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Matti Heikkilä, Metgen
- 1. ENZYMES CATALYSING BIOECONOMY SmartCHEM Summit Turku May 22nd MATTI HEIKKILÄ CTO
- 2. METGEN STRATEGIC FOCUS Lignocellulosic biomass conversion in multiple segments PULP AND PAPER RENEWABLE CHEMICALS BIOFUELS & ENERGY BIOMATERIALS VOLUME OF CELLULOSIC BIOMASS Biobased plastics Energy & Liquid fuels Nanocellulose Lignin-based polymers Packaging, Tissue, Paper WASTE WATER & SIDE STREAMS Clean water, biogas & Chemical building blocks
- 3. METZYMES® COVER THE FULL VALUE-CHAIN IN BIOPROCESSING Unique feedstock and pre- treatment combinations • Tailored enzymatic solutions are a MUST for processing biomass Substrate Utilization of sugars Further Conversions Sugar platform • High Yields • Affordable sugars • High dry-solid % • Lower capex Fermentation • Less inhibitors • High efficiency • Higher carbon yield Chemical building blocks • Furans and aromatics • Lignin-based materials • Platform sugars • Streamlined processes Side-streams and environment Water & biogas • Less COD & waste • Efficient processes • Neutralizing toxins LIGNO™ SUNO™ PURECO™ FORICO™ FORCI™ Hydrolysis and Fractionation
- 4. PLATFORM CHEMICALS STREAMLINED CHEMO-ENZYMATIC ROUTE TO PLATFORM CHEMICALS MetZyme® PURECO™2nd Gen Glucose Fructose Isomerases MetZyme® PURECO™ CHEMICAL CONVERSIONS BIO- CONVERSION FDCA 1st & 2nd Gen Glucose Glucosone Dehydration Oxidation Oxidases Dehydration Oxidation etc. Heterogenous / Solid catalysts MetGen’s patent-filed processes enable: • Complete C6 conversion • Use of 2nd Gen sugars • Streamlined processes and higher yields • New routes to platform chemicals
- 5. Renewable Materials – Nanocellulose Challenge Current process requires 10x energy of TMP refining to achieve cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) Enzymatic solutions convert pulp to sugar and reduce yield Market Opportunity 250M€ global market by 2019 (MarketsandMarkets.com research) Nanocellulose has incredible potential in material industry: Photonics, composites, medical, modifications, films, foams Desired Effect Energy saving in refining and higher dry-matter content Solution Pure MetZyme® PURECO™ endoglucanase only fibrillates but do not cut the fibre to sugars Status and next steps Lab trials done, pilot scale with collaboration partners next MetZyme® PURECOTM added to refined pulp or MCC/MFC Nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC)
- 6. METZYME® PURECO™ FOR BIOREFINERIES: LIGNIN MODIFICATION / VALORIZATION Challenge Economics of modern Biorefineries require commercial lignin utilization (other than burning). Complex molecule needs to be cleaved to smaller, more specific and reactive fractions. Market Opportunity Economically viable drop-in substitute for oil-based chemicals in binders, fillers, foams, plasticizers, coatings, etc. More defined aromatic compounds open up new chemistries. Desired Effect Affordable lignin fractionation process for specific and reactive molecule without solvents and heavy metal catalysts Novel and unique MetZyme® PURECO™ with operational MetZyme® PURECOTM added on soluble lignin Lignin is “split” to smaller molecule size compounds
- 7. ACTION OF METZYME® PURECO™ ON LIGNIN l. Munk et al., 2015. Biotechnology advances 33;13-24. ACTIVATION OF LIGNIN STRUCTURE → Electron withdrawal from subunit in lignin → Increased reactivity Depolymerization Consecutive cleavage Decrease in average molecular weight & release of lignin substructures Modification Change in functional group Acetylation and demethylation Grafting Single attachment for changes in properties (e.g. Solubility) Polymerization Continuing attachment Increase in average molecular weight & capture of lignin substructures Bond Cleavege Electron withdrawal from subunit in lignin Increased reactivity Coupling Attachment of phenylpropanoids and/or Mediators
- 8. METZYME® PURECO™ IMPACT ON LIGNIN Stable depolymerisation without repolymerisation Operations in aqueous medium enables membrane operations to collect specific fractions *Hämäläinen et al. “Enzymatic process to unlock the lignin value” Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology - Bioenergy and Biofuels, 2018, 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00020 PURECO™ enables fractionating industrial lignin in water at pH 11 and <80 °C without solvents or mediators
- 9. MetZyme® PURECO™ IMPACT ON LIGNIN Rapid polymerisation Control of depolymerisation/polymerisation by pH *Hämäläinen et al. “Enzymatic process to unlock the lignin value” Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology - Bioenergy and Biofuels, 2018, 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00020 MetZyme® PURECO™ allows for control of lignin molecular weight and distribution
- 10. ENZYMATIC LIGNIN FRACTIONING The highly complex structure, unspecified and too high molecular weight have been a major challenge in lignin utilization. Enzymatic fractionation allows for high yield of specific low molecular weight fractions LIGNIN DISTRIBUTION BY FRACTION Molecular Weigth Dissolved Lignin Enzyme depolymerized Lignin 5–100 kDa 7 % 0 % 1–5 kDa 90 % 32 % 0,3–1 kDa 3 % 68 %
- 11. LIGNIN DEPOLYMERIZATION ADDS VALUE Molecular Weigth Reactivity & Solubility Application Bio- Equivalent of Price Currently available lignin 5–100 kDa Poor Burning Oil / Electricity 50 - 150 €/ton Dissolved lignin 3–50 kDa Medium Resins & Adhesives Form- aldehyde 400 – 500 €/ton Enzyme depolymerize d lignin 0,3–2 kDa Good Foams & Composites PVA 1000 – 1500 €/ton Enzyme depolymerize d fractions 0,3 kDa 0,5 kDa 0,7 kDa ... 2 kDa Very Good New materials Specialty Chemicals & Polymers > 1500 €/ton
- 12. LIGNIN SAMPLES AT VARIOUS PROCESS STEPS Separations performed on soluble lignin using 10 kDa and 2 kDa ultrafiltration membranes Note: molecular weight may be much smaller than the membrane nominal cut-off
- 13. EUROPEAN UNION FUNDED DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS 2nd GEN BIOREFINERY LIGNIN STRAW & GRASS BIOWASTE MARINE DIESEL BUTANOL SUGAR PLATFORM FORESTRY FEEDSTOCKS SOFT & HARD WOOD RENEWABLE PLASTIC CHEMICAL BUILDING BLOCKS GLUCOSE ISOMERASE + HYDROLYSIS ENZYMES INHIBITOR RESISTANT GLUCOSE ISOMERASE SOLVENT TOLERANT INDUSTRIAL LACCASE DETOXIFICATION + LIGNOLYTIC ENZYMES + HYDROLYSIS SOLUTION DETOXIFICATION + LIGNOLYTIC ENZYMES + HYDROLYSIS SOLUTION 57 PARTNERS IN 9 EU PROJECTS WITH TOTAL OF 90 M€ INTEGRATED HARDWOOD BIOREFINERY BIOCHEMICALS BIOMATERIALS HYDROLYSIS CONVERSION OF SUGARS FRACTIONATED LIGNIN
- 14. NEXT: COMMERCIAL SCALE & INTEGRATION Material produced in modern biorefinery
- 15. EU FUNDED HORIZON 2020 PROJECTS BIOrescue (720708) and BIOFOREVER (720710) have received funding from the Bio Based Industries Joint Undertaking under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 720708
- 16. CATALYZING THE BIO-BASED INDUSTRY PROJECTS NEW PRODUCTSVALUE-CHAINS 9 4024 PARTNERS B€ MARKETM€ PROJECT FUNDING 57 60090 MetGen will change the future of bio-refining by 1. making lignin a main process stream 2. paving the way to renewable chemicals by combining biology with chemistry
- 17. BIO-BASED INDUSTRY REVOLUTION REQUIRES ONLY ONE MORE THING: COLLABORATION! MATTI HEIKKILÄ CTO matti@metgen.com
- 18. MetZyme® PURECO™ IMPACT ON LIGNIN *Hämäläinen et al. “Enzymatic process to unlock the lignin value” Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology - Bioenergy and Biofuels, 2018, 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00020
- 19. MetZyme® PURECO™ IMPACT ON LIGNIN 0,000 0,100 0,200 0,300 0,400 0,500 0,600 0,700 no no Pureco5 Pureco5 Pureco5 no M1-4 AvgA560 Lignin Activation Test: Demethylation Assay 10g/l lignin, 1% various mediators, pH9 pH10 pH11
- 20. Biorefinery Lignin ENZYMATIC LIGNIN FRACTIONING Solubilization Solids separatio n Enzymatic Fractionatio n UF NF Enzyme + Water NaOH Mixing Aeration Water/NaOH Recycling Low molecular weight lignin 60% Medium molecular weight lignin 25% Unsoluble lignin 15% 85% Water NaOH Mixing Heating
- 21. STREAMLINED CHEMO-ENZYMATIC ROUTE TO PLATFORM CHEMICALS
- 22. BACTERIA vs FUNGI FUNGI BACTERIA Hot Springs Dead SeaOcean deep Permafrost Animal gut Swamp Temperature pH
- 23. ENZINE® TECHNOLOGY PLATFORM STRONG CHAIN OF COMPETENCE • FAST: Industry leading short development cycle • FLEXIBLE: Tailored enzyme design approach to meet challenging industrial conditions • ADAPTABLE: Can produce large amounts of different enzymes, cost- effectively and supply globally • PROVEN: Developed several novel enzymes from concept to validation at industrial scale and production Unique Combination Identified Customer Challenge Piloting and scale-up Technical support Industrial supply of enzyme Designing, cloning and screening Application testing