This document discusses several bacterial infections including Madura foot, necrotizing fasciitis, clostridial infections (tetanus and gas gangrene). Madura foot is a chronic fungal infection of the foot that causes bone destruction. Necrotizing fasciitis is an acute soft tissue infection characterized by tissue necrosis. Clostridial infections include tetanus, caused by C. tetani toxin, and gas gangrene, caused by C. perfringens, which causes muscle necrosis and systemic toxicity.
Include infections of skin, subcutaneous tissue, fascia, and muscle, encompass a wide spectrum of clinical presentations, ranging from simple cellulitis to rapidly progressive necrotizing fasciitis.
Diagnosing the exact extent of the disease is critical for successful management of a patient of soft tissue infection
Necrotizing Fasciitis ppt by Dr Ahmed Zubair Abbasi.pptxahmed15505
Necrotizing fasciitis is a subset of aggressive skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) that cause necrosis of the muscle fascia and subcutaneous tissues. The infection typically travels along the fascial plane, which has a poor blood supply.
Necrotizing fasciitis has also been referred to as haemolytic streptococcal gangrene, Meleney ulcer, acute dermal gangrene, hospital gangrene, suppurative fasciitis, and synergistic necrotizing cellulitis.
Fournier gangrene is a form of necrotizing fasciitis that is localized to the scrotum and perineal area.
DETAILED DISCUSSION OF NECROTIZING FASCIITIS.
A SOFT TISSUE INFECTION. USUALLY CALLED AS FLESH EATING BACTERIAL INFECTION. CAUSED BY BACTERIA. AFFECTS THE SOFT SKIN TISSUES
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Include infections of skin, subcutaneous tissue, fascia, and muscle, encompass a wide spectrum of clinical presentations, ranging from simple cellulitis to rapidly progressive necrotizing fasciitis.
Diagnosing the exact extent of the disease is critical for successful management of a patient of soft tissue infection
Necrotizing Fasciitis ppt by Dr Ahmed Zubair Abbasi.pptxahmed15505
Necrotizing fasciitis is a subset of aggressive skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) that cause necrosis of the muscle fascia and subcutaneous tissues. The infection typically travels along the fascial plane, which has a poor blood supply.
Necrotizing fasciitis has also been referred to as haemolytic streptococcal gangrene, Meleney ulcer, acute dermal gangrene, hospital gangrene, suppurative fasciitis, and synergistic necrotizing cellulitis.
Fournier gangrene is a form of necrotizing fasciitis that is localized to the scrotum and perineal area.
DETAILED DISCUSSION OF NECROTIZING FASCIITIS.
A SOFT TISSUE INFECTION. USUALLY CALLED AS FLESH EATING BACTERIAL INFECTION. CAUSED BY BACTERIA. AFFECTS THE SOFT SKIN TISSUES
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
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To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
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CDSCO and Phamacovigilance {Regulatory body in India}NEHA GUPTA
The Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) is India's national regulatory body for pharmaceuticals and medical devices. Operating under the Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, the CDSCO is responsible for approving new drugs, conducting clinical trials, setting standards for drugs, controlling the quality of imported drugs, and coordinating the activities of State Drug Control Organizations by providing expert advice.
Pharmacovigilance, on the other hand, is the science and activities related to the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects or any other drug-related problems. The primary aim of pharmacovigilance is to ensure the safety and efficacy of medicines, thereby protecting public health.
In India, pharmacovigilance activities are monitored by the Pharmacovigilance Programme of India (PvPI), which works closely with CDSCO to collect, analyze, and act upon data regarding adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Together, they play a critical role in ensuring that the benefits of drugs outweigh their risks, maintaining high standards of patient safety, and promoting the rational use of medicines.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
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Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
1. Madura Foot
This is a chronic granulomatous disease commonly affecting the foot with extensive
granulation tissue formation and bone destruction. The disease is common in the tropics and
occurs through a prick in barefoot walkers in 90% of cases.
Etiology: The causative microorganisms for this infection are various fungi or actinomycetes
found in road dust. Clinical Manifestation:
• Firm, painless, pale nodule appears initially followed by others
• Vesicles surrounding the nodules which later burst and form sinuses
• Watery discharge, which may contain granules appearing yellow, red or black color
• Flattening of the convexity of inner foot
• Deep spread to bones subcutaneous plane leading to secondary infection.
2. Treatment:
• Sulphonamides and Dapson (prolonged course)
• Broad spectrum antibiotics for secondary infection
• Amputation if severe and disfiguring infection.
Necrotizing fasciitis
This is an acute invasive infection of the subcutaneous tissue and fascia characterized by vascular
thrombosis, which leads to tissue necrosis. The skin is secondarily affected. It is idiopathic in
origin but minor wounds, ulcers and surgical wounds are believed to be initiating factors. The
condition is described as "Meleney’s synergistic gangrene" if it occurs over the abdominal wall
and “Fournier’s gangrene “if in the scrotum and perineal area.
3. Cont.
Mixed pathogens of the following microorganisms are usually cultured. •
Streptococci
• Staphylococci
• Gram negative bacteria
• Anaerobes and • Clostridia Clinical Features:
• Sudden onset of localized pain
• Rapidly spreading inflammation
Bacteriology:
4. Cont.
• Spread along chemic fascial planes
• Hemorrhagic bulla and edema
• Skin devascularization
• +/- Crepitations
• +/- Muscle necrosis
• Systemic signs of toxemi
Management:
• Broad spectrum combined antibiotics
• Gentamycin or Ceftriaxone for coverage of aerobic organisms and
5. Cont.
• Cloxacilline or chloramphenicol or Metronidazole for coverage of anaerobic
organisms • Circulatory support with intravenous fluid as much as required and
transfusion of cross matched blood when necessary
• Surgery soon as possible. The following surgical procedures may be required: -
Debridement and excision of all dead tissue - Multiple incisions for drainage -
Repeated wound inspection - Skin graft may be needed later if extensive skin
involved.
6. CLOSTRIDIAL INFECTIONS :
Tetanus.
Tetanus is a non-invasive infection caused by anaerobic micro-organisms which
requires favorable wounds like abortions, lacerations, injections, open fractures,
burns, deep contused wounds with dead tissues and foreign body... It can
practically be eliminated by tetanus vaccine immunization if properly initiated and
maintained.
Etiology:
Clostridium tetani, a gram-positive rod found in soil and manure is the causative
agent. It require anaerobic environment for growth, invasion and elaboration of
toxin, tetano-spasmin for its dramatic virulence.
7. Cont.
Clinical Features:
- Can be latent with healed and forgotten wounds
- - Local or generalized weakness - Stiffness or cramping pain on the back, neck and
abdomen
- - Difficult of chewing and swallowing
- - Tonic muscles spasms
- - Sardonic smile as evidence of onset of tonic spasm
- - Severe pain and opisothonus due to reflex convulsion of all muscles
- - Progressive difficulty of respiration
- - Fever, tachycardia, cyanosis
- - Respiratory failure and death due to repeated cyanotic convulsive attacks.
8. Cont.
Treatment:
- Meticulous surgical excision of the wound regardless of immunization state to eliminate the
bacterial infection and the dead contaminated tissue
- - Isolation, quietness and comfort - Sedation with chlorpromazine up to 200mg IM/day
barbiturates or diazepam 50mgIV under close follow-up and observation for central signs of drug
over dose
- - Antibiotics: crystalline penicillin is the drug of choice for parenteral medication. Tetracycline can
be an alternative antibiotic for oral therapy.
- - Intensive nursing care - Naso-gastric tube for feeding to maintain protein balance
- - Immunization - Respiratory support and consider tracheostomy if spasms becomes frequent
leading to cyanosis
- - Human antitetanus globulin if available to neutralize circulating toxin
- - Active immunization with 0.5 ml of tetanus toxoid if the patient is not immunized or the wound
is tetanus prone
9. Cont.
Prevention:
Prevention of clinical tetanus depends on adequate immunization of the population
and careful surgical management of all traumatic wounds, even those which appear to
be minor. Patients with grossly contaminated wounds and no or unclear history of
immunization should receive an intramuscular antitoxin therapy. Active
immunization with tetanus toxoid should also be started.
10. Gas Gangrene
Gas Gangrene Gas gangrene is another clostridia associated with soft tissue infection (Clostridial
myonecrosis). It is a rare but devastating infection characterized by muscle necrosis and systemic
toxicity due to the elaboration and release of toxins. It usually follows wounding with trauma or
surgery and requires factors contributing to tissue hypoxia like foreign bodies, vascular
insufficiency or occurs as a complication of amputation. Etiology: Clostridium perfringens is
responsible for over 80% of cases. More than one species can be isolated or polymicrobial
infection with other microorganisms can occur.
11. Cont.
Clinical features:
It is characterized by fulminant local and systemic manifestations. Patients may
appear normal at early state. Clinical features include: - Sudden and persistent
severe pain at wound site. - Localized tense edema, pallor and tenderness - Gas
noted on palpation or radiographs - Progressive brownish discoloration of skin
and hemorrhagic bullae formation - Dirty brown discharge with offensive,
sweetish odor - Severe systemic manifestations including fever, tachycardia,
hemolytic anemia, hypotension, renal failure and finally death - Gram’s stain
from the discharge can be diagnostic
12. Cont.
Management:
• Surgery is most important component
• Extensive, wide excision of involved muscles
• Amputation of an extremity may be needed.
• Antibiotics: high dose penicillin is the preferred drug
• Supportive measures including
- Intravenous infusions
- Blood transfusions
- - Close monitoring and follow up