matsuoka_igarss2011.ppt
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1) The document analyzes ground deformation from the 2010 El Mayor, Mexico earthquake using pre- and post-event satellite images. 2) It finds displacements of approximately 2 meters east-west and 1.5 meters south-north along the fault line through sub-pixel correlation analysis. 3) The results are comparable to field survey measurements and indicate a maximum right-lateral strike slip along the fault from the earthquake.
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1. Image rectification to correct geometric distortions and calibrate radiometric data. This involves techniques like geometric corrections to adjust for sensor distortions and radiometric corrections to standardize brightness values.
2. Image enhancement techniques like contrast stretching to increase image contrast and improve feature detection. Methods include linear stretches, histogram equalization, and logarithmic transforms.
3. Local operations called spatial filtering that modify pixel values based on neighboring pixels. This can emphasize or de-emphasize certain image features or spatial frequencies to enhance details or reduce noise.
Parcel-based Damage Detection using SAR Data
This document summarizes a study that used SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) data to detect parcel-level damage from the 2003 Bam, Iran earthquake. Researchers developed a parcel database from city maps and extracted building footprints. SAR images before and after the quake were analyzed at the parcel-level. A change detection index was calibrated using simulated radar cross-section curves for different building orientations. The calibrated SAR damage map correlated well with a visual damage interpretation from optical images, validating the parcel-based SAR approach for detecting earthquake damage.
Pre processing of raw rs data
Raw remote sensing images contain errors that must be corrected through pre-processing before analysis. Pre-processing involves radiometric, geometric, and atmospheric corrections. Radiometric corrections address distortions in pixel values from issues like noise, striping, or dropped scan lines. Geometric corrections rectify distortions caused by terrain, sensor geometry, and platform movement using ground control points. Atmospheric corrections reduce haze effects through techniques like dark object subtraction that assume minimum surface reflectance values. Pre-processing is essential for producing accurate, georeferenced images suitable for analysis and interpretation.
Optical remote sensing
This document discusses different types of remote sensing systems used in civil engineering, including optical, photogrammetric, thermal, multispectral, hyperspectral, and panchromatic systems. It provides examples and specifications of various sensors, such as MODIS, AVIRIS, IKONOS, and WorldView. The document also covers digital image formats, photogrammetry, image distortions and displacements, reference ellipsoids, relief displacement, and methods of measuring heights from aerial photographs.
EDGE DETECTION IN RADAR IMAGES USING WEIBULL DISTRIBUTION
Radar images can reveal information about the shape of the surface terrain as well as its
physical and biophysical properties. Radar images have long been used in geological studies to
map structural features that are revealed by the shape of the landscape. Radar imagery also has
applications in vegetation and crop type mapping, landscape ecology, hydrology, and
volcanology. Image processing is using for detecting for objects in radar images. Edge
detection; which is a method of determining the discontinuities in gray level images; is a very
important initial step in Image processing. Many classical edge detectors have been developed
over time. Some of the well-known edge detection operators based on the first derivative of the
image are Roberts, Prewitt, Sobel which is traditionally implemented by convolving the image
with masks. Also Gaussian distribution has been used to build masks for the first and second
derivative. However, this distribution has limit to only symmetric shape. This paper will use to
construct the masks, the Weibull distribution which was more general than Gaussian because it
has symmetric and asymmetric shape. The constructed masks are applied to images and we
obtained good results.
EDGE DETECTION IN RADAR IMAGES USING WEIBULL DISTRIBUTION
Radar images can reveal information about the shape of the surface terrain as well as its physical and biophysical properties. Radar images have long been used in geological studies to
map structural features that are revealed by the shape of the landscape. Radar imagery also has applications in vegetation and crop type mapping, landscape ecology, hydrology, and
volcanology. Image processing is using for detecting for objects in radar images. Edge detection; which is a method of determining the discontinuities in gray level images; is a very
important initial step in Image processing. Many classical edge detectors have been developed over time. Some of the well-known edge detection operators based on the first derivative of the image are Roberts, Prewitt, Sobel which is traditionally implemented by convolving the image with masks. Also Gaussian distribution has been used to build masks for the first and second derivative. However, this distribution has limit to only symmetric shape. This paper will use to construct the masks, the Weibull distribution which was more general than Gaussian because it has symmetric and asymmetric shape. The constructed masks are applied to images and we obtained good results.
REGION CLASSIFICATION AND CHANGE DETECTION USING LANSAT-8 IMAGES
The change detection in remote sensing images remains an important and open problem for damage assessment. A new change detection method for LANSAT-8 images based on homogeneous pixel transformation (HPT) is proposed. Homogeneous Pixel Transformation transfers one image from its original feature space (e.g., gray space) to another feature space (e.g., spectral space) in pixel-level to make the pre-event images and post-event images to be represented in a common space or projection space for the convenience of change detection. HPT consists of two operations, i.e., forward transformation and backward transformation. In the forward transformation, each pixel of pre-event image in the first feature space is taken and will estimate its mapping pixel in the second space corresponding to post-event image based on the known unchanged pixels. A multi-value estimation method with the noise tolerance is produced to determine the mapping pixel using K-nearest neighbours technique. Once the mapping pixels of pre-event image are identified, the difference values between the mapping image and the post-event image can be directly generated. Then the similar work is done for backward transformation to combine the post-event image with the first space, and one more difference value for each pixel will be generated. Then, the two difference values are taken and combined to improve the robustness of detection with respect to the noise and heterogeneousness of images. (FRFCM) Fast and Robust Fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm is employed to divide the integrated difference values into two clusters- changed pixels and unchanged pixels. This detection results may contain few noisy regions as small error detections, and a spatial-neighbor based noise filter is developed to reduce the false alarms and missing detections. The experiments for change detection with real images of LANSAT-8 in Tuticorin between 2013-2019 are given to validate the percentage of the changed regions in the proposed method.
Hazard Detection Algorithm for Safe Autonomous Landing
This paper describes an algorithm for detecting safe landing zones on planetary surfaces using elevation maps and high-resolution images. The algorithm first preprocesses elevation data and extracts terrain features related to slope, roughness, and lander footprint overlap. It then trains a decision tree classifier on a subset of training data to predict safe zones. The algorithm achieves over 97% accuracy on four test terrains of increasing complexity. It also generalizes well to new, unseen terrain types.
SIMPLIFIED SAR SIMULATION FOR REMOTE SENSING URBAN DAMAGE ASSESSMENT
This document summarizes a methodology for using SAR satellite imagery and GIS data to simulate urban building signatures and assess earthquake damage remotely. It involves simulating radar cross sections of buildings under different orientations, extracting building edge data from high-resolution maps into a GIS database, and using the RCS simulations and orientations to model expected SAR signatures. This allows generating calibration layers to adjust SAR-based damage indices for different sensor angles. The method is demonstrated for cities in Bam, Iran and Tehran that experienced earthquakes, using Envisat SAR data and ancillary maps to extract building outlines and attributes.
Digital Image Processing
Digital image processing involves applying computer algorithms to digital images. It allows a wide range of algorithms to be used and avoids problems like noise and distortion. Digital images are made of pixels, the discrete picture elements. Sampling rate must be high enough to capture required detail. Karst terrain has distinctive features like sinkholes and caves formed by limestone dissolution in water. Remote sensing data at different resolutions can identify karst landforms of various sizes for mapping and analysis.
Automatic Classification Satellite images for weather Monitoring
This document discusses a system for automatically classifying satellite images to monitor weather patterns and provide early warnings of adverse weather. It describes segmenting images, calculating centroids and distances between regions to identify cloud movement, and setting an alarm if clouds move in a way that indicates potential adverse weather. Algorithms are provided for displaying images, segmenting regions of interest, computing centroids and distances, matching images to estimate cloud models, determining cloud proximity above earth regions, and setting an alarm based on cloud movement patterns. The goal is to develop an early warning system by analyzing successive satellite images at hourly intervals and predicting future cloud patterns and weather.
Notarnicola_TH2_TO4.2.ppt
The document describes research on using COSMO-SkyMed satellite imagery to monitor snow cover in alpine regions over time. A multi-temporal approach is able to distinguish wet snow from no-snow areas with an accuracy that depends on factors like image thresholds and land cover. Time series of snow maps from COSMO-SkyMed images are compared to optical data, showing good agreement. Future work will analyze additional areas, polarizations, and sensors to improve dry snow detection and reduce uncertainty in the snow mapping.
ANALYSIS OF LAND SURFACE DEFORMATION GRADIENT BY DINSAR
The progressive development of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) systems diversify the exploitation of the generated images by these systems in different applications of geoscience. Detection and monitoring surface deformations, procreated by various phenomena had benefited from this evolution and had been realized by interferometry (InSAR) and differential interferometry (DInSAR) techniques. Nevertheless, spatial and temporal decorrelations of the interferometric couples used, limit strongly the precision of analysis results by these techniques. In this context, we propose, in this work, a methodological approach of surface deformation detection and analysis by differential interferograms to show the limits of this technique according to noise quality and level. The detectability model is generated from the deformation signatures, by simulating a linear fault merged to the images couples of ERS1 / ERS2 sensors acquired in a region of the Algerian south.
A calibration technique for a two axis magnetic compass in telematics devices
This paper presents an algorithm for calculating azimuth using a two-axis magnetic compass. The algorithm compensates for tilt error using just the two-axis magnetic compass and two-axis accelerometer by estimating the third magnetic compass axis. It does this by searching for the extended dip angle during normalization. This allows for accurate tilt-compensated heading information to be provided to small portable devices.
Pre processing
Radiometric corrections include correcting the data for sensor irregularities and unwanted sensor or atmospheric noise, and converting the data so they accurately represent the reflected or emitted radiation measured by the sensor.
Multi sensor data fusion for change detection
This document summarizes a study that used multi-sensor data fusion to detect changes in a coastal zone in Trabzon, Turkey between 2000 and 2003. The study fused higher resolution aerial photographs and IKONOS panchromatic data with lower resolution ETM+ multispectral data to create 1m resolution multi-spectral images for both time periods. Post-classification comparison of the fused images from 2000 and 2003 was then used to detect changes in the coastal zone due to highway construction, identifying an area of 186023 m2 of new filled earth. Fusion was performed using the à trous wavelet transform algorithm to preserve spectral content while improving spatial resolution for accurate change detection.
Localization of free 3 d surfaces by the mean of photometric
This document discusses a photometric stereovision technique to localize free 3D surfaces using multiple images.
It presents a photometric model linking image intensity to surface relief and reflectance properties. This model results in a system of equations with the relief variations and reflectance as unknowns. Solving the system requires 3 images under different lighting conditions.
The document applies this technique to extract the 3D relief of a corrugated plastic surface from images, demonstrating the feasibility of measuring free surfaces with the photometric stereovision approach. Accuracy of the measured surface shape is evaluated.
Satellite image Processing Seminar Report
Satellite image processing is a technique to enhance raw images received from cameras or sensors placed on satellites, space probes and aircrafts or pictures taken in normal day to day life in various applications. The process of creating thematic maps as spatial distribution of particular information. These are structured by Spectral Bands. These have constant density and when they overlap their densities get added. It performs image analysis on multiple scale images and catches the comprehensive information of system for different application. Examples of themes are soil, vegetation, water-depth and air. The supervising of such critical events requires a huge volume of surveillance data and extremely powerful real time processing for infrastructure
Similar to matsuoka_igarss2011.ppt (20)
EDGE DETECTION IN RADAR IMAGES USING WEIBULL DISTRIBUTION
EDGE DETECTION IN RADAR IMAGES USING WEIBULL DISTRIBUTION
EDGE DETECTION IN RADAR IMAGES USING WEIBULL DISTRIBUTION
EDGE DETECTION IN RADAR IMAGES USING WEIBULL DISTRIBUTION
REGION CLASSIFICATION AND CHANGE DETECTION USING LANSAT-8 IMAGES
REGION CLASSIFICATION AND CHANGE DETECTION USING LANSAT-8 IMAGES
Hazard Detection Algorithm for Safe Autonomous Landing
Hazard Detection Algorithm for Safe Autonomous Landing
SIMPLIFIED SAR SIMULATION FOR REMOTE SENSING URBAN DAMAGE ASSESSMENT
SIMPLIFIED SAR SIMULATION FOR REMOTE SENSING URBAN DAMAGE ASSESSMENT
Automatic Classification Satellite images for weather Monitoring
Automatic Classification Satellite images for weather Monitoring
ANALYSIS OF LAND SURFACE DEFORMATION GRADIENT BY DINSAR
ANALYSIS OF LAND SURFACE DEFORMATION GRADIENT BY DINSAR
A calibration technique for a two axis magnetic compass in telematics devices
A calibration technique for a two axis magnetic compass in telematics devices
Localization of free 3 d surfaces by the mean of photometric
Localization of free 3 d surfaces by the mean of photometric
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1) The document describes a segmentation algorithm for polarimetric SAR (PolSAR) data that can model both scalar-texture and multi-texture scattering.
2) The algorithm uses log-cumulants and hypothesis testing to determine whether a scalar-texture or dual-texture model best fits the data within each segment.
3) The algorithm is tested on simulated multi-texture PolSAR data and is shown to accurately segment the classes and estimate their texture parameters. However, when applied to real data sets, the algorithm only finds the simpler scalar-texture case.
TWO-POINT STATISTIC OF POLARIMETRIC SAR DATA TWO-POINT STATISTIC OF POLARIMET...
This document discusses using wavelet transforms to analyze two-point statistics of polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) data. It introduces wavelet variance and kurtosis as metrics that can be applied to PolSAR data transformed using a wavelet frame. It then provides an example of applying this analysis to ALOS PALSAR data over Hawaii's Papau Seamount to characterize sea surface features.
THE SENTINEL-1 MISSION AND ITS APPLICATION CAPABILITIES
The Sentinel-1 mission is part of the GMES program and consists of two satellites to provide C-band SAR data for emergency response, marine and land monitoring, and other applications. The satellites operate in a near-polar orbit with a 12 day repeat cycle. The main acquisition mode is an interferometric wide swath mode with 5m range and 20m azimuth resolution over a 250km swath. Sentinel-1 will support operational services and create a long-term SAR data archive.
GMES SPACE COMPONENT:PROGRAMMATIC STATUS
The document summarizes the status of the GMES Space Component program. It describes the Sentinel satellite missions for monitoring land, ocean, atmosphere and emergency situations. The Sentinels will provide long-term data continuity as well as improved coverage compared to existing missions. Sentinel data will be freely and openly available to both operational users and the science community. The program is on track, with the first Sentinel launches beginning in 2013.
PROGRESSES OF DEVELOPMENT OF CFOSAT SCATTEROMETER
The document describes the progress of the development of CFOSAT SCAT, a Ku-band scatterometer onboard the Chinese-French Oceanography Satellite (CFOSAT). CFOSAT will measure global ocean surface winds and waves to improve weather forecasting, ocean dynamics modeling, climate research, and understanding of surface processes. The SCAT instrument is a rotating fan-beam radar scatterometer that will retrieve wind vectors using measurements of backscatter at incidence angles from 26 to 46 degrees. It has a wide swath of over 1000km and specifications are designed to achieve high-precision wind measurements globally. System details including parameters and the operation mode are provided.
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The document describes the SAP4PRISMA project which aims to develop algorithms and products to support the Italian hyperspectral PRISMA Earth observation mission. The project will focus on data processing, quality assessment, classification methods, and generating level 3 and 4 products for applications like land monitoring, agriculture, and hazard monitoring. It will include the generation of "PRISMA-like" synthetic test data to support algorithm development and validation. The research will be carried out across multiple work packages focusing on topics like data quality, classification methods, calibration/validation, and developing applicative products.
EO-1/HYPERION: NEARING TWELVE YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL MISSION SCIENCE OPERATION A...
1) The EO-1 Hyperion instrument has collected over 65,000 scenes over its 12-year mission to study land and coastal ecosystems using imaging spectroscopy.
2) Studies using Hyperion data have identified spectral indices related to chlorophyll that correlate with carbon flux measurements at different sites, including a Zambian woodland and North Carolina forest sites.
3) Time series of Hyperion data at flux tower sites show seasonal changes in these spectral indices that match patterns in ecosystem carbon uptake and release.
EO-1/HYPERION: NEARING TWELVE YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL MISSION SCIENCE OPERATION A...
1) The EO-1 Hyperion instrument has collected over 65,000 scenes over its 12-year mission to study land and coastal ecosystems using imaging spectroscopy.
2) Studies using Hyperion data have identified spectral indices related to chlorophyll that correlate with carbon flux measurements at different forest, grassland, and woodland sites globally.
3) Time series of Hyperion data at sites in Zambia, North Carolina, and Kansas show seasonal changes in these spectral indices that match patterns in ecosystem carbon uptake and release measured by flux towers.
EO-1/HYPERION: NEARING TWELVE YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL MISSION SCIENCE OPERATION A...
EO-1/Hyperion has been collecting hyperspectral imagery for over 12 years, acquiring over 65,000 scenes. Researchers have been using these data to develop and validate algorithms for estimating vegetation properties like fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (fAPAR) and photochemical reflectance index (PRI). Comparisons of Hyperion data to field measurements at flux tower sites show these algorithms can accurately track vegetation changes over time and relate spectral properties to productivity metrics like light use efficiency and gross ecosystem productivity. This work is helping prototype data products for the upcoming HyspIRI mission.
Test
This document is a return and exchange form for a wetsuit company. It provides instructions for customers to fill out when returning an undamaged item for a refund, exchange, or size change. The form requests information like the customer's order details, contact information, the suit being returned and its size, the reason for return, and if applicable, the new desired size. It also provides the return shipping address and notifies customers that the company is not responsible for lost or damaged return packages.
Tana_IGARSS2011.ppt
The document discusses mapping wetlands in North America using MODIS 500m imagery. It describes wetlands and existing global wetland databases. The methodology uses MODIS data from 2008, digital elevation models, and reference data to classify wetlands into three types - forest/shrub dominant wetlands, herbaceous dominant wetlands, and sea grass dominant wetlands. Training data is collected from existing land cover maps and Landsat imagery. A decision tree model and maximum likelihood classification are applied to extract wetlands from other land covers.
Sakkas.ppt
This study analyzed crustal deformation in the seismically active Patras Gulf region of Greece using GPS data. The GPS network was established in 1994 and expanded through additional campaigns in 1996, 2006, and 2011. The data show the Patras Gulf is opening up at a rate of 8-13 mm/yr with uplift of 5 mm/yr in the south. A continuous GPS station revealed southeast horizontal motion of 17.4 mm/yr and a clear signal from the 2008 Mw 6.4 Andravida earthquake. The results indicate increasing extension across the gulf and smaller extension near the Rio-Antirrio bridge area.
Rocca.ppt
The document discusses advances in SAR interferometry over the past 20 years for measuring millimeter-scale land motion. Key points include:
1) Revisit times have decreased from 35 days with ERS-1 to 12 days with Sentinel-1 constellations, improving ground motion recovery.
2) Persistent scatterer interferometry techniques like SqueeSAR can now measure motions to the millimeter by using all available interferograms.
3) Atmospheric phase screens still limit accuracy but can be estimated and removed using numerical weather models, GPS, and other independent datasets.
4) Future opportunities include using wide Doppler bandwidths from satellites to achieve high-resolution azimuth measurements of ground motion.
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matsuoka_igarss2011.ppt
- 1. Coseismic Displacement Measurement of the 2010 El Mayor, Mexico Earthquake by Subpixel Correlation from Optical Satellite Images Masashi Matsuoka and Shinsuke Kodama AIST, Japan
- 4. The 2005 Pakistan Earthquake 2000/11/14 2005/10/27 ASTER images (resolution: 15 m) taken pre- and post-event images The Mw 7.6 earthquake struck Northern Pakistan and Kashmir on October 8, 2005. Avouac et al. (2006) R: Band3N G: Band2 B: Band1 R: Band3N G: Band2 B: Band1
- 5. Displacements from Pixel-offset of ASTER Images East-west ground displacement (white to the east, black to the west) Avouac et al. (2006) South-north ground displacement (white to the south, black to the north)
- 7. Calculation Flow 1. Tie points: are obtained from the optimal pixel pair selection, by searching sub-pixel by sub-pixel, at the position that yields the highest cross-correlation of the area of the local window between the slave (post-event) and the master (pre-event) images. > Interval: 10-pixel > Local window size: 31 31 pixels > Threshold of correlation coefficient: 0.7 2. Slave image coregistration: is carried out by the second degrees polynomial regression using the points, whose correlation coefficient is larger than 0.95, in the above selected tie points. 3. Disparity: can be calculated from the residual in the locations of original and coregistered pixels for x (east-west) and y (south-north) directions of slave image.
- 9. Pre- and Post-earthquake PRISM Images 2009/09/14 2010/05/02 Path: 542 (west) 10 km 10 km
- 10. ALOS/PRISM Capabilities (source: JAXA) OB1 OB2 DEM generation Ortho-rectification Pixel resolution: 2.5 m Subpixel accuracy: approx. quarter meter
- 11. Pre- and Post-earthquake ortho-rectified PRISM Mosaic Images before after
- 12. Displacements from Pixel-offset of PRISM Images east-west component south-north component The correlation images were obtained with a sliding 31×31 pixels correlation window and 10-pixel step. Spatial resolution of the correlation images is approximately 75 m. Decorrelation areas where the cross-correlation coefficient is lower than 0.7 are discarded and appear in white. right-lateral strike slip fault 10 km 10 km − + − +
- 13. Displacements from Pixel-offset of PRISM Images east-west component south-north component The correlation images were obtained with a sliding 31×31 pixels correlation window and 10-pixel step. Spatial resolution of the correlation images is approximately 75 m. Decorrelation areas where the cross-correlation coefficient is lower than 0.7 are discarded and appear in white. 10 km 10 km − + − +
- 14. East-west Component from PRISM Image Pixel-offset Six profiles, A-A’ to F-F’, run across the fault trace are selected. Displacements are positive toward the east. Slip vectors of the east-west component of ground displacement obtained by six profiles.
- 15. South-north Component from PRISM Image Pixel-offset Six profiles, A-A’ to F-F’, run across the fault trace are selected. Displacements are positive toward the south. Slip vectors of the south-north component of ground displacement obtained by six profiles.
- 16. Stacked Profiles East-west component South-north component It can be clear to recognize the discontinuity caused by the fault rupture and the maximum displacements of approximately 2 m and 1.5 m are measured in the east-west and south-north directions, respectively.
- 17. Comparison with Field Survey ( Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering Reconnaissance, GEER Association Report No. GEER-023) The extracted displacements from PRISM image correlation are comparable to field survey results.
Editor's Notes
- high-frequency noise is observable
- high-frequency noise is observable
- These figures show the means and the standard deviations of the horizontal slip vectors. It can be clear to recognize the discontinuity caused by the fault rupture and the maximum displacements of approximately 2 m and 1.5 m are measured in the east-west and south-north directions, respectively.
- In the southern Sierra Cucapah, rupture extends 20 km along the Laguna Salada and Pescadores faults and reached a maximum displacement of ~ 250 cm of right-lateral strike-slip. The amount of dip slip is variable and changes polarity along strike along the Laguna Salada Fault before becoming predominantly east-down with maximum offsets of 150 cm along the Pescadores Fault. THE SURFACE RUPTURES ASSOCIATED WITH THE EL MAYORBORREGO EARTHQUAKE SEQUENCE FLETCHER, John 1, ROCKWELL, Thomas K.2, TERAN, Orlando, MASANA, Eulalia2, FANEROS, Geoff, HUDNUT, Ken, GONZALEZ, Javier, GONZALEZ, Alejandro, SPELZ, Ronald, and MUELLER, Karl Cordilleran Section - 106th Annual Meeting, and Pacific Section, American Association of Petroleum Geologists (27-29 May 2010) Paper No. LB1-5