The MCA is the largest and most complex of the cerebral arteries. It arises from the internal carotid artery and has four segments - M1, M2, M3, and M4. The M1 segment can be further divided into pre-bifurcation and post-bifurcation parts. The MCA gives off early branches, perforating arteries including lenticulostriate arteries, and cortical branches. Rare anomalies of the MCA include duplication, accessory branches, and fenestration. Key angiographic landmarks include the Sylvian point and Sylvian triangle.