MBA 700: Leader Interview Assignment Guidelines and Grading Guide
Overview
The leader interview assignment is assigned in Module One and is due in Module Three. The purpose is to give you a better understanding of the role executive
management plays in the strategic management process.
The leader interview assignment requires you to use concepts from Modules One, Two, and Three. You will reflect on and analyze the responses from your
interviewed leader and incorporate your own research on strategy topics into your analysis.
Select a leader in an organization of your choice. This leader must be a decision-making manager; an executive or CEO is preferred. This must be a manager who
understands the company’s strategy and has a level of authority and responsibility to answer questions on macro-environment factors that impact his or her
organization as well as on assessing, to some degree, how well the company is performing to its stated strategy. While an executive or CEO is ideal, most
decision-making managers will implement the organization’s strategy, for example, through the allocation of resources, assignment of tasks, or appraisal of
employees in meeting company objectives.
You will have some predetermined interview questions to pose to your interviewee/leader, but you must also add three to five of your own strategy-related
interview questions that pertain to material in Modules One through Three and are relevant to this leader or his or her organization. When you create your
questions, be sensitive to the leader’s need for confidentiality on some aspects of the organization’s internal information.
The best back-and-forth interview exchange is through face-to-face meeting with your interviewee/leader. Other methods for the interview can include phone or
web conferencing or interview by email.
Main Components
This interview consists of a series of interview questions, some of which are listed on the Interview Questionnaire located at the end this document. You must
also add three to five of your own strategy-related interview questions that pertain to material in Modules One through Three and that are relevant to this leader
or his or her organization. You will reflect on the interviewee/leader’s responses and incorporate your own research about strategy topics in an analysis paper
about the role of leadership in the creation and execution of strategy.
Format
You will need to interview your leader and then reflect on and analyze his or her responses in a paper that also incorporates your own research about strategy
topics.
TIPS:
1. Prepare your own three to five questions relevant to this interviewee/leader to add to the list of predefined questions in the Interview Questionnaire at
the end of these guidelines. Be sensitive to the interviewee/leader’s position and a need for confidentiality on some aspects of internal information
when you create your questions.
2. Be prepared to provid ...
Assignment 2 Market FormsFor this assignment you will do a sign.docxsherni1
Assignment 2: Market Forms
For this assignment you will do a significant portion of work in MS Excel and import it into an MS Word document for submission. You will use the data below to address Price and Output decisions faced by firms that are not in pure competition. Some numbers may be rounded.
Table 1
Output
Average Fixed cost
Average Variable Cost
Average Total Cost
Marginal Cost
Price
Total Revenue
Marginal Revenue
0
$ 345.00
1
$ 180.00
$ 135.00
$ 315.00
$ 300.00
2
$ 90.00
$ 127.50
$ 217.50
$ 249.00
3
$ 60.00
$ 120.00
$ 180.00
$ 213.00
4
$ 45.00
$ 112.50
$ 157.50
$ 189.00
5
$ 36.00
$ 111.00
$ 147.00
$ 165.00
6
$ 30.00
$ 112.50
$ 142.50
$ 144.00
7
$ 25.71
$ 115.70
$ 141.41
$ 126.00
8
$ 22.50
$ 121.90
$ 144.40
$ 111.00
9
$ 20.00
$ 130.00
$ 150.00
$ 99.00
10
$ 18.00
$ 139.50
$ 157.50
$ 87.00
Address the following:
1. Complete Table-1. Summarize your calculations.
2. Prepare a graph showing:
· Average Fixed Costs
· Average Variable Costs
· Average Total Costs
· Marginal Revenue
· Marginal Costs
3. Using the data in the table and on your graph, explain the profit maximizing, orloss minimizing level of output.
4. Define a normal profit and an economic profit. Are normal profits being earned in this example? Are economic profits present for this firm in this example? Explain your answers.
5. Given the data in the table and the graph, what type of market structure could this be in the short run? Explain your answers.
6. If the data in Table-1 represents the long run, what type of firm must this data represent? Explain your answers.
Save your MS Word document using the filename LastnameFirstInitial_M4A2 and submit it to the M4: Assignment 2 Dropbox by Wednesday, December 2, 2015.
Quotations, paraphrases, and ideas you get from books, articles, or other sources of information should be cited using APA style. Help with citing sources can be found through the Academic Resources page under Course Home.
Assignment 2 Grading Criteria
Maximum Points
Correctly answered all parts of Question 1 and completed Table-1
20
Correctly created a graph showing all required data from Question 2
12
Correctly answered all parts of Question 3, with accurate and complete explanations
12
Correctly answered all parts of Question 4, with accurate and complete explanations
12
Correctly answered all parts of Question 5, with accurate and complete explanations
12
Correctly answered all parts of Question 6, with accurate and explanations
12
Wrote in a clear and concise manner following APA standards, and demonstrated ethical scholarship in accurate representation of sources
20
Total:
100
SEE ATTACHMENT PAPER AT THE END!!!
Assignment 3: Using Leadership to Improve Ethical Performance
Due Week 9 and worth points 300
You can (and should) use headings and subheading throughout the paper to highlight you ...
Individual Assignment Briefing (Individual report, 3,000 words, excluding references)
Assessment Task
This is an applied assessment, based around a particular HRM problem scenario. The overall aim is to further develop your ability to apply your knowledge on the theory and practice of HRM.
What you are expected to do is very similar to the assignment that you carried out in Year 2 HRM. However the approach is slightly different. Although you are expected to draw on literature (academic papers and research reports, as well as more practitioner focused reports and features) there is not a standard literature review section in your report. Instead you will need to use these sources, together with other relevant organizational case examples, to support your recommendations for change.
You need to start by choosing one of the three case scenarios that are on Moodle. The cases are based on contemporary HRM issues that we will be covering in class this year: age diversity, international HRM (growth and resourcing) and employee wellbeing and work-life balance.
Structuring your report
1. Introduction
In this section you will need to summarise the key issues in the case scenario. If there is data contained in the case scenario comment on that – what is the data telling you about what the underlying organizational problems might be. This should help you focus on the recommendations section.
You then need to comment on the wider contextual factors that could be affecting the issues in the case study. For example, if you are looking at age diversity what are the wider social, economic and political factors that are making age diversity a growing area of concern for policy makers. What supporting evidence can you draw on e.g. feature in the economist, WERS data, CIPD research reports.
2. Proposed solutions (two/three max)
In this section you need to recommend and justify two/three key solutions for the key issues set out in your introduction.
For each recommendation, state clearly what the recommendation is. Then use a combination of academic sources, practitioner sources, and other case examples to support your recommendation. Remember managers will pay more attention to HR’s recommendations if these are supported with good evidence. For example, if you are looking at International expansion and resourcing in a technology-focused organization then look for comparable organizational examples. Who are the other well-respected technology companies that you could include. Try and find out how they dealt with International resourcing as they expanded.
3. Implementation plan, with key milestones and evaluation criteria
For any of you who have taken managing projects then you can apply your knowledge from that module to help with this section. Otherwise look for clues in other case examples, as well as research reports. Be careful not to be too ambitious, remember the SMART approach to objective setting.
This section should be .
Organisational Behaviour
Research Essay – 30% (Individual Assessment 2)
Due Date: 11:30 pm (Friday – week 10) Length: 1500 words (10% leeway)
All students are required required to develop an arguable proposition on which to write an essay. Your paper should be presented in standard academic essay format. The format must be in 12pt font and 1.5 spaced.
The purpose of this assignment is to develop/improve skills in writing, analysis, and argumentation in addition to adding to the depth of understanding about organizational behavior in the workplace.
You will be assessed on the quality of sources of information, how well you use these resources to support your arguments and your referencing skills. You are expected to use at least minimum of six (6) different peer-reviewed journals. The use of WIKIPEDIA online encyclopaedia is not allowed. Use of Wikipedia may result in a fail grade in this essay. You must use the HARVARD referencing system to acknowledge your sources of information (both in-text and as a reference list at the end).
You should submit an electronic copy (Word Document .doc or .docx format) of your assignment to Turnitin only. Please do not supply a hardcopy.
The essay is intended to test aspects of your studies; your ability to comprehend material sourced from lectures, texts and research and, your ability to critically assess this material in a discussion of the essay question.
Essay need to be well supported by relevant research (academic journals mainly).
Essay topic:
In order to encourage productive performance from employees, care needs to be taken with the design of jobs, working conditions, setting of goals, motivation and rewards. Explain how and why all these factors impact upon productive performance and evaluate how a manager may be able to impact upon the processes across the organisation.
Learning Outcomes Targeted:
Outcome a) Explain how theories of organisational behaviour may be applied in an organisational setting.
Outcome b) Evaluate potential organisational problem situations and formulate proactive managerial interventions, with special sensitivity to cultural, ethical and social concerns.
Outcome c) Locate relevant research and compare and critique the findings on current developments in organisational behaviour
Grading of Assignment
The following criteria will be used to allocate grades for this assignment:
Research Essay Marking Guide: Marks will be awarded as follows: (a detailed marking rubric will be provided via Moodle)
Assessment Criteria
Max Marks
(Total 25)
Research
Quantity & depth of literature and other research
6
Analysis
How clearly the major relevant OB themes and issues related to the topic are identified
8
Conclusions
Sound summary, conclusions and recommendations are logically drawn from the literature
4
Structure
The overall structure of the essay: Development of logical and well supported arguments.
4
Clarity of written work
4
Format:
Adherence to presentation sta.
Develop a 5–10-year strategic plan for achieving specific health.docxbradburgess22840
Develop a 5–10-year strategic plan for achieving specific health care quality and safety improvements, based on the analysis you completed in Assessment 1. Use either an AI approach or your SWOT analysis and a chosen strategic planning model.
Note:
Each assessment in this course builds on the work you completed in the previous assessment. Therefore, you must complete the assessments in this course in the order in which they are presented.
SHOW LESS
Evaluation of strategic choices is important. The methods for selecting strategic alternatives help leaders organize significant issues to support decision making. However, it is important that the techniques do not make the decision. Rather, leaders should use the techniques to reveal the inherent situation and to organize their thought processes. This assessment provides you with an opportunity to evaluate and apply some of the techniques for successful strategy development and implementation.
By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and assessment criteria:
Competency 1: Evaluate qualities and skills that promote effective leadership within health care organizations.
Evaluate the leadership qualities and skills that will be most important to successfully implementing a strategic plan and sustaining strategic direction.
Competency 2: Apply strategies to lead high-performing health care teams to meet organizational quality and safety goals.
Develop strategic goal statements and outcomes that support the achievement of specific quality and safety improvements for a care setting.
Justify the relevance of proposed strategic goals and outcomes in relation to the mission, vision, and values of a care setting.
Competency 3: Apply cultural, ethical, and regulatory considerations to leadership decision making.
Analyze the extent to which strategic goals and outcomes address the use of technology and the ethical, cultural, and regulatory environments.
Competency 4: Integrate leadership and health care theories into the role of the nurse leader.
Explain how relevant leadership and health care theories will be used to help achieve proposed strategic goals and objectives.
Competency 5: Communicate with stakeholders and constituencies to build collaborative partnerships and create inclusive work environments.
Communicate analyses clearly and in a way that demonstrates professionalism and respect for stakeholders and colleagues.
Integrate relevant and credible sources of evidence to support assertions, correctly formatting citations and references using APA style.
Suggested Resources
The resources provided here are optional. You may use other resources of your choice to prepare for this assessment; however, you will need to ensure that they are appropriate, credible, and valid. The
MSN-FP6210: Leadership and Management for Nurse Executives Library Guide
can help direct your res.
Case 1 – Preventing Child Abuse RubricExceeds ExpectationsMe.docxjasoninnes20
Case 1 – Preventing Child Abuse Rubric
Exceeds Expectations
Meets Expectations
Needs Some Revisions
Needs Significant Revisions
Missing
Introduction
Case summary and problem definition
The report clearly summarizes the case and identifies the problems that Patton must solve
(6 points)
The report summarizes the case but misses some minor points
(5 points)
The report either misses some important points in the case summary or misses important points regarding the problems that Patton must solve
(4 points)
The report misses the summary of the case and some important points regarding the problems that Patton must solve
(2 points)
Missing many or all of the important points
(0 points)
Identification of key actors and their roles/positions
The report identifies all key actors and their roles/positions
(6 points)
The report identifies almost all of the actors and their positions but misses a few minor actors or their roles/positions
(5 points)
The report does not identify some important actors or their roles/positions
(4 points)
The report does not identify several important actors and their roles/positions
(2 points)
The report does not identify most or all of the actors and their roles/positions
(0 points)
Explanation of the political and administrative environment
&
Politics of the Administrative Structure
The report explains the political and administrative environment clearly and completely.
&
It discusses the politics of the administrative structure.
(7 points)
The report explains the political and administrative environment & the politics of the administrative structure well; however, it misses some minor points and leaves some points unclear.
(6 points)
The report explains the political and administrative environment and the politics of the administrative structure somewhat incompletely.
(4 points)
The report misses several important points while explaining the political and administrative environment and politics of the admin structure.
(2 points)
No explanation of the political and admin environment and the politics of the admin structure
(0 points)
Evaluation of the reorganization decision
- The report discusses whether the reorganization decision was based on political or technical rationality
- Identifies accountability issues before and after the reorganization
- Evaluates the impact of the reorganization decision on street level bureaucrats
(6 points)
The report does a good job in evaluating the reorganization decision (see the Exceeds Expectations cell) but has some flaws
(5 points)
The report misses a major point (e.g. political vs technical rationality, accountability issues, or street level bureaucrats) while evaluating the reorganization decision.
(4 points)
The report misses several important points while evaluating the reorganization decision (2 points)
The report does not evaluate the reorganization decision
(0 points)
Recommendations
Making recommendations to Patton regarding the problems identified
The report mak ...
HCM 415 Final Project Guidelines and Rubric Overview JeanmarieColbert3
HCM 415 Final Project Guidelines and Rubric
Overview
Strategic planning is the process or mechanism used by healthcare organizations to analyze new regulations, policies, and procedures and to reconsider their
mission, vision, and values. Strategic planning can also be the vehicle that healthcare organizations use to revamp themselves and offer new products and
services. The healthcare manager plays an important role in analyzing and executing the organizational strategic planning. Understanding the key principles and
competencies associated with strategic planning, and how these principles and competencies are applied in day-to-day hospital operations, is critical for
healthcare managers.
This final project will provide you the opportunity to analyze strategic planning within a healthcare organization, including identification of stakeholders and the
role they serve in the process and the alignment between strategic planning and the organization’s mission and vision. You will also be asked for
recommendations on the best course of action for the healthcare manager to make in terms of strategic planning around an issue.
This assessment addresses the following course outcomes:
Analyze the role of healthcare managers in developing and managing the strategic planning process
Assess the impact of current healthcare policies on strategic planning processes in the U.S. healthcare system
Employ strategic planning tools in determining the impact of external forces on the delivery of care in the U.S. healthcare system
Assess how key stakeholders influence and drive strategic planning changes within healthcare organizations
Determine the extent to which strategic planning aligns with organizational missions and visions within healthcare settings
Prompt
For your final project, you will select a case study from those provided to analyze and make subsequent recommendations to the healthcare manager on the
best course of action with regard to policy and strategic planning.
Specifically, the following critical elements must be addressed:
I. Overview: Provide a brief summary of the case study you selected. Be sure to include the organization’s mission and vision for reference.
II. Situational Analysis
A. Based on its mission or vision statements, what can you discern about the organization’s approach to strategic planning? Be sure to provide
specific examples to justify your response.
B. What is the prevailing issue in question in the case study you selected?
C. What do you see as the overall strategic planning concerns for the healthcare organization with regard to this issue?
D. What role do you feel the healthcare manager plays in terms of strategic planning around this issue? Be sure to substantiate your claims.
E. Who are the key stakeholders affected by or involved in this issue, and what role do they serve in strategic planning within the organization?
F. To what extent do the orga ...
PAD 631 Milestone O ne Guidelines and Rubric
Overview: In this milestone, you will select organizations and develop the Introduction section of your final project.
Prompt: In Module Two, you selected three public, nonprofit, or governmental organizations and researched their strategic management practices to make
recommendations regarding effective strategies and best practices in strategic management. Refer to the Final Project Guidelines and Rubric for more detail
about the final project.
Keep in mind that the target audience for your white paper is the leadership and management of a public or nonprofit sector organization; you should write the
white paper with the idea that it could be presented to key decision makers in a governmental agency or public or nonprofit organization.
For this milestone, you will concisely describe the three organizations you will be comparing in your white paper. Make sure to include the organizational vision
for each organization in your description.
Specifically, the following critical elements must be addressed:
I. Introduction: Concisely describe the three organizations you will be comparing in your white paper. Make sure to include the organizational vision for
each organization in your description.
Guidelines for Submission: Your draft of the Introduction portion of your final project should adhere to the following formatting requirements: a 1- to 2-page
Microsoft Word document, double-spaced, using 12-point Times New Roman font and one-inch margins. You should use current APA-style guidelines for your
citations and reference list.
Critical Elements Proficient (100%) Needs Improvement (90%) Not Evident (0%) Value
Describe Concisely describes the three
organizations being compared
Describes the three organizations being
compared, but description is wordy or
vague
Does not describe the three
organizations being compared
45
Organizational Vision Includes a discussion about the
organizational vision for each entity
Includes a discussion about the
organizational vision for each entity,
but is inaccurate and/or missing details
Does not include a discussion about the
organizational vision for each entity
45
Articulation of
Response
Submission has no major errors related
to citations, grammar, spelling, syntax,
or organization
Submission has major errors related to
citations, grammar, spelling, syntax, or
organization that negatively impact
readability and articulation of main
ideas
Submission has critical errors related to
citations, grammar, spelling, syntax, or
organization that prevent
understanding of ideas
10
Total 100%
PAD 631 Milestone One Guidelines and Rubric
PAD 631 Module Fi ve Activity Guidelines and Rubric
Overview: This assignment will help you in identifying and understanding how a vision is put into practice from a public policy perspective.
Prompt: The news director for your television station h.
Assignment 2 Market FormsFor this assignment you will do a sign.docxsherni1
Assignment 2: Market Forms
For this assignment you will do a significant portion of work in MS Excel and import it into an MS Word document for submission. You will use the data below to address Price and Output decisions faced by firms that are not in pure competition. Some numbers may be rounded.
Table 1
Output
Average Fixed cost
Average Variable Cost
Average Total Cost
Marginal Cost
Price
Total Revenue
Marginal Revenue
0
$ 345.00
1
$ 180.00
$ 135.00
$ 315.00
$ 300.00
2
$ 90.00
$ 127.50
$ 217.50
$ 249.00
3
$ 60.00
$ 120.00
$ 180.00
$ 213.00
4
$ 45.00
$ 112.50
$ 157.50
$ 189.00
5
$ 36.00
$ 111.00
$ 147.00
$ 165.00
6
$ 30.00
$ 112.50
$ 142.50
$ 144.00
7
$ 25.71
$ 115.70
$ 141.41
$ 126.00
8
$ 22.50
$ 121.90
$ 144.40
$ 111.00
9
$ 20.00
$ 130.00
$ 150.00
$ 99.00
10
$ 18.00
$ 139.50
$ 157.50
$ 87.00
Address the following:
1. Complete Table-1. Summarize your calculations.
2. Prepare a graph showing:
· Average Fixed Costs
· Average Variable Costs
· Average Total Costs
· Marginal Revenue
· Marginal Costs
3. Using the data in the table and on your graph, explain the profit maximizing, orloss minimizing level of output.
4. Define a normal profit and an economic profit. Are normal profits being earned in this example? Are economic profits present for this firm in this example? Explain your answers.
5. Given the data in the table and the graph, what type of market structure could this be in the short run? Explain your answers.
6. If the data in Table-1 represents the long run, what type of firm must this data represent? Explain your answers.
Save your MS Word document using the filename LastnameFirstInitial_M4A2 and submit it to the M4: Assignment 2 Dropbox by Wednesday, December 2, 2015.
Quotations, paraphrases, and ideas you get from books, articles, or other sources of information should be cited using APA style. Help with citing sources can be found through the Academic Resources page under Course Home.
Assignment 2 Grading Criteria
Maximum Points
Correctly answered all parts of Question 1 and completed Table-1
20
Correctly created a graph showing all required data from Question 2
12
Correctly answered all parts of Question 3, with accurate and complete explanations
12
Correctly answered all parts of Question 4, with accurate and complete explanations
12
Correctly answered all parts of Question 5, with accurate and complete explanations
12
Correctly answered all parts of Question 6, with accurate and explanations
12
Wrote in a clear and concise manner following APA standards, and demonstrated ethical scholarship in accurate representation of sources
20
Total:
100
SEE ATTACHMENT PAPER AT THE END!!!
Assignment 3: Using Leadership to Improve Ethical Performance
Due Week 9 and worth points 300
You can (and should) use headings and subheading throughout the paper to highlight you ...
Individual Assignment Briefing (Individual report, 3,000 words, excluding references)
Assessment Task
This is an applied assessment, based around a particular HRM problem scenario. The overall aim is to further develop your ability to apply your knowledge on the theory and practice of HRM.
What you are expected to do is very similar to the assignment that you carried out in Year 2 HRM. However the approach is slightly different. Although you are expected to draw on literature (academic papers and research reports, as well as more practitioner focused reports and features) there is not a standard literature review section in your report. Instead you will need to use these sources, together with other relevant organizational case examples, to support your recommendations for change.
You need to start by choosing one of the three case scenarios that are on Moodle. The cases are based on contemporary HRM issues that we will be covering in class this year: age diversity, international HRM (growth and resourcing) and employee wellbeing and work-life balance.
Structuring your report
1. Introduction
In this section you will need to summarise the key issues in the case scenario. If there is data contained in the case scenario comment on that – what is the data telling you about what the underlying organizational problems might be. This should help you focus on the recommendations section.
You then need to comment on the wider contextual factors that could be affecting the issues in the case study. For example, if you are looking at age diversity what are the wider social, economic and political factors that are making age diversity a growing area of concern for policy makers. What supporting evidence can you draw on e.g. feature in the economist, WERS data, CIPD research reports.
2. Proposed solutions (two/three max)
In this section you need to recommend and justify two/three key solutions for the key issues set out in your introduction.
For each recommendation, state clearly what the recommendation is. Then use a combination of academic sources, practitioner sources, and other case examples to support your recommendation. Remember managers will pay more attention to HR’s recommendations if these are supported with good evidence. For example, if you are looking at International expansion and resourcing in a technology-focused organization then look for comparable organizational examples. Who are the other well-respected technology companies that you could include. Try and find out how they dealt with International resourcing as they expanded.
3. Implementation plan, with key milestones and evaluation criteria
For any of you who have taken managing projects then you can apply your knowledge from that module to help with this section. Otherwise look for clues in other case examples, as well as research reports. Be careful not to be too ambitious, remember the SMART approach to objective setting.
This section should be .
Organisational Behaviour
Research Essay – 30% (Individual Assessment 2)
Due Date: 11:30 pm (Friday – week 10) Length: 1500 words (10% leeway)
All students are required required to develop an arguable proposition on which to write an essay. Your paper should be presented in standard academic essay format. The format must be in 12pt font and 1.5 spaced.
The purpose of this assignment is to develop/improve skills in writing, analysis, and argumentation in addition to adding to the depth of understanding about organizational behavior in the workplace.
You will be assessed on the quality of sources of information, how well you use these resources to support your arguments and your referencing skills. You are expected to use at least minimum of six (6) different peer-reviewed journals. The use of WIKIPEDIA online encyclopaedia is not allowed. Use of Wikipedia may result in a fail grade in this essay. You must use the HARVARD referencing system to acknowledge your sources of information (both in-text and as a reference list at the end).
You should submit an electronic copy (Word Document .doc or .docx format) of your assignment to Turnitin only. Please do not supply a hardcopy.
The essay is intended to test aspects of your studies; your ability to comprehend material sourced from lectures, texts and research and, your ability to critically assess this material in a discussion of the essay question.
Essay need to be well supported by relevant research (academic journals mainly).
Essay topic:
In order to encourage productive performance from employees, care needs to be taken with the design of jobs, working conditions, setting of goals, motivation and rewards. Explain how and why all these factors impact upon productive performance and evaluate how a manager may be able to impact upon the processes across the organisation.
Learning Outcomes Targeted:
Outcome a) Explain how theories of organisational behaviour may be applied in an organisational setting.
Outcome b) Evaluate potential organisational problem situations and formulate proactive managerial interventions, with special sensitivity to cultural, ethical and social concerns.
Outcome c) Locate relevant research and compare and critique the findings on current developments in organisational behaviour
Grading of Assignment
The following criteria will be used to allocate grades for this assignment:
Research Essay Marking Guide: Marks will be awarded as follows: (a detailed marking rubric will be provided via Moodle)
Assessment Criteria
Max Marks
(Total 25)
Research
Quantity & depth of literature and other research
6
Analysis
How clearly the major relevant OB themes and issues related to the topic are identified
8
Conclusions
Sound summary, conclusions and recommendations are logically drawn from the literature
4
Structure
The overall structure of the essay: Development of logical and well supported arguments.
4
Clarity of written work
4
Format:
Adherence to presentation sta.
Develop a 5–10-year strategic plan for achieving specific health.docxbradburgess22840
Develop a 5–10-year strategic plan for achieving specific health care quality and safety improvements, based on the analysis you completed in Assessment 1. Use either an AI approach or your SWOT analysis and a chosen strategic planning model.
Note:
Each assessment in this course builds on the work you completed in the previous assessment. Therefore, you must complete the assessments in this course in the order in which they are presented.
SHOW LESS
Evaluation of strategic choices is important. The methods for selecting strategic alternatives help leaders organize significant issues to support decision making. However, it is important that the techniques do not make the decision. Rather, leaders should use the techniques to reveal the inherent situation and to organize their thought processes. This assessment provides you with an opportunity to evaluate and apply some of the techniques for successful strategy development and implementation.
By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and assessment criteria:
Competency 1: Evaluate qualities and skills that promote effective leadership within health care organizations.
Evaluate the leadership qualities and skills that will be most important to successfully implementing a strategic plan and sustaining strategic direction.
Competency 2: Apply strategies to lead high-performing health care teams to meet organizational quality and safety goals.
Develop strategic goal statements and outcomes that support the achievement of specific quality and safety improvements for a care setting.
Justify the relevance of proposed strategic goals and outcomes in relation to the mission, vision, and values of a care setting.
Competency 3: Apply cultural, ethical, and regulatory considerations to leadership decision making.
Analyze the extent to which strategic goals and outcomes address the use of technology and the ethical, cultural, and regulatory environments.
Competency 4: Integrate leadership and health care theories into the role of the nurse leader.
Explain how relevant leadership and health care theories will be used to help achieve proposed strategic goals and objectives.
Competency 5: Communicate with stakeholders and constituencies to build collaborative partnerships and create inclusive work environments.
Communicate analyses clearly and in a way that demonstrates professionalism and respect for stakeholders and colleagues.
Integrate relevant and credible sources of evidence to support assertions, correctly formatting citations and references using APA style.
Suggested Resources
The resources provided here are optional. You may use other resources of your choice to prepare for this assessment; however, you will need to ensure that they are appropriate, credible, and valid. The
MSN-FP6210: Leadership and Management for Nurse Executives Library Guide
can help direct your res.
Case 1 – Preventing Child Abuse RubricExceeds ExpectationsMe.docxjasoninnes20
Case 1 – Preventing Child Abuse Rubric
Exceeds Expectations
Meets Expectations
Needs Some Revisions
Needs Significant Revisions
Missing
Introduction
Case summary and problem definition
The report clearly summarizes the case and identifies the problems that Patton must solve
(6 points)
The report summarizes the case but misses some minor points
(5 points)
The report either misses some important points in the case summary or misses important points regarding the problems that Patton must solve
(4 points)
The report misses the summary of the case and some important points regarding the problems that Patton must solve
(2 points)
Missing many or all of the important points
(0 points)
Identification of key actors and their roles/positions
The report identifies all key actors and their roles/positions
(6 points)
The report identifies almost all of the actors and their positions but misses a few minor actors or their roles/positions
(5 points)
The report does not identify some important actors or their roles/positions
(4 points)
The report does not identify several important actors and their roles/positions
(2 points)
The report does not identify most or all of the actors and their roles/positions
(0 points)
Explanation of the political and administrative environment
&
Politics of the Administrative Structure
The report explains the political and administrative environment clearly and completely.
&
It discusses the politics of the administrative structure.
(7 points)
The report explains the political and administrative environment & the politics of the administrative structure well; however, it misses some minor points and leaves some points unclear.
(6 points)
The report explains the political and administrative environment and the politics of the administrative structure somewhat incompletely.
(4 points)
The report misses several important points while explaining the political and administrative environment and politics of the admin structure.
(2 points)
No explanation of the political and admin environment and the politics of the admin structure
(0 points)
Evaluation of the reorganization decision
- The report discusses whether the reorganization decision was based on political or technical rationality
- Identifies accountability issues before and after the reorganization
- Evaluates the impact of the reorganization decision on street level bureaucrats
(6 points)
The report does a good job in evaluating the reorganization decision (see the Exceeds Expectations cell) but has some flaws
(5 points)
The report misses a major point (e.g. political vs technical rationality, accountability issues, or street level bureaucrats) while evaluating the reorganization decision.
(4 points)
The report misses several important points while evaluating the reorganization decision (2 points)
The report does not evaluate the reorganization decision
(0 points)
Recommendations
Making recommendations to Patton regarding the problems identified
The report mak ...
HCM 415 Final Project Guidelines and Rubric Overview JeanmarieColbert3
HCM 415 Final Project Guidelines and Rubric
Overview
Strategic planning is the process or mechanism used by healthcare organizations to analyze new regulations, policies, and procedures and to reconsider their
mission, vision, and values. Strategic planning can also be the vehicle that healthcare organizations use to revamp themselves and offer new products and
services. The healthcare manager plays an important role in analyzing and executing the organizational strategic planning. Understanding the key principles and
competencies associated with strategic planning, and how these principles and competencies are applied in day-to-day hospital operations, is critical for
healthcare managers.
This final project will provide you the opportunity to analyze strategic planning within a healthcare organization, including identification of stakeholders and the
role they serve in the process and the alignment between strategic planning and the organization’s mission and vision. You will also be asked for
recommendations on the best course of action for the healthcare manager to make in terms of strategic planning around an issue.
This assessment addresses the following course outcomes:
Analyze the role of healthcare managers in developing and managing the strategic planning process
Assess the impact of current healthcare policies on strategic planning processes in the U.S. healthcare system
Employ strategic planning tools in determining the impact of external forces on the delivery of care in the U.S. healthcare system
Assess how key stakeholders influence and drive strategic planning changes within healthcare organizations
Determine the extent to which strategic planning aligns with organizational missions and visions within healthcare settings
Prompt
For your final project, you will select a case study from those provided to analyze and make subsequent recommendations to the healthcare manager on the
best course of action with regard to policy and strategic planning.
Specifically, the following critical elements must be addressed:
I. Overview: Provide a brief summary of the case study you selected. Be sure to include the organization’s mission and vision for reference.
II. Situational Analysis
A. Based on its mission or vision statements, what can you discern about the organization’s approach to strategic planning? Be sure to provide
specific examples to justify your response.
B. What is the prevailing issue in question in the case study you selected?
C. What do you see as the overall strategic planning concerns for the healthcare organization with regard to this issue?
D. What role do you feel the healthcare manager plays in terms of strategic planning around this issue? Be sure to substantiate your claims.
E. Who are the key stakeholders affected by or involved in this issue, and what role do they serve in strategic planning within the organization?
F. To what extent do the orga ...
PAD 631 Milestone O ne Guidelines and Rubric
Overview: In this milestone, you will select organizations and develop the Introduction section of your final project.
Prompt: In Module Two, you selected three public, nonprofit, or governmental organizations and researched their strategic management practices to make
recommendations regarding effective strategies and best practices in strategic management. Refer to the Final Project Guidelines and Rubric for more detail
about the final project.
Keep in mind that the target audience for your white paper is the leadership and management of a public or nonprofit sector organization; you should write the
white paper with the idea that it could be presented to key decision makers in a governmental agency or public or nonprofit organization.
For this milestone, you will concisely describe the three organizations you will be comparing in your white paper. Make sure to include the organizational vision
for each organization in your description.
Specifically, the following critical elements must be addressed:
I. Introduction: Concisely describe the three organizations you will be comparing in your white paper. Make sure to include the organizational vision for
each organization in your description.
Guidelines for Submission: Your draft of the Introduction portion of your final project should adhere to the following formatting requirements: a 1- to 2-page
Microsoft Word document, double-spaced, using 12-point Times New Roman font and one-inch margins. You should use current APA-style guidelines for your
citations and reference list.
Critical Elements Proficient (100%) Needs Improvement (90%) Not Evident (0%) Value
Describe Concisely describes the three
organizations being compared
Describes the three organizations being
compared, but description is wordy or
vague
Does not describe the three
organizations being compared
45
Organizational Vision Includes a discussion about the
organizational vision for each entity
Includes a discussion about the
organizational vision for each entity,
but is inaccurate and/or missing details
Does not include a discussion about the
organizational vision for each entity
45
Articulation of
Response
Submission has no major errors related
to citations, grammar, spelling, syntax,
or organization
Submission has major errors related to
citations, grammar, spelling, syntax, or
organization that negatively impact
readability and articulation of main
ideas
Submission has critical errors related to
citations, grammar, spelling, syntax, or
organization that prevent
understanding of ideas
10
Total 100%
PAD 631 Milestone One Guidelines and Rubric
PAD 631 Module Fi ve Activity Guidelines and Rubric
Overview: This assignment will help you in identifying and understanding how a vision is put into practice from a public policy perspective.
Prompt: The news director for your television station h.
TypeObjective of CommunicationMediumFrequencyAudienceOwn.docxwillcoxjanay
This document outlines the requirements for a preliminary strategic audit report for a course project. It provides guidelines for students to analyze a company's value proposition, market position, competitive advantage, external environment using five forces analysis, identify 5-7 strategic issues, and make preliminary recommendations. The report should follow an essay sample format, be 7-10 pages, cite sources using APA style, and will be graded on a 140-point rubric focusing on strategic analysis, recommendations, and writing quality.
PHAR 605 Pharmacy Law & Ethics
Advocacy Paper Sample (Rough) Outline & Formatting Requirements
Title
(Develop catchy title that attracts the reader’s attention (to read) your paper)
I.
Introduction
A. Quote or information on your topic (reference with superscript in the body of your
paper with correct citation number from your reference list)
B. On one hand Quote/Fact 1(reference with superscript in the body of your paper with
correct citation number from your reference list)
C. On the other hand, Quote/ Fact 2(reference with superscript in the body of your
paper with correct citation number from your reference list)
D. Quote (reference with superscript in the body of your paper with correct citation
number from your reference list)
E. Describe why it is important to resolve the debate (what is the impact of problem or
not resolving the problem?)
II.
Perspective of Supporter (Pro)
A. Supporters of (debate) ----- say X ,Y,
B. Potential benefits
C. Downside (potential risks)
D. Doing X … could result in ….. (benefit)
E. Doing X …could result in… upholding/ acknowledging/ creating rights (benefit)
III.
Perspective of Challenger (Cons)
A. Opposition to (debate) ----- say X ,Y,
B. Potential risks
C. Downside (potential risks)
D. Doing X … could result in ….. (risk/ negative result)
E. If support for (debate) is defeated, promises to result in… upholding/ acknowledging/
creating rights (benefit)
PHAR 605 Pharmacy Law & Ethics
Advocacy Paper Sample (Rough) Outline & Formatting Requirements
IV.
Individual/ Group’s Opinion
A. In contrast, those against X believe ………
B. And further, opponents also believe …..
C. Limitations should / should not exist
D. Thus, X should be ………., and …….should not ------.
E. That would result in …(positive improvement/ function/ results )
V.
Conclusion
A. Potential for resolving the debate/ problem rests in _______________.
B. Research other can help to ________________
C. Limitations on resolution of the debate
D. Aspects that require further discussion/ to be addressed further
E. Predict or project what future may have in store for society with respect to this debate
(Is debate/ problem likely to last longer or will (proposal) resolve problem/ debate? )
References
1. Use AMA format to cite the articles, sources, websites, etc., which you reference in
body of the paper.
2. Don’t forget to number your references and use the superscript number (in the body
of your paper) to cite the reference and match the citation in the reference list.
Please cite correctly… a couple of examples appear below. More information on
citation and bibliography will be made available
3. Jones CM, Mack KA, Pau ...
AHS 626 SUPERVISION AND MANAGEMENT IN HEALTH PROFESSIONS .docxpoulterbarbara
AHS 626: SUPERVISION AND MANAGEMENT IN HEALTH PROFESSIONS
HEALTHCARE MANAGER INTERVIEW
Background
This activity is designed to provide you with the opportunity to speak to a healthcare manager
to learn more about his or her job duties while integrating the topics related to healthcare
management throughout the semester. Successful completion of this assignment requires
students to locate an individual who has been working as a healthcare manager for a minimum
of six months. Students will compose interview questions and conduct the interview. The
information provided by the healthcare manager will be used to compare and contrast his or
her experience to the information provided in the class. The output will be a unique paper of no
fewer than five pages.
Learning objectives
Upon completion of this assignment, students will be able to:
• Develop and utilize interview questions to effectively communicate with a healthcare
manager.
• Apply course materials covering healthcare management concepts to a real-life
situation.
• Analyze personal feelings about the roles and responsibilities of healthcare managers.
The learning objectives align with the following course objective:
CLO18: Analyze and report the lived experience of management in the healthcare sector
Additionally, depending on the questions that the student chooses to ask, the following course
objectives may align with this assignment:
CLO1: Describe the contemporary healthcare environment from the perspective of a manager
CLO2: Identify specific strategies for dealing with organizational change and the manager's role
as change agent
CLO3: Analyze the phases of the organizational life cycle that reflect major changes and relate
these to the functions of the manager
CLO4: Identify the styles of leadership, their characteristics, and the circumstances under which
they are applied
CLO5: Define the management functions of planning and decision making
CLO6: Define the basic management function of organizing and identifying the steps in the
organizing process
CLO7: Describe the role and activities of the professional practitioner as consultant
CLO8: Differentiate among committee types, their general purpose, and recommended
guidelines
CLO9: Explain the basic revenue cycle, steps in the budget cycle, and requirements of successful
budgeting
CLO10: Identify the components of employee training programs
CLO11: Differentiate between adaptation and motivation, explain proper disciplinary action,
and demonstrate how to address conflict constructively
CLO12: Explain the manager's critical role in fostering, enhancing, and improving interpersonal
communication
CLO13: Describe the fundamentals of formal and informal organizational communication
CLO14: Identify the essential elements of comprehensive management documents, including
the strategic plan, annual report, executive summaries, and project proposals
CLO15: Define the management fun.
AHS 626 SUPERVISION AND MANAGEMENT IN HEALTH PROFESSIONS .docxShiraPrater50
AHS 626: SUPERVISION AND MANAGEMENT IN HEALTH PROFESSIONS
HEALTHCARE MANAGER INTERVIEW
Background
This activity is designed to provide you with the opportunity to speak to a healthcare manager
to learn more about his or her job duties while integrating the topics related to healthcare
management throughout the semester. Successful completion of this assignment requires
students to locate an individual who has been working as a healthcare manager for a minimum
of six months. Students will compose interview questions and conduct the interview. The
information provided by the healthcare manager will be used to compare and contrast his or
her experience to the information provided in the class. The output will be a unique paper of no
fewer than five pages.
Learning objectives
Upon completion of this assignment, students will be able to:
• Develop and utilize interview questions to effectively communicate with a healthcare
manager.
• Apply course materials covering healthcare management concepts to a real-life
situation.
• Analyze personal feelings about the roles and responsibilities of healthcare managers.
The learning objectives align with the following course objective:
CLO18: Analyze and report the lived experience of management in the healthcare sector
Additionally, depending on the questions that the student chooses to ask, the following course
objectives may align with this assignment:
CLO1: Describe the contemporary healthcare environment from the perspective of a manager
CLO2: Identify specific strategies for dealing with organizational change and the manager's role
as change agent
CLO3: Analyze the phases of the organizational life cycle that reflect major changes and relate
these to the functions of the manager
CLO4: Identify the styles of leadership, their characteristics, and the circumstances under which
they are applied
CLO5: Define the management functions of planning and decision making
CLO6: Define the basic management function of organizing and identifying the steps in the
organizing process
CLO7: Describe the role and activities of the professional practitioner as consultant
CLO8: Differentiate among committee types, their general purpose, and recommended
guidelines
CLO9: Explain the basic revenue cycle, steps in the budget cycle, and requirements of successful
budgeting
CLO10: Identify the components of employee training programs
CLO11: Differentiate between adaptation and motivation, explain proper disciplinary action,
and demonstrate how to address conflict constructively
CLO12: Explain the manager's critical role in fostering, enhancing, and improving interpersonal
communication
CLO13: Describe the fundamentals of formal and informal organizational communication
CLO14: Identify the essential elements of comprehensive management documents, including
the strategic plan, annual report, executive summaries, and project proposals
CLO15: Define the management fun ...
NORMAN, ELTON_BUS7380-8-7 2
NORMAN, ELTON_BUS7380-8-7 1
Design a Qualitative Study
BUS-7380 Assignment # 7
Elton Norman
Dr. Vicki Lindsay
15 November 2019
Greetings Elton,
Within this signature assignment for assignment number seven, you were to use 6-10 pages of text and 15-20 Scholarly peer-reviewed sources and answer the following parts of your assignment. These parts should be pieced from your feedback from your past assignments within this course. The assignment stated that you should have at least these following parts, within the paper:
Statement of problem. Provide a clear justification with evidence on why this study is relevant to your field and worthy of doctoral-level study. Support your efforts using 3 scholarly sources published within the past 5 years to ensure relevancy. Remember, the problem statement should reflect your degree type (applied or theory-based).
Purpose statement. Apply the script introduced in this course and your instructor’s feedback to produce an accurate and aligned problem statement.
Research question. The qualitative research query must be framed to deeply probe and investigate a problem. How, why, and what strategies are the best terms to include in your research question.
Defend your choice to use the qualitative methodology to research your identified problem. Synthesize 2 or 3 sources to support your arguments.
Defend your choice to use a specific qualitative research design. Synthesize 2 or 3 sources to support your arguments.
Explain how and why you will select participants from a specific population. Include citations for the identified population, the sampling method.
Identify and support with citations:
Data collection steps ≤==YOUR DATA COLLECTION METHOD NEEDS MORE INFORMATION
Ethical protection of human subjects
Logically define the steps in data analysis
How the four elements of trustworthiness could be addressed.
Anything above that is highlighted needs more information. It did not have sufficient information to pass that part of the assignment. If you have any questions about this or anything that is written in your feedback, please feel free to contact me.
***************
The feedback process consisted of a four-part summary (four-parts listed below), a few short, location-specific balloon-comments found within the margins of the text, and the highlighting of grammar, punctuation, or APA styling errors found within the text. Make sure that you view your document with the track changes (review toolbar) set to ALL MARKUP to be able to see all the comments.
The summary is split into four parts. These four parts consist of grammar/punctuation, conformity with APA style citations, conformity with APA style references, and content. The order of the parts listed does not intend to emphasize the importance of the parts as the content is always the most important part of the assignment. Therefore, it is listed in the end because normal memory concentrates on what was heard ...
Please following the directions listed below…..Ass.docxjanekahananbw
Please following the directions listed below…..
Assignment 2: Proposal for Organizational Learning Issues
Due Week 8 and worth 300 points
Using the information from Assignment 1 and the supporting documents, you must create a proposal for your CEO explaining the issue and implementation recommendations in transitioning the individual learning to organizational learning. Refer to the Project Proposal template, located in Week 8 of the online course shell for additional information on the content of each section of the proposal.
Write a five to seven (5-7) page proposal in which you:
Section 1: Project Summary
Summarize your findings along with the implementation recommendations.
Section 2: Project Background
Determine the issue that has disconnected the culture and organizational learning based on the three (3) selected mystifications from Assignment 1.
Critique the current OLM(s)’ hindrance to organizational learning and provide your recommendation(s) for the organization to address the issue.
Section 3: Project Goals and Methodology
Defend the one (1) OLM that is suitable (i.e., the OLM identified in Assignment 1) for the organization’s training and / or learning circumstances then suggest three (3) pros and three (3) cons of implementing the selected OLM. Next, diagnose the possible source that has prevented productive learning within the organization then support your recommendation(s) for a permanent change.
Suggest two (2) talent management strategies designed to prepare the organization for its readiness to share knowledge and maintain a learning environment.
Section 4: Project Risk Management
Elaborate on two (2) high resistance risks to this transition. Outline a plan for managing each resistance risk.
Generate a high quality After-Action Review (AAR) to monitor the effectiveness of the transition from individual to organization learning.
Specify one (1) training technique for the organization to introduce this new way of learning to the workforce. Next, examine whether or not the current organizational structure and processes can support transition from individual learning to organizational learning.
Use at least five (5) quality academic references in this assignment. Note: Wikipedia does not qualify as an academic resource.
Use the Project Proposal template located
here
.
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:
Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.
The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:
Examine the processes of how organizations learn and organizat.
Develop a 5–10-year strategic plan for achieving specific health.docxkhenry4
Develop a 5–10-year strategic plan for achieving specific health care quality and safety improvements, based on the analysis you completed in Assessment 1. Use either an AI approach or your SWOT analysis and a chosen strategic planning model.
Note:
Each assessment in this course builds on the work you completed in the previous assessment. Therefore, you must complete the assessments in this course in the order in which they are presented.
Evaluation of strategic choices is important. The methods for selecting strategic alternatives help leaders organize significant issues to support decision making. However, it is important that the techniques do not make the decision. Rather, leaders should use the techniques to reveal the inherent situation and to organize their thought processes. This assessment provides you with an opportunity to evaluate and apply some of the techniques for successful strategy development and implementation.
By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and assessment criteria:
Competency 1: Evaluate qualities and skills that promote effective leadership within health care organizations.
Evaluate the leadership qualities and skills that will be most important to successfully implementing a strategic plan and sustaining strategic direction.
Competency 2: Apply strategies to lead high-performing health care teams to meet organizational quality and safety goals.
Develop strategic goal statements and outcomes that support the achievement of specific quality and safety improvements for a care setting.
Justify the relevance of proposed strategic goals and outcomes in relation to the mission, vision, and values of a care setting.
Competency 3: Apply cultural, ethical, and regulatory considerations to leadership decision making.
Analyze the extent to which strategic goals and outcomes address the use of technology and the ethical, cultural, and regulatory environments.
Competency 4: Integrate leadership and health care theories into the role of the nurse leader.
Explain how relevant leadership and health care theories will be used to help achieve proposed strategic goals and objectives.
Competency 5: Communicate with stakeholders and constituencies to build collaborative partnerships and create inclusive work environments.
Communicate analyses clearly and in a way that demonstrates professionalism and respect for stakeholders and colleagues.
Integrate relevant and credible sources of evidence to support assertions, correctly formatting citations and references using APA style.
As you prepare to complete this assessment, you may want to think about other related issues to deepen your understanding or broaden your viewpoint. You are encouraged to consider the questions below and discuss them with a fellow learner, a work associate, an interested friend, or a member of your professional community. Note th.
Interview With a Nurse LeaderGuidelinesPurposeThe following.docxmariuse18nolet
Interview With a Nurse Leader:
GuidelinesPurpose
The following is the purpose of this assignment,
· Discuss the roles and responsibilities of a Nurse Leader in a selected healthcare organization.
· Review the organization’s mission, vision, values, and beliefs.
· Discuss the Nurse Leader’s strategic plan as it relates to The Institute of Medicine’s Quality initiatives and ONE of the following five core competencies.
1) Provide patient-centered care
2) Work in interdisciplinary/interprofessional teams
3) Employ evidence-based practice
4) Apply quality improvement
5) Utilize informatics
· Articulate the role of the BSN-prepared nurse to support the strategic plan related to selected IOM core competency.
· Articulate what was learned from time spent with interviewee and how own nursing practice will change as a result of the encounter and completion of this assignment. Course Outcomes
This assignment enables the student to meet the following course outcomes.
CO 1: Apply leadership concepts, skills, and decision making in the provision of high quality nursing care, healthcare team management, and the oversight and accountability for care delivery in a variety of settings. (PO #2)
CO 3: Participate in the development and implementation of imaginative and creative strategies to enable systems to change. (PO #7)
CO 5: Apply improvement methods, based on data from the outcomes of care processes, to design and test changes to continuously improve the quality and safety of healthcare. (PO #8)
CO 6: Develop a personal awareness of complex organizational systems and integrate values and beliefs with organizational mission. (PO #7)
CO 7: Apply leadership concepts in the development and initiation of effective plans for the microsystems and/or system-wide practice improvements that will improve the quality of healthcare delivery. (PO #2 and 3)
Points
This assignment is worth a total of 200 points.
Due Date
This assignment, Interview with a Nurse Leader, is due at the end of Week 6. Submit your completed interview, using the Interview Form, to the basket in the Dropbox by Sunday, 11:59 p.m. MT. Post questions to the weekly Q & A Forum. Contact your instructor if you need additional assistance. See the Course Policies regarding late assignments. Failure to submit your paper to the Dropbox on time will result in a deduction of points.
Directions
1. Interview Form from Doc Sharing. It is found under the Week 6 Interview link.
2. Select your interviewee, schedule and conduct an interview. This individual must be a Registered Nurse employed in a leadership role. Job titles of RNs who may be considered include, but are not limited to: Chief Nursing Officer, Vice President of Nursing/Patient Care Services, Director of Nursing, Associate/Assistant Director of Nursing, Nurse Manager, Patient Care Manager, and Department Head/Director who has RNs reporting to him or her. If you have any concerns about whether the RN is “suitable” for this assignment, contact your .
Assignment 1 Models for Competitive DynamicsDue Week 2 and wort.docxfelicitytaft14745
Assignment 1: Models for Competitive Dynamics
Due Week 2 and worth 105 points
Competition has, since the 90s, led to wider gaps between industry leaders and laggards. There are more “winner-take-all” environments and greater churns among industry sector rivals. We have witnessed sharp increases in quality and quantity of IT (Information Technology) investments. We’ve seen striking competitive dynamics, particularly in sectors that spend the most on IT. Some of the competitive dynamics models include the Destroy Your Business (DYB) strategy, the Grow Your Business (GYB) strategy, the Information Systems (IS) and strategic advantage, and the social business strategy.
Write a four to five page paper in which you:
1. Compare and contrast the DYB and GYB strategies in terms of the ability to sustain a business in the marketplace over the long term, to be competitive against rivals, and profitability.
2. Examine the “cannibalization” strategy and determine if it is or is not a better strategy compared to the DYB strategy for growth, competitiveness, and market leadership. Provide two business examples.
3. Determine whether or not changes in business strategy should entail reassessment of IS. Provide three reasons to support your position.
4. Examine how firms can use social IT in alignment with organizational strategy and IS strategy. Consider collaborative capabilities; and what, how, and who should use social IT for a social business strategy.
5. Use at three quality resources in this assignment. Note: Wikipedia and similar websites do not qualify as quality resources.
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:
· This course requires use of Strayer Writing Standards (SWS). The format is different than other Strayer University courses. Please take a moment to review the SWS documentation for details.
· Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.
The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:
· Demonstrate an understanding of the integration of enterprise systems with inter-organizational partners.
· Use technology and information resources to research issues in enterprise architecture.
· Write clearly and concisely about enterprise architecture topics using proper writing mechanics and technical style conventions.
Grading for this assignment will be based on answer quality, logic / organization of the paper, and language and writing skills, using the following rubric.
Click here to view the grading rubric for this assignment.
Strategic Plan
Strategic Plan Assignment
The ability to think strategically and make choices based on solid analysis and evaluation, in order to capitalize on achieving optimal results when applying limited resources of the firm, are at the core of this strategic initiative plan. Stra.
S2 2016 mgmt 2004 environmental issues in business dSHIVA101531
The document discusses implementing a strategic plan for Lakeview Elementary School. It identifies some key issues impacting the school's performance, including declining test scores and a need for data-driven teaching methods that address the diverse needs of the multicultural student population. Stakeholders who would be involved in implementing solutions include teachers, administrators, students, and parents. Their involvement would be determined by clearly outlining steps for participation and collecting data on implemented actions to evaluate effectiveness. The strategic plan aims to address all stakeholders' needs and improve the school's ability to help students succeed academically.
1 HTM 590 Hospitality Company Project Guidelines P.docxoswald1horne84988
The document provides guidelines for a hospitality company project, including:
- The objectives are to enhance student learning of strategic management and allow students to think critically about proposing strategic directions for hospitality companies.
- The project involves writing a paper analyzing a hospitality company's strategies, external/internal environments, and recommendations.
- Students must follow four steps: selecting a company, collecting information, outlining the project, and submitting the final paper.
CLC Group Values Part -1 (What do we need to do to ensure ou.docxclarebernice
CLC Group Values Part -1
(What do we need to do to ensure our team’s success?)
What each team member agrees to do
Why this is important to the team
Check into the CLC regularly to review progress on the assignment
Contribute ideas and feedback to the group from initial discussions throughout project completion
Communicate with all CLC members as soon as a problem or issue arises
Maintain respectful communications with all team members
Complete assigned tasks by the deadlines set by the CLC members
Take a leadership role in CLC assignments
Make sure to cite and reference all sources of information used in completing tasks
Other:
Other:
Project Management Specifics Part -2
(What needs to be undertaken to complete the CLC project?)
CLC Group Member’s Name
Task to be completed by this team member
Due date for completing the task for the CLC to review
My part
Contributing one or more ideas for how the project should be completed
My part
Outlining the CLC project
Assigning tasks to CLC members
Performing research on assigned topics and writing it up for CLC members to review
Making sure everyone meets their assigned deadlines for tasks
Proofreading and editing the paper
Submitting the paper via the Assignments feature by the due date deadline
Other:
Other:
CLC Group Interaction Guidelines- part 3
(How can we anticipate and deal with group conflict when it arises?)
What could happen to impede our teamwork
What we will do if this happens
A CLC member doesn’t provide project ideas or feedback to other team members
A CLC member doesn’t complete his or her task at all
A CLC member completes his or her task, but turns it in after the agreed-upon due date
Other:
Other:
CLC Group Review Process –part 4
(What makes a CLC effective?)
What did our CLC do well this time?
What can we do to be a more effective CLC next time?
· Created by GCU Faculty Training and Development
March 15, 2013 Page 4 of 4
CLC - Performance Appraisal at Telespazio: Aligning Strategic Goals to People Development - Case Study
1
Unsatisfactory
0.00%
2
Less than Satisfactory
74.00%
3
Satisfactory
79.00%
4
Good
87.00%
5
Excellent
100.00%
70.0 %Content
20.0 %Current Appraisal Methods
The description does not include the current appraisal method.
The description includes the current appraisal method, but it is incomplete or lacks details.
The description includes the current appraisal method and briefly identifies roles and performance ratings of employees.
The description includes a detailed current appraisal method and identifies roles and performance ratings of employees with at least one example of current practices.
The description includes a comprehensive appraisal method to include all required elements within the assignment with at least one example of current practices.
25.0 %Changes or Strategies for Telespazio
The description does not include changes or strategies for the company.
The description includes some changes or stra ...
[04] Assignment 4Top of FormInstructionsDirections Be s.docxgerardkortney
[04] Assignment 4
Top of Form
Instructions
Directions: Be sure to save an electronic copy of your answer before submitting it for grading. Unless otherwise stated, answer in complete sentences, and be sure to use correct English, spelling and grammar. Sources must be cited in APA format. Your response should be four (4) double-spaced pages; refer to the "Assignment Format" page located on the Course Home page for specific format requirements.
You will soon find yourself fulfilling roles in organizations where the ability to think strategically about issues will make you much more valuable to employers. For example, your boss may ask you to present information on a new strategy to gain a competitive advantage in the marketplace to the board of directors.
Part A: Strategic Management
Part A refers to the material in Lesson 1 of this course. Using logical, clear writing, do the following:
1. Describe strategy and the strategic management process.
2. Define competitive advantage and describe the two approaches used to estimate a firm's competitive advantages.
3. Explain why it is important to understand a firm's strategy.
Part B: External Analysis
Part B refers to the material in Lesson 2 of this course. Using logical, clear writing, do the following:
1. Describe an external analysis.
2. Analyze the two levels of the environment.
3. Identify and define the three elements of the S-C-P model.
Part C: Internal Analysis
Part C refers to the material in Lesson 3 of this course. Using logical, clear writing, do the following:
1. Describe an internal analysis.
2. Explain resources and capabilities.
3. Describe the VRIO framework.
Part D: Cost Leadership
Part D refers to the material in Lesson 4 of this course. Using logical, clear writing, do the following:
1. Differentiate between business strategies and corporate strategies and define the nature of a cost-leadership strategy.
2. Identify six sources of cost advantages for firms.
3. Identify the most appropriate organizational structure for a firm pursuing a cost-leadership strategy.
Rubric Name: Assignment 4 Rubric
This table lists criteria and criteria group name in the first column. The first row lists level names and includes scores if the rubric uses a numeric scoring method.Criteria
Exemplary
Satisfactory
Unsatisfactory
Unacceptable
Part A - Strategic Management
20 points
Student provides an accurate description of the strategic management process, addressing the descriptions, advantages, approaches, and importance.
14 points
Student provides a mostly accurate description of the strategic management process, addressing the descriptions, advantages, approaches, and importance.
7 points
Student provides only a partially accurate description of the strategic management process, addressing the descriptions, advantages, approaches, and importance.
0 points
Student does not describe the strategic management process.
/ 20
Part B - External Analysis
20 points
Student provides an accurate description of.
Assignment 2Situation AnalysisBased on what you’ve lea.docxursabrooks36447
Assignment 2
Situation Analysis
Based on what you’ve learned so far in this course, regarding the 5 Cs, 4Ps, and STP, complete the assessment questions below. Submit the completed template in the Week 10 assignment submission link.
Name:
Professor’s Name:
Course Title:
Date:
Company/Brand Selected (Mini Cooper, Samsung, Dairy Queen, or Axe):
NOTE: You will be completing an ORIGINAL Analysis on the business.
1. Customers
Who are the current customers/users? Include information related to demographics, psychographics and buying behavior, price sensitivity, customer satisfaction and loyalty.
For example: You could include information such as whether the brand is trying to appeal to a certain social or cultural group and how customers perceive the product/brand. It’s also possible to include demographic information related to: age, educational attainment, geographic area, gender, race, employment status and/or home ownership. Additionally, you can discuss psychographic information which includes those attributes that relate to personality, values, attitudes, interests, or lifestyles of people. This area is also related to situational life stages as well as customer beliefs, and how customers want to see themselves and be perceived. Some examples of psychographic groups include video gamers, soccer moms, sports fanatics, hipsters, and single moms. Life cycle stages include: retirees, new homeowners, college students and new parents. Be aware that some products/brands may appeal to a wider customer base than others.
[Insert response]
What do the customers buy/use of value from the business?
[Insert response]
What changes can the company/brand expect in the future? How can the company/brand better serve its customers?
(For example, you could include information about the current demand for the product/brand, and how it is changing or has changed including possible variations or modifications in the future. You may also determine/discuss if the brand/company can take advantage or has taken advantage of the changes. It’s also possible to consider and talk about whether the product/brand is a less expensive substitute, perhaps, or maybe a product/brand that is easier to use with more features.)
[Insert response]
Opportunities (Make sure you label why you call each item an opportunity):
1. [Insert response]
2. [Insert response]
3. [Insert response]
Threats: (Make sure you label why you call each item a threat):
1. [Insert response]
2. [Insert response]
3. [Insert response]
2. Company
This Section Discusses what the brand is currently.
Identify strengths and weaknesses of the company/brand as it exists today, providing at least 3 strengths and 3 weaknesses. What does the company/brand do well and not so well at this very moment?
List 3 Strengths (Make sure you label why you call each item a Strength):
1. [Insert response]
2. [Insert response]
3. [Insert response]
List 3 Weaknesses: (Make sure you label why you call each item a weakness):
1. .
Please go through the document completely before providing the answe.docxARIV4
Please go through the document completely before providing the answer.
Need a paper of 2-3 pages with references on the topic mentioned in the document.
Need a presentation of 2-3 slides with references on the same topic mentioned in the document.
No Plagiarism.
.
Please follow the instruction carefully. APA stile. Mínimum three re.docxARIV4
Please follow the instruction carefully. APA stile. Mínimum three references
Prepare a document with the definition or description of each of the key concepts that follow. The document must be written following the APA format and include the references used.
Key Concepts
1. Public Health
2. Health Policy
3. Surveillance
4. Standards
5. Quality of Health
6. Outbreak
7. Illness
8. Mortality
9. Population
.
Please follow the instructions attached in MS Word. Font Arial, .docxARIV4
Please follow the instructions attached in MS Word.
Font: Arial, 12 pointSpacing: double (Normal)Length: 2 page minimum (not including title, image, bibliography, or course information)Image: Attach as a separate document or include in the paper. REQUIRED
3 in-paper citations are REQUIRED
.
Please help me write a report focusing on photocatalysis of TiO2 .docxARIV4
Please help me write a report focusing on "photocatalysis of TiO2 material". Most of the papers regarding this topic can be found online.
Requirement:
- 8 to 10 pages long
- Does not have to be strictly plagiarism free (you can pick certain ideas from certain paper and lightly paraphrase their idea. You can just copy paste their images if they have any)
.
Please follow the directions in the assignment content Environme.docxARIV4
Please follow the directions in the assignment content
Environmental Print Activities [due Mon]
Assignment Content
Provide
two examples of environmental print, one that a preschool child (2 to 4 years old) may encounter and one that a kindergarten child (5 to 6 years old) may encounter.
Create
two different activities that use environmental print to develop children's print awareness. One activity must be for use with children in preschool (2- to 4-year-olds) and the other activity must be for use with children in kindergarten (5- to 6-year-olds).
Use
one of these activities with your client.
.
Please follow the directions below to complete the project1.).docxARIV4
Please follow the directions below to complete the project:
1.) Using Python, download the following attributes from
seedinvest.com
and put into an Excel spreadsheet:
Issuer
Offering Type
Title
Answers
Round Size
Issuer URL
Amount Raised
Bio
Security Type
Prior Rounds
Keywords
Total Investors
Questions
Tagline
Round Valuation Cap
Round Security Type
Round Closed Data
Investment Perks
Founders & Officers
Company Description
Minimum Investment
Pre-Money Valuation
Products & Services
*Data should include all the startups that are trying to raise funds through the parent site (Seed Invest)*
Note: Some of the attributes may not have data. Data attributes may be titled differently in some sites. Use your judgement to categorize these together and provide an explanation on the categorization.
2.) Provide screen shots of the code.
Give a brief walk through of strategy and approach, issues your ran into, end results.
.
Please follow all directions please. the attachment titled assignme.docxARIV4
The document provides instructions for an assignment on capital punishment, directing the reader to an attachment titled "assignment 9" for full directions and additional attachments as guides. The reader is asked to review all attachments and notify if any links are broken.
Please draft a personal message that you would like to appear on you.docxARIV4
Please draft a personal message that you would like to appear on your slide during the ceremony, maximum size 150 characters
Please remember that this is a formal ceremony. Please do not use slang or derogatory terms.
Highlight your love for the school, and your love for the math and economics departments. And thanks to the school teachers.
.
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Title
(Develop catchy title that attracts the reader’s attention (to read) your paper)
I.
Introduction
A. Quote or information on your topic (reference with superscript in the body of your
paper with correct citation number from your reference list)
B. On one hand Quote/Fact 1(reference with superscript in the body of your paper with
correct citation number from your reference list)
C. On the other hand, Quote/ Fact 2(reference with superscript in the body of your
paper with correct citation number from your reference list)
D. Quote (reference with superscript in the body of your paper with correct citation
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II.
Perspective of Supporter (Pro)
A. Supporters of (debate) ----- say X ,Y,
B. Potential benefits
C. Downside (potential risks)
D. Doing X … could result in ….. (benefit)
E. Doing X …could result in… upholding/ acknowledging/ creating rights (benefit)
III.
Perspective of Challenger (Cons)
A. Opposition to (debate) ----- say X ,Y,
B. Potential risks
C. Downside (potential risks)
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E. If support for (debate) is defeated, promises to result in… upholding/ acknowledging/
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PHAR 605 Pharmacy Law & Ethics
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IV.
Individual/ Group’s Opinion
A. In contrast, those against X believe ………
B. And further, opponents also believe …..
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E. That would result in …(positive improvement/ function/ results )
V.
Conclusion
A. Potential for resolving the debate/ problem rests in _______________.
B. Research other can help to ________________
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D. Aspects that require further discussion/ to be addressed further
E. Predict or project what future may have in store for society with respect to this debate
(Is debate/ problem likely to last longer or will (proposal) resolve problem/ debate? )
References
1. Use AMA format to cite the articles, sources, websites, etc., which you reference in
body of the paper.
2. Don’t forget to number your references and use the superscript number (in the body
of your paper) to cite the reference and match the citation in the reference list.
Please cite correctly… a couple of examples appear below. More information on
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3. Jones CM, Mack KA, Pau ...
AHS 626 SUPERVISION AND MANAGEMENT IN HEALTH PROFESSIONS .docxpoulterbarbara
AHS 626: SUPERVISION AND MANAGEMENT IN HEALTH PROFESSIONS
HEALTHCARE MANAGER INTERVIEW
Background
This activity is designed to provide you with the opportunity to speak to a healthcare manager
to learn more about his or her job duties while integrating the topics related to healthcare
management throughout the semester. Successful completion of this assignment requires
students to locate an individual who has been working as a healthcare manager for a minimum
of six months. Students will compose interview questions and conduct the interview. The
information provided by the healthcare manager will be used to compare and contrast his or
her experience to the information provided in the class. The output will be a unique paper of no
fewer than five pages.
Learning objectives
Upon completion of this assignment, students will be able to:
• Develop and utilize interview questions to effectively communicate with a healthcare
manager.
• Apply course materials covering healthcare management concepts to a real-life
situation.
• Analyze personal feelings about the roles and responsibilities of healthcare managers.
The learning objectives align with the following course objective:
CLO18: Analyze and report the lived experience of management in the healthcare sector
Additionally, depending on the questions that the student chooses to ask, the following course
objectives may align with this assignment:
CLO1: Describe the contemporary healthcare environment from the perspective of a manager
CLO2: Identify specific strategies for dealing with organizational change and the manager's role
as change agent
CLO3: Analyze the phases of the organizational life cycle that reflect major changes and relate
these to the functions of the manager
CLO4: Identify the styles of leadership, their characteristics, and the circumstances under which
they are applied
CLO5: Define the management functions of planning and decision making
CLO6: Define the basic management function of organizing and identifying the steps in the
organizing process
CLO7: Describe the role and activities of the professional practitioner as consultant
CLO8: Differentiate among committee types, their general purpose, and recommended
guidelines
CLO9: Explain the basic revenue cycle, steps in the budget cycle, and requirements of successful
budgeting
CLO10: Identify the components of employee training programs
CLO11: Differentiate between adaptation and motivation, explain proper disciplinary action,
and demonstrate how to address conflict constructively
CLO12: Explain the manager's critical role in fostering, enhancing, and improving interpersonal
communication
CLO13: Describe the fundamentals of formal and informal organizational communication
CLO14: Identify the essential elements of comprehensive management documents, including
the strategic plan, annual report, executive summaries, and project proposals
CLO15: Define the management fun.
AHS 626 SUPERVISION AND MANAGEMENT IN HEALTH PROFESSIONS .docxShiraPrater50
AHS 626: SUPERVISION AND MANAGEMENT IN HEALTH PROFESSIONS
HEALTHCARE MANAGER INTERVIEW
Background
This activity is designed to provide you with the opportunity to speak to a healthcare manager
to learn more about his or her job duties while integrating the topics related to healthcare
management throughout the semester. Successful completion of this assignment requires
students to locate an individual who has been working as a healthcare manager for a minimum
of six months. Students will compose interview questions and conduct the interview. The
information provided by the healthcare manager will be used to compare and contrast his or
her experience to the information provided in the class. The output will be a unique paper of no
fewer than five pages.
Learning objectives
Upon completion of this assignment, students will be able to:
• Develop and utilize interview questions to effectively communicate with a healthcare
manager.
• Apply course materials covering healthcare management concepts to a real-life
situation.
• Analyze personal feelings about the roles and responsibilities of healthcare managers.
The learning objectives align with the following course objective:
CLO18: Analyze and report the lived experience of management in the healthcare sector
Additionally, depending on the questions that the student chooses to ask, the following course
objectives may align with this assignment:
CLO1: Describe the contemporary healthcare environment from the perspective of a manager
CLO2: Identify specific strategies for dealing with organizational change and the manager's role
as change agent
CLO3: Analyze the phases of the organizational life cycle that reflect major changes and relate
these to the functions of the manager
CLO4: Identify the styles of leadership, their characteristics, and the circumstances under which
they are applied
CLO5: Define the management functions of planning and decision making
CLO6: Define the basic management function of organizing and identifying the steps in the
organizing process
CLO7: Describe the role and activities of the professional practitioner as consultant
CLO8: Differentiate among committee types, their general purpose, and recommended
guidelines
CLO9: Explain the basic revenue cycle, steps in the budget cycle, and requirements of successful
budgeting
CLO10: Identify the components of employee training programs
CLO11: Differentiate between adaptation and motivation, explain proper disciplinary action,
and demonstrate how to address conflict constructively
CLO12: Explain the manager's critical role in fostering, enhancing, and improving interpersonal
communication
CLO13: Describe the fundamentals of formal and informal organizational communication
CLO14: Identify the essential elements of comprehensive management documents, including
the strategic plan, annual report, executive summaries, and project proposals
CLO15: Define the management fun ...
NORMAN, ELTON_BUS7380-8-7 2
NORMAN, ELTON_BUS7380-8-7 1
Design a Qualitative Study
BUS-7380 Assignment # 7
Elton Norman
Dr. Vicki Lindsay
15 November 2019
Greetings Elton,
Within this signature assignment for assignment number seven, you were to use 6-10 pages of text and 15-20 Scholarly peer-reviewed sources and answer the following parts of your assignment. These parts should be pieced from your feedback from your past assignments within this course. The assignment stated that you should have at least these following parts, within the paper:
Statement of problem. Provide a clear justification with evidence on why this study is relevant to your field and worthy of doctoral-level study. Support your efforts using 3 scholarly sources published within the past 5 years to ensure relevancy. Remember, the problem statement should reflect your degree type (applied or theory-based).
Purpose statement. Apply the script introduced in this course and your instructor’s feedback to produce an accurate and aligned problem statement.
Research question. The qualitative research query must be framed to deeply probe and investigate a problem. How, why, and what strategies are the best terms to include in your research question.
Defend your choice to use the qualitative methodology to research your identified problem. Synthesize 2 or 3 sources to support your arguments.
Defend your choice to use a specific qualitative research design. Synthesize 2 or 3 sources to support your arguments.
Explain how and why you will select participants from a specific population. Include citations for the identified population, the sampling method.
Identify and support with citations:
Data collection steps ≤==YOUR DATA COLLECTION METHOD NEEDS MORE INFORMATION
Ethical protection of human subjects
Logically define the steps in data analysis
How the four elements of trustworthiness could be addressed.
Anything above that is highlighted needs more information. It did not have sufficient information to pass that part of the assignment. If you have any questions about this or anything that is written in your feedback, please feel free to contact me.
***************
The feedback process consisted of a four-part summary (four-parts listed below), a few short, location-specific balloon-comments found within the margins of the text, and the highlighting of grammar, punctuation, or APA styling errors found within the text. Make sure that you view your document with the track changes (review toolbar) set to ALL MARKUP to be able to see all the comments.
The summary is split into four parts. These four parts consist of grammar/punctuation, conformity with APA style citations, conformity with APA style references, and content. The order of the parts listed does not intend to emphasize the importance of the parts as the content is always the most important part of the assignment. Therefore, it is listed in the end because normal memory concentrates on what was heard ...
Please following the directions listed below…..Ass.docxjanekahananbw
Please following the directions listed below…..
Assignment 2: Proposal for Organizational Learning Issues
Due Week 8 and worth 300 points
Using the information from Assignment 1 and the supporting documents, you must create a proposal for your CEO explaining the issue and implementation recommendations in transitioning the individual learning to organizational learning. Refer to the Project Proposal template, located in Week 8 of the online course shell for additional information on the content of each section of the proposal.
Write a five to seven (5-7) page proposal in which you:
Section 1: Project Summary
Summarize your findings along with the implementation recommendations.
Section 2: Project Background
Determine the issue that has disconnected the culture and organizational learning based on the three (3) selected mystifications from Assignment 1.
Critique the current OLM(s)’ hindrance to organizational learning and provide your recommendation(s) for the organization to address the issue.
Section 3: Project Goals and Methodology
Defend the one (1) OLM that is suitable (i.e., the OLM identified in Assignment 1) for the organization’s training and / or learning circumstances then suggest three (3) pros and three (3) cons of implementing the selected OLM. Next, diagnose the possible source that has prevented productive learning within the organization then support your recommendation(s) for a permanent change.
Suggest two (2) talent management strategies designed to prepare the organization for its readiness to share knowledge and maintain a learning environment.
Section 4: Project Risk Management
Elaborate on two (2) high resistance risks to this transition. Outline a plan for managing each resistance risk.
Generate a high quality After-Action Review (AAR) to monitor the effectiveness of the transition from individual to organization learning.
Specify one (1) training technique for the organization to introduce this new way of learning to the workforce. Next, examine whether or not the current organizational structure and processes can support transition from individual learning to organizational learning.
Use at least five (5) quality academic references in this assignment. Note: Wikipedia does not qualify as an academic resource.
Use the Project Proposal template located
here
.
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:
Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.
The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:
Examine the processes of how organizations learn and organizat.
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Develop a 5–10-year strategic plan for achieving specific health care quality and safety improvements, based on the analysis you completed in Assessment 1. Use either an AI approach or your SWOT analysis and a chosen strategic planning model.
Note:
Each assessment in this course builds on the work you completed in the previous assessment. Therefore, you must complete the assessments in this course in the order in which they are presented.
Evaluation of strategic choices is important. The methods for selecting strategic alternatives help leaders organize significant issues to support decision making. However, it is important that the techniques do not make the decision. Rather, leaders should use the techniques to reveal the inherent situation and to organize their thought processes. This assessment provides you with an opportunity to evaluate and apply some of the techniques for successful strategy development and implementation.
By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and assessment criteria:
Competency 1: Evaluate qualities and skills that promote effective leadership within health care organizations.
Evaluate the leadership qualities and skills that will be most important to successfully implementing a strategic plan and sustaining strategic direction.
Competency 2: Apply strategies to lead high-performing health care teams to meet organizational quality and safety goals.
Develop strategic goal statements and outcomes that support the achievement of specific quality and safety improvements for a care setting.
Justify the relevance of proposed strategic goals and outcomes in relation to the mission, vision, and values of a care setting.
Competency 3: Apply cultural, ethical, and regulatory considerations to leadership decision making.
Analyze the extent to which strategic goals and outcomes address the use of technology and the ethical, cultural, and regulatory environments.
Competency 4: Integrate leadership and health care theories into the role of the nurse leader.
Explain how relevant leadership and health care theories will be used to help achieve proposed strategic goals and objectives.
Competency 5: Communicate with stakeholders and constituencies to build collaborative partnerships and create inclusive work environments.
Communicate analyses clearly and in a way that demonstrates professionalism and respect for stakeholders and colleagues.
Integrate relevant and credible sources of evidence to support assertions, correctly formatting citations and references using APA style.
As you prepare to complete this assessment, you may want to think about other related issues to deepen your understanding or broaden your viewpoint. You are encouraged to consider the questions below and discuss them with a fellow learner, a work associate, an interested friend, or a member of your professional community. Note th.
Interview With a Nurse LeaderGuidelinesPurposeThe following.docxmariuse18nolet
Interview With a Nurse Leader:
GuidelinesPurpose
The following is the purpose of this assignment,
· Discuss the roles and responsibilities of a Nurse Leader in a selected healthcare organization.
· Review the organization’s mission, vision, values, and beliefs.
· Discuss the Nurse Leader’s strategic plan as it relates to The Institute of Medicine’s Quality initiatives and ONE of the following five core competencies.
1) Provide patient-centered care
2) Work in interdisciplinary/interprofessional teams
3) Employ evidence-based practice
4) Apply quality improvement
5) Utilize informatics
· Articulate the role of the BSN-prepared nurse to support the strategic plan related to selected IOM core competency.
· Articulate what was learned from time spent with interviewee and how own nursing practice will change as a result of the encounter and completion of this assignment. Course Outcomes
This assignment enables the student to meet the following course outcomes.
CO 1: Apply leadership concepts, skills, and decision making in the provision of high quality nursing care, healthcare team management, and the oversight and accountability for care delivery in a variety of settings. (PO #2)
CO 3: Participate in the development and implementation of imaginative and creative strategies to enable systems to change. (PO #7)
CO 5: Apply improvement methods, based on data from the outcomes of care processes, to design and test changes to continuously improve the quality and safety of healthcare. (PO #8)
CO 6: Develop a personal awareness of complex organizational systems and integrate values and beliefs with organizational mission. (PO #7)
CO 7: Apply leadership concepts in the development and initiation of effective plans for the microsystems and/or system-wide practice improvements that will improve the quality of healthcare delivery. (PO #2 and 3)
Points
This assignment is worth a total of 200 points.
Due Date
This assignment, Interview with a Nurse Leader, is due at the end of Week 6. Submit your completed interview, using the Interview Form, to the basket in the Dropbox by Sunday, 11:59 p.m. MT. Post questions to the weekly Q & A Forum. Contact your instructor if you need additional assistance. See the Course Policies regarding late assignments. Failure to submit your paper to the Dropbox on time will result in a deduction of points.
Directions
1. Interview Form from Doc Sharing. It is found under the Week 6 Interview link.
2. Select your interviewee, schedule and conduct an interview. This individual must be a Registered Nurse employed in a leadership role. Job titles of RNs who may be considered include, but are not limited to: Chief Nursing Officer, Vice President of Nursing/Patient Care Services, Director of Nursing, Associate/Assistant Director of Nursing, Nurse Manager, Patient Care Manager, and Department Head/Director who has RNs reporting to him or her. If you have any concerns about whether the RN is “suitable” for this assignment, contact your .
Assignment 1 Models for Competitive DynamicsDue Week 2 and wort.docxfelicitytaft14745
Assignment 1: Models for Competitive Dynamics
Due Week 2 and worth 105 points
Competition has, since the 90s, led to wider gaps between industry leaders and laggards. There are more “winner-take-all” environments and greater churns among industry sector rivals. We have witnessed sharp increases in quality and quantity of IT (Information Technology) investments. We’ve seen striking competitive dynamics, particularly in sectors that spend the most on IT. Some of the competitive dynamics models include the Destroy Your Business (DYB) strategy, the Grow Your Business (GYB) strategy, the Information Systems (IS) and strategic advantage, and the social business strategy.
Write a four to five page paper in which you:
1. Compare and contrast the DYB and GYB strategies in terms of the ability to sustain a business in the marketplace over the long term, to be competitive against rivals, and profitability.
2. Examine the “cannibalization” strategy and determine if it is or is not a better strategy compared to the DYB strategy for growth, competitiveness, and market leadership. Provide two business examples.
3. Determine whether or not changes in business strategy should entail reassessment of IS. Provide three reasons to support your position.
4. Examine how firms can use social IT in alignment with organizational strategy and IS strategy. Consider collaborative capabilities; and what, how, and who should use social IT for a social business strategy.
5. Use at three quality resources in this assignment. Note: Wikipedia and similar websites do not qualify as quality resources.
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:
· This course requires use of Strayer Writing Standards (SWS). The format is different than other Strayer University courses. Please take a moment to review the SWS documentation for details.
· Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.
The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:
· Demonstrate an understanding of the integration of enterprise systems with inter-organizational partners.
· Use technology and information resources to research issues in enterprise architecture.
· Write clearly and concisely about enterprise architecture topics using proper writing mechanics and technical style conventions.
Grading for this assignment will be based on answer quality, logic / organization of the paper, and language and writing skills, using the following rubric.
Click here to view the grading rubric for this assignment.
Strategic Plan
Strategic Plan Assignment
The ability to think strategically and make choices based on solid analysis and evaluation, in order to capitalize on achieving optimal results when applying limited resources of the firm, are at the core of this strategic initiative plan. Stra.
S2 2016 mgmt 2004 environmental issues in business dSHIVA101531
The document discusses implementing a strategic plan for Lakeview Elementary School. It identifies some key issues impacting the school's performance, including declining test scores and a need for data-driven teaching methods that address the diverse needs of the multicultural student population. Stakeholders who would be involved in implementing solutions include teachers, administrators, students, and parents. Their involvement would be determined by clearly outlining steps for participation and collecting data on implemented actions to evaluate effectiveness. The strategic plan aims to address all stakeholders' needs and improve the school's ability to help students succeed academically.
1 HTM 590 Hospitality Company Project Guidelines P.docxoswald1horne84988
The document provides guidelines for a hospitality company project, including:
- The objectives are to enhance student learning of strategic management and allow students to think critically about proposing strategic directions for hospitality companies.
- The project involves writing a paper analyzing a hospitality company's strategies, external/internal environments, and recommendations.
- Students must follow four steps: selecting a company, collecting information, outlining the project, and submitting the final paper.
CLC Group Values Part -1 (What do we need to do to ensure ou.docxclarebernice
CLC Group Values Part -1
(What do we need to do to ensure our team’s success?)
What each team member agrees to do
Why this is important to the team
Check into the CLC regularly to review progress on the assignment
Contribute ideas and feedback to the group from initial discussions throughout project completion
Communicate with all CLC members as soon as a problem or issue arises
Maintain respectful communications with all team members
Complete assigned tasks by the deadlines set by the CLC members
Take a leadership role in CLC assignments
Make sure to cite and reference all sources of information used in completing tasks
Other:
Other:
Project Management Specifics Part -2
(What needs to be undertaken to complete the CLC project?)
CLC Group Member’s Name
Task to be completed by this team member
Due date for completing the task for the CLC to review
My part
Contributing one or more ideas for how the project should be completed
My part
Outlining the CLC project
Assigning tasks to CLC members
Performing research on assigned topics and writing it up for CLC members to review
Making sure everyone meets their assigned deadlines for tasks
Proofreading and editing the paper
Submitting the paper via the Assignments feature by the due date deadline
Other:
Other:
CLC Group Interaction Guidelines- part 3
(How can we anticipate and deal with group conflict when it arises?)
What could happen to impede our teamwork
What we will do if this happens
A CLC member doesn’t provide project ideas or feedback to other team members
A CLC member doesn’t complete his or her task at all
A CLC member completes his or her task, but turns it in after the agreed-upon due date
Other:
Other:
CLC Group Review Process –part 4
(What makes a CLC effective?)
What did our CLC do well this time?
What can we do to be a more effective CLC next time?
· Created by GCU Faculty Training and Development
March 15, 2013 Page 4 of 4
CLC - Performance Appraisal at Telespazio: Aligning Strategic Goals to People Development - Case Study
1
Unsatisfactory
0.00%
2
Less than Satisfactory
74.00%
3
Satisfactory
79.00%
4
Good
87.00%
5
Excellent
100.00%
70.0 %Content
20.0 %Current Appraisal Methods
The description does not include the current appraisal method.
The description includes the current appraisal method, but it is incomplete or lacks details.
The description includes the current appraisal method and briefly identifies roles and performance ratings of employees.
The description includes a detailed current appraisal method and identifies roles and performance ratings of employees with at least one example of current practices.
The description includes a comprehensive appraisal method to include all required elements within the assignment with at least one example of current practices.
25.0 %Changes or Strategies for Telespazio
The description does not include changes or strategies for the company.
The description includes some changes or stra ...
[04] Assignment 4Top of FormInstructionsDirections Be s.docxgerardkortney
[04] Assignment 4
Top of Form
Instructions
Directions: Be sure to save an electronic copy of your answer before submitting it for grading. Unless otherwise stated, answer in complete sentences, and be sure to use correct English, spelling and grammar. Sources must be cited in APA format. Your response should be four (4) double-spaced pages; refer to the "Assignment Format" page located on the Course Home page for specific format requirements.
You will soon find yourself fulfilling roles in organizations where the ability to think strategically about issues will make you much more valuable to employers. For example, your boss may ask you to present information on a new strategy to gain a competitive advantage in the marketplace to the board of directors.
Part A: Strategic Management
Part A refers to the material in Lesson 1 of this course. Using logical, clear writing, do the following:
1. Describe strategy and the strategic management process.
2. Define competitive advantage and describe the two approaches used to estimate a firm's competitive advantages.
3. Explain why it is important to understand a firm's strategy.
Part B: External Analysis
Part B refers to the material in Lesson 2 of this course. Using logical, clear writing, do the following:
1. Describe an external analysis.
2. Analyze the two levels of the environment.
3. Identify and define the three elements of the S-C-P model.
Part C: Internal Analysis
Part C refers to the material in Lesson 3 of this course. Using logical, clear writing, do the following:
1. Describe an internal analysis.
2. Explain resources and capabilities.
3. Describe the VRIO framework.
Part D: Cost Leadership
Part D refers to the material in Lesson 4 of this course. Using logical, clear writing, do the following:
1. Differentiate between business strategies and corporate strategies and define the nature of a cost-leadership strategy.
2. Identify six sources of cost advantages for firms.
3. Identify the most appropriate organizational structure for a firm pursuing a cost-leadership strategy.
Rubric Name: Assignment 4 Rubric
This table lists criteria and criteria group name in the first column. The first row lists level names and includes scores if the rubric uses a numeric scoring method.Criteria
Exemplary
Satisfactory
Unsatisfactory
Unacceptable
Part A - Strategic Management
20 points
Student provides an accurate description of the strategic management process, addressing the descriptions, advantages, approaches, and importance.
14 points
Student provides a mostly accurate description of the strategic management process, addressing the descriptions, advantages, approaches, and importance.
7 points
Student provides only a partially accurate description of the strategic management process, addressing the descriptions, advantages, approaches, and importance.
0 points
Student does not describe the strategic management process.
/ 20
Part B - External Analysis
20 points
Student provides an accurate description of.
Assignment 2Situation AnalysisBased on what you’ve lea.docxursabrooks36447
Assignment 2
Situation Analysis
Based on what you’ve learned so far in this course, regarding the 5 Cs, 4Ps, and STP, complete the assessment questions below. Submit the completed template in the Week 10 assignment submission link.
Name:
Professor’s Name:
Course Title:
Date:
Company/Brand Selected (Mini Cooper, Samsung, Dairy Queen, or Axe):
NOTE: You will be completing an ORIGINAL Analysis on the business.
1. Customers
Who are the current customers/users? Include information related to demographics, psychographics and buying behavior, price sensitivity, customer satisfaction and loyalty.
For example: You could include information such as whether the brand is trying to appeal to a certain social or cultural group and how customers perceive the product/brand. It’s also possible to include demographic information related to: age, educational attainment, geographic area, gender, race, employment status and/or home ownership. Additionally, you can discuss psychographic information which includes those attributes that relate to personality, values, attitudes, interests, or lifestyles of people. This area is also related to situational life stages as well as customer beliefs, and how customers want to see themselves and be perceived. Some examples of psychographic groups include video gamers, soccer moms, sports fanatics, hipsters, and single moms. Life cycle stages include: retirees, new homeowners, college students and new parents. Be aware that some products/brands may appeal to a wider customer base than others.
[Insert response]
What do the customers buy/use of value from the business?
[Insert response]
What changes can the company/brand expect in the future? How can the company/brand better serve its customers?
(For example, you could include information about the current demand for the product/brand, and how it is changing or has changed including possible variations or modifications in the future. You may also determine/discuss if the brand/company can take advantage or has taken advantage of the changes. It’s also possible to consider and talk about whether the product/brand is a less expensive substitute, perhaps, or maybe a product/brand that is easier to use with more features.)
[Insert response]
Opportunities (Make sure you label why you call each item an opportunity):
1. [Insert response]
2. [Insert response]
3. [Insert response]
Threats: (Make sure you label why you call each item a threat):
1. [Insert response]
2. [Insert response]
3. [Insert response]
2. Company
This Section Discusses what the brand is currently.
Identify strengths and weaknesses of the company/brand as it exists today, providing at least 3 strengths and 3 weaknesses. What does the company/brand do well and not so well at this very moment?
List 3 Strengths (Make sure you label why you call each item a Strength):
1. [Insert response]
2. [Insert response]
3. [Insert response]
List 3 Weaknesses: (Make sure you label why you call each item a weakness):
1. .
Similar to MBA 700 Leader Interview Assignment Guidelines and Gradin.docx (14)
Please go through the document completely before providing the answe.docxARIV4
Please go through the document completely before providing the answer.
Need a paper of 2-3 pages with references on the topic mentioned in the document.
Need a presentation of 2-3 slides with references on the same topic mentioned in the document.
No Plagiarism.
.
Please follow the instruction carefully. APA stile. Mínimum three re.docxARIV4
Please follow the instruction carefully. APA stile. Mínimum three references
Prepare a document with the definition or description of each of the key concepts that follow. The document must be written following the APA format and include the references used.
Key Concepts
1. Public Health
2. Health Policy
3. Surveillance
4. Standards
5. Quality of Health
6. Outbreak
7. Illness
8. Mortality
9. Population
.
Please follow the instructions attached in MS Word. Font Arial, .docxARIV4
Please follow the instructions attached in MS Word.
Font: Arial, 12 pointSpacing: double (Normal)Length: 2 page minimum (not including title, image, bibliography, or course information)Image: Attach as a separate document or include in the paper. REQUIRED
3 in-paper citations are REQUIRED
.
Please help me write a report focusing on photocatalysis of TiO2 .docxARIV4
Please help me write a report focusing on "photocatalysis of TiO2 material". Most of the papers regarding this topic can be found online.
Requirement:
- 8 to 10 pages long
- Does not have to be strictly plagiarism free (you can pick certain ideas from certain paper and lightly paraphrase their idea. You can just copy paste their images if they have any)
.
Please follow the directions in the assignment content Environme.docxARIV4
Please follow the directions in the assignment content
Environmental Print Activities [due Mon]
Assignment Content
Provide
two examples of environmental print, one that a preschool child (2 to 4 years old) may encounter and one that a kindergarten child (5 to 6 years old) may encounter.
Create
two different activities that use environmental print to develop children's print awareness. One activity must be for use with children in preschool (2- to 4-year-olds) and the other activity must be for use with children in kindergarten (5- to 6-year-olds).
Use
one of these activities with your client.
.
Please follow the directions below to complete the project1.).docxARIV4
Please follow the directions below to complete the project:
1.) Using Python, download the following attributes from
seedinvest.com
and put into an Excel spreadsheet:
Issuer
Offering Type
Title
Answers
Round Size
Issuer URL
Amount Raised
Bio
Security Type
Prior Rounds
Keywords
Total Investors
Questions
Tagline
Round Valuation Cap
Round Security Type
Round Closed Data
Investment Perks
Founders & Officers
Company Description
Minimum Investment
Pre-Money Valuation
Products & Services
*Data should include all the startups that are trying to raise funds through the parent site (Seed Invest)*
Note: Some of the attributes may not have data. Data attributes may be titled differently in some sites. Use your judgement to categorize these together and provide an explanation on the categorization.
2.) Provide screen shots of the code.
Give a brief walk through of strategy and approach, issues your ran into, end results.
.
Please follow all directions please. the attachment titled assignme.docxARIV4
The document provides instructions for an assignment on capital punishment, directing the reader to an attachment titled "assignment 9" for full directions and additional attachments as guides. The reader is asked to review all attachments and notify if any links are broken.
Please draft a personal message that you would like to appear on you.docxARIV4
Please draft a personal message that you would like to appear on your slide during the ceremony, maximum size 150 characters
Please remember that this is a formal ceremony. Please do not use slang or derogatory terms.
Highlight your love for the school, and your love for the math and economics departments. And thanks to the school teachers.
.
Please explain how you have met various BSN Essentials for each co.docxARIV4
Please explain how you have met various BSN Essentials for each course listed below based on the completion of various course assignments and/ or clinical practice experiences. I have attached the BSN essentials as well as a course description for each course. The paper needs to be 1.5 pages discussing a bit about each class. The description of each class is listed below along with an explanation of each BSN essential. Utilize as many essential key point as possible for each course listed.
1.5 pages
12 Point Font (Times New Roman)
Care Management II
Nursing care management of diverse adult and elderly acute care populations experiencing physiologic and psychological illnesses. Proficiency is acquired in the classroom and in clinical experiences across conditions that have a significant effect on quality of life, are highly preventable, and/or economically inefficient. Emphasis is placed on interprofessional collaboration and advocacy to achieve optimal outcomes.
Information Technology for Nursing
Information management and patient care technology skills, including analysis of various applications of information systems within the context of the healthcare system. Elements covered include theoretical models; data acquisition and data representation; nursing vocabularies and nursing knowledge representation; managing organizational change; ethical and social issues in healthcare and consumer information technology.
Nursing Pharmacotherapeutics
Pre-licensure BSN course. Essential concepts and principles of pharmacology as applied to baccalaureate level nursing practice. Imparts knowledge and skills required for safe, effective administration of therapeutic drugs (including herbal and complementary medications). The course covers critical skills related to dosage calculation and medication administration that. must be performed without error to achieve a passing grade for the course.
The BSN Essentials
Essential I: Liberal Education for Baccalaureate Generalist Nursing Practice
A solid base in liberal education provides the cornerstone for the practice and
education of nurses.
Essential II: Basic Organizational and Systems Leadership for Quality Care and
Patient Safety
Knowledge and skills in leadership, quality improvement, and patient safety are
necessary to provide high quality health care.
Essential III: Scholarship for Evidence Based Practice
Professional nursing practice is grounded in the translation of current evidence
into one’s practice.
Essential IV: Information Management and Application of Patient Care Technology
Knowledge and skills in information management and patient care technology are
critical in the delivery of quality patient care.
Essential V: Health Care Policy, Finance, and Regulatory Environments
Healthcare policies, including financial and regulatory, directly and indirectly
influence the nature and functioning of the healthcare system and thereby are
important considerations in professional nursing pra.
Please Follow directions or I will dispute please answer origina.docxARIV4
Please Follow directions or I will dispute
please answer original forum with a minimum of 250 words and respond to both students separately with a minimum of 100 words each
page 1 Original Forum with References
page 2 Heath response with references
page 3 hildreth response with references
OriginL Forum
Analyze and critique the safety and emergency management structure found in the port environment, and discuss the supporting plans and programs typically found in a major port operation. As part of your discussion, judge the legislative policies developed to prevent, prepare for, respond to, and recover from a WMD attack at a major port. In your opinion, are the current legislative security policies sufficient to secure and protect US ports? Explain.
Student response
heath
Good afternoon classmates and Professor. I apologize for being late with this assignment. I have been busy directing the setup of maintenance operations at a TDY location in Northern Sweden.
I am not sure if I am not using the correct verbiage or if being in Sweden is providing different results than I would normally receive when conducting research, but I have spent hours trying to find sources to utilize for this post. The few that I do find are ~2003 era and I feel are so out of date that they are not relevant anymore. Therefore, I will do my best to provide some thoughts on this week’s topic.
From the course we have read or discussed the roll of the Captain of the Port. Their responsibility is over a single port or a series of ports and provide a single point of command and control for all responding agencies in the event of an emergency like an attack at a port. The agencies could be local law enforcement like the county sherrif or city police, state police, FBI, and the Coast Guard. Through this position, they have certain abilities to control or even stop all operations in the port if it is deemed necessary to prevent, stop, or recover from an emergency situation.
Some of the major ports in the country and even around the world may have a trained private security force that is responsible for the day to day security as well as be able to rapidly respond to an emerging threat as it is identified. This would enable them to quickly eliminate or reduce the threat thereby preventing damage to the port and hindering operations.
Each port should have a port security plan in place to assist in responding to emergencies. The plan should include general information about the port’s facilities, its organizational structure, security levels and associated changes in threat posture, duties of the port security personnel, a communication plan, and responses to security threats, incidents and breaches (Port Facility Security Plan, 2019).
Based on discussions earlier in this course, I believe we have improved our port security operations, but they can stand to be further strengthened.
-Heath
Source(s):
Port Facility .
Please find the attached.Task 1 - In 150 words comment on att.docxARIV4
Please find the attached.
Task 1 : - In 150 words comment on attached two presentations reflecting on your own experience, challenging assumptions, pointing out something new you learned, and offering suggestions.
Task2 : - Write an essay of at least 450 words discussing discussing how a blockchain implementation would improve data security in a military, education, or other context.
.
Please draw primarily from this weeks readings (and use additio.docxARIV4
Please draw primarily from this week's readings (and use additional outside sources as needed) to address each of the following questions:
1. What are some of the biggest benefits of a globalized economy? What are some of the biggest problems?
2. Choose two of the international political economy (IPE) theories discussed in the lesson and compare/contrast how each views the relationship between economic interdependence and peace.
Post needs to be 400 words
.
Please explain the reoccurring theme (sub-textual idea) of blin.docxARIV4
Please explain the reoccurring theme (sub-textual idea) of "blindness" in the play Oedipus. What was the reason behind it? Use examples from the play to support your answer.
Be as complete as possible (1-2 paragraphs)
the play is in the attachment.
.
Please fill the attached Self-Assessment Surveys (TWO) and calcula.docxARIV4
Please fill the attached Self-Assessment Surveys (TWO) and calculate your score according to the instruction after each survey. These are personal assessments and I want you to be as honest as possible, rather than worry about what I am going to think.
1. AM I A DELIBERATE DECISION MAKER?
Indicate to what extent the following statements describe you when you make decisions.
1 = to a very little extent; 2 = to a little extent; 3 = somewhat; 4 = to a large extent; 5 = to a very large extent
1
2
3
4
5
1. I jump into things without thinking.
2. I make rash decisions.
3. I like to act on a whim.
4. I rush into things.
5. I don’t know why I do some of the things I do.
6. I act quickly without thinking.
7. I choose my words with care.
Instructions:
To score the measure, first reverse-code items 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. So that 1=5, 2=4, 3=3, 4=2, and 5=1. Then compute the sum of the 7 items. Scores will range from 7 to 35.
Interpretation
People differ in how they make decisions. Some people prefer to collect information, carefully weigh alternatives, and then select the best option, while others prefer to make a choice as quickly as possible.
This scale assesses how deliberate you are when making decisions. If you scored at or above 28, you tend to be quite deliberate. If you scored at or below 14, you tend to be rash. Scores between 14 and 27 reveal a more blended style of decision making.
How should decisions be made? The rational model states that individuals should define the problem, identify what criteria are relevant to making the decision and weigh those criteria according to importance, develop alternatives, and finally evaluate and select the best alternative. Though this sounds like an arduous process, research has shown that the rational model tends to result in better decisions.
Interestingly, personality is related to a person’s decision-making style. Individuals who are deliberate and decisive tend to be high in emotional stability and high in conscientiousness, while individuals who are more impulsive tend to be low on these two traits. Thus, while your decision-making style is likely to be somewhat stable, following the rational model should help you to avoid making rash decisions.
2. HOW CREATIVE AM I?
Review the 30 adjectives that follow. Being honest and forthright with your answers, identify only those items that accurately describe you.
1. Affected
2. Capable
3. Cautious
4. Clever
5. Commonplace
6. Confident
7. Conservative
8. Conventional
9. Dissatisfied
10. Egotistical
11. Honest
12. Humorous
13. Individualistic
14. Informal
15. Insightful
16. Intelligent
17. Inventive
18. Mannerly
19. Narrow Interests
20. Original
21. Reflective
22. Resourceful
23. Self-confident
24. Sexy
25. Sincere
26. Snobbish
27. Submissive
28. Suspicious
29. Unconventional
30. Wide Interests
Instructions:
The score was calculated by adding 1 point if you descr.
Please explain the rules of the calling program (Caller Rules).docxARIV4
Please explain the rules of the calling program (Caller Rules)?
What is the differences between or an xor? Why would you use either of these conditions?
What is the Hanoi Puzzle? Why does it relate to a stack?
Why is the purpose of creating jumps?
.
Please follow directions to receive all possible points!!The int.docxARIV4
Please follow directions to receive all possible points!!
The introduction to your project should be at least one paragraph and should introduce the readers to the topic that you have chosen and why you are interested in researching that topic. Include an introductory sentence that draws readers into the subject matter of paper. (Prostitution)
The conclusion should be at least one paragraph and should wrap up what was covered in the paper.
.
Please follow instructions A blanch interpersonal record attached..docxARIV4
*Please follow instructions: A blanch interpersonal record attached.
*All information should be on Interpersonal record.
*Two pages-Only-for each week. A total of three weeks log.
* A total of six pages. Have different dates on each week.
*The student will choose a child in the community of approximately 2 ½ years of age to 4 years of age to interact with on an ongoing basis.
* There must be an opportunity to do at least one home visit and interact with primary caregiver and family.
*A genogram and cultural assessment will be included with the theory paper, based on this experience.
*Logs will be kept of time of interaction, verbatim interactions and
*analysis with a classical theorist: Freud, Erickson, Klein, Sullivan, Peplau, etc. *Using a different theorist on each log may provide the student with exposure to many ways of looking at behaviors. Logs will be submitted weekly.
Clinical Requirements:
1. Choose a child- (Make it up) 2 1/2 -4 years
2. Make at least one home visit and interact with primary caregiver, family.
3. Construct a genogram.
4. Include a cultural assessment of family.
5. Maintain a log of time, verbatim interactions, and submit monthly.
6. Perform a Denver Developmental Survey with Child.
.
Please explain how you have met various BSN Essentials for each cour.docxARIV4
Please explain how you have met various BSN Essentials for each course listed below based on the completion of various course assignments and/ or clinical practice experiences. I have attached the BSN essentials as well as a course description for each course. The paper needs to be 3 pages discussing a bit about each class.
3 pages minimum
12 Point Font (Times New Roman)
Care Management IV-
Course Description: Nursing care management of patients with chronic and complex physiological and/or psychological health issues, as well as conditions associated with selected high risk, high cost, and emergent conditions that are treated in intensive care, emergency, and/or trauma settings. Proficiency is acquired in the classroom and while working in various settings that may include acute care, long-term care, home health, hospice, and substance abuse/mental health settings. Prioritization of access to care and available resources is emphasized, as is development of the nurse as a leader of the interprofessional care management team.
Professional Nursing III-
This course introduces the development of a professional nurse. Subject matter will include nursing history, nursing theories, models of practice, various venues of practice, and roles of a professional nurse. Effective communication as a professional nurse will be addressed. Pre-licensure BSN course
Leadership-
Focuses on concepts, principles, and theories of leadership, management, role development and administration in a variety of culturally diverse health care delivery systems at local, regional, national and global levels. Skills required b the professional nurse leader, including delegation of responsibilities, networking, facilitation of groups, conflict resolution, case management, collaboration, budgeting, cost effectiveness and resource allocation, risk management, quality and performance indicators, teaching and professional development are emphasized and applied in relevant settings.
Mental Health-
This course evaluates the biological-behavioral concepts, therapeutic communication, and standards of practice for the care of psychiatric mental health nursing situations. Critical thinking and evidenced-based practice guides nursing responses toward effective stabilization and long-term maintenance strategies for an improved quality of life within the community. Legal, ethical, cultural, and developmental considerations are integrated into patient and family-centered care.
.
Please explain how you have met various Bachelor of Science in Nur.docxARIV4
Please explain how you have met various Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) Essentials for each course listed below based on the completion of various course assignments and/ or clinical practice experiences. I have attached the BSN essentials as well as a course description for each course. The paper needs to be 1.5 pages discussing a bit about each class. The description of each class is listed below along with an explanation of each BSN essential. Utilize as many essential key point as possible for each course listed. USING APA FORMAT AND PROVIDE PLAGIARISM CHECK.
1.5 pages
12 Point Font (Times New Roman)
Care Management I (Fundamentals of Nursing)
Course Description: This course introduces classic nursing principles that underpin future clinical practice. Principles include such things as comfort measures, assistance with daily living activities, environmental concerns, positioning and transporting, asepsis and sterile technique, medication administration, intrusive therapies and use of the nursing process with particular emphasis on the intervention component. The majority of the theoretical information is provided through an online environment. Concepts related to nursing fundamentals and nursing care is integrated throughout the course. The campus laboratory and clinical settings will afford practical experience in application of the principles and skills taught in the theory portion of this class.
Professional Nursing I&II
Course Description: The course focuses on nursing as a caring profession, nurse's roles and functions, ethics, standards, legal aspects, holism, wellness, health care delivery, communication, teaching/learning, critical thinking, and the nursing process (ADPIE) -Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Intervention, and Evaluation.
Quality and Safety
Course Description and Objectives: A. Analyze quality initiatives to improve health outcomes in healthcare settings. B. Compare and contrast quality improvement models appropriate for advanced nursing roles in healthcare settings. C. Use principles of a just culture and high reliability to analyze errors in healthcare delivery. D. Select appropriate evidence-based plans using trend analysis and quantification of quality and safety outcomes. E. Promote a professional environment to include accountability and high-level communication skills when participating in peer review, advocating for patients and families, reporting errors, and writing for the nursing profession. F. Encourage the integration of health care services within healthcare settings to affect safety and quality of care by improving patient outcomes and reducing fragmentation of care.
Pathophysiology
Course Description: This course focuses on the pathophysiology of common disease conditions affecting human beings across the lifespan. Content builds on basic anatomy and physiology, microbiology, and chemistry content obtained from earlier courses.
Physical Assessment
Course Description: This course builds fro.
Please DiscussWhat are host-based, client-based, client-serv.docxARIV4
Please Discuss
What are host-based, client-based, client-server, cloud-based application architectures
how the Web works
how email works
Explain any Peer-to-peer application example such as Napster, BitTorrent, etc
Pick at least
Two
from the following topics:
HTTP
POP
SMTP
IMAP
MIME
MPEG
SaaS
HaaS
PaaS
IaaS
H.323
Provide with example, showing the history, and the purpose of using each of these topics.
.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
MBA 700 Leader Interview Assignment Guidelines and Gradin.docx
1. MBA 700: Leader Interview Assignment Guidelines and
Grading Guide
Overview
The leader interview assignment is assigned in Module One and
is due in Module Three. The purpose is to give you a better
understanding of the role executive
management plays in the strategic management process.
The leader interview assignment requires you to use concepts
from Modules One, Two, and Three. You will reflect on and
analyze the responses from your
interviewed leader and incorporate your own research on
strategy topics into your analysis.
Select a leader in an organization of your choice. This leader
must be a decision-making manager; an executive or CEO is
preferred. This must be a manager who
understands the company’s strategy and has a level of authority
and responsibility to answer questions on macro-environment
factors that impact his or her
organization as well as on assessing, to some degree, how well
the company is performing to its stated strategy. While an
executive or CEO is ideal, most
decision-making managers will implement the organization’s
strategy, for example, through the allocation of resources,
assignment of tasks, or appraisal of
2. employees in meeting company objectives.
You will have some predetermined interview questions to pose
to your interviewee/leader, but you must also add three to five
of your own strategy-related
interview questions that pertain to material in Modules One
through Three and are relevant to this leader or his or her
organization. When you create your
questions, be sensitive to the leader’s need for confidentiality
on some aspects of the organization’s internal information.
The best back-and-forth interview exchange is through face-to-
face meeting with your interviewee/leader. Other methods for
the interview can include phone or
web conferencing or interview by email.
Main Components
This interview consists of a series of interview questions, some
of which are listed on the Interview Questionnaire located at the
end this document. You must
also add three to five of your own strategy-related interview
questions that pertain to material in Modules One through Three
and that are relevant to this leader
or his or her organization. You will reflect on the
interviewee/leader’s responses and incorporate your own
research about strategy topics in an analysis paper
about the role of leadership in the creation and execution of
strategy.
3. Format
You will need to interview your leader and then reflect on and
analyze his or her responses in a paper that also incorporates
your own research about strategy
topics.
TIPS:
1. Prepare your own three to five questions relevant to this
interviewee/leader to add to the list of predefined questions in
the Interview Questionnaire at
the end of these guidelines. Be sensitive to the
interviewee/leader’s position and a need for confidentiality on
some aspects of internal information
when you create your questions.
2. Be prepared to provide your interviewee/leader with the list
of questions prior to the actual interview so he or she is not
caught off-guard.
3. Arrange to hold your interview as early as possible, in
Module One, as schedule changes and postponements can
happen.
4. The interviewee does not need to reveal any confidential
company information.
5. Be sure to send a thank-you note to your interviewee after the
interview.
Reflect on what you have learned about the role of leadership
and strategy from your interview. Analyze the importance of
leadership in crafting and executing
strategy. Incorporate meaningful research in your analysis; your
research into strategy creation and execution topics could and
should begin before the interview.
4. Include your entire interview questionnaire, including the
interview questions you created, and your leader’s responses in
an appendix. The appendix does not
count in the page requirements for your analysis. Your own
analysis should be between 4 to 6 pages and incorporate
research on strategy topics.
Rubric
Requirements of submission: Written components of interview
analysis papers must follow these formatting guidelines when
applicable: double spacing, 12-
point Times New Roman font, one-inch margins, and discipline-
appropriate citations. The main body of the paper (excluding
cover page, table of contents,
appendices, and references) should be between 4 to 6 pages of
written analysis, excluding your interview questionnaire and the
interviewee/leader’s responses.
Your interview questionnaire and your leader’s responses
should be included separately in an appendix and do not count
in the required 4 to 6 pages of analysis.
(12-point Times Roman font with double spacing).
Critical Elements Exemplary (100%) Proficient (90%) Needs
Improvement (70%) Not Evident (0%) Value
Main Elements Includes all or almost all of the
components and requirements
and cites multiple examples to
illustrate each element
5. Includes most of the main
elements and requirements
and cites many examples to
illustrate each element
Includes some of the main
elements and requirements
Does not include any of the
main elements and
requirements
25
Inquiry and Analysis
Provides in-depth analysis that
demonstrates complete
understanding of multiple
concepts
Provides in-depth analysis that
demonstrates complete
understanding of some
concepts
Provides in-depth analysis that
demonstrates complete
understanding of minimal
concepts
Does not provide in-depth
analysis
6. 20
Integration and
Application
All of the course concepts are
correctly applied
Most of the course concepts
are correctly applied
Some of the course concepts
are correctly applied
Does not correctly apply any of
the course concepts
10
Critical Thinking Draws insightful conclusions
that are thoroughly defended
with evidence and examples
Draws informed conclusions
that are justified with evidence
Draws logical conclusions, but
does not defend with evidence
Does not draw logical
conclusions
20
Research Incorporates many scholarly
resources effectively that
7. reflect depth and breadth of
research
Incorporates some scholarly
resources effectively that
reflect depth and breadth of
research
Incorporates very few scholarly
resources that reflect depth
and breadth of research
Does not incorporate scholarly
resources that reflect depth
and breadth of research
15
Writing
(Mechanics/
Citations)
No errors related to
organization, grammar and
style, and citations
Minor errors related to
organization, grammar and
style, and citations
Some errors related to
organization, grammar and
style, and citations
Major errors related to
8. organization, grammar and
style, and citations
10
Total 100%
Interview Questionnaire
Name of Organization:
Name of Leader/Interviewee:
Date of Interview:
Delivery Method of Interview:
Predefined Interview Questions:
Part 1: Introduction (If you cannot find this information ahead
of time, you will need to ask during the interview):
What is the name of your organization?
What are your organization’s primary products and/or services?
Please provide a brief description of your organization’s current
mission/purpose and its vision for the future.
Does your organization have a stated strategy that it shares with
stakeholders? If so, what is that strategy?
9. What are your responsibilities, and what is your title?
Part 2: Crafting Strategy
Are there forces outside your organization that put pressure on
how your business is run? Briefly describe them.
How has your organization changed its strategy in response to
outside forces?
How do your biggest rivals compete to try to gain an advantage
with customers in your markets?
What do you believe is your organization’s competitive
advantage over rivals?
Describe how your organization involves the leadership team in
developing strategies during challenging economic times.
Describe how your organization involves other employees in
developing strategies.
Part 3: Executing Strategy
How does your organization communicate its vision and
strategy to employees?
Briefly describe how your organization builds internal
capabilities.
10. Describe how you organization determines and communicates
objectives.
Describe how you and your organization evaluate performance
towards stated objectives.
U.S. National Climate Assessment
U.S. Global Change Research Program
Climate Change Impacts
in the United States
HIGHLIGHTS
iii
Observed U.S. Temperature Change
The colors on the map show temperature changes over the past
22 years (1991-2012) compared to the 1901-1960 average for
the contiguous
U.S., and to the 1951-1980 average for Alaska and Hawai‘i. The
bars on the graph show the average temperature changes for the
U.S. by
decade for 1901-2012 (relative to the 1901-1960 average). The
far right bar (2000s decade) includes 2011 and 2012. The period
11. from 2001 to
2012 was warmer than any previous decade in every region.
(Figure source: NOAA NCDC / CICS-NC).
Climate change is increasing the
vulnerability of forests to wildfires
across the U.S. West.
Solar power use is increasing
and is part of the solution to
climate change.
Energy choices will affect the
amount of future climate change.
Members of the National Guard
lay sandbags to protect against
Missouri River flooding.
Climate Change Impacts
in the United States
HIGHLIGHTS OF
Recommended Citation
Melillo, Jerry M., Terese (T.C.) Richmond, and Gary W. Yohe,
Eds., 2014: Highlights of Climate Change Impacts in the
United States: The Third National Climate Assessment. U.S.
Global Change Research Program, 148 pp.
This report was produced by an advisory committee chartered
under the Federal Advisory
Committee Act, for the Subcommittee on Global Change
12. Research, and at the request of the
U.S. Government. Therefore, the report is in the public domain.
Some materials used in the
report are copyrighted and permission was granted to the U.S.
government for their publication
in this report. For subsequent uses that include such copyrighted
materials, permission for
reproduction must be sought from the copyright holder. In all
cases, credit must be given for
copyrighted materials.
First published May 2014. PDF revised October 2014. See
errata (available at http://nca2014.
globalchange.gov/downloads) for details.
Printed in the United States of America
ISBN 978-0-16-092388-3
Online at:
nca2014.globalchange.gov
Printed and Published by U.S. Government Printing Office
Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov; Phone: toll free (866) 512-1800;
DC area (202) 512-1800
Fax: (202) 512-2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402-
0001
http://nca2014.globalchange.gov
i
Online at:
nca2014.globalchange.gov
13. May 2014
Members of Congress:
On behalf of the National Science and Technology Council and
the U.S. Global Change Research Program, we are pleased
to transmit the report of the Third National Climate
Assessment: Climate Change Impacts in the United States. As
required by
the Global Change Research Act of 1990, this report has
collected, evaluated, and integrated observations and research
on
climate change in the United States. It focuses both on changes
that are happening now and further changes that we can
expect to see throughout this century.
This report is the result of a three-year analytical effort by a
team of over 300 experts, overseen by a broadly constituted
Federal
Advisory Committee of 60 members. It was developed from
information and analyses gathered in over 70 workshops and
listening sessions held across the country. It was subjected to
extensive review by the public and by scientific experts in and
out of government, including a special panel of the National
Research Council of the National Academy of Sciences. This
process of unprecedented rigor and transparency was
undertaken so that the findings of the National Climate
Assessment
would rest on the firmest possible base of expert judgment.
We gratefully acknowledge the authors, reviewers, and staff
who have helped prepare this Third National Climate
Assessment. Their work in assessing the rapid advances in our
knowledge of climate science over the past several years has
been outstanding. Their findings and key messages not only
14. describe the current state of that science but also the current
and
future impacts of climate change on major U.S. regions and key
sectors of the U.S. economy. This information establishes
a strong base that government at all levels of U.S. society can
use in responding to the twin challenges of changing our
policies to mitigate further climate change and preparing for the
consequences of the climate changes that can no longer be
avoided. It is also an important scientific resource to empower
communities, businesses, citizens, and decision makers with
information they need to prepare for and build resilience to the
impacts of climate change.
When President Obama launched his Climate Action Plan last
year, he made clear that the essential information contained
in this report would be used by the Executive Branch to
underpin future policies and decisions to better understand and
manage the risks of climate change. We strongly and
respectfully urge others to do the same.
Sincerely,
Dr. John P. Holdren
Assistant to the President for Science and Technology
Director, Office of Science and Technology Policy
Executive Office of the President
Dr. Kathryn D. Sullivan
Under Secretary for Oceans and Atmosphere
NOAA Administrator
U.S. Department of Commerce
http://nca2014.globalchange.gov
15. ii
Chair
Jerry Melillo, Marine Biological Laboratory
Vice-Chairs
Terese (T.C.) Richmond, Van Ness Feldman, LLP
Gary Yohe, Wesleyan University
Committee Members
Daniel Abbasi, GameChange Capital, LLC
E. Virginia Armbrust, University of Washington
Timothy (Bull) Bennett, Kiksapa Consulting, LLC
Rosina Bierbaum, University of Michigan and PCAST
Maria Blair, Independent
James Buizer, University of Arizona
Lynne M. Carter, Louisiana State University
F. Stuart Chapin III, University of Alaska
Camille Coley, Florida Atlantic University
Jan Dell, ConocoPhillips
Placido dos Santos, WestLand Resources, Inc.
Paul Fleming, Seattle Public Utilities
Guido Franco, California Energy Commission
Mary Gade, Gade Environmental Group
Aris Georgakakos, Georgia Institute of Technology
David Gustafson, Monsanto Company
David Hales, Second Nature
Sharon Hays, Computer Sciences Corporation
Mark Howden, CSIRO
Anthony Janetos, Boston University
Peter Kareiva, The Nature Conservancy
Rattan Lal, Ohio State University
Arthur Lee, Chevron Corporation
Jo-Ann Leong, Hawai‘i Institute of Marine Biology
Diana Liverman, University of Arizona and Oxford University
Rezaul Mahmood, Western Kentucky University
Edward Maibach, George Mason University
Michael McGeehin, RTI International
16. Susanne C. Moser, Susanne Moser Research & Consulting and
Stanford University
Richard Moss, University of Maryland and PNNL
Philip Mote, Oregon State University
Jayantha Obeysekera, South Florida Water Management District
Marie O’Neill, University of Michigan
Lindene Patton, Zurich Financial Services
John Posey, East-West Gateway Council of Governments
Sara Pryor, Indiana University
Andrew Rosenberg, University of New Hampshire and Union of
Concerned Scientists
Richard Schmalensee, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Henry Schwartz, HGS Consultants, LLC
Joel Smith, Stratus Consulting
Donald Wuebbles, University of Illinois
Ex Officio Committee Members
Ko Barrett, U.S. Department of Commerce
Katharine Batten, U.S. Agency for International Development
Virginia Burkett, U.S. Department of the Interior
Patricia Cogswell, U.S. Department of Homeland Security
Gerald Geernaert, U.S. Department of Energy
John Hall, U.S. Department of Defense
Leonard Hirsch, Smithsonian Institution
William Hohenstein, U.S. Department of Agriculture
Patricia Jacobberger-Jellison, National Aeronautics and Space
Administration
Thomas R. Karl, Subcommittee on Global Change Research,
U.S.
Department of Commerce
George Luber, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
C. Andrew Miller, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Robert O’Connor, National Science Foundation
Susan Ruffo, White House Council on Environmental Quality
Arthur Rypinski, U.S. Department of Transportation
Trigg Talley, U.S. Department of State
17. Designated Federal Officers
Cynthia J. Decker, NOAA
Kandis Y. Wyatt, NOAA
Federal National Climate Assessment and Development
Advisory Committee (NCADAC)
John Holdren, Assistant to the President for Science and
Technology
andDirector,WhiteHouseOfficeofScienceandTechnologyPolicy
Katharine Jacobs, Director, National Climate Assessment,
White House
OfficeofScienceandTechnologyPolicy(throughDecember2013)
Thomas Armstrong, Director, U.S. Global Change Research
Program
NationalCoordinationOffice,WhiteHouseOfficeofScienceand
Technology Policy
Thomas R. Karl, Chair, Subcommittee on Global Change
Research,
U.S. Department of Commerce
Tamara Dickinson, Principal Assistant Director for Environment
and
Energy,WhiteHouseOfficeofScienceandTechnologyPolicy
Fabien Laurier, Director, Third National Climate Assessment,
White
HouseOfficeofScienceandTechnologyPolicy
Glynis C. Lough, NCA Chief of Staff, U.S. Global Change
Research
Program
David Easterling, NCA Technical Support Unit Director, NOAA
NCDC
Federal Executive Team
18. Highlights and Report Production Team
Susan Joy Hassol, Senior Science Writer
Brooke Stewart, Science Editor/Production Coordinator
Tom Maycock, Technical Editor
Daniel Glick, Editor
Sara W. Veasey, Creative Director
JessiccaGriffin,LeadGraphicDesigner
Report Authors and Additional Staff, see page 98
Assessment Support Staff
Fredric Lipschultz, Senior Scientist, Regional Coordinator
Susan Aragon-Long, Senior Scientist, Sector Coordinator
Emily Therese Cloyd, Public Participation/Engagement
Coordinator
Ilya Fischhoff, Program Coordinator
Bryce Golden-Chen, Program Coordinator
Julie Maldonado, Engagement Assistant, Tribal Coordinator
Alison Delgado, Scientist, Sector Coordinator
iii
The National Climate Assessment assesses the science of
climate change
and its impacts across the United States, now and throughout
this
century. It documents climate change related impacts and
responses for
various sectors and regions, with the goal of better informing
public and
private decision-making at all levels.
A team of more than 300 experts (see page 98), guided by a 60-
member
19. National Climate Assessment and Development Advisory
Committee
(listed on page ii) produced the full report – the largest and
most diverse
team to produce a U.S. climate assessment. Stakeholders
involved in the
development of the assessment included decision-makers from
the public
and private sectors, resource and environmental managers,
researchers,
representatives from businesses and non-governmental
organizations, and
the general public. More than 70 workshops and listening
sessions were
held, and thousands of public and expert comments on the draft
report
provided additional input to the process.
The assessment draws from a large body of scientific peer-
reviewed
research, technical input reports, and other publicly available
sources; all
sources meet the standards of the Information Quality Act. The
report was
extensively reviewed by the public and experts, including a
panel of the
National Academy of Sciences, the 13 Federal agencies of the
U.S. Global
Change Research Program, and the Federal Committee on
Environment,
Natural Resources, and Sustainability.
NATIONAL CLIMATE ASSESSMENT
About the
HIGHLIGHTS
20. About the
This book presents the major findings and selected highlights
from
Climate Change Impacts in the United States, the third National
Climate
Assessment.
This Highlights report is organized around the National Climate
Assessment’s 12 Report Findings, which take an overarching
view of the
entire report and its 30 chapters. All material in the Highlights
report is
drawn from the full report. The Key Messages from each of the
30 report
chapters appear in boxes throughout this document.
In the lower left corner of each section, icons identify which
chapters
of the full report were drawn upon for that section. A key to
these icons
appears on page 1.
A 20-page Overview booklet is available online.
Online at:
nca2014.globalchange.gov
Climate Change Impacts
in the United States
U.S. National Climate Assessment
U.S. Global Change Research Program
Online at:
nca2014.globalchange.gov/highlights
21. http://nca2014.globalchange.gov
http://nca2014.globalchange.gov
http://nca2014.globalchange.gov/highlights
CONTENTS
REPORT FINDINGS
List of Report Findings ................................ 12
Climate Trends ........................................... 16
Finding 1 Our Changing Climate .................... 18
Finding 2 Extreme Weather ........................... 24
Finding 3 Future Climate .............................. 28
Finding 4 Widespread Impacts ...................... 32
Finding 5 Human Health ............................... 34
Finding 6 Infrastructure ................................ 38
Urban • Transportation • Energy
Finding 7 Water ............................................ 42
Water Resources • Energy, Water, and Land Use
Finding 8 Agriculture .................................... 46
Finding 9 Indigenous Peoples ........................ 48
Finding 10 Ecosystems .................................. 50
Ecosystems and Biodiversity • Forests • Land Use
and Land Cover Change • Biogeochemical Cycles
23. References ............................... 107
Climate Change and the American People ... 2
OVERVIEW ................................ 4
ʻ
iv
1
CHAPTER ICONS
Our Changing Climate
Water Resources
Energy Supply and Use
Transportation
Agriculture
Forests
Ecosystems and Biodiversity
Human Health
Energy, Water, and Land Use
Urban Systems and Infrastructure
24. Indigenous Peoples, Lands, and Resources
Land Use and Land Cover Change
Rural Communities
Biogeochemical Cycles
Northeast
Southeast and Caribbean
Midwest
Great Plains
Southwest
Northwest
Alaska
Hawai‘i and U.S. Affiliated Pacific Islands
Oceans and Marine Resources
Coastal Zones
Decision Support
Mitigation
Adaptation
In the lower left corner of each section, these icons identify
which chapters of the full
25. report were drawn upon for that section.
Appendix 3: Climate
Science Supplement
Appendix 4:
Frequently
Asked
Questions
2
CLIMATE CHANGE AND
Climate change, once considered an issue for a distant future,
has moved firmly into the present. Corn producers in Iowa,
oyster growers in Washington State, and maple syrup producers
in
Vermont are all observing climate-related changes that are
outside of recent experience. So,
too, are coastal planners in Florida, water managers in the arid
Southwest, city dwellers from
Phoenix to New York, and Native Peoples on tribal lands from
Louisiana to Alaska. This National
Climate Assessment concludes that the evidence of human-
induced climate change continues to
strengthen and that impacts are increasing across the country.
Americans are noticing changes all around them. Summers are
longer and hotter, and extended
periods of unusual heat last longer than any living American has
ever experienced. Winters are
generally shorter and warmer. Rain comes in heavier
downpours. People are seeing changes in the
26. length and severity of seasonal allergies, the plant varieties that
thrive in their gardens, and the
kinds of birds they see in any particular month in their
neighborhoods.
Other changes are even more dramatic. Residents of some
coastal cities see their streets flood
more regularly during storms and high tides. Inland cities near
large rivers also experience more
flooding, especially in the Midwest and Northeast. Insurance
rates are rising in some vulnerable
locations, and insurance is no longer available in others. Hotter
and drier weather and earlier snow
melt mean that wildfires in the West start earlier in the spring,
last later into the fall, and burn
more acreage. In Arctic Alaska, the summer sea ice that once
protected the coasts has receded,
and autumn storms now cause more erosion, threatening many
communities with relocation.
Scientists who study climate change confirm that these
observations are consistent with significant
changes in Earth’s climatic trends. Long-term, independent
records from weather stations,
satellites, ocean buoys, tide gauges, and many other data
sources all confirm that our nation,
like the rest of the world, is warming. Precipitation patterns are
changing, sea level is rising, the
oceans are becoming more acidic, and the frequency and
intensity of some extreme weather
events are increasing. Many lines of independent evidence
demonstrate that the rapid warming of
the past half-century is due primarily to human activities.
The observed warming and other climatic changes are triggering
wide-ranging impacts in every
27. region of our country and throughout our economy. Some of
these changes can be beneficial over
the short run, such as a longer growing season in some regions
and a longer shipping season on
the Great Lakes. But many more are detrimental, largely
because our
society and its infrastructure were designed for the climate that
we have
had, not the rapidly changing climate we now have and can
expect in the
future. In addition, climate change does not occur in isolation.
Rather,
it is superimposed on other stresses, which combine to create
new
challenges.
This National Climate Assessment collects, integrates, and
assesses
observations and research from around the country, helping us
to see
what is actually happening and understand what it means for our
lives,
3
our livelihoods, and our future. The report includes analyses of
impacts
on seven sectors – human health, water, energy, transportation,
agriculture, forests, and ecosystems – and the interactions
among
sectors at the national level. The report also assesses key
impacts on
all U.S. regions: Northeast, Southeast and Caribbean, Midwest,
28. Great
Plains, Southwest, Northwest, Alaska, Hawai`i and Pacific
Islands, as
well as the country’s coastal areas, oceans, and marine
resources.
Over recent decades, climate science has advanced
significantly.
Increased scrutiny has led to increased certainty that we are
now
seeing impacts associated with human-induced climate change.
With
each passing year, the accumulating evidence further expands
our
understanding and extends the record of observed trends in
temperature, precipitation, sea level,
ice mass, and many other variables recorded by a variety of
measuring systems and analyzed by
independent research groups from around the world. It is
notable that as these data records have
grown longer and climate models have become more
comprehensive, earlier predictions have
largely been confirmed. The only real surprises have been that
some changes, such as sea level
rise and Arctic sea ice decline, have outpaced earlier
projections.
What is new over the last decade is that we know with
increasing certainty that climate change
is happening now. While scientists continue to refine
projections of the future, observations
unequivocally show that climate is changing and that the
warming of the past 50 years is primarily
due to human-induced emissions of heat-trapping gases. These
emissions come mainly from
burning coal, oil, and gas, with additional contributions from
29. forest clearing and some agricultural
practices.
Global climate is projected to continue to change over this
century and beyond, but there is still
time to act to limit the amount of change and the extent of
damaging impacts.
This report documents the changes
already observed and those projected for
the future.
It is important that these findings and
response options be shared broadly to
inform citizens and communities across
our nation. Climate change presents a
major challenge for society. This report
advances our understanding of that
challenge and the need for the American
people to prepare for and respond to its
far-reaching implications.
THE AMERICAN PEOPLE
OVERVIEW
4
Climate change is already affecting the American people
in far-reaching ways. Certain types of extreme weather
events with links to climate change have become more
frequent and/or intense, including prolonged periods
of heat, heavy downpours, and, in some regions, floods
and droughts. In addition, warming is causing sea level
30. to rise and glaciers and Arctic sea ice to melt, and oceans
are becoming more acidic as they absorb carbon dioxide.
These and other aspects of climate change are disrupting
people’s lives and damaging some sectors of our economy.
Climate Change:
Present and Future
Evidence for climate change abounds, from the top of
the atmosphere to the depths of the oceans. Scientists
and engineers from around the world have meticulously
collected this evidence, using satellites and networks
of weather balloons, thermometers, buoys, and other
observing systems. Evidence of climate change is also
visible in the observed and measured changes in location
and behavior of species and functioning of ecosystems.
Taken together, this evidence tells an unambiguous story:
the planet is warming, and over the last half century, this
warming has been driven primarily by human activity.
Multiple lines of independent evidence confirm that hu-
man activities are the primary cause of the global warm-
These are just some of the indicators measured globally over
many decades that show that the
Earth’s climate is warming. White arrows indicate increasing
trends; black arrows indicate decreasing
trends. All the indicators expected to increase in a warming
world are increasing, and all those
expected to decrease in a warming world are decreasing. (Figure
source: NOAA NCDC, based on
data updated from Kennedy et al. 2010a).
Ten Indicators of a Warming World
ing of the past 50 years. The burning of coal, oil, and gas,
and clearing of forests have increased the concentration
31. of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere by more than 40%
since the Industrial Revolution, and it has been known for
almost two centuries that this carbon dioxide traps heat.
Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from agriculture and
other human activities add to the atmospheric burden of
heat-trapping gases. Data show that natural factors like
the sun and volcanoes cannot have caused the warming
observed over the past 50 years. Sensors on satellites have
measured the sun’s output with great accuracy and found
no overall increase during the past half century. Large vol-
canic eruptions during this pe-
riod, such as Mount Pinatubo
in 1991, have exerted a short-
term cooling influence. In fact,
if not for human activities,
global climate would actually
have cooled slightly over the
past 50 years. The pattern of
temperature change through
the layers of the atmosphere,
with warming near the sur-
face and cooling higher up
in the stratosphere, further
confirms that it is the buildup
of heat-trapping gases (also
known as “greenhouse gases”)
that has caused most of the
Earth’s warming over the past
half century.
Because human-induced
warming is superimposed on a
Coal-fired power plants emit heat-trapping carbon dioxide to
the atmosphere.
32. 5
background of natural variations in climate, warming
is not uniform over time. Short-term fluctuations in
the long-term upward trend are thus natural and ex-
pected. For example, a recent slowing in the rate of
surface air temperature rise appears to be related to
cyclic changes in the oceans and in the sun’s energy
output, as well as a series of small volcanic eruptions
and other factors. Nonetheless, global temperatures
are still on the rise and are expected to rise further.
U.S. average temperature has increased by 1.3°F
to 1.9°F since 1895, and most of this increase has
occurred since 1970. The most recent decade was
the nation’s and the world’s hottest on record, and
2012 was the hottest year on record in the conti-
nental United States. All U.S. regions have experi-
enced warming in recent decades, but the extent of
warming has not been uniform. In general, tempera-
tures are rising more quickly in the north. Alaskans
have experienced some of the largest increases in
temperature between 1970 and the present. People
living in the Southeast have experienced some of the
smallest temperature increases over this period.
Temperatures are projected to rise another 2°F to 4°F in most
areas of the United States over the next few decades.
Reductions in some short-lived human-induced emissions that
contribute to warming, such as black carbon (soot) and
methane, could reduce some of the projected warming over the
next couple of decades, because, unlike carbon dioxide,
these gases and particles have relatively short atmospheric
33. lifetimes.
The amount of warming projected beyond the next few decades
is directly linked to the cumulative global emissions of
heat-trapping gases and particles. By the end of this century, a
roughly 3°F to 5°F rise is projected under a lower emis-
sions scenario, which would require substantial reductions in
emissions (referred to as the “B1 scenario”), and a 5°F to
10°F rise for a higher emissions scenario assuming continued
increases in emissions, predominantly from fossil fuel com-
bustion (referred to as the “A2 sce-
nario”). These projections are based
on results from 16 climate models
that used the two emissions scenarios
in a formal inter-model comparison
study. The range of model projections
for each emissions scenario is the re-
sult of the differences in the ways the
models represent key factors such as
water vapor, ice and snow reflectivity,
and clouds, which can either dampen
or amplify the initial effect of human
influences on temperature. The net
effect of these feedbacks is expected
to amplify warming. More informa-
tion about the models and scenarios
used in this report can be found in
Appendix 5 of the full report.1
Different amounts of heat-trapping gases re-
leased into the atmosphere by human activi-
ties produce different projected increases in
Earth’s temperature. The lines on the graph
represent a central estimate of global aver-
age temperature rise (relative to the 1901-
34. 1960 average) for the two main scenarios
used in this report. A2 assumes continued
increases in emissions throughout this cen-
tury, and B1 assumes significant emissions
reductions, though not due explicitly to cli-
mate change policies. Shading indicates the
range (5th to 95th percentile) of results from
a suite of climate models. In both cases,
temperatures are expected to rise, although
the difference between lower and higher
emissions pathways is substantial. (Figure
source: NOAA NCDC / CICS-NC).
Projected Global Temperature Change
The green band shows how global average temperature would
have changed
over the last century due to natural forces alone, as simulated
by climate
models. The blue band shows model simulations of the effects
of human and
natural forces (including solar and volcanic activity) combined.
The black line
shows the actual observed global average temperatures. Only
with the inclu-
sion of human influences can models reproduce the observed
temperature
changes. (Figure source: adapted from Huber and Knutti 2012b).
Separating Human and Natural
Influences on Climate
6
35. OVERVIEW
Prolonged periods of high temperatures and the per-
sistence of high nighttime temperatures have increased
in many locations (especially in urban areas) over the past
half century. High nighttime temperatures have wide-
spread impacts because people, livestock, and wildlife
get no respite from the heat. In some regions, prolonged
periods of high temperatures associated with droughts
contribute to conditions that lead to larger wildfires and
longer fire seasons. As expected in a warming climate,
recent trends show that extreme heat is becoming more
common, while extreme cold is becoming less common.
Evidence indicates that the human influence on climate
has already roughly doubled the probability of extreme
heat events such as the record-breaking summer heat
experienced in 2011 in Texas and Oklahoma. The incidence
of record-breaking high temperatures is projected to rise.2
Human-induced climate change means much more than
just hotter weather. Increases in ocean and freshwater
temperatures, frost-free days, and heavy downpours
have all been documented. Global sea level has risen, and
there have been large reductions in snow-cover extent,
glaciers, and sea ice. These changes and other climatic
changes have affected and will continue
to affect human health, water supply,
agriculture, transportation, energy,
coastal areas, and many other sectors
of society, with increasingly adverse
impacts on the American economy and
quality of life.3
Some of the changes discussed in this
report are common to many regions.
For example, large increases in heavy
36. precipitation have occurred in the
Northeast, Midwest, and Great Plains,
where heavy downpours have fre-
quently led to runoff that exceeded the
capacity of storm drains and levees,
and caused flooding events and accel-
erated erosion. Other impacts, such as
those associated with the rapid thawing
of permafrost in Alaska, are unique to
a particular U.S. region. Permafrost
thawing is causing extensive damage
to infrastructure in our nation’s largest
state.4 Percent changes in the amount of precipitation falling in
very heavy events (the heaviest 1%)
from 1958 to 2012 for each region. There is a clear national
trend toward a greater amount
of precipitation being concentrated in very heavy events,
particularly in the Northeast and
Midwest. (Figure source: updated from Karl et al. 2009c ).
Observed Change in Very Heavy Precipitation
Some impacts that occur in one region ripple beyond that
region. For example, the dramatic decline of summer sea
ice in the Arctic – a loss of ice cover roughly equal to half
the area of the continental United States – exacerbates
global warming by reducing the reflectivity of Earth’s
surface and increasing the amount of heat absorbed.
Similarly, smoke from wildfires in one location can
contribute to poor air quality in faraway regions, and
evidence suggests that particulate matter can affect
atmospheric properties and therefore weather patterns.
Major storms and the higher storm surges exacerbated
by sea level rise that hit the Gulf Coast affect the entire
country through their cascading effects on oil and gas
37. production and distribution.5
Water expands as it warms, causing global sea levels to
rise; melting of land-based ice also raises sea level by
adding water to the oceans. Over the past century, global
average sea level has risen by about 8 inches. Since 1992,
the rate of global sea level rise measured by satellites
has been roughly twice the rate observed over the last
century, providing evidence of acceleration. Sea level rise,
7
combined with coastal storms, has increased
the risk of erosion, storm surge damage, and
flooding for coastal communities, especially
along the Gulf Coast, the Atlantic seaboard,
and in Alaska. Coastal infrastructure,
including roads, rail lines, energy
infrastructure, airports, port facilities, and
military bases, are increasingly at risk from
sea level rise and damaging storm surges.
Sea level is projected to rise by another 1
to 4 feet in this century, although the rise in
sea level in specific regions is expected to
vary from this global average for a number
of reasons. A wider range of scenarios,
from 8 inches to more than 6 feet by 2100,
has been used in risk-based analyses in
this report. In general, higher emissions
scenarios that lead to more warming would
be expected to lead to higher amounts of sea level rise.
The stakes are high, as nearly five million Americans and
hundreds of billions of dollars of property are located in
areas that are less than four feet above the local high-tide
38. level.6
In addition to causing changes in climate, increasing levels
of carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels and
other human activities have a direct effect on the world’s
oceans. Carbon dioxide interacts with ocean water to
form carbonic acid, increasing the ocean’s acidity. Ocean
surface waters have become 30% more acidic over the last
250 years as they have absorbed large amounts of carbon
dioxide from the atmosphere. This ocean acidification
makes water more corrosive, reducing the capacity of
marine organisms with shells or skeletons made of calcium
carbonate (such as corals, krill, oysters, clams, and crabs)
to survive, grow, and reproduce, which in turn will affect
the marine food chain.7
Widespread Impacts
Impacts related to climate change are
already evident in many regions and sectors
and are expected to become increasingly
disruptive across the nation throughout
this century and beyond. Climate changes
interact with other environmental and
societal factors in ways that can either
moderate or intensify these impacts.
Some climate changes currently have
beneficial effects for specific sectors or
regions. For example, current benefits of
warming include longer growing seasons for
agriculture and longer ice-free periods for
shipping on the Great Lakes. At the same
time, however, longer growing seasons,
along with higher temperatures and
39. carbon dioxide levels, can increase pollen
production, intensifying and lengthening
the allergy season. Longer ice-free periods
on the Great Lakes can result in more lake-
effect snowfalls.
The correlation between rising levels of carbon dioxide in the
atmosphere (red) with
rising carbon dioxide levels (blue) and falling pH in the ocean
(green). As carbon
dioxide accumulates in the ocean, the water becomes more
acidic (the pH declines).
(Figure source: modified from Feely et al. 2009d).
As Oceans Absorb CO2
They Become More Acidic
Pteropods, or “sea butterflies,” are eaten by a variety of marine
species ranging from
tiny krill to salmon to whales. The photos show what happens to
a pteropod’s shell
in seawater that is too acidic. On the left is a shell from a live
pteropod from a region
in the Southern Ocean where acidity is not too high. The shell
on the right is from a
pteropod in a region where the water is more acidic. (Figure
source: (left) Bednaršek
et al. 2012e (right) Nina Bednaršek).
Shells Dissolve in Acidified Ocean Water
8
OVERVIEW
40. Northeast
Communities are affected by heat waves, more extreme
precipitation events, and
coastal flooding due to sea level rise and storm surge.
Southeast
and
Caribbean
Decreased water availability, exacerbated by population growth
and land-use change,
causes increased competition for water. There are increased
risks associated with
extreme events such as hurricanes.
Midwest
Longer growing seasons and rising carbon dioxide levels
increase yields of some crops,
although these benefits have already been offset in some
instances by occurrence of
extreme events such as heat waves, droughts, and floods.
Great Plains
Rising temperatures lead to increased demand for water and
energy and impacts on
agricultural practices.
Southwest
Drought and increased warming foster wildfires and increased
competition for scarce
water resources for people and ecosystems.
Northwest
Changes in the timing of streamflow related to earlier snowmelt
41. reduce the supply of
water in summer, causing far-reaching ecological and
socioeconomic consequences.
Alaska
Rapidly receding summer sea ice, shrinking glaciers, and
thawing permafrost cause
damage to infrastructure and major changes to ecosystems.
Impacts to Alaska Native
communities increase.
Hawai‘i
and Pacific
Islands
Increasingly constrained freshwater supplies, coupled with
increased temperatures,
stress both people and ecosystems and decrease food and water
security.
Coasts
Coastal lifelines, such as water supply infrastructure and
evacuation routes, are
increasingly vulnerable to higher sea levels and storm surges,
inland flooding, and
other climate-related changes.
Oceans
The oceans are currently absorbing about a quarter of human-
caused carbon dioxide
emissions to the atmosphere and over 90% of the heat
associated with global
warming, leading to ocean acidification and the alteration of
marine ecosystems.
42. Observed and projected climate change impacts vary across the
regions of the United States. Selected impacts
emphasized in the regional chapters are shown below, and many
more are explored in detail in this report.
9
Increasing air and water temperatures, more intense precipita-
tion and runoff, and intensifying droughts can decrease water
quality in many ways. Here, middle school students in Colorado
test water quality.
Sectors affected by climate changes include agriculture,
water, human health, energy, transportation, forests,
and ecosystems. Climate change poses a major challenge
to U.S. agriculture because of the critical dependence
of agricultural systems on climate. Climate change has
the potential to both positively and negatively affect the
location, timing, and productivity of crop, livestock, and
fishery systems at local, national, and global scales. The
United States produces nearly $330 billion per year in
agricultural commodities. This productivity is vulnerable
to direct impacts on crops and livestock from changing
climate conditions and extreme weather events and indi-
rect impacts through increasing pressures from pests and
pathogens. Climate change will also alter the stability of
food supplies and create new food security challenges for
the United States as the world seeks to feed nine billion
people by 2050. While the agriculture
sector has proven to be adaptable to
a range of stresses, as evidenced by
continued growth in production and
efficiency across the United States,
climate change poses a new set of
43. challenges.8
Water quality and quantity are being
affected by climate change. Changes
in precipitation and runoff, combined with changes in
consumption and withdrawal, have reduced surface
and groundwater supplies in many areas. These trends
are expected to continue, increasing the likelihood of
water shortages for many uses. Water quality is also
diminishing in many areas, particularly due to sediment
and contaminant concentrations after heavy downpours.
Sea level rise, storms and storm surges, and changes in
surface and groundwater use patterns are expected to
compromise the sustainability of
coastal freshwater aquifers and
wetlands. In most U.S. regions, water
resources managers and planners will
encounter new risks, vulnerabilities,
and opportunities that may not be
properly managed with existing
practices.9
Climate change affects human health
in many ways. For example, increasingly frequent and
intense heat events lead to more heat-related illnesses and
deaths and, over time, worsen drought and wildfire risks,
and intensify air pollution. Increasingly frequent extreme
precipitation and associated flooding can lead to injuries
and increases in waterborne disease. Rising sea surface
temperatures have been linked with increasing levels
and ranges of diseases. Rising sea levels intensify coastal
flooding and storm surge, and thus exacerbate threats to
public safety during storms. Certain groups of people are
more vulnerable to the range of climate change related
44. health impacts, including the elderly, children, the poor,
and the sick. Others are vulnerable because of where
they live, including those in floodplains, coastal zones, and
some urban areas. Improving and properly supporting the
public health infrastructure will be critical to managing the
potential health impacts of climate change.10
Climate change also affects the living world, including
people, through changes in ecosystems and biodiversity.
Ecosystems provide a rich array of benefits and services to
humanity, including habitat for fish and wildlife, drinking
water storage and filtration, fertile soils for growing crops,
buffering against a range of stressors including climate
change impacts, and aesthetic and cultural values. These
Certain groups of people are
more vulnerable to the range
of climate change related
health impacts, including the
elderly, children, the poor,
and the sick.
Climate change can exacerbate respiratory and asthma-relat-
ed conditions through increases in pollen, ground-level ozone,
and wildfire smoke.
10
OVERVIEW
The amount of future climate
change will still largely be
45. determined by choices society
makes about emissions.
benefits are not always easy to quantify, but they support
jobs, economic growth, health, and human well-being. Cli-
mate change driven disruptions to ecosystems have direct
and indirect human impacts, including reduced water sup-
ply and quality, the loss of iconic species and landscapes,
effects on food chains and the timing and success of
species migrations, and the potential for extreme weather
and climate events to destroy or degrade the ability of
ecosystems to provide societal benefits.11
Human modifications of ecosystems and landscapes often
increase their vulnerability to damage from extreme
weather events, while simultaneously reducing their nat-
ural capacity to moderate the impacts of such events. For
example, salt marshes, reefs, mangrove forests, and barri-
er islands defend coastal ecosystems
and infrastructure, such as roads and
buildings, against storm surges. The
loss of these natural buffers due to
coastal development, erosion, and
sea level rise increases the risk of
catastrophic damage during or after
extreme weather events. Although
floodplain wetlands are greatly reduced from their his-
torical extent, those that remain still absorb floodwaters
and reduce the effects of high flows on river-margin lands.
Extreme weather events that produce sudden increases
in water flow, often carrying debris and pollutants, can
decrease the natural capacity of ecosystems to cleanse
contaminants.12
The climate change impacts being felt in the regions and
46. sectors of the United States are affected by global trends
and economic decisions. In an increasingly interconnect-
ed world, U.S. vulnerability is linked to impacts in other
nations. It is thus difficult to fully evaluate the impacts of
climate change on the United States without considering
consequences of climate change elsewhere.
Response Options
As the impacts of climate change are becoming more
prevalent, Americans face choices. Especially because of
past emissions of long-lived heat-trapping gases, some
additional climate change and related impacts are now
unavoidable. This is due to the long-lived nature of many
of these gases, as well as the amount of heat absorbed
and retained by the oceans and other responses within
the climate system. The amount of future climate change,
however, will still largely be determined by choices society
makes about emissions. Lower emissions of heat-trapping
gases and particles mean less future warming and less-
severe impacts; higher emissions mean more warming and
more severe impacts. Efforts to limit emissions or increase
carbon uptake fall into a category of response options
known as “mitigation,” which refers to reducing the
amount and speed of future climate change by reducing
emissions of heat-trapping gases or removing carbon
dioxide from the atmosphere.13
The other major category of response options is known
as “adaptation,” and refers to actions to prepare for and
adjust to new conditions, thereby reducing harm or taking
advantage of new opportunities. Mitigation and adap-
tation actions are linked in multiple ways, including that
effective mitigation reduces the need for adaptation in
the future. Both are essential parts
47. of a comprehensive climate change
response strategy. The threat of irre-
versible impacts makes the timing of
mitigation efforts particularly criti-
cal. This report includes chapters on
Mitigation, Adaptation, and Decision
Support that offer an overview of
the options and activities being planned or implement-
ed around the country as local, state, federal, and tribal
governments, as well as businesses, organizations, and
individuals begin to respond to climate change. These
chapters conclude that while response actions are under
development, current implementation efforts are insuffi-
cient to avoid increasingly negative social, environmental,
and economic consequences.14
Large reductions in global emissions of heat-trapping gas-
es, similar to the lower emissions scenario (B1) analyzed
in this assessment, would reduce the risks of some of the
damaging impacts of climate change. Some targets called
for in international climate negotiations to date would re-
quire even larger reductions than those outlined in the B1
scenario. Meanwhile, global emissions are still rising and
are on a path to be even higher than the high emissions
scenario (A2) analyzed in this report. The recent U.S. con-
tribution to annual global emissions is about 18%, but the
U.S. contribution to cumulative global emissions over the
last century is much higher. Carbon dioxide lasts for a long
time in the atmosphere, and it is the cumulative carbon
emissions that determine the amount of global climate
change. After decades of increases, U.S. CO2 emissions
from energy use (which account for 97% of total U.S. emis-
sions) declined by around 9% between 2008 and 2012,
largely due to a shift from coal to less CO2-intensive nat-
48. 11
ural gas for electricity production. Governmental actions
in city, state, regional, and federal programs to promote
energy efficiency have also contributed to reducing U.S.
carbon emissions. Many, if not most of these programs are
motivated by other policy objectives, but some are direct-
ed specifically at greenhouse gas emissions. These U.S.
actions and others that might be undertaken in the future
are described in the Mitigation chapter of this report. Over
the remainder of this century, aggressive and sustained
greenhouse gas emission reductions by the United States
and by other nations would be needed to reduce global
emissions to a level consistent with the lower scenario (B1)
analyzed in this assessment.15
With regard to adaptation, the pace and magnitude of
observed and projected changes emphasize the need to
be prepared for a wide variety and intensity of impacts.
Because of the growing influence of human activities, the
climate of the past is not a good basis for future planning.
For example, building codes and landscaping ordinances
could be updated to improve energy efficiency, conserve
water supplies, protect against insects that spread disease
(such as dengue fever), reduce susceptibility to heat stress,
and improve protection against extreme events. The fact
that climate change impacts are increasing points to the
urgent need to develop and refine approaches that enable
decision-making and increase flexibility and resilience in
the face of ongoing and future impacts. Reducing non-cli-
mate-related stresses that contribute to existing vulnera-
bilities can also be an effective approach to climate change
adaptation.16
49. Adaptation can involve considering local, state, region-
al, national, and international jurisdictional objectives.
For example, in managing water supplies to adapt to a
changing climate, the implications of international treaties
should be considered in the context of managing the Great
Lakes, the Columbia River, and the Colorado River to deal
with increased drought risk. Both “bottom up” communi-
ty planning and “top down” national strategies may help
regions deal with impacts such as increases in electrical
brownouts, heat stress, floods, and wildfires.17
Proactively preparing for climate change can reduce
impacts while also facilitating a more rapid and efficient
response to changes as they happen. Such efforts are
beginning at the federal, regional, state, tribal, and local
levels, and in the corporate and non-governmental
sectors, to build adaptive capacity and resilience to
climate change impacts. Using scientific information
to prepare for climate changes in advance can provide
economic opportunities, and proactively managing the
risks can reduce impacts and costs over time.18
There are a number of areas where improved scientific
information or understanding would enhance the capacity
to estimate future climate change impacts. For example,
knowledge of the mechanisms controlling the rate of
ice loss in Greenland and Antarctica is limited, making it
difficult for scientists to narrow the range of expected
future sea level rise. Improved understanding of ecological
and social responses to climate change is needed, as is
understanding of how ecological and social responses will
interact.19
A sustained climate assessment process could more
efficiently collect and synthesize the rapidly evolving
50. science and help supply timely and relevant information
to decision-makers. Results from all of these efforts could
continue to deepen our understanding of the interactions
of human and natural systems in the context of a chang-
ing climate, enabling society to effectively respond and
prepare for our future.20
The cumulative weight of the scientific evidence contained
in this report confirms that climate change is affecting
the American people now, and that choices we make will
affect our future and that of future generations.
Cities providing transportation options including bike lanes,
buildings designed with energy saving features such as green
roofs, and
houses elevated to allow storm surges to pass underneath are
among the many response options being pursued around the
country.
12
These findings distill important results that arise from this
National Climate Assessment. They do not represent a
full summary of all of the chapters’ findings, but rather a
synthesis of particularly noteworthy conclusions.
1. Global climate is changing and this is apparent across the
United States in a
wide range of observations. The global warming of the past 50
years is primarily
due to human activities, predominantly the burning of fossil
fuels.
Many independent lines of evidence confirm that human
51. activities are affecting climate in
unprecedented ways. U.S. average temperature has increased by
1.3°F to 1.9°F since record
keeping began in 1895; most of this increase has occurred since
about 1970. The most recent
decade was the warmest on record. Because human-induced
warming is superimposed on a
naturally varying climate, rising temperatures are not evenly
distributed across the country or
over time.21 See page 18.
4. Impacts related to climate change are already evident in
many sectors and
are expected to become increasingly disruptive across the nation
throughout this
century and beyond.
Climate change is already affecting societies and the natural
world. Climate change interacts
with other environmental and societal factors in ways that can
either moderate or intensify
these impacts. The types and magnitudes of impacts vary across
the nation and through
time. Children, the elderly, the sick, and the poor are especially
vulnerable. There is
mounting evidence that harm to the nation will increase
substantially in the future unless
global emissions of heat-trapping gases are greatly reduced.24
See page 32.
3. Human-induced climate change is projected to continue, and
it will accelerate
significantly if global emissions of heat-trapping gases continue
to increase.
Heat-trapping gases already in the atmosphere have committed
52. us to a hotter future with
more climate-related impacts over the next few decades. The
magnitude of climate change
beyond the next few decades depends primarily on the amount
of heat-trapping gases that
human activities emit globally, now and in the future.23 See
page 28.
2. Some extreme weather and climate events have increased in
recent decades,
and new and stronger evidence confirms that some of these
increases are related
to human activities.
Changes in extreme weather events are the primary way that
most people experience climate
change. Human-induced climate change has already increased
the number and strength of
some of these extreme events. Over the last 50 years, much of
the United States has seen an
increase in prolonged periods of excessively high temperatures,
more heavy downpours, and
in some regions, more severe droughts.22 See page 24.
REPORT FINDINGS
13
5. Climate change threatens human health and well-being in
many ways, including
through more extreme weather events and wildfire, decreased
air quality, and
diseases transmitted by insects, food, and water.
53. Climate change is increasing the risks of heat stress, respiratory
stress from poor air quality,
and the spread of waterborne diseases. Extreme weather events
often lead to fatalities and
a variety of health impacts on vulnerable populations, including
impacts on mental health,
such as anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder. Large-scale
changes in the environment
due to climate change and extreme weather events are
increasing the risk of the emergence
or reemergence of health threats that are currently uncommon in
the United States, such as
dengue fever.25 See page 34.
8. Climate disruptions to agriculture have been increasing and
are projected to
become more severe over this century.
Some areas are already experiencing climate-related
disruptions, particularly due to extreme
weather events. While some U.S. regions and some types of
agricultural production will be
relatively resilient to climate change over the next 25 years or
so, others will increasingly suffer
from stresses due to extreme heat, drought, disease, and heavy
downpours. From mid-century
on, climate change is projected to have more negative impacts
on crops and livestock across
the country – a trend that could diminish the security of our
food supply.28 See page 46.
7. Water quality and water supply reliability are jeopardized by
climate change in
a variety of ways that affect ecosystems and livelihoods.
Surface and groundwater supplies in some regions are already
54. stressed by increasing demand
for water as well as declining runoff and groundwater recharge.
In some regions, particularly
the southern part of the country and the Caribbean and Pacific
Islands, climate change is
increasing the likelihood of water shortages and competition for
water among its many
uses. Water quality is diminishing in many areas, particularly
due to increasing sediment and
contaminant concentrations after heavy downpours.27 See page
42.
6. Infrastructure is being damaged by sea level rise, heavy
downpours, and
extreme heat; damages are projected to increase with continued
climate change.
Sea level rise, storm surge, and heavy downpours, in
combination with the pattern of continued
development in coastal areas, are increasing damage to U.S.
infrastructure including roads,
buildings, and industrial facilities, and are also increasing risks
to ports and coastal military
installations. Flooding along rivers, lakes, and in cities
following heavy downpours, prolonged
rains, and rapid melting of snowpack is exceeding the limits of
flood protection infrastructure
designed for historical conditions. Extreme heat is damaging
transportation infrastructure such
as roads, rail lines, and airport runways.26 See page 38.
14
9. Climate change poses particular threats to Indigenous
55. Peoples’ health, well-
being, and ways of life.
Chronic stresses such as extreme poverty are being exacerbated
by climate change impacts
such as reduced access to traditional foods, decreased water
quality, and increasing exposure
to health and safety hazards. In parts of Alaska, Louisiana, the
Pacific Islands, and other
coastal locations, climate change impacts (through erosion and
inundation) are so severe that
some communities are already relocating from historical
homelands to which their traditions
and cultural identities are tied. Particularly in Alaska, the rapid
pace of temperature rise, ice
and snow melt, and permafrost thaw are significantly affecting
critical infrastructure and
traditional livelihoods.29 See page 48.
12. Planning for adaptation (to address and prepare for
impacts) and mitigation
(to reduce future climate change, for example by cutting
emissions) is becoming
more widespread, but current implementation efforts are
insufficient to avoid
increasingly negative social, environmental, and economic
consequences.
Actions to reduce emissions, increase carbon uptake, adapt to a
changing climate, and
increase resilience to impacts that are unavoidable can improve
public health, economic
development, ecosystem protection, and quality of life.32 See
page 62.
11. Ocean waters are becoming warmer and more acidic,
56. broadly affecting ocean
circulation, chemistry, ecosystems, and marine life.
More acidic waters inhibit the formation of shells, skeletons,
and coral reefs. Warmer waters
harm coral reefs and alter the distribution, abundance, and
productivity of many marine
species. The rising temperature and changing chemistry of
ocean water combine with other
stresses, such as overfishing and coastal and marine pollution,
to alter marine-based food
production and harm fishing communities.31 See page 58.
10. Ecosystems and the benefits they provide to society are
being affected by
climate change. The capacity of ecosystems to buffer the
impacts of extreme
events like fires, floods, and severe storms is being
overwhelmed.
Climate change impacts on biodiversity are already being
observed in alteration of the timing
of critical biological events such as spring bud burst and
substantial range shifts of many
species. In the longer term, there is an increased risk of species
extinction. These changes
have social, cultural, and economic effects. Events such as
droughts, floods, wildfires, and
pest outbreaks associated with climate change (for example,
bark beetles in the West) are
already disrupting ecosystems. These changes limit the capacity
of ecosystems, such as
forests, barrier beaches, and wetlands, to continue to play
important roles in reducing the
impacts of these extreme events on infrastructure, human
communities, and other valued
57. resources.30 See page 50.
REPORT FINDINGS
15
SUPPORTING EVIDENCE FOR
THE REPORT FINDINGS
Icons at the lower left corner of each report finding indicate the
chapters drawn on for that section.
16
CLIMATE TRENDS
Extreme Weather
There have been changes in some types of extreme weather
events over the last
several decades. Heat waves have become more frequent and
intense,
especially in the West. Cold waves have become less frequent
and intense
across the nation. There have been regional trends in floods and
droughts. Droughts in the Southwest and heat waves everywhere
are projected to become more intense, and cold waves less
intense everywhere.
Hurricanes
The intensity, frequency, and duration of North Atlantic
hurricanes, as well as the frequency of the strongest
(Category 4 and 5) hurricanes, have all increased
since the early 1980s. The relative contributions
58. of human and natural causes to these increases
are still uncertain. Hurricane-associated storm
intensity and rainfall rates are projected to
increase as the climate continues to warm.
Severe Storms
Winter storms have increased in frequency
and intensity since the 1950s, and their tracks
have shifted northward over the United States.
Other trends in severe storms, including the
intensity and frequency of tornadoes, hail, and
damaging thunderstorm winds, are uncertain
and are being studied intensively.
Temperature
U.S. average temperature has increased by 1.3°F to 1.9°F since
record keeping began
in 1895; most of this increase has occurred since about 1970.
The most recent decade
was the nation’s warmest on record. Temperatures in the United
States are expected to
continue to rise. Because human-induced warming is
superimposed on a naturally varying
climate, the temperature rise has not been, and will not be,
uniform or smooth across the
country or over time.
FPO
Global climate is changing and this change is apparent across a
wide range of observations.
The global warming of the past 50 years is primarily due to
human activities. Global climate
is projected to continue to change over this century and beyond.
The magnitude of climate
change beyond the next few decades depends primarily on the
59. amount of heat-trapping gases
emitted globally, and how sensitive the Earth’s climate is to
those emissions.
These two pages present the Key Messages from the “Our
Changing Climate” chapter of the full report. They
pertain to Report Findings 1, 2, and 3, evidence for which
appears on the following pages.
17
Ocean Acidification
The oceans are currently absorbing about
a quarter of the carbon dioxide emitted to
the atmosphere annually and are becoming
more acidic as a result, leading to concerns
about intensifying impacts on marine
ecosystems. See page 60.
FPO
Heavy Downpours
Heavy downpours are increasing nationally, especially over the
last three to
five decades. Largest increases are in the Midwest and
Northeast. Increases in
the frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation events are
projected for
all U.S. regions.
Frost-free Season
60. The length of the frost-free season (and the corresponding
growing season) has
been increasing nationally since the 1980s, with the largest
increases occurring in
the western United States, affecting ecosystems and agriculture.
Across the United
States, the growing season is projected to continue to lengthen.
Sea Level
Global sea level has risen by about 8
inches since reliable record keeping
began in 1880. It is projected to rise
another 1 to 4 feet by 2100.
Ice Melt
Rising temperatures are reducing ice volume and surface
extent on land, lakes, and sea. This loss of ice is
expected to continue. The Arctic Ocean is expected
to become essentially ice free in summer before
mid-century.
Precipitation
Average U.S. precipitation has increased since 1900, but some
areas have
had increases greater than the national average, and some areas
have had
decreases. More winter and spring precipitation is projected for
the northern
United States, and less for the Southwest, over this century.
FPO
61. OUR CHANGING CLIMATE1
FINDING
18
Evidence for changes in Earth’s climate can
be found from the top of the atmosphere
to the depths of the oceans. Researchers
from around the world have compiled this
evidence using satellites, weather balloons,
thermometers at surface stations, and many
other types of observing systems that moni-
tor the Earth’s weather and climate. The sum
total of this evidence tells an unambiguous
story: the planet is warming.
Temperatures at Earth’s surface, in the tropo-
sphere (the active weather layer extending up
to about 5 to 10 miles above the ground), and
in the oceans have all increased over recent
decades. The largest increases in tempera-
ture are occurring closer to the poles, espe-
cially in the Arctic. This warming has triggered
many other changes to the Earth’s climate.
Snow and ice cover have decreased in most
areas. Atmospheric water vapor is increasing
in the lower atmosphere because a warmer
atmosphere can hold more water. Sea level is increasing
because water expands as it warms and because melting
ice on land adds water to the oceans. Changes in other
climate-relevant indicators such as growing season
length have been observed in many areas. Worldwide,
the observed changes in average conditions have been
accompanied by increasing trends in extremes of heat
and heavy precipitation events, and decreases in extreme
62. cold. It is the sum total of these indicators that leads to the
conclusion that warming of our planet is unequivocal.
The last five decades have seen a progressive rise in the Earth’s
average surface tem-
perature. Bars show the difference between each decade’s
average temperature and
the overall average for 1901-2000. (Figure source: NOAA
NCDC).
Temperature Change by Decade
Global climate is changing and this is apparent across a wide
range of observations.
Global annual average temperature (as measured over both land
and oceans) has increased by more than 1.5°F (0.8°C) since
1880 (through 2012). Red bars show temperatures above the
long-term average, and blue bars indicate temperatures below
the long-term average. The black line shows atmospheric carbon
dioxide (CO2) concentration in parts per million (ppm). While
there is a clear long-term global warming trend, some years do
not show a temperature increase relative to the previous year,
and some years show greater changes than others. These year-
to-year fluctuations in temperature are due to natural processes,
such as the effects of El Niños, La Niñas, and volcanic
eruptions.
(Figure source: updated from Karl et al. 20091).
Global Temperature and Carbon Dioxide
19
Sea ice in the Arctic has de-
63. creased dramatically since
the satellite record began in
1978. Minimum Arctic sea
ice extent (which occurs in
early to mid-September)
has decreased by more
than 40%.2 This decline
is unprecedented in the
historical record, and the
reduction of ice volume and
thickness is even greater.
Ice thickness decreased by
more than 50% from 1958-
1976 to 2003-2008.3 The
percentage of the March ice
cover made up of thicker ice
(ice that has survived a sum-
mer melt season) decreased
from 75% in the mid-1980s
to 45% in 2011.4
Ice loss increases Arctic warming by replacing white,
reflective ice with dark water that absorbs more energy
from the sun. More open water can also increase snowfall
over northern land areas5 and increase the north-south
meanders of the jet stream, consistent with the occur-
rence of unusually cold and snowy winters at mid-latitudes
in several recent years.5,6 Significant uncertainties remain
in interpreting the effect of Arctic ice changes on mid-lati-
tude weather patterns.7
In addition to the rapid decline of Arctic sea ice, rising
temperatures are reducing the volume and surface extent
of ice on land and lakes. Snow cover on land has also
decreased over the past several decades, especially in late
spring.
64. Arctic Sea Ice Decline
The retreat of sea ice has occurred faster than climate models
had predicted. Image on left shows Arctic
minimum sea ice extent in 1984, which was about 2.59 million
square miles, the average minimum extent
for 1979-2000. Image on right shows that the extent of sea ice
had dropped to 1.32 million square miles at
the end of summer 2012. The dramatic loss of Arctic sea ice
increases warming and has many other im-
pacts on the region. Marine mammals including polar bears and
many seal species depend on sea ice for
nearly all aspects of their existence. Alaska Native coastal
communities rely on sea ice for many reasons,
including its role as a buffer against coastal erosion from storms
and as a platform for hunting. (Figure
source: NASA Earth Observatory 20128).
Satellite measurements show that both Greenland and Antarctica
are
losing ice as the atmosphere and oceans warm. Melting of the
polar
ice sheets and glaciers on land add water to the oceans and raise
sea
level. How fast these two polar ice sheets melt will largely
determine
how quickly sea level rises. (Figure source: adapted from
Wouters et
al. 20139).
Ice Loss from the Two Polar Ice Sheets
The ice sheets on Greenland and Antarctica are losing mass,
adding to global sea level rise.
65. 20
Finding 1: OUR CHANGING CLIMATE
Climate in the United States
is changing.
On the left is a photograph of Muir Glacier in Alaska taken on
August 13, 1941; on the right, a photograph taken from the
same
vantage point on August 31, 2004. Total glacial mass has
declined sharply around the globe, adding to sea level rise.
(Left photo
by glaciologist William O. Field; right photo by geologist Bruce
F. Molnia of the United States Geological Survey.)
A longer growing season provides a longer period for
plant growth and productivity and can slow the increase
in atmospheric CO2 concentrations through increased CO2
uptake by living things and their environment.10 The longer
growing season can increase the growth of beneficial plants
(such as crops and forests) as well as undesirable ones (such
as ragweed).11 In some cases where moisture is limited,
the greater evaporation and loss of moisture through plant
transpiration (release of water from plant leaves) associated
with a longer growing season can mean less productivity
because of increased drying12 and earlier and longer fire
seasons.
U.S. average temperature has increased by
1.3°F to 1.9°F since record keeping began
in 1895; most of this increase has occurred
since about 1970. The most recent decade
was the nation’s warmest on record.
66. Because human-induced warming is super-
imposed on a naturally varying climate, the
temperature rise has not been, and will not
be, uniform or smooth across the country
or over time.
While surface air temperature is the
most widely cited measure of climate
change, other aspects of climate that are
affected by temperature are often more
directly relevant to both human society
and the natural environment. Examples
include shorter duration of ice on lakes
and rivers, reduced glacier extent, earlier
melting of snowpack, reduced lake levels
due to increased evaporation, lengthening of the growing
season, changes in plant hardiness zones, increased
humidity, rising ocean temperatures, rising sea level, and
changes in some types of extreme weather.
Taken as a whole, these changes provide compelling
evidence that increasing temperatures are affecting both
ecosystems and human society.
Observed U.S. Temperature Change
The colors on the map show temperature changes over the past
22 years (1991-2012)
compared to the 1901-1960 average for the contiguous U.S., and
to the 1951-1980 aver-
age for Alaska and Hawai‘i. The bars on the graph show the
average temperature changes
for the U.S. by decade for 1901-2012 (relative to the 1901-1960
average). The far right bar
(2000s decade) includes 2011 and 2012. The period from 2001
to 2012 was warmer than
67. any previous decade in every region. (Figure source: NOAA
NCDC / CICS-NC).
21
Observed U.S. Precipitation Change
The colors on the map show annual total precipitation changes
for 1991-2012 compared to the 1901-1960
average, and show wetter conditions in most areas. The bars on
the graph show average precipitation dif-
ferences by decade for 1901-2012 (relative to the 1901-1960
average). The far right bar is for 2001-2012.
(Figure source: NOAA NCDC / CICS-NC).
The frost-free season length, defined as the period between the
last
occurrence of 32°F in the spring and the first occurrence of
32°F in
the fall, has increased in each U.S. region during 1991-2012
relative
to 1901-1960. Increases in frost-free season length correspond
to
similar increases in growing season length. (Figure source:
NOAA
NCDC / CICS-NC).
Observed Increases in Frost-Free SeasonIncreased frost-free
season length, especially in
already hot and moisture-stressed regions like the
Southwest, can lead to further heat stress on plants
and increased water demands for crops. Higher tem-
peratures and fewer frost-free days during winter can
lead to early bud burst or bloom of some perennial
68. plants, resulting in frost damage when cold conditions
occur in late spring. In addition, with higher winter
temperatures, some agricultural pests can persist
year-round, and new pests and diseases may become
established.13
The lengthening of the frost-free season has been
somewhat greater in the western U.S. than the eastern
U.S.,1 increasing by 2 to 3 weeks in the Northwest
and Southwest, 1 to 2 weeks in the Midwest, Great
Plains, and Northeast, and slightly less than 1 week
in the Southeast. These differences mirror the overall
trend of more warming in the north and west and less
warming in the Southeast.
Average annual precipitation over the U.S. has in-
creased in recent decades, although there are import-
ant regional differences. For example, precipitation
since 1991 (relative to 1901-1960) increased the most in the
Northeast (8%), Midwest (9%), and southern Great Plains
(8%), while much of the Southeast and Southwest had a mix of
areas of increases and decreases.
22
Finding 1: OUR CHANGING CLIMATE
Climate has changed naturally throughout Earth’s history.
However, natural factors cannot explain the recent ob-
served warming.
In the past, climate change was driven exclusively by
natural factors: explosive volcanic eruptions that injected
reflective particles into the upper atmosphere, changes in
69. energy from the sun, periodic variations in the Earth’s orbit,
natural cycles that transfer heat between the ocean and
the atmosphere, and slowly changing natural variations in
heat-trapping gases in the atmosphere.
All of these natural factors, and their interactions with
each other, have altered global average temperature over
periods ranging from months to thousands of years. For
example, past glacial periods were initiated by shifts in the
Earth’s orbit, and then amplified by resulting decreases in
atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide and subsequently by
greater reflection of the sun’s energy by ice and snow as the
Earth’s climate system responded to a cooler climate.
Natural factors are still affecting the planet’s climate today.
The difference is that, since the beginning of the Industrial
Revolution, humans have been increasingly affecting global
climate, to the point where we are now the primary cause
of recent and projected future change.
The global warming of the past 50 years
is primarily due to human activities,
predominantly the burning of fossil fuels.
Carbon Emissions in the Industrial Age
Carbon emissions from burning coal, oil, and gas and producing
cement,
in units of million metric tons of carbon. These emissions
account for
about 80% of the total emissions of carbon from human
activities, with
land-use changes (like cutting down forests) accounting for the
other 20%
in recent decades. (Data from Boden et al. 201215).
70. 2000 Years of
Heat-Trapping Gas Levels
Increases in concentrations of these gases since 1750 are due to
human activities in the industrial era. Concentrations are parts
per
million (ppm) or parts per billion (ppb), indicating the number
of mol-
ecules of the greenhouse gas per million or billion molecules of
air.
(Figure source: Forster et al. 200714).
The majority of the warming at the global scale over
the past 50 years can only be explained by the effects
of human influences, especially the emissions from
burning fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas) and from
deforestation.
The emissions from human influences affecting
climate include heat-trapping gases such as carbon
dioxide (CO2), methane, and nitrous oxide, and parti-
cles such as black carbon (soot), which has a warming
influence, and sulfates, which have an overall cooling
influence. In addition to human-induced global climate
change, local climate can also be affected by other
human factors (such as crop irrigation) and natural
variability.
Carbon dioxide has been building up in the atmo-
sphere since the beginning of the industrial era in
the mid-1700s, primarily due to burning coal, oil, and
gas, and secondarily due to clearing of forests. Atmo-
spheric levels have increased by about 40% relative to
pre-industrial levels.
Methane levels in the atmosphere have increased due
71. to human activities including agriculture (with live-
stock producing methane in their digestive tracts and
rice farming producing it via bacteria that live in the
flooded fields); mining coal, extraction and transport
of natural gas, and other fossil fuel-related activities;
23
and waste disposal including sewage and decomposing
garbage in landfills. Since pre-industrial times, methane
levels have increased by 250%.
Other heat-trapping gases produced by human activities
include nitrous oxide, halocarbons, and ozone. Nitrous
oxide levels are increasing, primarily as a result of fertilizer
use and fossil fuel burning. The concentration of nitrous
oxide has increased by about 20% relative to pre-industrial
times.
The conclusion that human influences are the primary
driver of recent climate change is based on multiple lines
of independent evidence. The first line of evidence is our
fundamental understanding of how certain gases trap
heat, how the climate system responds to increases in
these gases, and how other human and natural factors
influence climate. The second line of evidence is from
reconstructions of past climates using evidence such as
tree rings, ice cores, and corals. These show that global
surface temperatures over the last several decades are
clearly unusual, with the last decade (2000-2009) warmer
than any time in at least the last 1,300 years and perhaps
much longer.
The third line of evidence comes from using climate mod-
72. els to simulate the climate of the past century, separating
the human and natural factors that influence climate.
When the human factors are removed, these models
show that solar and volcanic activity would have tended to
slightly cool the earth, and other natural variations are too
small to explain the amount of warming. Only when the
human influences are included do the models reproduce
the warming observed over the past 50 years.
Another line of evidence involves so-called “fingerprint”
studies that are able to attribute observed climate changes
to particular causes. For example, the fact that the strato-
sphere (the layer above the troposphere) is cooling while
the Earth’s surface and lower atmosphere are warming
is a fingerprint that the warming is due to increases in
heat-trapping gases. In contrast, if the observed warming
had been due to increases in solar output, Earth’s atmo-
sphere would have warmed throughout its entire extent,
including the stratosphere. In addition to such tempera-
ture analyses, scientific attribution of observed changes
to human influence extends to many other aspects
of climate, such as changing patterns in precipitation,
increasing humidity, changes in pressure, and increasing
ocean heat content.
Measurements of Surface Temperature
and Sun’s Energy
The full record of satellite measurements of the sun’s energy
received at the top of the Earth’s atmosphere is shown in red,
following its natural 11-year cycle of small ups and downs,
without
any net increase. Over the same period, global temperature
relative
to 1961-1990 average (shown in blue) has risen markedly. This
is
73. a clear indication that changes in the sun are not responsible for
the observed warming over recent decades. (Figure source:
NOAA
NCDC / CICS-NC).
Oil used for transportation and coal used for electricity genera-
tion are the largest contributors to the rise in carbon dioxide
that
is the primary driver of recent climate change.
EXTREME WEATHER2
24
FINDING
As the world has warmed, that warming has triggered
many other changes to the Earth’s climate. Changes in
extreme weather and climate events, such as heat waves
and droughts, are the primary way that most people
experience climate change. Human-induced climate
change has already increased the number and strength
of some of these extreme events. Over the last 50 years,
much of the U.S. has seen increases in prolonged periods
of excessively high temperatures, heavy downpours, and
in some regions, severe floods and droughts.
Heat Waves
Heat waves are periods of abnormally hot weather
lasting days to weeks. The number of heat waves has
been increasing in recent years. This trend has continued
in 2011 and 2012, with the number of intense heat
waves being almost triple the long-term average. The
recent heat waves and droughts in Texas (2011) and the
74. Midwest (2012) set records for highest monthly average
temperatures. Analyses show that human-induced
climate change has generally increased the probability
of heat waves.1 And prolonged (multi-month) extreme
heat has been unprecedented since the start of reliable
instrumental records in 1895.
Drought
Higher temperatures
lead to increased
rates of evaporation,
including more loss of
moisture through plant
leaves. Even in areas
where precipitation
does not decrease,
these increases in
surface evaporation
and loss of water from
plants lead to more
rapid drying of soils if
the effects of higher
temperatures are not
Map shows numbers of days with temperatures above 100°F
during
2011. Black circles denote the location of observing stations
record-
ing at least one such day. The number of days with temperatures
exceeding 100°F is expected to increase. The record
temperatures
and drought during the summer of 2011 represent conditions
that
will occur more frequently in the U.S. as climate change
continues.
(Figure source: NOAA NCDC).
75. Coast-to-Coast
100-degree Days in 2011
Dots show the average summer tem-
perature and total rainfall in Texas for
each year from 1895 to 2012. Red dots
illustrate the range of temperatures and
rainfall observed over time. The record
temperatures and drought during the
summer of 2011 (large red dot) repre-
sent conditions far outside those that
have occurred since the instrumental
record began.2 An analysis has shown
that the probability of such an event
has more than doubled as a result of
human-induced climate change.3 (Fig-
ure source: NOAA NCDC / CICS-NC).
Texas Summer 2011: Record Heat and Drought
Some extreme weather and climate events have increased in
recent decades, and new and
stronger evidence confirms that some of these increases are
related to human activities.
25
offset by other changes (such as reduced
wind speed or increased humidity).4 As
soil dries out, a larger proportion of the
incoming heat from the sun goes into
heating the soil and adjacent air rather than
evaporating its moisture, resulting in hotter
76. summers under drier climatic conditions.5
An example of recent drought occurred in
2011, when many locations in Texas and
Oklahoma experienced more than 100 days
over 100°F. Both states set new records for
the hottest summer since record keeping
began in 1895. Rates of water loss, due
in part to evaporation, were double the
long-term average. The heat and drought
depleted water resources and contributed
to more than $10 billion in direct losses to
agriculture alone.
Heavy Downpours
Heavy downpours are increasing nationally,
especially over the last three to five
decades. The heaviest rainfall events have
become heavier and more frequent, and
the amount of rain falling on the heaviest
rain days has also increased. Since 1991,
the amount of rain falling in very heavy
precipitation events has been significantly
above average. This increase has been
greatest in the Northeast, Midwest, and
upper Great Plains – more than 30% above
the 1901-1960 average. There has also
been an increase in flooding events in the
Midwest and Northeast, where the largest
increases in heavy rain amounts have
occurred.
The mechanism driving these changes is
well understood. Warmer air can contain
more water vapor than cooler air. Global
analyses show that the amount of water
77. vapor in the atmosphere has in fact
increased due to human-caused warming.6
This extra moisture is available to storm
systems, resulting in heavier rainfalls.
Climate change also alters characteristics
of the atmosphere that affect weather
patterns and storms.
Droughts in recent years have been widespread. The map above
shows the extent
of drought in mid August 2012. The U.S. Drought Monitor is
produced in partner-
ship between the National Drought Mitigation Center at the
University of Nebras-
ka-Lincoln, the United States Department of Agriculture, and
the National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration. (Map courtesy of NDMC-
UNL).
Widespread Drought in 2012
One measure of heavy precipitation events is a two-day
precipitation total that is
exceeded on average only once in a 5-year period, also known
as the once-in-five-
year event. As this extreme precipitation index for 1901-2012
shows, the occurrence
of such events has become much more common in recent
decades. Changes are
compared to the period 1901-1960, and do not include Alaska or
Hawai‘i. (Figure
source: adapted from Kunkel et al. 20137).
Observed U.S. Trends in
Heavy Precipitation
78. 26
Finding 2: EXTREME WEATHER
Floods
Flooding may intensify in many
U.S. regions, even in areas where
total precipitation is projected to
decline. A flood is defined as any
high flow, overflow, or inundation
by water that causes or threatens
damage.8 Floods are caused or
amplified by both weather- and
human-related factors. Major
weather factors include heavy or
prolonged precipitation, snowmelt,
thunderstorms, storm surges from
hurricanes, and ice or debris jams.
Human factors include structural
failures of dams and levees, altered
drainage, and land-cover alterations
(such as pavement).
Increasingly, humanity is also adding
to weather-related factors, as
human-induced warming increases
heavy downpours, causes more
extensive storm surges due to sea
level rise, and leads to more rapid
spring snowmelt.
Worldwide, from 1980 to 2009, floods caused more
than 500,000 deaths and affected more than 2.8 billion
79. people.9 In the United States, floods caused 4,586 deaths
from 1959 to 200510 while property and crop damage
averaged nearly 8 billion dollars per year (in 2011 dollars)
All flood types are affected by climate-related factors, some
more than others.
Flash floods occur in small and steep watersheds and waterways
and can
be caused by short-duration intense precipitation, dam or levee
failure, or
collapse of debris and ice jams. Most flood-related deaths in the
U.S. are
associated with flash floods.
Urban flooding can be caused by short-duration very heavy
precipitation.
Urbanization creates large areas of impervious surfaces (such as
roads,
pavement, parking lots, and buildings) that increased immediate
runoff, and
heavy downpours can exceed the capacity of storm drains and
cause urban
flooding.
Flash floods and urban flooding are directly linked to heavy
precipitation and
are expected to increase as a result of increases in heavy
precipitation events.
River flooding occurs when surface water drained from a
watershed into
a stream or a river exceeds channel capacity, overflows the
banks, and
inundates adjacent low lying areas. Riverine flooding depends
on precipitation
80. as well as many other factors, such as existing soil moisture
conditions and
snowmelt.
Coastal flooding is predominantly caused by storm surges that
accompany
hurricanes and other storms that push large seawater domes
toward the shore.
Storm surge can cause deaths, widespread infrastructure
damage, and severe
beach erosion. Storm-related rainfall can also cause inland
flooding and is
responsible for more than half of the deaths associated with
tropical storms.8
Climate change affects coastal flooding through sea level rise
and storm surge,
and increases in heavy rainfall during storms.
There are significant trends in the magni-
tude of river flooding in many parts of the
United States.11 River flood magnitudes
(from the 1920s through 2008) have de-
creased in the Southwest and increased
in the eastern Great Plains, parts of the
Midwest, and from the northern Appa-
lachians into New England.12 The map
shows increasing trends in floods in
green and decreasing trends in brown.
The magnitude of these trends is illus-
trated by the size of the triangles. (Figure
source: Peterson et al. 201312).
Trends in
Flood Magnitude
over 1981 through 2011.8 The risks from future floods are
81. significant, given expanded development in coastal areas
and floodplains, unabated urbanization, land-use changes,
and human-induced climate change.9
Major Flood Types
27
North Atlantic hurricanes have increased in intensity,
frequency,
and duration since the early 1980s.
Heavy snowfalls during winter storms affect transportation sys-
tems and other infrastructure.
Hurricanes
There has been a substantial increase in most measures of
Atlantic hurricane activity since the early 1980s, the period
during which high quality satellite data are available.13
These include measures of intensity, frequency, and
duration as well as the number of strongest (Category
4 and 5) storms. The recent increases in activity are
linked, in part, to higher sea surface temperatures in
the region that Atlantic hurricanes form in and move
through. Numerous factors have been shown to influence
these local sea surface temperatures, including natural
variability, human-induced emissions of heat-trapping
gases, and particulate pollution. Quantifying the relative
contributions of natural and human-caused factors is an
active focus of research.
Hurricane development, however, is influenced by more
than just sea surface temperature. How hurricanes
develop also depends on how the local atmosphere
82. responds to changes in local sea surface temperatures,
and this atmospheric response depends critically on the
cause of the change.14 For example, the atmosphere
responds differently when local sea surface temperatures
increase due to a local decrease of particulate pollution
that allows more sunlight through to warm the ocean,
versus when sea surface temperatures increase more
uniformly around the world due to increased amounts of
human-caused heat-trapping gases.15
By late this century, models, on average, project an
increase in the number of the strongest (Category 4 and
5) hurricanes. Models also project greater rainfall rates in
hurricanes in a warmer climate, with increases of about
20% averaged near the center of hurricanes.
Change in Other Storms
Winter storms have increased in frequency and intensity
since the 1950s,16 and their tracks have shifted northward
over the United States.17 Other trends in severe storms,
including the intensity and frequency of tornadoes, hail,
and damaging thunderstorm winds, are uncertain and are
being studied intensively. There has been a sizable upward
trend in the number of storms causing large financial and
other losses.18 However, there are societal contributions to
this trend, such as increases in population and wealth.7
Storm surges reach farther inland as they ride on top of sea
levels that are higher due to warming.
FUTURE CLIMATE3
28