Traditional Agroforestry System in India- Shifting Cultivation, Taungya, Home...
PhD presentation
1. الرحيم الرحمن ال بسمالرحيم الرحمن ال بسم
"" المؤمنون و رسوله و عملكم ال فسيرى إعملوا وقلالمؤمنون و رسوله و عملكم ال فسيرى إعملوا وقل ""
العظيم ال صدقالعظيم ال صدق
TO MY FAMILYTO MY FAMILY
2. بها المحيطة المناطق و الجديدة قفط مدينة على جيوفيزيقية دراسةبها المحيطة المناطق و الجديدة قفط مدينة على جيوفيزيقية دراسة
مصر - قفطمصر - قفط..
GEOPHYSICAL STUDGEOPHYSICAL STUDYY AT NEW QEFT CITY, AND AREASAT NEW QEFT CITY, AND AREAS
SURROUND IT.SURROUND IT. QQُُEFT, EGYPTEFT, EGYPT
إشراف تحتإشراف تحت
Supervised bySupervised by
Dr. S. O. Elkhateeb Dr. S. S. OsmanDr. S. O. Elkhateeb Dr. S. S. Osman
Prof. of Geophysics, Prof. of Geophysics,Prof. of Geophysics, Prof. of Geophysics,
Faculty of Science, Qena, Magnetic and Electric Department,Faculty of Science, Qena, Magnetic and Electric Department,
South Valley University. National research institute of astronomySouth Valley University. National research institute of astronomy
and geophysics (NRIAG).and geophysics (NRIAG).
Dr. S .R. SalemDr. S .R. Salem
Lecturer of Geophysics,Lecturer of Geophysics,
Faculty of Science, Qena,Faculty of Science, Qena,
South Valley UniversitySouth Valley University
من مقدمةمن مقدمة
محمد بشير أدهم الحسينمحمد بشير أدهم الحسين
ByBy
Alhussein Adham Basheer MohammedAlhussein Adham Basheer Mohammed
4. It is bounded by latitudes 25 57’ 56’’ and 26 01’ 56’’ N and longitudes 32’ 49’
51’’ and 32’ 56’ 27’’ E and covers a surface area of about 214 feddan, while the
next stages have ability of spreading out in the near future.
6. Topographic and Geomorphologic contour map of the study area
7 0
9 0
1 1 0
1 3 0
1 5 0
1 7 0
1 9 0
2 1 0
2 3 0
2 5 0
0 5 0 0 1 0 0 0
i n m e t e r
W a d i
10. QUALITATIVE INTERPREATION OF THE
POTENTIAL FILED DATA
• Nature of the Observed Magnetic
Anomalies
• Description of the Detailed Ground
Magnetic Data
• Regional and Residual Maps of the
Ground magnetic Data
("Upward continuation technique“, "Low-pass filtering technique“, “High-pass
filtering technique” , “Least-Square technique "second order“”)
11. Map of Detailed Total Ground Magnetic Intensity Data
in n T
- 2 0
- 5
1 0
2 5
4 0
5 5
7 0
8 5
1 0 0
M e t e r s0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0
2 6 0 1 ' 5 6 '' N
3 2 4 9 ' 5 1 '' E
2 5 4 9 ' 5 1 '' N
2 6 0 1 ' 5 6 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 2 7 '' E
3 2 4 9 ' 5 1 '' E
2 5 5 7 ' 5 6 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 2 7 '' E
12. Regional anomaly map from "Upward continuation technique" on the land survey
magnetic data.
- 1 7
- 1 2
- 7
- 2
3
2 6 0 1 ' 5 6 '' N
3 2 4 9 ' 5 1 '' E
0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 M e t e r s
2 5 4 9 ' 5 1 '' N
2 6 0 1 ' 5 6 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 2 7 '' E
3 2 4 9 ' 5 1 '' E
2 5 5 7 ' 5 6 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 2 7 '' E
in n T
13. Residual anomaly map from "Upward continuation technique" on the land
survey magnetic data.
- 1 0
1 5
4 0
6 5
9 0
2 6 0 1 ' 5 6 '' N
3 2 4 9 ' 5 1 '' E
0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 M e t e r s
2 5 4 9 ' 5 1 '' N
2 6 0 1 ' 5 6 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 2 7 '' E
3 2 4 9 ' 5 1 '' E
2 5 5 7 ' 5 6 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 2 7 '' E
in n T
14. Residual anomaly map from Least-Square technique "second order" on the land
survey magnetic data.
- 5 5
- 3 0
- 5
2 0
4 5
in n T
M e t e r s0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0
2 6 0 1 ' 5 6 '' N
3 2 4 9 ' 5 1 '' E
2 5 4 9 ' 5 1 '' N
2 6 0 1 ' 5 6 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 2 7 '' E
3 2 4 9 ' 5 1 '' E
2 5 5 7 ' 5 6 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 2 7 '' E
15. Structural Trend analysis
• The NNW to SSE- trends (Red Sea- Gulf of Suez trend)
• The NE- SW trend (Aqaba)
• The ENE to WSW trend
North
16. 1-Spectral Analysis Methods:
Two-dimensional Radially Averaged Power Spectrum:
QUANTITATIVE INTERPRETATION OF THE
POTENTIAL FILED DATA
d e e p d e p t h = 1 8 6 5 m e t e r
s h a l l o w d e p t h = 1 1 0 0 m e t e r
2-D Power Spectrum for land magnetic survey data
17. 2- (3-D Analytical Signal) Method
2 6 0 1 ' 5 6 '' N
3 2 4 9 ' 5 1 '' E
0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 M e t e r s
2 5 4 9 ' 5 1 '' N
2 6 0 1 ' 5 6 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 2 7 '' E
3 2 4 9 ' 5 1 '' E
2 5 5 7 ' 5 6 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 2 7 '' E
0
0 . 0 5
0 . 1
0 . 1 5
0 . 2
0 . 2 5
18. the basement relief map of magnetic land survey data
in n T
M e t e r s0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0
2 6 0 1 ' 5 6 '' N
3 2 4 9 ' 5 1 '' E
2 5 4 9 ' 5 1 '' N
2 6 0 1 ' 5 6 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 2 7 '' E
3 2 4 9 ' 5 1 '' E
2 5 5 7 ' 5 6 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 2 7 '' E
1 0 0 0
1 2 5 0
1 5 0 0
1 7 5 0
In M e t e r
D e e p
S h a llo w
19. 3- Euler Deconvolution Method
Map of Euler Deconvolution of Magnetic steps "faults & Dykes".
20. 4-Two- Dimensional Modeling Techniques
- 2 0
5
3 0
5 5
8 0
in n T
M e t e r s0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0
2 6 0 1 ' 5 6 '' N
3 2 4 9 ' 5 1 '' E
2 5 4 9 ' 5 1 '' N
2 6 0 1 ' 5 6 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 2 7 '' E
3 2 4 9 ' 5 1 '' E
2 5 5 7 ' 5 6 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 2 7 '' E
A
A '
B B '
RTP land survey magnetic anomaly map, showing location of the selected
profiles for depth calculation
21. Magnetic Modeling Application
S e d im e n t a r y la y e r s
M o d e llin g m a g n e t ic d a t a
F ie ld m a g n e t ic d a t a
N o r t h S o u t h
B a s e m e n t c o m p le x ( 0 .0 0 4 9 c g s u n it )
S e d im e n t a r y la y e r s
M o d e l lin g m a g n e t ic d a t a
F ie ld m a g n e t i c d a t a
W e s t E a s t
B a s e m e n t c o m p le x ( 0 . 0 0 5 c g s u n it )
Two-dimension magnetic model along the profile A-A‘ & B-B’
22. 2 6 0 1 ' 5 6 '' N
3 2 4 9 ' 5 1 '' E
0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 M e t e r s
2 5 4 9 ' 5 1 '' N
2 6 0 1 ' 5 6 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 2 7 '' E
3 2 4 9 ' 5 1 '' E
2 5 5 7 ' 5 6 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 2 7 '' E
The structure trends analysis of the magnetic land survey data
23. As conclusions
• There are two major anomaly zones; the first one has generally low magnetic values having relatively
high relief, reflecting a major sedimentary basin that occurred in the northeastern part of the area.
This basin has a wide extension and probably extends further outside of the investigated area.
However, the remaining part of the study area is characterized by short wavelength anomalies
representing shallow to moderate basement.
• The Structural trend analyses have been applied for the shallow structural elements deduced from
the observed and residual land survey magnetic data. The interpreted fault and/or contact system are
statistically analyzed and plotted in the form of rose diagrams. These diagrams showed the major sets
of the trends, which are; (i) The NNW to SSE trends (Red Sea-Gulf of Suez trend)(i) The NNW to SSE trends (Red Sea-Gulf of Suez trend) representing the
most prevailing faulting direction in the studied area as the first order, and (ii) The NE to SW trend(ii) The NE to SW trend
(Aqab trend)(Aqab trend) this trend is significance in the residual anomaly trend, (iii) The ENE-WSW trend(iii) The ENE-WSW trend
(Aualitic)(Aualitic) is the third order trend. The oldest tectonic trends seem to be rejuvenated as related to the
opening of the Red Sea and the two gulfs.
• Depth estimationDepth estimation was carried out for the major selected anomalies of the RTP magnetic maps using
spectral analysis, in order to delineate the depth to basement. Moreover, the 3-D analytical
signal, Euler deconvoluation and two dimension modeling techniques have been applied to
estimate basement surface as well as structural deformations affecting the overlying sedimentary
section. The depth results obtained from the land magnetic survey area range from 1100 to 1860from 1100 to 1860
meter.meter. The means of these results were calculated and the basement relief map was constructed to
the area of study. This map was constructed to illustrate the paleo-topographic configuration of the
basement rocks that may be related to the predominant structural element shows that the depth to the
basement surface ranges from 1100 to 1860 meters.
• Therefore, it is concluded that there is no recent seismic activitiesno recent seismic activities in the area of study, this is directly
related and associated with the absent of the major and effected deep structures in the study and all
structural trends related to the affection of major trends to the surface .
25. Rock resistivity and Pore-water resistivity of the sand samples representing the
water-bearing Formation.
Water Salinity
(p.p.m)
Water Resistivity
(ohm-meter)
Formation Resistivity Factor
(ohm-meter)
Water Conductivity
(ohm-1
-meter-1
)
612 5.4 10.2 0.19
1002 4.2 9.92 0.24
1230 2.9 4.66 0.34
1700 2.4 5.47 0.42
2200 1.71 3.44 0.58
2300 1.65 3.57 0.61
A- True Resistivity Measurement
ρt = R.A/L
26. 0
2
4
6
8
10
12
0 1000 2000 3000
W ater Salinity(p.p.m)
RockResistivity(Ohmm)
Variation of true resistivity of sand with salinity of Saturating water
B-Evaluation of The Formation Factor
F=ρr / ρw
27. 0
2
4
6
8
10
12
0 2 4 6
Water Resistivity(ohm m)
RockResistivity(Ohmm)
The relation between the rock resistivity and the Pore-water resistivity of
water bearing formation
28. 0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
Water Salinity (P.P.m)
WaterConductivity(ohm-1meter-1)
The relation between water salinity and water Conductivity
Water Salinity
range
(ppm)
Rock
Resistivity
Range
(ohm.m)
Water
Quality
<1000 >9.92 Fresh
1000-5000 3.57-9.92 Brackish
>5000 <3.57 Saline
Ranges of resistivity for rocks saturated with water of different salinities
29. DATA PROCESSING ANDDATA PROCESSING AND
INTERPRETATION OFINTERPRETATION OF
RESISTIVITY AND TEM SURVEYRESISTIVITY AND TEM SURVEY
30. C e m e n t F a c to r y
2 6 0 1 ' 5 6 " N
3 2 4 9 ' 5 1 " E
2 6 0 1 ' 5 6 " N
3 2 5 6 ' 2 7 " E
2 5 5 7 ' 5 6 " N
3 2 4 9 ' 5 1 " E
2 5 5 7 ' 5 6 " N
3 2 5 6 ' 2 7 " E
3 93 83 7
3 63 5
3 4
3 3
3 23 1
3 0
2 9
2 8
2 72 62 5
2 4
2 3
2 22 12 0
1 9
1 8
1 71 6
1 51 41 3
1 2
1 1
1 0
9876
5
4
3
21A
A '
B
C
B '
C '
F '
FED
D '
E '
0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 M e t e r
V E S s it e
1 2 N u m b e r o f V E S & T E M
_ _ _ P r o f ile E lo n g a t e d
P r o f ile L it t e rA
_ _ _
T E M s it e
Location of TEM, VESes & its Profiles in the study area
31. 1- Qualitative Interpretation
A- Data of Vertical Electrical Sounding
Iso-Apparent Resistivity Contour Maps
• Show the different resistivity layers affected by the artificial electric
current passed through the ground.
• Define the faulting regions according to the specific anomalies of certain
real extension along given direction, which have maximum horizontal
electric resistivity gradients.
• Detect the silt layers and the saline water locations.
• Show the lateral variation along certain horizontal plane.
• Show the expected regions of the groundwater accumulation in the study
area.
• Outlining the geological and the hydro-geological picture of the study
area.
32. O h m m .
4 0 0
4 5 0
5 0 0
5 5 0
6 0 0
6 5 0
0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0
2 6 0 1 ' 5 6 " N
3 2 4 9 ' 5 1 " E
2 6 0 1 ' 5 6 " N
3 2 5 6 ' 2 7 " E
2 5 5 7 ' 5 6 " N
3 2 4 9 ' 5 1 " E
2 5 5 7 ' 5 6 " N
3 2 5 6 ' 2 7 " E
M e t e r
C e m e n t F a c to r y
Iso-apparent resistivity contour map for AB/2=1m
33. O h m m .
4 0
1 2 0
2 0 0
2 8 0
3 6 0
0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0
2 6 0 1 ' 5 6 " N
3 2 4 9 ' 5 1 " E
2 6 0 1 ' 5 6 " N
3 2 5 6 ' 2 7 " E
2 5 5 7 ' 5 6 " N
3 2 4 9 ' 5 1 " E
2 5 5 7 ' 5 6 " N
3 2 5 6 ' 2 7 " E
M e t e r
C e m e n t F a c t o r y
Iso-apparent resistivity contour map for AB/2=8m)
34. O h m m .
1 0
6 0
1 1 0
1 6 0
2 1 0
2 6 0
0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0
2 6 0 1 ' 5 6 " N
3 2 4 9 ' 5 1 " E
2 6 0 1 ' 5 6 " N
3 2 5 6 ' 2 7 " E
2 5 5 7 ' 5 6 " N
3 2 4 9 ' 5 1 " E
2 5 5 7 ' 5 6 " N
3 2 5 6 ' 2 7 " E
M e t e r
C e m e n t F a c t o r y
Iso-apparent resistivity contour map for AB/2=10m)
35. I n O h m .m
1 0
6 0
1 1 0
1 6 0
0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0
2 6 0 1 ' 5 6 " N
3 2 4 9 ' 5 1 " E
2 6 0 1 ' 5 6 " N
3 2 5 6 ' 2 7 " E
2 5 5 7 ' 5 6 " N
3 2 4 9 ' 5 1 " E
2 5 5 7 ' 5 6 " N
3 2 5 6 ' 2 7 " E
M e t e r
C e m e n t F a c t o r y
Iso-apparent resistivity contour map for AB/2=20m)
36. O h m m .
1 0 0
6 0 0
1 1 0 0
1 6 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0
2 6 0 1 ' 5 6 " N
3 2 4 9 ' 5 1 " E
2 6 0 1 ' 5 6 " N
3 2 5 6 ' 2 7 " E
2 5 5 7 ' 5 6 " N
3 2 4 9 ' 5 1 " E
2 5 5 7 ' 5 6 " N
3 2 5 6 ' 2 7 " E
M e t e r
C e m e n t F a c t o r y
Iso-apparent resistivity contour map for AB/2=140m)
37. O h m m .
1 5
4 0
6 5
9 0
0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0
2 6 0 1 ' 5 6 " N
3 2 4 9 ' 5 1 " E
2 6 0 1 ' 5 6 " N
3 2 5 6 ' 2 7 " E
2 5 5 7 ' 5 6 " N
3 2 4 9 ' 5 1 " E
2 5 5 7 ' 5 6 " N
3 2 5 6 ' 2 7 " E
M e t e r
C e m e n t F a c t o r y
Iso-apparent resistivity contour map for AB/2=200m)
38. O h m .m .
0 .2
1
1 .8
2 .6
3 .4
0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0
2 6 0 1 ' 5 6 " N
3 2 4 9 ' 5 1 " E
2 6 0 1 ' 5 6 " N
3 2 5 6 ' 2 7 " E
2 5 5 7 ' 5 6 " N
3 2 4 9 ' 5 1 " E
2 5 5 7 ' 5 6 " N
3 2 5 6 ' 2 7 " E
M e t e r
C e m e n t F a c t o r y
Iso-apparent resistivity contour map for AB/2=400m)
39. B- Data of TEM
Iso-Apparent multi-frequency electromagnetic Conductivity Contour Maps
1. Show the different Conductivity layers affected by the artificial
electromagnetic waves approved through the ground.
2. Describe the faulting regions according to the specific anomalies of
certain real extension along given direction, which have maximum
horizontal conductivity gradients.
3. Notice the silt layers and the saline water locations.
4. Illustrate the lateral variation along certain horizontal plane.
5. Explain the probable regions of the groundwater accumulation in the
study area.
6. Exactness the geological and the hydro-geological picture of the
study area.
41. From both TEM and VESes, the qualitative interpretation of abovementioned maps led to the following
conclusions:
1-The resemblance in the form of anomalies and the drifts of the contour lines for most of the created
maps for both techniques, especially the surface parts, gives an image about the homogeneity of the
area in its electrical properties
2-The surface layers in the study area exhibit a relatively high to middle resistivity values and low to
middle conductivity with high frequency "about 12525 Hz" that may be attributed to the nature of the
weathered rocks in such semi-arid regions covered with transported farm soil, such high values may
reflect mixed gravel, sand, and soil lithology.
3-The maps show a general increase in resistivity towards the eastern direction agrees with decrease
in conductivity, may be deciphered as due to the increase in the thickness of the probed formations
since the eastern part is localized in somewhat topographic high area.
4-The low resistivity values with high conductivity values encountered at apparent depths of a bout
AB/2=10 m and at moderately high frequency "about 10860 Hz". It may outline the nature of the clay
lenses that appeared in the shallow depths in some portions along the study area.
5-The high resistivity values with low conductivity values stumble upon at apparent depths of a bout
AB/2=140m and at about 8050 Hz. may outline the nature of the formation that mainly composed of
argillaceous limestone.
6-The low resistivity values with high conductivity values encountered at apparent depths of a bout
AB/2= 200m and at about 1735 Hz. may outline the nature of the formation containing water (as
constrained from the drilled water wells), where it is mainly composed of loose sands.
7-The very low resistivity values recorded at AB/2= 400 m apparent depth and at about 578 Hz" may
reflect the change in water quality or a change in formation lithology, where these values are very
characteristic of these causes.
42. QUANTITATIVE INTERPRETATION OF VESes and TEM DATA
The quantitative interpretation of the resistivity and TEM data for the present
study includes:
1. Interpretation of the vertical sounding curves manually at first using
master curves to reach at preliminary models for input to further
processing automatically using to “Zohdy’s technique 1989” and
“Resist’s software 1988”.
2. Interpretation of the Electromagnetic sounding curves automatically
using to “TEMIX XL's software 1996”.
3. Illustrating and analysis of the geoelectrical Cross-section, which
reflects the lithologic implications of the studied sections.
4. Preparing the Isopach maps of the groundwater bearing layers and its
depths.
43. Example for the interpretation of vertical electrical sounding No. 11 by Resist’s
software
51. As a conclusion, from both TEM and VESes soundings
• The range of resistivity and conductivity variation in each layer is narrow, and in
the case where wide variations do exist, it is met with a change in the
corresponding thickness and lithology.
• The range of thickness change is also narrow except in areas where the obtained
resistivity is low "High Conductivity".
• The study of the shallow section within the specified area reflects that, the shallow
section comprises four layers in most part and five layers in some parts of the
study area.
• The average maximum resistivity value obtained for the surface layer as will as
minimum conductivity value "with high frequency", where weathering products that
composed of boulders and stones derived from the nearly mountains are present.
• The resistivity values decrease gradually with the increase of depth and versa
reverse for conductivity values "with decrease in frequency".
• There is no evidence of presence either any remarkable structure interrupted the
lithologic continuity of the study area.
• Tow different lithological layers had been noted that appears in some places and
disappear in another, clay lens appears in some places “scattered sites” in the first
layer, and argillaceous limestone appears below the second layer in some places
”Northeast and East portions”.
52. • There are two main aquifers in the study area. The upper one is the fresh
water-bearing layer and the lower aquifer is the brackish to saline water
quality.
• Unmoral noted low resistivity value appeared in site of site No. 36 in both
VESes and TEM survey, so it should be studied by another tools to make
more details and explain this phenomenon. (Done by more detailed tools in
Chapters 6, 7, and 8)
• There’s a notable similarity between the qualitative interpretation and the
quantitative interpretation of both VES and TEM techniques, which previously
have been interpreted in part one.
53. DEPTH TO THE WATER-BEARING FORMATIONS
M e t e r
1 0
1 8
2 6
3 4
4 2
5 0
0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0
2 6 0 1 ' 5 6 " N
3 2 4 9 ' 5 1 " E
2 6 0 1 ' 5 6 " N
3 2 5 6 ' 2 7 " E
2 5 5 7 ' 5 6 " N
3 2 4 9 ' 5 1 " E
2 5 5 7 ' 5 6 " N
3 2 5 6 ' 2 7 " E
M e t e r
C e m e n t F a c t o r y
1-Depth of the fresh water aquifer contour map
54. M e t e r
4 0
5 0
6 0
7 0
8 0
9 0
0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0
2 6 0 1 ' 5 6 " N
3 2 4 9 ' 5 1 " E
2 6 0 1 ' 5 6 " N
3 2 5 6 ' 2 7 " E
2 5 5 7 ' 5 6 " N
3 2 4 9 ' 5 1 " E
2 5 5 7 ' 5 6 " N
3 2 5 6 ' 2 7 " E
M e t e r
C e m e n t F a c t o r y
2-Depth to the Saline water aquifer contour map
55. M e t e r
1 8
2 6
3 4
4 2
5 0
5 8
0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0
2 6 0 1 ' 5 6 " N
3 2 4 9 ' 5 1 " E
2 6 0 1 ' 5 6 " N
3 2 5 6 ' 2 7 " E
2 5 5 7 ' 5 6 " N
3 2 4 9 ' 5 1 " E
2 5 5 7 ' 5 6 " N
3 2 5 6 ' 2 7 " E
M e t e r
C e m e n t F a c t o r y
ISOPACH MAP OF FRESH WATER AQUIFER
65. 1-The interpreted Geoelectrical cross-sections suggest three-layer model at
four positions and four-layer model at the other ten positions.
2-The Geoelectrical layers were converted from the resistivity values into four
lithologic layers as:
A – Surface layer: clay (transported soil for agriculture activity)
B – Second layer: gravely sand -to-sand lithology
C – Third layer: argillaceous limestone.
D – Fourth layer “Filled-Gab”: very loose material “dust and factory wastes –
very low resistivity material”
3-there is palpable facts, from the R2D data, suggests that there is a gab had
been made and filled with material and according to the notted low values that
characterized it may be a dust and wastes of the cement factory that called
“BYBASS” that may caused lowing in resistivity values . this gab disturbances the
former sequence of the area (Fig. 6-5).
4- two edges of this gab had been detected by the R2D profiles but the other
edges are unknown and unlimited in the spot area.
5-The penetrated interface, which has been detected by R2D survey in the
study area, has depth values reach 24 m with Wenner array
66. 0 1 0 2 0
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
Z o n e ( B )
R 2 D d e t e c t e d a r e a
D e t e c t e d " F il le d - G a b " a r e a
F i l l e d - G a b
M e t e r
Classification of the rock material quality according to 2-D electrical
imaging survey in the study area, New Qeft City, Qena area.
68. 1 4
1 3
1 2
1 1
1 0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
1 2 0 m .
10m.
7
S p o t a r e a f o r S e i s m i c s u r v e y
S e i s m i c P r o f i l e
N u m b e r o f P r o f i l e
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
F ir s t Z o n e
S e c o n d
Z o n e
Spot area for Seismic Survey
72. 1-The interpreted Geoseismic cross-sections suggest three-layer model at
four positions and four-layer model at the other ten positions.
2-The Geoseismic layers were converted from the velocities values into four
lithologic layers as:
Top A – Surface layer: clay (transported covered agriculture soil)
B – Second layer: gravely sand-to-sand layer
C – Third layer: argillaceous limestone.
D –“Filled-Gab” : contains very material may
be (dust and factory wastes called “BYBASS” )
3-there is obvious evidence, from the seismic data, suggests that there is a
gab had been made and filled with very fine grains material and it may be consist
of a dust and wastes of the cement factory that called “BYBASS” . This gab is
disturbance of the former sequence of the area.
4- Two edges of this gab had been perceived by the seismic profiles but the
other edges are unknown and unlimited in the spot area.
5-The penetrated interface, which has been seismically detected in the study
area, has depth values vary from 23 m at the geophone site “4” of profile “3” to
27m at geophone “9” of profile “22”
74. First : Compressional (P-Waves) Velocity
4 2 0
4 3 0
4 4 0
4 5 0
4 6 0
4 7 0
4 8 0
4 9 0
5 0 0
5 1 0
5 2 0
5 3 0
5 4 0
0 1 0 2 0
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
M /S c
M e t e r
A map showing the distribution of P-wave velocity in the first layer in the
mark area.
75. 7 6 0
7 8 5
8 1 0
8 3 5
0 1 0 2 0
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
F ille d - G a b
m / s c
M e t e r
A map showing the distribution of P-wave velocity in the second layer
in the mark area
76. 1 1 0 0
1 1 5 0
1 2 0 0
1 2 5 0
0 1 0 2 0
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
M /S c
M e t e r
A map showing the distribution of P-wave velocity in the third layer in the mark area.
77. 3 7 0
4 1 0
4 5 0
0 1 0 2 0
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
F ille d - G a b
M /S c
M e t e r
A map showing the distribution of P-wave velocity in the “Filled-Gab”
in the mark area.
78. 2 1 9
2 2 0 . 5
2 2 2
2 2 3 . 5
2 2 5
2 2 6 . 5
0 1 0 2 0
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
M /S c
M e t e r
A map showing the distribution of S-wave velocity in the first layer
(agriculture soil) in the study area
79. 4 3 0
4 3 5
4 4 0
4 4 5
4 5 0
m /s c
0 1 0 2 0
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
F ille d - G a b
M e te r
A map showing the distribution of S-wave velocity in the second layer
in the study area
80. 2 3 0
2 5 0
m /s c
0 1 0 2 0
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
F ille d - G a b
M e te r
A map showing the distribution of S- wave velocity in the “Filled-Gab” in the study
area
86. 0 .5
1 .5
2 .5
3 .5
4 .5
5 .5
6 .5
7 .5
8 .5
9 .5
1 0 .5
1 1 .5
1 2 .5
M e t e r
0 1 0 2 0
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
M e t e r
Depth contour map to the second layer in the study area
87. 2 1
2 1 .2
2 1 .4
2 1 .6
2 1 .8
2 2
2 2 .2
2 2 .4
2 2 .6
2 2 .8
2 3
2 3 .2
2 3 .4
2 3 .6
2 3 .8
2 4
2 4 .2
2 4 .4
0 1 0 2 0
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
M e t e r
M e te r
Depth contour map to the third layer in the study area
88. 1 .3 4
1 .3 5
1 .3 6
1 .3 7
1 .3 8
1 .3 9
1 .4
1 .4 1
1 .4 2
1 .4 3
1 .4 4
1 .4 5
1 .4 6
1 .4 7
1 .4 8
1 .4 9
1 .5
M e t e r
0 1 0 2 0
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
F ille d - G a b
M e t e r
Depth contour map to the “Filled-Gab” in the study area
89. Inspection of the various maps drawn for the different layers reveals
that:
1-Both the change in the seismic velocityvelocity associated with each layer
and which is observed between the different layers is remarkable. Such
variation in velocities shows that the sequence is not constant allover the
study area. On the other hand, the limited variation of velocity with each
layer suggests an equivalent.
2-The irregular change in thickness and depthirregular change in thickness and depth characterize the
different layer over the study area. The pointed of sudden change of the
former parameters suggests an equivalent behavior in lithologylithology in for
individual layer and the uneven of disturbance associated with geologicalgeological
structuresstructures
92. 0 .3 1 5
0 .3 2
0 .3 2 5
0 .3 3
0 .3 3 5
0 .3 4
0 .3 4 5
0 .3 5
0 .3 5 5
0 .3 6
0 .3 6 5
0 .3 7
0 .3 7 5
0 .3 8
0 .3 8 5
0 .3 9
0 .3 9 5
0 .4
0 .4 0 5
0 1 0 2 0
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
M e t e r
A map showing the allotment of Poisson’s Ratio (σ) in the first layer
(transported soil for agriculture activity) in the study area.
93. 0 .2 5
0 .2 5 4
0 .2 5 8
0 .2 6 2
0 .2 6 6
0 .2 7
0 .2 7 4
0 .2 7 8
0 .2 8 2
0 .2 8 6
0 .2 9
0 .2 9 4
0 .2 9 8
0 1 0 2 0
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
F ille d - G a b
M e t e r
A map showing the allotment of Poisson’s Ratio (σ) in the second layer
in the study area.
94. 0 .1 7
0 .1 8
0 .1 9
0 .2
0 .2 1
0 .2 2
0 1 0 2 0
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
F ille d - G a bS e c o n d
L a y e r
M e t e r
A map showing the allotment of Poisson’s Ratio (σ) in the Filled-Gab in
the study area
95. 3 0 8
3 0 9
3 1 0
3 1 1
3 1 2
3 1 3
3 1 4
3 1 5
3 1 6
3 1 7
3 1 8
3 1 9
3 2 0
3 2 1
3 2 2
3 2 3
3 2 4
3 2 5
3 2 6
3 2 7
3 2 8
3 2 9
3 3 0
3 3 1
3 3 2
0 1 0 2 0
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
D y n / c m 2
M e t e r
A map showing the allotment of Kinetic Rigidity modulus (μ) in the
first layer (agriculture soil) in the study area
96. 1 4 1 0
1 4 2 0
1 4 3 0
1 4 4 0
1 4 5 0
1 4 6 0
1 4 7 0
1 4 8 0
1 4 9 0
1 5 0 0
1 5 1 0
1 5 2 0
1 5 3 0
1 5 4 0
1 5 5 0
1 5 6 0
1 5 7 0
1 5 8 0
1 5 9 0
1 6 0 0
D y n /c m 2
0 1 0 2 0
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
F ille d - G a b
M e te r
A map showing the allotment of Kinetic Rigidity modulus (μ) in the
second layer in the study area
97. 3 5 2
3 7 2
3 9 2
4 1 2
4 3 2
4 5 2
0 1 0 2 0
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
F ille d - G a bS e c o n d
L a y e r
D y n /c m 2
M e t e r
A map showing the allotment of Kinetic Rigidity modulus (μ) in the
Filled-Gab in the study area
98. 8 2 0
8 2 5
8 3 0
8 3 5
8 4 0
8 4 5
8 5 0
8 5 5
8 6 0
8 6 5
8 7 0
8 7 5
8 8 0
8 8 5
8 9 0
8 9 5
9 0 0
9 0 5
0 1 0 2 0
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
D y n /c m 2
M e te r
A map showing the allotment of Kinetic Young’s Modulus (E) in the
first layer (agriculture soil) in the study area
99. 3 5 0 0
3 5 5 0
3 6 0 0
3 6 5 0
3 7 0 0
3 7 5 0
3 8 0 0
3 8 5 0
3 9 0 0
3 9 5 0
4 0 0 0
D y n /c m 2
0 1 0 2 0
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
F ille d - G a b
M e t e r
) A map showing the allotment of Kinetic Young’s Modulus (E) in the
second layer in the study area
100. - 5 0
0
5 0
1 0 0
1 5 0
2 0 0
2 5 0
3 0 0
3 5 0
4 0 0
4 5 0
5 0 0
5 5 0
6 0 0
6 5 0
7 0 0
7 5 0
8 0 0
8 5 0
9 0 0
9 5 0
1 0 0 0
1 0 5 0
1 1 0 0
D y n /c m 2
0 1 0 2 0
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
F ille d - G a bS e c o n d
L a y e r
M e t e r
A map showing the allotment of Kinetic Young’s Modulus (E) in the
Filled-Gab of the study area
101. 7 0 0
7 5 0
8 0 0
8 5 0
9 0 0
9 5 0
1 0 0 0
1 0 5 0
1 1 0 0
1 1 5 0
1 2 0 0
1 2 5 0
1 3 0 0
1 3 5 0
1 4 0 0
1 4 5 0
0 1 0 2 0
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
D y n /c m 2
M e t e r
A map showing the allotment of Kinetic Bulk Modulus (K) in the first
layer (agriculture soil) of the study area
102. 2 5 5 0
2 6 0 0
2 6 5 0
2 7 0 0
2 7 5 0
2 8 0 0
2 8 5 0
2 9 0 0
2 9 5 0
3 0 0 0
3 0 5 0
3 1 0 0
3 1 5 0
3 2 0 0
D y n /c m 2
0 1 0 2 0
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
F ille d - G a b
M e te r
A map showing the allotment of Kinetic Bulk Modulus (K) in the
second layer of the study area
103. 4 3 0
4 8 0
5 3 0
5 8 0
D y n /c m 2
0 1 0 2 0
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
F ille d - G a bS e c o n d
L a y e r
M e te r
A map showing the allotment of Kinetic Bulk Modulus (K) in the Filled-Gab of the
study area
105. Cohesion less soil
N-values 0-10 11-30 31-50 >50
State Loose Medium Dense Very Dense
Cohesive soil
N-Value <4 4-6 6-15
16-
25
>25
State Very Soft Soft Medium Stiff Hard
106. 1 3 .6 5
1 3 .7 5
1 3 .8 5
1 3 .9 5
1 4 .0 5
1 4 .1 5
1 4 .2 5
1 4 .3 5
1 4 .4 5
1 4 .5 5
1 4 .6 5
1 4 .7 5
1 4 .8 5
1 4 .9 5
0 1 0 2 0
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
M e t e r
A map illustrate the distribution of the N- value in the first layer
(agriculture soil) of the study area
107. 9 9
1 0 0
1 0 1
1 0 2
1 0 3
1 0 4
1 0 5
1 0 6
1 0 7
1 0 8
1 0 9
1 1 0
1 1 1
1 1 2
1 1 3
1 1 4
1 1 5
0 1 0 2 0
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
F ille d - G a b
M e t e r
A map illustrate the distribution of the N- value in the second layer of
the study area
108. 1 6
1 7
1 8
1 9
2 0
2 1
2 2
2 3
0 1 0 2 0
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
F ille d - G a b
M e te r
A map illustrate the distribution of the N- value in the Filled-Gab of the study area
110. - 0 . 6 2
- 0 . 6
- 0 . 5 8
- 0 . 5 6
- 0 . 5 4
- 0 . 5 2
- 0 . 5
- 0 . 4 8
- 0 . 4 6
- 0 . 4 4
- 0 . 4 2
- 0 . 4
- 0 . 3 8
- 0 . 3 6
- 0 . 3 4
- 0 . 3 2
- 0 . 3
- 0 . 2 8
- 0 . 2 6
0 1 0 2 0
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
M e t e r
A map showing the distribution of The Material Index (ν) in the first
layer (agriculture soil) of the study area
111. - 0 .1 4
- 0 .1 3 5
- 0 .1 3
- 0 .1 2 5
- 0 .1 2
- 0 .1 1 5
- 0 .1 1
- 0 .1 0 5
- 0 .1
- 0 .0 9 5
- 0 .0 9
- 0 .0 8 5
- 0 .0 8
- 0 .0 7 5
- 0 .0 7
- 0 .0 6 5
- 0 .0 6
0 1 0 2 0
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
F ille d - G a b
M e t e r
A map showing the distribution of The Material Index (ν) in the
second layer of the study area.
112. 0 .1 9
0 .2
0 .2 1
0 .2 2
0 .2 3
0 .2 4
0 .2 5
0 .2 6
0 .2 7
0 .2 8
0 .2 9
0 1 0 2 0
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
F ille d - G a bS e c o n d
L a y e r
M e t e r
A map showing the distribution of The Material Index (ν) in the
Filled-Gab of the study area.
113. 3 .4 5
3 .5
3 .5 5
3 .6
3 .6 5
3 .7
3 .7 5
3 .8
3 .8 5
3 .9
3 .9 5
4
4 .0 5
4 .1
4 .1 5
4 .2
0 1 0 2 0
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
M e t e r
A map showing the distribution of Concentration Index (Ci) in the
first layer (Agriculture soil) of the study area
114. 4 .4
4 .4 4
4 .4 8
4 .5 2
4 .5 6
4 .6
4 .6 4
4 .6 8
4 .7 2
4 .7 6
4 .8
4 .8 4
4 .8 8
4 .9 2
4 .9 6
5
0 1 0 2 0
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
F ille d - G a b
M e t e r
A map showing the distribution of Concentration Index (Ci) in the
Second layer of the study area.
115. 5
5 .5
6
6 .5
7
0 1 0 2 0
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
F ille d - G a b
M e te r
A map showing the distribution of Concentration Index (Ci) in the
Filled-Gab of the study area
116. 0 .4 6
0 .4 7
0 .4 8
0 .4 9
0 .5
0 .5 1
0 .5 2
0 .5 3
0 .5 4
0 .5 5
0 .5 6
0 .5 7
0 .5 8
0 .5 9
0 .6
0 .6 1
0 .6 2
0 .6 3
0 .6 4
0 .6 5
0 .6 6
0 .6 7
0 1 0 2 0
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
M e t e r
A map showing the distribution of Stress Ratio (Si) in the first layer
(agriculture soil) of the study area
117. 0 .3 6
0 .3 6 5
0 .3 7
0 .3 7 5
0 .3 8
0 .3 8 5
0 .3 9
0 .3 9 5
0 .4
0 1 0 2 0
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
F ille d - G a b
M e t e r
A map showing the distribution of Stress Ratio (Si) in the second layer
of the study area.
118. - 0 .0 2
0
0 .0 2
0 .0 4
0 .0 6
0 .0 8
0 .1
0 .1 2
0 .1 4
0 .1 6
0 .1 8
0 .2
0 .2 2
0 .2 4
0 .2 6
0 1 0 2 0
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
F ille d - G a b
M e te r
A map showing the distribution of Stress Ratio (Si)
in the Filled-Gab of the study area
119. 4 .4 E - 0 0 6
4 .6 E - 0 0 6
4 .8 E - 0 0 6
5 E - 0 0 6
5 .2 E - 0 0 6
5 .4 E - 0 0 6
5 .6 E - 0 0 6
5 .8 E - 0 0 6
6 E - 0 0 6
6 .2 E - 0 0 6
6 .4 E - 0 0 6
6 .6 E - 0 0 6
6 .8 E - 0 0 6
7 E - 0 0 6
7 .2 E - 0 0 6
7 .4 E - 0 0 6
7 .6 E - 0 0 6
7 .8 E - 0 0 6
8 E - 0 0 6
8 .2 E - 0 0 6
8 .4 E - 0 0 6
8 .6 E - 0 0 6
8 .8 E - 0 0 6
0 1 0 2 0
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
M e t e r
A map showing the distribution of the Density Gradient (Di) in the
first layer (agriculture soil) of the study area
120. 2 .5 E - 0 0 6
2 .7 E - 0 0 6
2 .9 E - 0 0 6
3 .1 E - 0 0 6
0 1 0 2 0
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
F ille d - G a b
M e t e r
A map showing the distribution of the Density Gradient (Di) in the
second layer of the study area
121. 1 .1 5 E - 0 0 5
1 .2 5 E - 0 0 5
1 .3 5 E - 0 0 5
1 .4 5 E - 0 0 5
1 .5 5 E - 0 0 5
0 1 0 2 0
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
F ille d - G a b
M e t e r
A map showing the distribution of the Density Gradient (Di) in the
Filled-Gab of the study area
123. 4 0 8
4 1 0
4 1 2
4 1 4
4 1 6
4 1 8
4 2 0
4 2 2
4 2 4
4 2 6
4 2 8
4 3 0
4 3 2
4 3 4
4 3 6
4 3 8
4 4 0
4 4 2
4 4 4
4 4 6
4 4 8
4 5 0
0 1 0 2 0
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
K . P a
M e t e r
A map showing the distribution of the Ultimate Bearing Capacity (Qult)
in the first layer (Agriculture soil) of the study area
Qult = 10Qult = 10
2.932(log Vs-1.45)2.932(log Vs-1.45)
124. 2 9 8 0
3 0 0 5
3 0 3 0
3 0 5 5
3 0 8 0
3 1 0 5
3 1 3 0
3 1 5 5
3 1 8 0
3 2 0 5
3 2 3 0
3 2 5 5
3 2 8 0
3 3 0 5
3 3 3 0
3 3 5 5
3 3 8 0
K .P a
0 1 0 2 0
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
F ille d - G a b
M e t e r
A map showing the distribution of the Ultimate Bearing Capacity
(Qult) in the second layer of the study area.
125. 4 8 0
5 3 0
5 8 0
6 3 0
0 1 0 2 0
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
F ille d - G a b
M e t e r
A map showing the distribution of the Ultimate Bearing Capacity
(Qult) in the Filled-Gab of the study area
126. Qa = Qult / F
2 0 4
2 0 5
2 0 6
2 0 7
2 0 8
2 0 9
2 1 0
2 1 1
2 1 2
2 1 3
2 1 4
2 1 5
2 1 6
2 1 7
2 1 8
2 1 9
2 2 0
2 2 1
2 2 2
2 2 3
2 2 4
2 2 5
0 1 0 2 0
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
K .P a
M e t e r
A map showing the distribution of the Allowable Bearing Capacity (Qa)A map showing the distribution of the Allowable Bearing Capacity (Qa)
in the first layer (Agriculture soil) of the study areain the first layer (Agriculture soil) of the study area
127. 1 4 9 0
1 5 1 0
1 5 3 0
1 5 5 0
1 5 7 0
1 5 9 0
1 6 1 0
1 6 3 0
1 6 5 0
1 6 7 0
1 6 9 0
K .P a
0 1 0 2 0
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
F ille d - G a b
M e t e r
A map showing the distribution of the Allowable Bearing Capacity
(Qa) in the second layer of the study area.
128. 2 4 0
2 6 0
2 8 0
3 0 0
3 2 0
3 4 0
0 1 0 2 0
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
F ille d - G a b
K .P a
M e t e r
A map showing the distribution of the Allowable Bearing Capacity
(Qa) in the Filled-Gab of the study area
129. Mechanical
Properties
Surface layer Second Layer Gab-Filled
From To From To From To
Elastic moduli
Poisson’s ratio 0.32 0.40 0.27 0.29 0.17 0.2
Kinetic rigidity
modulus 308 330 1418 1555 352 432
Kinetic young’s
modulus 821 903 3590 3997 831 1038
Kinetic bulk
modulus 822 1442 2551 3098 432 577
N-value 13.6 15 99 112 16 22
Material
competence
Material index -0.60 -0.27 -0.14 -0.06 0.19 0.28
Concentration
index 3.5 4.15 4.50 4.77 5.98 6.57
Stress ratio 0.46 0.67 0.36 0.4 0.21 0.25
Density
gradient 4.45X10-6
8.62X10-6
2.48X10-6
2.98X10-6
1.15X10-5
1.51X10-5
Foundation
material
bearing
capacity
Ultimate
bearing
capacity
409 449 2987 3368 486 636
Allowable
bearing
capacity
204 224 1493 1684 243 318
130. M e t e r0 1 0 2 0
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 1 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 1 9 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
2 6 0 1 ' 2 1 '' N
3 2 5 6 ' 3 5 '' E
Z o n e " B "
S S R s u r v e y a r e a
Z o n e B " F il l e d - G a b "
Z o n e A
Classification of the foundation rock material quality for engineering
purposes according to the geotechnical characteristics in the study
area, New Qeft City, Qena
132. It is bounded by latitudes 25 57’ 56’’ and 26 01’ 56’’ N and longitudes 32’ 49’
51’’ and 32’ 56’ 27’’ E and covers a surface area of about 214 feddan, while the
next stages have ability of spreading out in the near future.
133. From Magnetic land surveyFrom Magnetic land survey
• There are two major anomaly zones; the first one has generally low magnetic values
having relatively high relief, reflecting a major sedimentary basin that occurred in the
northeastern part of the area. This basin has a wide extension and probably extends
further outside of the investigated area. However, the remaining part of the study area is
characterized by short wavelength anomalies representing shallow to moderate
basement.
• The Structural trend analyses have been applied for the shallow structural elements
deduced from the observed and residual land survey magnetic data. The interpreted fault
and/or contact system are statistically analyzed and plotted in the form of rose diagrams.
These diagrams showed the major sets of the trends, which are; (i) The NNW to SSE(i) The NNW to SSE
trends (Red Sea-Gulf of Suez trend)trends (Red Sea-Gulf of Suez trend) representing the most prevailing faulting direction in
the studied area as the first order, and (ii) The NE to SW trend (Aqab trend)(ii) The NE to SW trend (Aqab trend) this trend is
significance in the residual anomaly trend, (iii) The ENE-WSW trend (Aualitic)(iii) The ENE-WSW trend (Aualitic) is the third
order trend. The oldest tectonic trends seem to be rejuvenated as related to the opening of
the Red Sea and the two gulfs.
• Depth estimationDepth estimation was carried out for the major selected anomalies of the RTP magnetic
maps using spectral analysis, in order to delineate the depth to basement. Moreover,
the 3-D analytical signal, Euler deconvoluation and two dimension modeling
techniques have been applied to estimate basement surface as well as structural
deformations affecting the overlying sedimentary section. The depth results obtained from
the land magnetic survey area range from 1100 to 1860 meter.from 1100 to 1860 meter. The means of these
results were calculated and the basement relief map was constructed to the area of
study. This map was constructed to illustrate the paleo-topographic configuration of the
basement rocks that may be related to the predominant structural element shows that the
depth to the basement surface ranges from 1100 to 1860 meters.
• Therefore, it is concluded that there is no recent seismic activitiesno recent seismic activities in the area of study,
this is directly related and associated with the absent of the major and effected deep
structures in the study and all structural trends related to the affection of major trends to
the surface .
134. from both TEM and VESes soundings
• The range of resistivity and conductivity variation in each layer is narrow, and in
the case where wide variations do exist, it is met with a change in the
corresponding thickness and lithology.
• The range of thickness change is also narrow except in areas where the obtained
resistivity is low "High Conductivity".
• The study of the shallow section within the specified area reflects that, the shallow
section comprises four layers in most part and five layers in some parts of the
study area.
• The average maximum resistivity value obtained for the surface layer as will as
minimum conductivity value "with high frequency", where weathering products that
composed of boulders and stones derived from the nearly mountains are present.
• The resistivity values decrease gradually with the increase of depth and versa
reverse for conductivity values "with decrease in frequency".
• There is no evidence of presence either any remarkable structure interrupted the
lithologic continuity of the study area.
• Tow different lithological layers had been noted that appears in some places and
disappear in another, clay lens appears in some places “scattered sites” in the first
layer, and argillaceous limestone appears below the second layer in some places
”Northeast and East portions”.
135. • There are two main aquifers in the study area. The upper one is the fresh
water-bearing layer (Depth from 10 to 55m and thickness arrange from 18m to
60m) and the lower aquifer is the brackish to saline water quality (Depth from
40 to 100m).
• Unmoral noted low resistivity value appeared in site of site No. 36 in both
VESes and TEM survey, so it should be studied by another tools to make
more details and explain this phenomenon. (Should be done by more detailed
geophysical tools.
136. 1-The interpreted Geoelectrical cross-sections suggest three-layer model at
four positions and four-layer model at the other ten positions.
2-The Geoelectrical layers were converted from the resistivity values into four
lithologic layers as:
A – Surface layer: clay (transported soil for agriculture activity)
B – Second layer: gravely sand -to-sand lithology
C – Third layer: argillaceous limestone.
D – Fourth layer “Filled-Gab”: very loose material “dust and factory wastes –
very low resistivity material”
3-there is palpable facts, from the R2D data, suggests that there is a gab had
been made and filled with material and according to the noted low values that
characterized it may be a dust and wastes of the cement factory that called
“BYBASS” that may caused lowing in resistivity values . this gab disturbances the
former sequence of the area .
4- two edges of this gab had been detected by the R2D profiles but the other
edges are unknown and unlimited in the spot area.
5-The penetrated interface, which has been detected by R2D survey in the
study area, has depth values reach 24 m with Wenner array
from R2D imaging Data
137. 1-The interpreted Geoseismic cross-sections suggest three-layer model at
four positions and four-layer model at the other ten positions.
2-The Geoseismic layers were converted from the velocities values into four
lithologic layers as:
Top A – Surface layer: clay (transported covered agriculture soil)
B – Second layer: gravely sand-to-sand layer
C – Third layer: argillaceous limestone.
D –“Filled-Gab” : contains very material may
be (dust and factory wastes called “BYBASS” )
3-there is obvious evidence, from the seismic data, suggests that there is a
gab had been made and filled with very fine grains material and it may be consist
of a dust and wastes of the cement factory that called “BYBASS” . This gab is
disturbance of the former sequence of the area.
4- Two edges of this gab had been perceived by the seismic profiles but the
other edges are unknown and unlimited in the spot area.
5-The penetrated interface, which has been seismically detected in the study
area, has depth values vary from 23 m at the geophone site “4” of profile “3” to
27m at geophone “9” of profile “22”
From Shallow seismic refraction data
