity is the total displacement
divided by the total time with direction?
v =
3km NE
2hr
= 1.5km/hr NE

35. Instantaneous speed is a speed at a specific
point in time
30 minutes
speedometer
65km/hr

36. Instantaneous velocity is the speed at a specific
point in time with direction
30 minutes
speedometer
65km/hr east

37. What is Constant Motion?
Constant Motion refers to any type of motion
when either the distance traveled by the object
is the same for each second.
4 hours
60km/hr
1 hours 2hours 3 hours 4 hours
60km/hr 60km/hr 60km/hr 60km/hr