Active / Passive Verb Forms
Sentences can be active or passive. Therefore, tenses also have "active forms" and "passive
forms." You must learn to recognize the difference to successfully speak English.
Active Form
In active sentences, the thing doing the action is the subject of the sentence and the thing
receiving the action is the object. Most sentences are active.
[Thing doing action] + [verb] + [thing receiving action]
Examples:
Passive Form
In passive sentences, the thing receiving the action is the subject of the sentence and the thing
doing the action is optionally included near the end of the sentence. You can use the passive form
if you think that the thing receiving the action is more important or should be emphasized. You can
also use the passive form if you do not know who is doing the action or if you do not want to
mention who is doing the action.
[Thing receiving action] + [be] + [past participle of verb] + [by] + [thing doing action]
Examples:

PEOPLE am (participle)
THING + is (participle) + by
ANIMAL are (participle)
Past Participle of verbs:
bring leave steal
sweep clear turn on
open see take
build serve order
kill injure arrest
take invite advise
buy help wash
find send visit
destroy close pay
pick up allow dress
influence create show
teach advertise choose
vacuum broadcast stop
feed rescue attack
prescribe extract remove
recycle exchange design
 Make sentences with the Simple present in Passive Voice using
the previous verbs
rise read speak
beat beak catch
produce eat drink
ask fly forget
give grow hold
keep make write
elect record hit
invent discover print

Simple Past or Present Perfect
Exercise 1
Put the verbs into the correct tense (simple past or present perfect simple).
1. Mother: I want to prepare dinner. (you / wash) _________________the dishes yet?
2. Daughter: I (wash) ________________the dishes yesterday, but I (have /
not) _________________the time yet to do it today.
3. Mother: (you / do / already) ______________________your homework?
4. Daughter: No, I (come / just) _____________________home from school.
5. Mother: You (come) ________________________home from school two hours ago!
6. Daughter: Well, but my friend Lucy (call) _______________________when
I (arrive)__________________ and I (finish / just) _____________________the phone call.
7. Mother: (you / see / not) ___________________Lucy at school in the morning?
8. Daughter: Yes, but we (have / not) ________________________time to talk then.

Exercise 2
Put the verbs into the correct tense (simple past or present perfect).
1. A: I (cycle / just) ___________________50 km.
2. B: I (cycle) _____________________100 km last week.
3. A: I (write) _____________________an essay yesterday.
4. B: I (write / already) _____________________two essays this term.
5. A: I (ring / just) ____________________my friend.
6. B: I (ring) ________________________my friend 10 minutes ago.
7. A: Two days ago, I (watch) _____________________a Madonna concert on TV.
8. B: I (see / already) _______________________Madonna live in concert.
9. A: I (spend) _________________________my summer holiday in Australia last year.
10. B: I (be / not) __________________________to Australia yet.
Exercise 3
1. A: (you / be / ever) ________________________to London?
2. B: Yes, I (be) ___________________there three times.
3. A: When (be) ____________________the last time you (be) _______________________there?
4. B: Last summer. I (spend) ___________________two weeks in Brighton with my parents and
we (go) __________________to London one weekend.
5. (you / like) ______________________it?
6. Oh yes. We really (have) _____________________a great time in London.
7. Lucky you! I (be / never) _______________________to London.

Exercise 4
1. A: (you / try / ever) ___________________________haggis?
2. B: Oh, yes!
3. A: How often (you / eat) __________________________haggis yet?
4. B: Two times exactly.
5. A: When (you / eat / first) ________________________haggis?
6. B: That (be) ______________________in 2005. We (have) ___________________
a Scottish festival in our town and they also (sell) ___________________traditional
Scottish food. So I (buy) ___________________haggis.
7. A: (you / like) _______________________it?
8. B: It (be / not) ________________________too bad. And I (know /
not) ______________anything about haggis then.
9. A: When (you / find out)_______________________-?
10. B: When I (be) ______________in Scotland in 2007. I (go) ____________to a restaurant
and (order)________________haggis. Afterwards, the waiter (tell) ________________
me about haggis: it's the heart, liver and lungs of a sheep, boiled in the animal's stomach.
Well, I (eat / never) ________________haggis again since then.

Exercise 5
1. A: (you / buy) _________________the tickets for our journey yet?
2. B: Yes, I (go) __________________to the station yesterday and (buy) _______________
the tickets.
3. A: What time (you / go) _________________there?
4. B: I (take) ________________a friend to the station in the morning. His train (leave) ____________
at 9:45.
5. A: (you / pack) _________________your bags yet?
6. B: Of course. And I (ask / already) ____________________my neighbour to empty my letter box.
What about you?
7. B: I (pack) ______________________-my bags two days ago.

Exercise 6
1. Yesterday, my brother (come) ________________home from school, (switch) _______________
on the TV and(watch) __________________TV until dinner (be) ___________________ready.
2. Oh no, it's raining and I (leave) _________________my umbrella at home.
3. Look! There is so much food left. Nobody (eat) ____________________anything.
4. Where (you / be) ________________yesterday? - I (go) _______________to the shopping centre
and (buy) _________________a new computer game.
5. Why don't you want to play football with us this weekend? - I (break) ________________my leg.
6. The road is closed. There (be) __________________an accident.
7. I (have) __________________an accident when I (be) _________________in Manchester last
year.
8. Come on, let's celebrate! Our team (win) ________________the match.

Exercise 7
1. A: (you / play / already) ________________the new computer game?
2. B: No, not yet. I only (buy) ______________it yesterday and I (have / not) ___________the time
yet.
3. A: (you / go) _______________to the cinema last night?
4. B: Yes. I (be) ________________there with Sue and Louis. (you / be) ______________to the
cinema recently?
5. A: I last (go) _________________to the cinema two weeks ago.
6. B: So you (see / not) _________________the new action film yet.
7. A: No, unfortunately not. (you / enjoy) ___________________it?
8. B: Oh, I really (love) ________________it. But Sue (like / not) _______________it - too much
action!
9. A: But why (you / take) _____________her with you? She (tell) ________________me last week
that she (hate) __________________action films.
10. B: I think she has an eye on Louis. She (try) _________________to flirt with him all the time. So
he (can / concentrate / not) __________________on the film.

Exercise 8
1. I (just / finish) ______________________my homework.
2. Mary (already / write) ____________________five letters.
3. Tom (move) ____________________to this town in 1994.
4. My friend (be) ___________________in Canada two years ago.
5. I (not / be) ____________________to Canada so far.
6. But I (already / travel) ______________________to London a couple of times.
7. Last week, Mary and Paul (go) __________________to the cinema.
8. I can't take any pictures because I (not / buy) __________________a new film yet.
9. (they / spend) __________________their holiday in New Zealand last summer?
10. (you / ever / see) ____________________a whale?

BEFORE and AFTER are prepositions in English. There is a grammar rule that
says that a verb must go in GERUND after those prepositions.
Examples:
 Before coming here, I lived in London.
 Jack and Alfred had a shower after playing football.
 After doing the shopping,we went home.
Answer the following exercise:Write sentences using the objective above.
a) (Before / go) abroad, he (finish) his studies.
__________________________________________________________
b) (After / find) a job, he (feel) satisfied.
__________________________________________________________
c ) (Before / be) ill, he (leave) the c ity.
__________________________________________________________
d) (Before / buy) a c ar, they (sell) their motorbike.
__________________________________________________________
e) (Before / stay) in the hotel, he (drive) for ten hours.
__________________________________________________________
f) (After / jog), he (go) to work.
__________________________________________________________

g) (Before / go) to London, he (visit) all the family.
___________________________________________________ _______
h) (After / get) marrie d, they (go) on holiday.
__________________________________________________________
i) (After / have) a bath, he (cook) a pizza.
__________________________________________________________
j) (Before / study) at university, he (travel) around the world.
__________________________________________________________
k) (Before / meet) my husband, I (not play) tennis.
__________________________________________________________

BeforeandAfter+ING
(traduceelsiguientetexto)
John es un empleado de mantenimiento y trabaja para una compañía de importaciones
y exportaciones en la ciudad de Londres. Antes de empezar a trabajar a las 9 de la
mañana, pasa por un café en Starbucks. Después desalir a almorzar con sus compañeros
de trabajo, le habla por teléfono a su esposa para decirle lo que le gustaría comer para
ese día. Termina de trabajar a las 5 pm; pero antes de irsede la oficina le habla por
teléfono a su esposa para preguntarle si necesita algo para la comida.
El lunes pasado, fue un día muy pesado para John. Antes de llegar al trabajo, había una
Van esperando con una entrega de papelería. John tenía que ayudarleal repartidor a
descargar las cajas.
Antes de empezar a poner las cajas en su lugar, John s e hizo una taza de café.
Cuando había terminado, tenía una llamada del secretario de la compañía.
Quería que John reorganizara su oficina y desmantelara y quitara su
escritorio viejo. Antes de irse a almorzar, tuvo que hacer todo esto.
Después de almorzar con sus colegas, regresó a su escritorio y recibió una
llamada de la recepcionista. Un escritorio nuevo había sido entregado.
Después de que recibió la entrega, se fue a una junta en donde estaría por dos
horas. Después de estar en la junta, John pasó una hora y media lavando los
pisos del sótano del edificio. Antes de salir para su casa, John agarró su
mochila y se fue.

Simple Past or Past Progressive
Exercise 1
Put the verbs into the correct tense (Simple Past or Past Progressive).
1. While Tom (read) _________________, Amely (watch) _______________a documentary on TV.
2. Marvin (come) ________________home, (switch) __________________on the computer
and (check) ____________________his emails.
3. The thief (sneak) __________________into the house, (steal) ___________________the jewels
and (leave) ___________________without a trace.
4. Nobody (listen) __________________while the teacher (explain) ________________the tenses.
5. While we (do) __________________a sight-seeing tour, our friends (lie) ______________on the
beach.
6. He (wake) _________________up and (look) ____________________-at his watch.

Exercise 2
1. The receptionist (welcome) ____________________the guests and (ask) _______________them
to fill in the form.
2. The car (break) ___________________down and we (have) ___________________to walk
home.
3. The boys (swim) ____________________while the girls (sunbathe) ____________________.
4. My father (come) __________________in, (look) ________________around
and (tell) _____________me to tidy up my room.
5. As long as one group (prepare) _______________dinner, the others (collect) ___________wood
for their campfire.
6. While the parents (have) _______________breakfast, their children (run) ______________about.
7. Martha (turn) ________________off the lights and (go) _____________________to bed.

Exercise 3
1. We (wait) ______________________ for Jane, when suddenly Louis (come) _________________
around the corner.
2. I (cycle) __________________through the park, when I (hear) __________________a strange
noise.
3. He (pass) ______________________her a message when the teacher (look /
not) __________________.
4. I (fall) ______________________asleep while I (watch) _____________________TV last night.
5. When Mike and Jane (paint) ______________________the walls, their
dog (knock) ______________over the paint pot.
6. Tom (break) _______________________his leg when he (play) ______________________
frisbee.
7. The phone (ring) __________________when I (sit) _____________________on the toilet.

Exercise 4
1. I (jog) _________________in the park, when two squirrels (cross) ______________________my
way.
2. Robert (fall) __________________off the ladder when he (pick) _____________________cherries.
3. Archimedes (discover) _____________________the theory of buoyancy while
he (take) __________________a bath.
4. When we (travel) _____________________around Ireland, we (meet) __________________some
very nice people.
5. While she (speak) _______________________on the phone, the
milk (boil) ___________________over.
6. When I (leave) ______________________the house this morning, the
sun (shine) ________________.
7. Caroline (burn) ______________________her hand when she (iron) _____________________her
clothes.

Exercise 5
1. Two days ago, a murder (happen) _________________________in Market Street at about
seven pm.
2. Yesterday, Sherlock Holmes (arrive) _________________________at the crime scene to
investigate.
3. He (ask) ___________________________one of the tenants in the house.
4. »What (do / you) ____________________________yesterday at seven?«
5. »I (watch) ____________________________a football match on TV.«
6. » (be) _______________________________you alone?«
7. »Yes, I (be) ___________________________________«
8. » (hear / you) __________________________anything suspicious?«
9. »Yes, about seven o'clock, two people (argue) ________________________in the hallway.
But the football match (be) _______________________so interesting. So I
just (turn) ____________________up the telly and then (hear / not) ____________________
anything anymore.«

Exercise 6
1. A: »What (do / you) _________________________yesterday at 8 pm?«
2. B: »I (sit) ______________________in the pub with Sam. Why?«
3. A: »I (drive) _____________________to the sports centre at that time to play squash with a few
friends. As we (be) _____________________only three players, I (try) __________________to ring
you to ask if you would like to come as well. But I(reach / not) __________________you at home.«
4. B: »Why (ring / not / you) _______________________my mobile?«
5. A: »I actually (want) ____________________to ring your mobile, but by accident
I (dial) _____________________William's number. He (do / not) ________________anything
special at that moment and really (like) _______________________the idea of playing squash with
us.«

Put the verbs into the correct tense (simple past or past progressive).
1. When I (do) ________________________the washing-up, I (break) ______________________a
plate.
2. While Tom (play) ____________________the piano, his mother (do) ______________the washing-
up.
3. He (drink) ____________________some juice and then he (eat) ___________________a few chips.
4. I (have) _____________________dinner when I suddenly (hear) _________________________a
loud bang.
5. When my father (work) ______________________in the garden, an old
friend (pass) _____________________by to see him.
6. She (go) ______________________to school, (take) _______________________out her textbook
and (begin) _____________________________to learn.
7. When it (start) __________________________to rain, our dog (want) ______________________to
come inside.
8. When Jane (do) _______________________a language course in Ireland,
she (visit) ___________________Blarney Castle.
9. When I (be) _________________________on my way home, I (see) ___________________an
accident.
10. I (not / understand) __________________________what
they (talk) _________________________about.

Exercise 8
1. When I (get) _____________________up yesterday, the sun (shine) _______________________.
2. It (is) _____________________a beautiful morning.
3. So I (decide) ____________________to cycle around a little.
4. I (go) _____________________________to the shed and (take) _____________________out my
bike.
5. While I (cycle) _____________________past some villages, I (see) _______________some
people in their gardens.
6. One man (mow) _______________________the grass while his
wife (pick) _____________strawberries.
7. After one hour of cycling in sunshine, a big fat raincloud suddenly (appear) _________________
and it (start) ______________________to rain.
8. Luckily, a farmer (notice) ______________________me and (tell) __________________me
to come in.
9. While it (rain) _____________________outside, I (sit) ____________________in the farmer's
house.
10. After a while, the sun (come) ________________________out again.
11. I (thank) ______________________the farmer for his hospitality and (move) _________________

on.
Choose the Past Continuous or the Simple Past.
1. What ________________________ (you/ do) whenI ________________________ (call) youlastnight?
2. I ________________________ (sit) inacafé whenyou________________________ (call).
3. When you________________________ (arrive) atthe party,who ________________________ (be) there?
4. Susie ________________________ (watch) a filmwhenshe ________________________ (hear) the noise.
5. YesterdayI ________________________ (go) to the library,nextI________________________ (have) aswim,
laterI ________________________ (meet) Julie foracoffee.
6. We ________________________ (play) tenniswhen John________________________ (hurt) hisankle.
7. What ________________________ (they/ do) at 10pm lastnight?It ________________________ (be) really
noisy.
8. He ________________________ (take) ashowerwhenthe telephone ________________________ (ring).
9. He ________________________ (be) inthe showerwhenthe telephone________________________ (ring).
10. WhenI ________________________ (walk) intothe room, everyone________________________ (work).
11. It ________________________ (be) aday lastSeptember.The sun________________________ (shine),the
birds________________________ (sing).I________________________ (walk) alongthe streetwhenI
________________________ (meet) anoldfriend.

12. He ________________________ (live) in Russiawhenthe Revolution________________________ (start).
13. Whenher train________________________ (get) tothe station,we ________________________ (wait)
on the platform.
14. He ________________________ (be) soannoying!He ________________________ (always/leave) histhings
everywhere.
15. On holidaywe ________________________ (visit) Rome,________________________ (see) the Vatican,and
________________________ (spend) afew daysat the beach.
16. Why ________________________ (you/ stand) on a chair whenI________________________ (come) intothe
room?
17. They________________________ (live) inGermanywhenthey________________________ (be) young.
18. At 7pm yesterday,we ________________________ (listen) tomusic.
19. WhenI ________________________ (leave) the house,it________________________ (snow).
20. He ________________________ (work) ina bank whenhe ________________________ (meet) hiswife.

Past Continuous Positive and Negative
Make the positive past continuous:
1. (Julie / sleep at three o’clock)
__________________________________________________________________
2. (you / study at three o’clock)
__________________________________________________________________
3. (Luke / read at three o’clock)
__________________________________________________________________
4. (I / work at three o’clock)
__________________________________________________________________
5. (they / eat chocolate at three o’clock)
__________________________________________________________________
6. (John / play tennis at three o’clock)
__________________________________________________________________
7. (we / watch TV at three o’clock)
__________________________________________________________________
8. (he / use the Internet at three o’clock)
__________________________________________________________________
9. (you / cook lunch at three o’clock)
__________________________________________________________________
10. (we / travel to London at three o’clock)
__________________________________________________________________
11. (Mrs. Brown / not / walk in the garden when the murder happened)
_______________________________________________________________
12. (Mr. Black / not / work in his study when the murder happened)
_______________________________________________________________
13. (Miss Jones / not / talk to Mr. White when the murder happened)
_______________________________________________________________
14. (you / not / play cards when the murder happened)
_______________________________________________________________

15. (Dr. Ford / not / read in his room when the murder happened)
_______________________________________________________________
16. (Mr. and Mrs. Green / not / eat in the dining room when the murder happened)
_______________________________________________________________
17. (Mr. Blue / not / drink coffee in the library when the murder happened)
_______________________________________________________________
18. (the maid / not / clean the bedrooms when the murder happened)
_______________________________________________________________
19. (I / not / listen to music when the murder happened)
_______________________________________________________________
20. (the dogs / not / play outside when the murder happened)
_______________________________________________________________
Choose the past simple or past continuous:
1. What ________________________ (you / do) when I ________________________ (call)
you last night?
2. I ________________________ (sit) in a café when you ________________________ (call).
3. When you ________________________ (arrive) at the party, who ____________________ (be) there?
4. Susie ________________________ (watch) a film when she ________________________ (hear) the
noise.
5. Yesterday I ________________________ (go) to the library, next I ___________________ (have) a
swim, later I ________________________ (meet) Julie for a coffee.
6. We ________________________ (play) tennis when John _____________________ (hurt)
his ankle.

7. What ________________________ (they / do) at 10pm last night? It __________________ (be) really
noisy.
8. He ________________________ (take) a shower when the telephone __________________ (ring).
9. He ________________________ (be) in the shower when the telephone _______________ (ring).
10. When I ________________________ (walk) into the room, everyone ________________ (work).
Past Simple or Past Continuous
Choose the past simple or past continuous:
1. He __________________ (sleep) when the doorbell __________________ (ring).
2. We __________________ (eat) dinner at 8pm last night (we started eating at 7:30).
3. Yesterday I __________________ (go) to the post office, __________________ (buy) some fruit at the
supermarket and __________________ (read) a book in the park in the afternoon.
4. We __________________ (watch) TV when we __________________ (hear) a loud noise.
5. Julie __________________ (be) in the garden when Laurence __________________ (arrive).
6. A: What __________________ (you / do) at 3pm yesterday?
B: I __________________ (clean) my house.

7. Last year I __________________ (visit) Paris and Rome.
8. They __________________ (have) dinner when the police __________________ (come) to the door.
9. He __________________ (work) in the garden when he __________________ (find) the money.
10. Laura __________________ (study) at 11pm last night.
11. I __________________ (walk) along the road when I __________________ (meet) an old friend.
12. It __________________ (be) a day in December. Snow __________________ (fall), children
__________________ (sing) carols and people __________________ (do) their Christmas shopping.
13. My ex-boyfriend __________________ (be) so annoying! He __________________ (always / miss) the bus
and __________________ (arrive) late.
14. When I __________________ (call) Julie, she __________________ (work).
15. Why __________________ (you / cry) when I __________________ (arrive)?
16. When he __________________ (get) home, we started to eat dinner.
17. At 10am yesterday I __________________ (sit) on a bus.

18. I __________________ (enjoy) my book so much that I __________________ (not / notice) the train had
stopped.
19. David __________________ (not / sleep) when I __________________ (arrive), he __________________
(study)!
20. Mr Black __________________ (not / work) in the garden at 10pm last night.
Past Continuous Questions:
Make past continuous ‘yes / no’ questions:
When you arrived at the party...
1. (Alan / dance?)
___________________________________________________________
2. (Susie / drink gin?)
_______________________________________________________________
3. (John and Ann / sing?)
_______________________________________________________________
4. (Luke / talk to the girls?)
_______________________________________________________________
5. (Jodie / put on make up?)
_______________________________________________________________
6. (we / cook?)
_______________________________________________________________
7. (Jane / play guitar?)
_______________________________________________________________
8. (David / read a book?)
_______________________________________________________________
9. (Francis / sit in the corner?)
_______________________________________________________________

10. (everybody / have fun?)
_______________________________________________________________
Make past continuous ‘wh’ questions:
When I saw you and Lucy last night...
11. (where / you / go?)
__________________________________________________________
12. (what / you / do?)
_______________________________________________________________
13. (who / you / meet?)
_______________________________________________________________
14. (what / Lucy / wear?)
_______________________________________________________________
15. (what / you / eat?)
_______________________________________________________________
16. (what / you / drink?)
_______________________________________________________________
17. (why / Lucy / smoke?)
_______________________________________________________________
18. (who / you / talk to?)
_______________________________________________________________
19. (what / you / carry?)
_______________________________________________________________
20. (how / Lucy / feel?)
_______________________________________________________________

Past Continuous Mixed Exercise 1
Make the past continuous (you need to choose positive, negative or question):
1. (he / cook)
__________________________________________________________________
2. (she / play cards?)
__________________________________________________________________
3. (I / not / cry)
__________________________________________________________________
4. (you / not / feel well)
__________________________________________________________________
5. (where / I / go when I met you?)
__________________________________________________________________
6. (she / not / sleeping at midnight)
__________________________________________________________________
7. (I / work?)
__________________________________________________________________
8. (you / sleep when I got home?)
__________________________________________________________________
9. (it / rain at lunchtime)
__________________________________________________________________
10. (what / you / do?)
__________________________________________________________________
11. (why / she / run?)
__________________________________________________________________
12. (you / not / read)
__________________________________________________________________
13. (how / we / do at that time?)
__________________________________________________________________
14. (he / not / watch a film at 3pm)
__________________________________________________________________

15. (I / do my homework at eight o’clock)
__________________________________________________________________
16. (where / it / rain?)
__________________________________________________________________
17. (you / shop when I called you)
__________________________________________________________________
18. (she / eat dinner when we arrived)
__________________________________________________________________
19. (he / live in Tokyo at the time?)
__________________________________________________________________
20. (it / rain?)
__________________________________________________________________
Past Continuous Mixed Exercise 2
Make the past continuous (choose positive, negative or question):
1. (they / take the exam?)
__________________________________________________________________
2. (when / he / work there?)
__________________________________________________________________
3. (you / make dinner?)
__________________________________________________________________
4. (they / drink coffee when you arrived?)
__________________________________________________________________
5. (when / we / sleep?)
__________________________________________________________________
6. (they / study last night)
__________________________________________________________________
7. (we / talk when the accident happened)
__________________________________________________________________
8. (he / not / exercise enough)
__________________________________________________________________

9. (I / talk too much?)
__________________________________________________________________
10. (it / not / snow)
__________________________________________________________________
11. (how / they / feel?)
__________________________________________________________________
12. (they / not / talk)
__________________________________________________________________
13. (where / I / stay?)
__________________________________________________________________
14. (why / he / study on a Saturday night?)
__________________________________________________________________
15. (I / go to school when you saw me)
__________________________________________________________________
16. (you / sleep at 6am)
__________________________________________________________________
17. (she / work when I called)
__________________________________________________________________
18. (we / not / leave when you called)
__________________________________________________________________
19. (I / not / stay in a hotel)
__________________________________________________________________
20. (we / make too much noise?)
__________________________________________________________________

Exercise 3
THE PAST PROGRESSIVE AND THE SIMPLE PAST
Make sentences using past progressive and simple past to describe the situation
below.
Yesterday, the students at Kelvin High School were all busy doing things when the
fire alarmrang.
1. 12th grade boys / play basketball / in the gym
________________________________________________________________________________
2. school choir / practice for the concert
________________________________________________________________________________
3. the 10th grade class / study Spanish
_______________________________________________________________________________
4. principal / meet / with group of parents
_______________________________________________________________________________
5. history teachers / discuss / final exam
_______________________________________________________________________________
6. custodian / clean / girls’ locker room
_______________________________________________________________________________
7. the student council / discuss / graduation dance
_______________________________________________________________________________
8. actors / rehearse / school play
_______________________________________________________________________________

Exercise 4
Complete the following sentences using the correct form of the past progressive tense of
the verbs provided in brackets.
1. They ___________________on the corner when I saw them.
2. The sun ________________________when I woke up this morning.
3. It _________________ when I left the office.
4. I ________________________dinner when you called me.
5. She got very sick while she ___________________________overseas.
6. Martin______________________________ in the garden when it started to rain.
7. I _________________________________dinner when the phone rang.
8. Mr. Johnson cut himself while he__________________________ .
9. She fell asleep while she ____________________________the movie.
10. Andrea broke her ankle when she______________________________ .
11. While I ___________________________home, I saw a bad accident.
12. She found a ten dollar bill while she___________________________ home.
13. They ___________________________when the accident happened.
14. The baby _________________________when we got home from the party.
15. She broke a plate while she _________________________the dishes.
16. When you called, I ____________________a shower..
17. David met his neighbors while he into his new apartment.

 arrive at / in somewhere
We arrived at the airport.
We arrived in London.
 belong to somebody
This book belongs to me.
 borrow something from somebody
I borrowed a book from my classmate.
 concentrate on something / doing something
I concentrated on studying at the weekend.
 depend on something / somebody
It depends on the weather.
 explain something to somebody
The teacher explained the exercise tothe students.
 listen to something / somebody
I listened to music.
 pay somebody for something
I paid the waiter for the coffee.
 wait for somebody / something
Wait for me!
 worry about somebody / something
Don't worry about a thing!
Verbs and Prepositions 1
1. Stop worrying __________ your exam - everything will be fine.
2. I've waited __________ Judy for 30 minutes. I’m going home.
3. Stop talking and concentrate __________ your work.
4. Don't forget to pay __________ the newspaper.
5. He explained the computer program __________ me.
6. I don't know what we'll do at the weekend. It depends __________ the weather.
7. She will arrive __________ Beijing at 3 p.m.
8. I like to listen __________ the radio when I wake up.
9. He borrowed £20 __________ his brother.
10. Who does this coat belong __________?
11. She left without paying __________ the meal.

12. It was so hot, I couldn't concentrate __________ my book.
13. Mothers always worry __________ their children.
14. Please explain the meaning of this word __________ your classmates.
15. I'm fed up with waiting __________ spring.
16. That car belongs __________ my father.
17. She listens __________ opera on the tube.
18. A: Which university will you go to? B: It depends __________ my exam results.
19. A lot of people borrow money __________ the bank.
20. When she arrived __________ the pub, it was already closed.
Gap-fill Exercise-1
Fill in the blanks using the words in the box below.
about after away back by for in into off on over together up
1. We had some problems when we checked _____________ the hotel. They had reserved the room
under the wrong name.
2. My book club meets regularly to discuss selected novels. In fact, we are getting ___________
next week to talk about a really unique mystery novel called Illusion.
3. Mrs. Jones's husband passed _______________ last Friday. We are going to attend his funeral
next week.
4. In the dream, my wallet turned ______________ a butterfly and flew away. Isn't that symbolic? I
think I'd better stop spending so much money.
5. Before the plane took _______________, the flight attendant told everyone to fasten their seat
belts and put their chairs in an upright position.

6. Don't forget to put your gloves __________________ . It is cold outside!
7. The police chased the robber down the street and through the park but they couldn't catch
him. He got _________________ by jumping on the back of a passing truck.
8. Fred told us to keep ____________________. He said the dog was very aggressive and that it might
even be rabid.
9. I am looking ______________________ an apartment near the beach. I would like a studio or a one
bedroom with a view of the ocean.
10. I can't believe how much John takes __________________ his father. They look and act exactly
the same.
11. I can mail the letter for you. I go ____________________ the post office on my way to work.
12. If you watch your money, stay in hostels, make your own food, and plan carefully, you can
get ______________________there on less than $30.00 a day.
13. If you don't understand the word "superstitious," look it
in the dictionary.
14. For legal reasons, our lawyer wants to go
the papers thoroughly before we sign them.
15. Popular protest and extensive media coverage finally helped bring
change in the country's environmental policies.

16. Mr. Octavio checked our names __________________________ the list one by one as we entered
the room.
17. I can't hear what they are saying on TV. Can you please turn it ____________________?
18. This radio station is based in Chicago, which is 60 miles from here. That is why the broadcast
doesn't come _________________ clearly.
19. This is the most intensive language course I have ever taken. I have to study four hours per
night just to keep __________________________ with the pace of the class.
20. I think the experiment supports my theory, but I need to go ___________________ the results a
couple of times to make sure that no mistakes were made while collecting the data.

Gap-fill Exercise-2
across along around down in into off on out over under up
1. My job starts at 6:00 AM, so I have to get ________________ really early to make it to work on
time.
2. Don't put your homework off until tomorrow. Just do it now and get it _______________ with.
3. James came ______________ a lot of money when his grandfather passed away. He could retire
right now if he wanted to.
4. When the alarm went __________________, everyone proceeded calmly to the emergency exits.
The fire chief was very impressed with the organization of the drill.
5. If you have an old blanket, bring it _________________ so that we have something to sit on at the
beach.
6. Although the team was both mentally and physically exhausted because they had not slept in
almost 48 hours, they kept ________________ walking so they could reach the Eco-challenge finish
line before dawn.
7. Hey, check ___________________ Tina's new haircut. Doesn't she look great?
8. I don't have time to clean the kitchen right now. Maybe I can get _____________ to it later.
9. Good parents don't put their children _______________, they give them constructive criticism
which helps them to become better people.
10. I love your new outfit. Especially your shirt, it really brings _______________ the color of your
eyes.

11. I came ________________ an old picture of Daniel while I was looking through the trunk. It's the
one I took when we went camping at the beach.
12. As consumer demand for the product changed and competitors flooded the market, the once
highly profitable company finally went _______________. Even the best businessman cannot keep a
company going if nobody buys the product.
13. Look ___________________, there's a rattlesnake under the picnic table!
14. The dealer tried to pass the painting ____________________ as an original Van Gogh, but the
appraiser immediately recognized it was a fake.
15. The rebels have taken ____________________ the capital city and toppled the sitting government.
It looks like the revolution is over and the tiny nation will finally gain its independence.
16. When you are finished using the computer, can you please turn it ________________.
17. Ever since their big fight last month, John and Deborah haven't been getting _____________
at all. They are constantly arguing with each other.
18. Cheryl was taken ______________________ by the con artist at the airport. He stole her passport,
her plane ticket and $1500.
19. I am going to accept the research position at the Sorbonne. The pay isn't that great, but there
is no way I am going to pass ______________________ the opportunity to live in Paris.
20. I can't afford to put _____________________ that much money for a new television. I can barely
pay my rent!

Gap-fill Exercise-3
across down in into on out over up
1. I wake __________________ at 6:00 AM, but I usually stay in bed until around 6:30. I am not a
morning person.
2. Our car broke ____________________ in the desert between Los Angeles and Las Vegas. We were
stuck on the side of the road for two hours before the tow truck arrived.
3. Whoa, the speed limit here is 55 miles per hour! I think you need to slow ________________.
4. To apply for a driver's license, please fill ____________________ this form and proceed to line B for
the eye exam.
5. The environmental activists were standing by the side of the road handing ______________
leaflets to protest the construction of the new beach hotel. They urged the people to help
protect the sea turtle nesting grounds of Florida.
6. When American students go to their high school proms, they dress _____________ in tuxedos
and formal gowns. Some students even rent limousines to take them to the dance. It's crazy!
7. If you don't pay your rent, your landlord is going to kick you _______________!
8. Sandy majored in French in college, but she has forgotten a lot of her vocabulary. She is going
to Paris next summer to visit some old friends and brush __________________on her French.
9. A thief broke __________________ their house while they were on vacation and stole their
television, their VCR, their microwave, their personal computer and all of their jewelry.

10. The old country house Susan and Bill bought in Connecticut needs some major work before
they can stay in it. However, once they fix the place _____________________, it will make a great
vacation home.
11. The other day I ran ___________________ Sam Green at the grocery store. I hadn't seen him in
years.
12. This essay is very poorly written. It's not well organized, you don't prove your point and the
conclusion is ineffective. I think you need to do it ______________________.
13. Before you buy the pants, you had better try them _____________________ to make sure they fit.
I think they look too small.
14. The police are cracking _________________ on people who park illegally downtown. Yesterday,
they put notices on all the cars saying that they are going to start enforcing the three-hour
parking limit.
15. Is there an electrical outlet anywhere around here where I can plug _______________ my
computer? My battery is almost dead and I need to recharge it.
16. I hate cooking! That's why I always eat _______________.
17. Jane was really depressed because she didn't do well on her final exams, so we decided to
take her out for a night on the town to cheer her ___________________.
18. I am not sure you two are ready to get married, you haven't known each other very long.
Maybe, you should think it ____________________ before you accept his proposal.
19. When I saw the coupons for free movie tickets in the newspaper, I immediately cut them
_________________. Who says nothing is for free?
20. While the archeologists were exploring the region north of Tikal, they came ______________
a spectacular new temple complex hidden in the dense jungle.

Gap-fill Exercise - 4
away down for in into off on out through up
1. I can't believe how cheap it is to fly to New York right now. It's like they're giving the tickets
______________.
2. No matter how hard I work on my essays, I keep getting really low grades. I think my writing
teacher just has it __________________ for me. She doesn't seem to like me at all.
3. Sidney came ___________________ with a terrible case of food poisoning after she ate the fish at
that restaurant. I suggest we find another place to eat tonight.
4. They didn't have enough people sign up for the student ski trip to Lake Tahoe, so the
organizers called the trip ________________________. I wish they hadn't canceled it, I was really
looking forward to going.
5. John was laid ____________ when his company downsized their marketing division. He has
already interviewed with a couple of new companies and it looks like he might be offered a
position with a new Internet start-up based in San Francisco.
6. I'm sorry, I didn't mean to interrupt you. Please, go ____________ and finish what you were
saying.
7. When John and Frank first met, they hit it _____________ immediately. They have been good
friends ever since.
8. I didn't see the moose grazing near the edge of the forest until Max pointed it __________ to
me. His knowledge of wildlife enables him to spot many animals that most people would never
notice.

9. There was a huge coffee stain on floor near the copy machine at work. My boss asked who
had made the mess, but nobody would own _________ to it. Maybe the culprit was afraid that
he or she would have to pay to have the carpet professionally cleaned.
10. Wayne missed _________ on the chance to go with us to the concert because he had the flu.
11. One of the inmates at the local prison escaped last week and was on the run for over three
hours before they caught him. They used specially trained police dogs to track him _________.
12. Now that Liza has retired, she is going to have plenty of free time. Maybe she can take ______
a new hobby or enroll in some classes at the junior college in town.
13. Sebastian wanted to quit college and join a rock band. His parents talked him ___________
staying in school while he pursues his interest in music. That way if he never makes it as a singer,
he can always fall back on his education.
14. What does "www" stand ___________? Is it short for "world wide web?"
15. The college administration decided to do ___________ with the math requirement. Now
mathematics is an elective course.
16. If you want to learn to snowboard, I suggest you try it __________ before you buy your own
boots and board. You want to make sure you actually like the sport before you put out that
much money for the equipment.
17. Diana had wanted to spend Christmas in New Zealand, but her plans fell _________. She
couldn't get enough time off from work to make the trip worthwhile.
18. It's really important to have close friends you can count __________. If you don't have reliable
friends who you can trust, you don't really have anything.
19. When she told me she was going to climb Mount Everest, it didn't really sink __________. Only
later did I realize how truly dangerous her latest adventure was going to be.
20. Marge started a fire when she dropped her cigarette butt in the trash can at work. Luckily,
Sandy grabbed the fire extinguisher off the wall and put the fire ___________before any major
damage was done.

Gap-fill Exercise - 5
around back down for of off on onto out up without
1. I didn't get to see the end of that mystery movie on TV last night. How did it turn ________?
2. Jack is having his lawyer draw ___________ the contract to make sure that all of the legalities are
properly dealt with. We don't want to have any legal problems in the future.
3. The small white flowers are my favorite. They give __________ a wonderful honey smell that
scents the entire garden.
4. He told you he was an actor! I can't believe you fell __________ that. How could you ever believe
that he was an actor? You are so gullible.
5. Nina wanted to quit college and become a model. Her parents talked her into staying in
school while she pursues her modeling career. That way, if she never makes it as a model, she
can always fall ___________ on her education.
6. They pulled __________ the heist perfectly. Everything went exactly as they had planned.
7. I can't believe Gina and Dave broke _______________ last week. They have been married for
almost fifteen years. I hope they get back together.
8. It took us over twelve hours to hike over the mountain. By the time we got back to our
campsite, I was completely worn _____________.
9. Norma has been sick with the flu recently. I don't know if she would feel ____________ to going
to the movies tonight.
10. We agreed to take care of their kids while they were on vacation in the Bahamas. We knew it
would be a challenge, but those kids were far more work than we had bargained ____________!
11. Laurelle has strong opinions, she loves to talk, and she never backs ____________ in an
argument. That's why I love debating philosophical issues with her. Sometimes we talk for hours.
12. That's a first edition Star Wars comic book. If I were you, I would hold _____________ that.
Someday that 50 cent comic book could be worth hundreds, or even thousands, of dollars.
13. At first I didn't like living in New York, but now the city is starting to grow ___________ me. I
think I am adapting to the fast-paced lifestyle.

14. If you don't have the telephone number now, you can call me _____________ later and give it to
me then.
15. When Judy suggested that the company cancel it's advertising campaign in "Newsweek" to
save money, the marketing director shot ____________ the idea immediately. He reminded her that
that particular campaign had always been especially productive because of its popularity with the
public.
16. Poor Markie has such enormous ears! All the little kids at school make fun __________ him and
call him "Dumbo the elephant boy."
17. Candice was so tired that she nodded _____________ during her astronomy lecture right in front
of the professor. She needs to get more sleep.
18. You already have a cassette player, a record player, a video recorder, a CD player, a DVD
player, a Walkman, a MiniDisk player, and an Ipod. I think you can do _____________ an HD-DVD
player for a while. At least until the price comes down a little.
19. I couldn't make ________________ what he had written in the note because his handwriting is so
unclear.
20. To get a good price on a new notebook computer, you really need to shop ____________.
There are some great bargains out there, but you have to look for them.

Passive Voice - Exercises on Form
Write passive sentences in Simple Past.
1. the test / write ________________________________________________________
2. the table / set ________________________________________________________
3. the cat / feed ________________________________________________________
4. the lights / switch on ________________________________________________________
5. the house / build ________________________________________________________
6. dinner / serve ________________________________________________________
7. this computer / sell / not ________________________________________________________
8. the car / stop / not ________________________________________________________
9. the tables / clean / not ________________________________________________________
10. the children / pick up/ not ______________________________________________________
Exercise
on Passive Voice - Simple Past
Rewrite the sentences in passive voice.
1. She sang a song. ___________________________________________________
2. Somebody hit me. ___________________________________________________
3. We stopped the bus. ___________________________________________________
4. A thief stole my car. ___________________________________________________
5. They didn't let him go. ___________________________________________________
6. She didn't win the prize. ___________________________________________________
7. They didn't make their beds. __________________________________________________
8. I did not tell them. ___________________________________________________
9. Did you tell them? ___________________________________________________
10. Did he send the letter? ___________________________________________________

Exercise on Passive Voice – Simple Past
Complete the sentences (Active or Passive Voice). Use Simple Past.
1. They (visit) __________________________their granny.
2. We (visit) ____________________________by our teacher.
3. My friend Paul (bear) ______________________________in Dallas.
4. She (go) ______________________________to school in Boston.
5. Antony (grow up) ________________________________in the country.
6. The new shopping centre (build) _______________________________last year.
7. The film (produce / not) _____________________________________in Hollywood.
8. Barbara (know) ____________________________James very well.
9. The jewels (hide / not) ___________________________in the cellar.
10. We (spend / not) __________________________all day on the beach.

Complete the sentences in Passive Voice
1. Henry Miller wrote that book.
____________________________________________________________________
2. The president gave John an award.
______________________________________________________________________________________
3. Everyone saw them.
____________________________________________________________________
4. The firefighters saved the women.
____________________________________________________________________
5. The police brought him.
____________________________________________________________________
6. All the students understood the explanation.
____________________________________________________________________
7. Mrs. Richardson filed two complaints.
_____________________________________________________________________
8. That man stole my wallet.
_____________________________________________________________________
9. Everyone knew them.
_____________________________________________________________________
10. A snake bit him.
_____________________________________________________________________
11. Thomas and his brother built that house.
_____________________________________________________________________

Write full sentences in the passive voice using the correct tense
1. tree/plant/Mr. Smith/yesterday
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…
2. floor/mop/Bill/this morning
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
3. all the money/spend/John/at the weekend
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
4. shopping/do/Mrs. Harrison/tomorrow
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
5. dog/take/walk/George/every afternoon
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
6. dishes/not/wash/grandpa/yet
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
7. Math/teach/Ms. Brown
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
8. letter/type/Jenny/now
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
9. dinner/serve/Mike/at noon
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
10. donkey/already/ride/Jim
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
11. fish/not/catch/Fred/yet
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
12. biscuits/bake/Sue/tomorrow morning
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
13. school bus/drive/Mr. Samuel
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
14. clothes/iron/mum/now
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
15. pumpkin/carve/grandpa/next Sunday
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
16. letter/post/Margaret/yesterday
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
17. flowers/not water/Pam/today
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

18. bottle/break/waiter/two minutes ago
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
19. our holidays/book/travelagent/this summer
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
20. burglar/still/chase/police
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
21. soup/usually/eat/Paul
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
22. picture/not/finish/Molly/yet
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
23. exercises/write/Mary/at 5.00 yesterday
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
24. washing/do/my aunt/tomorrow afternoon
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

MAKE THESE SENTENCES PASSIVE
1.Mike brushes his shoes before school.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……..
2.Claire knits nice jumpers for the kids.
……………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………………………………………….……..
3.Hans tidied his room last Wednesday.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……...
4.Terry bought a new house in London.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……...
5.Kelly doesn’t speak English after school.
……………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………………………………………….……..
6.Meg drives her car slowly and carefully.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……...
7.Pam read an adventure book last week.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……...
8.Joseph answered the question correctly.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……...
9.David doesn’t know the way to harbour.
……………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………………………………………….……..
CORRECT THESE SENTENCES
1.The telephone is invented by Alexander Graham Bell………………………………………………………………….………………………
2.The little boys are took to school by their parents every day……………………………………………….………………………
3.A blonde girl is seen in the police station yesterday……………………………………………………………………….…………………
4.Delicious soup are served in this restaurant every morning…………………………………………….………………………………
5.This project were made by Melinda last term………………………………………………………………………………….………………….
6.Nice books was written by this author last year………………………………………………………………………….…………………….

MAKE THESE SENTENCES ACTIVE
1.All the dishes were washed by my mother last night.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………………….…………………………………………
2.Nice clothes are produced in Turkey by some factories.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………………….…………………………………………
3.The suspects were seen by a group of boys near the bus
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………………….…………………………………………
4.The house is cleaned by the maid every Saturday.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………………….…………………………………………
5.The house was demolished by the hurricane last night.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………………….…………………………………………
6.History books are read by the students in this class.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………………….…………………………………………
7.A nice dinner was prepared by the cook yesterday.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………………….………………………………………………

MAKE PASSIVE SENTENCES IN THE PAST SIMPLE
1.(this song/sing/everywhere/in 1970)
________________________________________________________________________________
2.(flowers/plant/in this area)
________________________________________________________________________________
3.(strawberry/grow/in this town)
________________________________________________________________________________
4.(telephone/invent/in England)
________________________________________________________________________________
5.(my car/produce/in 2008)
________________________________________________________________________________
6.(the forest/burn down/in 1986)
________________________________________________________________________________
7.(this school/build/a decade ago)
________________________________________________________________________________
8.(your computer/infect/by a virus)
________________________________________________________________________________
9.(his television/fix/last weekend)
________________________________________________________________________________
10.(the apples/harvest/before Friday)
________________________________________________________________________________
11.(my clothes/wash/last night)
________________________________________________________________________________

What is a relative clause?
Como su propio nombre indica, las "defining relative clauses" ofrecen información esencial para definir
o identificar a la persona o cosa de la que estamos hablando.
Por ejemplo, veamos la siguiente oración: "Dogs that like cats are very unusual".
En esta oración entendemos que hay muchos perros en el mundo pero solo nos estamos refiriendo a
aquellos a los que les gustan los gatos. La proposición relativa especificativa nos ofrece dicha
información. Si eliminamos esta proposición relativa, la oración principal seguiría siendo
gramaticalmente correcta pero su significado habría cambiadode manera considerable.
MÁS EJEMPLOS
 Children who hate chocolate are uncommon.
 They live in a house whose roof is full of holes.
 An elephant is an animal that lives in hot countries.
 Let's go to a country where the sun always shines.
 The reason why I came here today is not important.
Relative Clauses Exercise 1
Make one sentence fromthe twoshortones.The sentence initalicsshouldbecome the relativeclause. The
relative pronounisthe subjectof the relativeclause.
1. She workedfora man.The man usedtobe an athlete.
_______________________________________________________________
2. They calledalawyer.The lawyerlivednearby.
_______________________________________________________________
3. I sentan email tomybrother.My brotherlivesinAustralia.
_______________________________________________________________
4. The customerlikedthe waitress.The waitresswasveryfriendly.
_______________________________________________________________

5. We broke the computer.The computerbelongedtomyfather.
_______________________________________________________________
6. I droppeda glass.The glass wasnew.
_______________________________________________________________
7. She lovesbooks.The bookshave happyendings.
_______________________________________________________________
8. They live inacity.The cityis inthe north of England.
_______________________________________________________________
9. The man isin the garden.The man iswearinga blue jumper.
_______________________________________________________________
10. The girl works ina bank.The girl isfrom India.
_______________________________________________________________
11. My sisterhas three children.MysisterlivesinAustralia.
_______________________________________________________________
12. The waiterwasrude.The waiterwas wearinga blue shirt.
_______________________________________________________________
13. The moneyisin the kitchen.The moneybelongstoJohn.
_______________________________________________________________
14. The table got broken.The table wasmy grandmother’s.
_______________________________________________________________
15. The televisionwasstolen.The televisionwasbought20years ago.
_______________________________________________________________
16. The fruitis onthe table.The fruitisn’tfresh.
_______________________________________________________________

Make one sentence from two:
1. A girl is now in hospital. She was injured in the accident.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2. A man told me you were away. He answered the phone.
………………………………………………………………………………….…………………….
3. A waitress was very impolite and impatient. She served us.
………………………………………………………………………………….…………………….
4. A building was destroyed in the fire. It has now been rebuilt.
………………………………………………………………………………….…………………….
5. A bus goes to the airport. It runs every half hour.
………………………………………………………………………………….…………………….
6. I saw the man. He closed the door.
………………………………………………………………………………….…………………….
7. The girl is happy. She won the race.
………………………………………………………………………………….…………………….
8. The student is from China. He sits next to me.
………………………………………………………………………………….…………………….
9. We are studying sentences. They contain adjective clauses.
………………………………………………………………………………….…………………….
10. The taxi driver was friendly. He took me to the airport.
………………………………………………………………………………….…………………….
11. The woman was polite. She answered the phone.
………………………………………………………………………………….…………………….
12. The man has a good voice. He sang at the concert.
………………………………………………………………………………….…………………
13. We enjoyed the actors. They played the leading roles.
………………………………………………………………………………….…………………….
14. The girl is hurt. She fell down the stairs.
………………………………………………………………………………….…………………….
15. The student is in my class. He is walking with Ann.
…………………………………………………………………………………..…………………….
16. The police caught the thief. He stole the money.
…………………………………………………………………………………..………………….

17. Is the river very large? It flows through that town.
………………………………………………………………………………….…………………
18. There is a new house in our neighborhood. It has a swimming pool.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
19. The man is at the bus stop. He fixed our refrigerator.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
20. Who are those students? They are talking to Mrs. Hinton.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
21. This is the package. It came in the mail today.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
22. I like the songs. They tell about life in the country.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
23. She’s the girl. She works in the library.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
24. Corfu is an island. It has many beautiful beaches.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
25. Here’s the alarm clock. I bought it yesterday.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
26. I’ve spoken to John. His house was burgled last Monday.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
27. That’s the lady. Her jewelry was stolen.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
28. That is the radio. I won it in the competition.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
29. John is the man. His house was destroyed by the fire.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
30. There is the hospital. I was born there.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
31. That was the summer. I met my wife then.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
32. That is Fiona Webb. She is a famous dancer.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
33. France is the country. The best wine is produced there.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

a) The boy is going to travel with me. You saw him sitting next to me yesterday.
……………………………………………………………………………….
b) My brother John is going to travel. You say him sitting next to me yesterday.
……………………………………………………………………………….
c) She was thinking about the two jobs. They had been offered to her.
……………………………………………………………………………….
d) He was smoking a cigarette. It was forbidden there.
……………………………………………………………………………….
e) She didn’t see the man. He had stolen her bicycle.
……………………………………………………………………………….
f) The boy is my best friend. You see sitting over there.
……………………………………………………………………………….
g) The gentleman must be rich. His car is a Jaguar.
……………………………………………………………………………….
h) That old gentleman must be rich. His car is a Ferrari.
……………………………………………………………………………….
i) The well-known politician has just returned. He has been to Paris in a secret mission.
……………………………………………………………………………….
j) Their house was completely ruined. It could be seen from a distance.
……………………………………………………………………………….
k) I think it was your sister Julie. She was responsible for all that gossip.
……………………………………………………………………………….
l) Here is the address. You should write to this address.
……………………………………………………………………………….
m) What’s the name of the programme.? We’re listening to it.
……………………………………………………………………………….
n) Any man should be sent to prison. He commits crimes against nature.
……………………………………………………………………………….

Complete with a suitable relative pronoun. Omit the relative when possible.
1. The man ……………. lives next door won the lottery two months ago.
2. There is a hotel ………………………….. gives their customers free meals on Sundays.
3. The chair ……………………….. Ann bought at the sales is not very comfortable.
4. The man with ………………… you went to London has called while you were out.
5. The children …………………….teacher is Mr Pitt are a bit naughty.
6. The letter …………………. I left on the kitchen table was for dad.
7. The party ………………………John and Paul went to was a bit boring.
8. The dress ………………………I was wearing at my sister’s wedding was not mine.
Lisa lent it to me for the special occasion.
9. Yesterday I met a man ……………………….wife can speak eight languages.
10. This is the girl …………………………….I used to look after when her parents went out at night.
11. They broke the vase ………………………….. they had bought when they went to China.
12. My neighbours have bought a car…………………………seats are made of leather.
13. The robbery ………………………….they are talking about took place yesterday night.
14. The music to ………………….which I like listening is a bit noisy.
It is used to refer to
people or animals we
have at home as pets.
It can’t never be
omitted if it the
subject of the relative
clause.
Ex: I know a man
who weighs145
kilos.
It functionsasthe
objectof the
relative clause.It
can be usedafter
a preposition.Like
“who”,it refersto
people orpets.It
isn’tomitted
whenusedaftera
preposition
Ex: The man to whom
you were talking at
the party has had a
terrible accident.
It isusedto mean
possessionand
referstopeople
or things.Itis
neveromitted.
I know a boy
whose father was
kidnappedwhile
he was flyingto
Australia.
The car whose
tyres are flat
belongsto my
boss.
It isusedto refer
to bothpeople
and things.Itcan
be omittedwhen
it isthe objectof
the relative
clause.
The girl that is
sittingbehind
Laura is the best
student inmy
class.
The house(that)
Mary boughtlast
year is very big.
It is used to refer to
things. It can be
omitted when it is not
the subject of the
relative clause.
The café which is
round the corner
doesn’t open on
Sundays.
The cat (which) my
dog is chasing is very
fat.

15. The old lady……………………..was run over by a van has just died in hospital.
16. The letter……………………….Helen is writing now is for his Spanish penfriend.
17. The woman ……………………you are looking for doesn’t work here any more.
18. The food ………………………….they serve in this restaurant is the best in town.
19. They caught the thief ………………………had stolen the diamond three days after the robbery.
20. Spiders are animals ………………………have eight legs.
21. Could you tell me the shelf…………………………you put the book on?
22. The computer……………………. my parents bought me for my birthday has just crashed.
23. The museum …………………….Alice took me to the other day was really interesting.
24. The wallet ……………………………….my brother found in the street was full of money.
25. The man …………………………..I borrowed the book from is a friend of my father’s.
26. The subject ……………………….. Mary likes best is geography. She’s very good at it.
27.The plane ……………………….. we were waiting for was delayed because of the thick fog.
28. The flat in ……………………………….Frank lived before was in the town centre.
29. The mobile phone ………………..is ringing is not mine. Mine has got a different ringtone.
30. The fortune teller .. ………………………..I went to turned out to be a fake.

Fill in the sentences using: who, whose, which, when, where.
1.That’s the man…………………………. lives next door.
2.The girl………………………..….is sitting next to you is John’s sister.
3.The car…………………….…..was parked in front of my house belongs to my uncle.
4.1998 is the year……………………….……they met each other.
5.A nurse is someone……………………………..……….works in a hospital.
6.This is the church………………………………..……..we got married.
7.That’s the man……………………………………….car was stolen yesterday.
8.That’s the road ……………………………..…..goes to London.
9.Who is the woman………………………….……….works with you?
10.This is the restaurant…………………………….we had dinner on Saturday.
11.That’s the girl……………………….……father is a doctor.
12.That’s the shark ……………………….………attacked the boat.
13.This is the woman ……………………….…….helped him when he fell down.
14.That’s the house……………………….…….Arthur lives.
15.The girl……………………..……..told you that is a liar.
16.The cup ………………………..……..I bought is broken
17.How old is the boy…………………………………hit you?
18.Haven’t you used the gloves………………….………….I bought you yet?
19.Laura is talking to the man……………………….………repaired her car.
20.Did you return the books…………………….………you borrowed from the library?
……….…

Combine the sentences using:
who, whose, which, when, where.
1.This is Peter. His father is in prison.
________________________________________________________________________
2.This is a pen. We write with it
________________________________________________________________________
3.This is the restaurant. It opened in our neighborhood last week
________________________________________________________________________
4.The men were carrying guns. They robbed the bank
________________________________________________________________________
5.I found the book. I had lost it
________________________________________________________________________
6.That’s the shop. It sells sweets
________________________________________________________________________
7.She is the girl. Her brother is an architect
________________________________________________________________________
8.Saturday was the day. We last met on Saturday
________________________________________________________________________
9.The island was very beautiful. We saw it in a magazine
________________________________________________________________________
10.I can’t remember the place. I parked my car there
________________________________________________________________________
11.A clerk is a man. He works in an office
________________________________________________________________________
12.This is the factory. It makes cars
________________________________________________________________________
13.A garden is a place. Flowers grow there
________________________________________________________________________

14.August is the month. We go on holidays in August
________________________________________________________________________
15.That’s the Post Office. I bought the stamps there
________________________________________________________________________
16.Larry went to the cinema with a girl. The girl is his sister
________________________________________________________________________
17.Max talked to a man. The man was from Canada
________________________________________________________________________
18.Debbie is looking at a photo album. It isn’t hers
________________________________________________________________________
19.Anna is looking for the ring. It belonged to her grandmother
________________________________________________________________________
20.Bob has gone to a bank. The bank is near the Town Hall
________________________________________________________________________
21.Sharon had dinner with a man. He was her lawyer
________________________________________________________________________
22.They invited me to a party. It wasn’t very exciting
________________________________________________________________________
23.I was talking to a boy. His sister is my flat mate
________________________________________________________________________
24.Philip is the man. He owns a castle in Paris
________________________________________________________________________
25.She moved to a new house. She found it last week
________________________________________________________________________

26.That’s the university. His son got studied Law there
________________________________________________________________________
27.My favorite time is spring. In spring all the flowers begin to blossom
________________________________________________________________________
28.This is the story. It won the first prize
________________________________________________________________________
29.That’s the hotel. I spent my holidays there
________________________________________________________________________
30.That’s the dog. It attacked my little niece
________________________________________________________________________

These verbs can be followed by either the gerund or the infinitive with a change in meaning.
Remember + gerund
This is when you remember something that has happened in the past. You have a memory of it,
like being able to see a movie of it in your head.
 I remember going to the beach when I was a child.
(= I have a memory of going to the beach).
 He remembers closing the door.
(= He has a memory of closing the door).
Remember + to + infinitive
This is when you think of something that you need to do. (And usually, you then do the thing).
 I remembered tobuy milk.
(= I was walking home and the idea that I needed milk came into my head, so I bought some).
 She remembered tosend a card to her grandmother.
Forget + gerund
This is the opposite of remember + gerund. It's when you forget about a memory, something that
you've done in the past.
 Have we really studied this topic before? I forget reading about it.
 I told my brother that we'd spent Christmas at Granny's house in 1985, but he'd forgotten
going there.
Forget + to + infinitive
This is the opposite of remember + to + infinitive. It's when you want to do something, but you
forget about it.
 I forgot to call my mother. (= I wanted to call my mother, but when it was a good time to call
her, I forgot. I was thinking about something else, and the idea to call my mother didn't come into
my head).
 She keeps forgetting to bring his book back.

Try + gerund
This is when you do something as an experiment. The thing you do is not difficult, but you want
to see if doing it will have the result that you want.
 I wanted to stop smoking, so I tried using nicotine patches. (= Using nicotine patches was
easy, but I wanted to know if it would help me stop smoking).
 She tried giving up chocolate, but it didn't help her lose weight. (It was easy for her to give
up chocolate. She gave it up to see if it would help her lose weight, but it didn't).
Try + to + infinitive
This is when the thing you do itself is difficult. In the present tense or future tense, this means
you might not succeed in doing it. In the past tense, it means that you made an effort to do the
thing, but you did not succeed.
 I'll try tocarry the suitcase, but it looks too heavy for me.
 She tried to catch the bus, but she couldn't run fast enough.
Look at the difference:
 I tried giving up chocolate (it was no problem to stop eating chocolate) but it didn't make me
feel more healthy.
 I tried to give up chocolate, but it was too hard. I always ate some when my friends offered it
to me.
 It was too hot in the room. I tried opening the window (it was easy toopen the window). It
didn't help though, because it was very hot outside too.
• I tried to open the window, but I couldn't because it was stuck.
Stop + gerund
When we stop doing something it means the verb in the gerund is the thing that we stop. It can
mean 'stop forever' or 'stop at that moment'.
 I stopped working when I was expecting a baby. (Working is the thing I stopped).
 My grandmother stopped driving when she was 85. (Driving is the thing she stopped).
 My boss came into the room, so I stopped browsing the internet.
 There was a fire alarm, so I stopped eating and went outside.

EXERCISE 1:
1.- If you see him, remember (say) _________________ hello from me.
2.- I’ll never forget (visit) _________________ Malta in 2011.
3.- Did you remember (post) __________________those letters I gave you yesterday?
4.- Please remember (lock) _________________the front door when you got out.
5.- Don’t forget (close) ___________________all the windows.
6.- A: I introduced you to Bob last month.
B: Really? I don’t remember (meet) ____________________her.
7.- I can remember (tell) ________________you about the accident this morning.
8.- I remember (send) _________________an email on Monday.
9.- I remember (send) ___________________an email to let them know about the changes.
10.- I’veforgotten (tell) ___________________you that she called this morning.
EXERCISE 2:
1.- I couldn't sleep so I tried ____________________ (drink) some hot milk.
2.- She tried ________________ (reach) the book on the high shelf but she was too small.
3.- They tried ______________ (get) to the party on time but the bus was delayed.
4.- We tried _____________ (open) the window, but it was so hot outside it didn't help.
5.- He tried _____________ (get) a job in a newspaper firm but they wouldn't hire him.
6.- He tried ______________ (get) a job in a newspaper firm but he still wasn't satisfied.
7.- You should stop _________________ (smoke), it's not good for your health.
8.- We stopped __________________ (study) because we were tired.
9.- They will stop _______________ (have) lunch at twelve.
10.- We stopped ____________________ (have) a rest because we were really sleepy.

11.-Oh no! I forgot _____________ (buy) milk.
12.- Please don't forget ______________ (pick up) some juice on your way home.
13.- I forget _______________ (lock) the door, but I'm sure I must have locked it.
14.- Have we studied this before? I've forgotten ____________ (learn) it.
15.- Please remember _________________ (bring) your homework.
16.- I remember _________________ (go) to the beach as a child.
17.- Finally I remembered ________________ (bring) your book! Here it is.
18-.- Do you remember __________________ (eat) steak in that little restaurant in Rome?
19.- I regret ________________ (tell) you the train has been delayed.
20.- I regret ________________ (tell) Julie my secret. Now she has told everyone.

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