This document presents a mathematical approach to simulate soil behavior under shallow compaction. The approach aims to estimate property improvements of soil under compaction and develop equations to design compaction procedures. It involves correlating soil properties to dry unit weight, calculating contact stresses from compaction equipment, and estimating property changes after each compactor pass by updating soil properties. Case studies showed good matches between the proposed approach and field measurements. Equations were developed to calculate minimum equipment characteristics, lift thickness, and passes needed to achieve desired soil properties.
Deep Dynamic Compaction and Rapid Impact Compaction Adopted to Treat Loose So...Hsuain
The current case study is concerning a facility located near Dammam, Saudi Arabia. The project consisted of three main categories
of design criteria to be achieved. It included nine Bearing Capacity and Settlement criteria for infinite, combined and isolated
foundations, Relative Density (Rd) criterion for Road/Open Areas and Liquefaction Risk Mitigation criterion for the entire site, which
encompassed an area of approximately 180,000m2. The allotted time for soil improvement works was limited to 6 months, due to the
project being of fast-track category. The soil profile was composed largely of granular material and the depth of improvement went
as deep as 10m. Both Dynamic Compaction and Rapid Impact Compaction are popular techniques in compacting granular material,
due to their high efficiency in achieving the design criteria and fast rate of improvement. The techniques are also cost-effective and
clean, in terms not requiring water nor electricity for operations compared to Vibro-Improvement counter techniques, proving to be
value-engineered options. The improvement area was segregated into three regions based on existing loose soils and fill compaction
requirements, wherein the techniques would be implemented independently or in combination with one another. The production
works lasted around 4.5 months. Post-Improvement Quality Control tests indicated the achievement of Design Criteria by a substantial
margin, exemplifying the efficiency of Deep Dynamic Compaction and Rapid Impact Compaction techniques in terms of achieving the
design criteria and a fast rate of production in operations.
Stone columns as a remedial solution to a compromised roller compaction activ...Hsuain
The current case study details stone columns construction carried out in response to a geological hazard event instigated
by an incompetent layer-by-layer roller compaction activity. The activity was carried out for substantially thick fill works of +10m
to +11m. The mentioned technique is a considerably conservative approach for fill compaction of such large thickness and the
failure occurred was quite unexpected. An extensive redesign of the location was planned which implied expensive construction
activity. A meticulous geotechnical engineer was able to identify the cause and a cost-effective solution for the area. The current
case study at its core exemplifies the importance of adequate quality control during any activity and the implications of neglecting
the same can have i.e. delays, costs and extensive remediation works. At the same time, the paper presents a case study with a
geological hazard associated with locally present collapsible soils in Riyadh, the risk they pose and the improvement undertaken
to mitigate the risk of future hazards.
Structural evaluation of low volume road pavements using pavement dynamic con...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Static and dynamic cone penetration tests are widely used in Foundation engineering for measuring the penetration resistance of the
ground and for relating it to the degree of compaction and safe bearing capacity of soils. In Highway Engineering, Pavement
Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP) is used for rapid in-situ strength evaluation of subgrade and other unbound pavement layers. In
the present studies, an attempt has been made to identify the strength and thickness of different pavement layers of newly constructed
low volume roads in the State of Karnataka, India using dynamic cone penetration studies and was compared with actual
measurements at the site. The evaluation of pavement test stretches was made for a period of two years, and changes in penetration
resistance of different pavement layers were measured. A Software was used to analyze the DCP data and to correlate with field
observation. The results have favoured the possibility of using dynamic cone penetrometer as a quality control and pavement
monitoring tool for low volume roads, eliminating the need for a Benkelman beam or a falling weight deflectometer.
Keywords: Pavement Dynamic Cone Penetrometer, CBR, Subgrade, Rural roads
Structural evaluation of low volume road pavements using pavement dynamic con...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Deep Dynamic Compaction and Rapid Impact Compaction Adopted to Treat Loose So...Hsuain
The current case study is concerning a facility located near Dammam, Saudi Arabia. The project consisted of three main categories
of design criteria to be achieved. It included nine Bearing Capacity and Settlement criteria for infinite, combined and isolated
foundations, Relative Density (Rd) criterion for Road/Open Areas and Liquefaction Risk Mitigation criterion for the entire site, which
encompassed an area of approximately 180,000m2. The allotted time for soil improvement works was limited to 6 months, due to the
project being of fast-track category. The soil profile was composed largely of granular material and the depth of improvement went
as deep as 10m. Both Dynamic Compaction and Rapid Impact Compaction are popular techniques in compacting granular material,
due to their high efficiency in achieving the design criteria and fast rate of improvement. The techniques are also cost-effective and
clean, in terms not requiring water nor electricity for operations compared to Vibro-Improvement counter techniques, proving to be
value-engineered options. The improvement area was segregated into three regions based on existing loose soils and fill compaction
requirements, wherein the techniques would be implemented independently or in combination with one another. The production
works lasted around 4.5 months. Post-Improvement Quality Control tests indicated the achievement of Design Criteria by a substantial
margin, exemplifying the efficiency of Deep Dynamic Compaction and Rapid Impact Compaction techniques in terms of achieving the
design criteria and a fast rate of production in operations.
Stone columns as a remedial solution to a compromised roller compaction activ...Hsuain
The current case study details stone columns construction carried out in response to a geological hazard event instigated
by an incompetent layer-by-layer roller compaction activity. The activity was carried out for substantially thick fill works of +10m
to +11m. The mentioned technique is a considerably conservative approach for fill compaction of such large thickness and the
failure occurred was quite unexpected. An extensive redesign of the location was planned which implied expensive construction
activity. A meticulous geotechnical engineer was able to identify the cause and a cost-effective solution for the area. The current
case study at its core exemplifies the importance of adequate quality control during any activity and the implications of neglecting
the same can have i.e. delays, costs and extensive remediation works. At the same time, the paper presents a case study with a
geological hazard associated with locally present collapsible soils in Riyadh, the risk they pose and the improvement undertaken
to mitigate the risk of future hazards.
Structural evaluation of low volume road pavements using pavement dynamic con...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Static and dynamic cone penetration tests are widely used in Foundation engineering for measuring the penetration resistance of the
ground and for relating it to the degree of compaction and safe bearing capacity of soils. In Highway Engineering, Pavement
Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP) is used for rapid in-situ strength evaluation of subgrade and other unbound pavement layers. In
the present studies, an attempt has been made to identify the strength and thickness of different pavement layers of newly constructed
low volume roads in the State of Karnataka, India using dynamic cone penetration studies and was compared with actual
measurements at the site. The evaluation of pavement test stretches was made for a period of two years, and changes in penetration
resistance of different pavement layers were measured. A Software was used to analyze the DCP data and to correlate with field
observation. The results have favoured the possibility of using dynamic cone penetrometer as a quality control and pavement
monitoring tool for low volume roads, eliminating the need for a Benkelman beam or a falling weight deflectometer.
Keywords: Pavement Dynamic Cone Penetrometer, CBR, Subgrade, Rural roads
Structural evaluation of low volume road pavements using pavement dynamic con...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Rice husk ash as a stabilizer in rammed earthijsrd.com
Rammed earth offers an economical and sustainable alternative to concrete. The problem like shrinkage, proper soil selection, low compressive strength, cracking, durability aspects is rammed earth construction. One way to address these problems is to stabilize rammed earth. The primary objective of this study is to make use of the RHA(waste material) with NS and understand its effects on the geotechnical properties, compressive strength & weathering. The proctor tests results indicates that with the increase in RHA percentage there was an increase in the Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) and reduction in the Maximum Dry Density (MDD). The cube compressive strength values decreased with subsequent addition of RHA to its maximum at 5% RHA. The deterioration is increases with increasing in RHA content
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF SUB SOIL PROFILE USING GIS IAEME Publication
In this paper, GIS technology integrates common database operation such as query and statistical analysis benefits offered by maps. This ability distinguish GIS from other information system and makes it valuable to a wide range of public and private enterprises for explaining events, predicting outcome and planning strategies. The soils at various places of the particular area are collected at the closest distance. QGIS open source software is used for mapping. We have collected samples from four places. From each place 6 KG of soil is collected. The current latitude and longitude position from where the samples are taken are located using GPS and are noted down. The Test was Carried on the Shear strength of the Soil are found by the Direct Shear Test, Bearing capacity of the Soil are found by the CBR(California Bearing Ratio, Permeability of the Soil are found by the Falling Head Flow Method for the Different Location.
The ultimate capacities of single piles utilized in ten projects in Basra-Iraq are
evaluated using: various interpretations of pile load test results; several static
methods based on site investigation programs; and the finite element method via
(PLAXIS-3D).For the well-behaved tests, it is realized that the load-settlement data
can be best fitted by a hyperbola. Accordingly, Rollberg method well-harmonizes the
test results and allows various interpretation methods to be applied on the
extrapolated curves. It is found that, the static methods spread over a wide range of
values. Finite element analyses exhibited good agreement to the measured values. It
produces failure loads, almost, similar to that obtained from Rollberg method. The
finite element analyses revealed local settlement of (0.6% - 1.8%) of the pile diameter
to mobilize the ultimate skin resistance.
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Scienceinventy
esearch Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
Evaluation of cbr using geosynthetics in soil layerseSAT Journals
Abstract In urban areas, the service life of pavement on weaker soil subgrade affected severely due to their high compressibility and plasticity behaviour. These soils possess less strength, CBR value and have high affinity to moisture content. Also the seasonal changes affects the soil properties adversely. Stabilization techniques using geo-synthetic materials for improving properties of these types of soft subgrades. To increase the sub grade soil strength and to reduce the thickness of flexible pavement, Geo-synthetics are increasingly used in wide variety of civil engineering applications. Geo- synthetics are the cost-effective ground modification materials which acts as a reinforcement and also increases the stability and bearing capacity of soil. Many researchers recommends the use of geo-synthetic material performs good results in soil stabilization. From this view, Evaluation has been made on poorly graded sand with the inclusion of go-grid, geo-textile and geo-composite materials between soil layers in different proportions. The CBR and shear parameters are determined for different combinations of subgrade thickness. The geo-engineering properties such as Atterberg limits, grain size distribution, compaction characteristics, and CBR value of poorly graded sand were evaluated and reported. To get the maximum California bearing ratio (CBR), the present study is put forward to understand the strength change in the soil with the addition of geo-synthetic materials. Such a study would be helpful in material selection based on site condition and strength gain along with economy. Keywords: Geo-synthetics, CBR, Strength, Economy.
Effect of Replacement Layers on Bearing Capacity of Silty Clay LayerIJAEMSJORNAL
Soil conditions often pose significant challenges for soil and foundation engineers engaged in construction projects. In response to these challenges, researchers and engineers have dedicated considerable efforts to developing solutions to construct on weak soil layers. The replacement layer is one of the most efficient and effective methods to increase the ultimate bearing capacity under foundation. There are many advantages for replacement layer using such as its low cost, material availability, easy construction, quick construction time, simple testing procedures. There is a few of studies that determine the actual values of the ultimate bearing capacity of replacement layers. Most research and studies focus on theoretical and mathematical values of the ultimate bearing capacity for foundations replacement layers. The site selected for this study was located in Al-Qalyubia Governorate. The use of replacement layers in this study indicated that there is an increase in the ultimate bearing capacity for the studied site. In addition to that, engineering properties of replacement layer and natural soil condition plays a role in the ultimate bearing capacity values.
Rice husk ash as a stabilizer in rammed earthijsrd.com
Rammed earth offers an economical and sustainable alternative to concrete. The problem like shrinkage, proper soil selection, low compressive strength, cracking, durability aspects is rammed earth construction. One way to address these problems is to stabilize rammed earth. The primary objective of this study is to make use of the RHA(waste material) with NS and understand its effects on the geotechnical properties, compressive strength & weathering. The proctor tests results indicates that with the increase in RHA percentage there was an increase in the Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) and reduction in the Maximum Dry Density (MDD). The cube compressive strength values decreased with subsequent addition of RHA to its maximum at 5% RHA. The deterioration is increases with increasing in RHA content
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF SUB SOIL PROFILE USING GIS IAEME Publication
In this paper, GIS technology integrates common database operation such as query and statistical analysis benefits offered by maps. This ability distinguish GIS from other information system and makes it valuable to a wide range of public and private enterprises for explaining events, predicting outcome and planning strategies. The soils at various places of the particular area are collected at the closest distance. QGIS open source software is used for mapping. We have collected samples from four places. From each place 6 KG of soil is collected. The current latitude and longitude position from where the samples are taken are located using GPS and are noted down. The Test was Carried on the Shear strength of the Soil are found by the Direct Shear Test, Bearing capacity of the Soil are found by the CBR(California Bearing Ratio, Permeability of the Soil are found by the Falling Head Flow Method for the Different Location.
The ultimate capacities of single piles utilized in ten projects in Basra-Iraq are
evaluated using: various interpretations of pile load test results; several static
methods based on site investigation programs; and the finite element method via
(PLAXIS-3D).For the well-behaved tests, it is realized that the load-settlement data
can be best fitted by a hyperbola. Accordingly, Rollberg method well-harmonizes the
test results and allows various interpretation methods to be applied on the
extrapolated curves. It is found that, the static methods spread over a wide range of
values. Finite element analyses exhibited good agreement to the measured values. It
produces failure loads, almost, similar to that obtained from Rollberg method. The
finite element analyses revealed local settlement of (0.6% - 1.8%) of the pile diameter
to mobilize the ultimate skin resistance.
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Scienceinventy
esearch Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
Evaluation of cbr using geosynthetics in soil layerseSAT Journals
Abstract In urban areas, the service life of pavement on weaker soil subgrade affected severely due to their high compressibility and plasticity behaviour. These soils possess less strength, CBR value and have high affinity to moisture content. Also the seasonal changes affects the soil properties adversely. Stabilization techniques using geo-synthetic materials for improving properties of these types of soft subgrades. To increase the sub grade soil strength and to reduce the thickness of flexible pavement, Geo-synthetics are increasingly used in wide variety of civil engineering applications. Geo- synthetics are the cost-effective ground modification materials which acts as a reinforcement and also increases the stability and bearing capacity of soil. Many researchers recommends the use of geo-synthetic material performs good results in soil stabilization. From this view, Evaluation has been made on poorly graded sand with the inclusion of go-grid, geo-textile and geo-composite materials between soil layers in different proportions. The CBR and shear parameters are determined for different combinations of subgrade thickness. The geo-engineering properties such as Atterberg limits, grain size distribution, compaction characteristics, and CBR value of poorly graded sand were evaluated and reported. To get the maximum California bearing ratio (CBR), the present study is put forward to understand the strength change in the soil with the addition of geo-synthetic materials. Such a study would be helpful in material selection based on site condition and strength gain along with economy. Keywords: Geo-synthetics, CBR, Strength, Economy.
Effect of Replacement Layers on Bearing Capacity of Silty Clay LayerIJAEMSJORNAL
Soil conditions often pose significant challenges for soil and foundation engineers engaged in construction projects. In response to these challenges, researchers and engineers have dedicated considerable efforts to developing solutions to construct on weak soil layers. The replacement layer is one of the most efficient and effective methods to increase the ultimate bearing capacity under foundation. There are many advantages for replacement layer using such as its low cost, material availability, easy construction, quick construction time, simple testing procedures. There is a few of studies that determine the actual values of the ultimate bearing capacity of replacement layers. Most research and studies focus on theoretical and mathematical values of the ultimate bearing capacity for foundations replacement layers. The site selected for this study was located in Al-Qalyubia Governorate. The use of replacement layers in this study indicated that there is an increase in the ultimate bearing capacity for the studied site. In addition to that, engineering properties of replacement layer and natural soil condition plays a role in the ultimate bearing capacity values.
Heavy duty pavements are pavements subjected to the extremely heavy wheel loads associated with freight handling vehicles in industrial facilities, such as container terminals and warehouses. Heavy duty pavement need to handle many types of freight handling vehicles, such as forklifts, straddle carriers, gantry cranes and side loaders. Heavy duty pavement often deals with slow moving or even static traffic load with ultra high load magnitude. Furthermore, the load wandering for heavy duty pavement such as contain port or warehouse is more significant than normal highway or urban road pavement. The goal of pavement design is to determine the number, material composition and thickness of the different layers within a pavement structure required to accommodate a given loading regime.
Heavy duty pavements are pavements subjected to the extremely heavy wheel loads associated with freight handling vehicles in industrial facilities, such as container terminals and warehouses. Heavy duty pavement need to handle many types of freight handling vehicles, such as forklifts, straddle carriers, gantry cranes and side loaders. The purpose of pavement design is to determine the number, material composition and thickness of different layers within a pavement structure required to accommodate a given loading condition.
10 simple mathematical approach for granular fill Ahmed Ebid
improving soil parameters using dynamic
compaction of was intensively studied by many researchers since
1980’s. Earlier researchers depended on statistical analysis of
many case studies and soil dynamic principals to develop
empirical formula used in designing dynamic compaction
procedure. Recent researchers used different finite element
models to describe the behavior of soil under dynamic
compaction; those models varied between 1-D simple model and
up to 3-D sophisticated ones. The aim of this research is to
introduce a simple mathematical approach to simulate ground
deformations and soil parameters improvement due to dynamic
compaction. The proposed approach consists of two equations, the
1st one used to calculate the ground settlement due to one temper
drop, the 2nd one used to calculate the updated soil parameters
due to the ground settlement from the previous drop. By applying
the two equations successively, both ground settlement and soil
parameters improvement could be calculated after each tamper
drop. The proposed approach was applied on four case studies and
its results were so close to measured ones. The proposed approach
could be used in designing or testing the dynamic compaction
procedures and also in monitoring the quality of execution by
comparing the measured settlement after each drop with
calculated one.
Evaluating 2D numerical simulations of granular columns in level and gently s...Mahir Badanagki, Ph.D.
The response of a layered liquefiable soil profile, with granular columns as a mitigation strategy, was evaluated via numerical and centrifuge modeling. Comparisons were made for a level site containing a single granular column and for a pair of gentle slopes, one of which was mitigated with a network of dense granular columns. The results reveal the abilities and limitations of two state-of-the-art soil constitutive models. All simulations were performed in 2-dimensions using: 1) the pressure-dependent, multi-yield-surface, plasticity-based soil constitutive model (PDMY02); and 2) the bounding surface, plasticity-based, Manzari-Dafalias (M-D) soil constitutive model, both implemented in OpenSees. Numerical model parameters were previously calibrated via element testing. Both constitutive models under-predicted PGA near the surface at different distances from the granular column, but they better predicted spectral accelerations at periods exceeding 0.5 s (particularly M-D). The M-D model generally predicted seismic settlements well, while PDMY02 notably underestimated soil's volumetric compressibility and strains. Both models accurately predicted the peak value and generation of excess pore pressures during shaking for the unmitigated slope, leading to a successful prediction of lateral deformations. However, lateral movement of the treated slope was poorly predicted by both models due to inaccuracies in predicting the dissipation rate in the presence of drains. Both models came close to predicting the performance of gently sloping, liquefiable sites when untreated. But further advances are required to better predict the rate of excess pore pressure dissipation and seismic performance when the slope is treated with granular columns.
Physical Modelling Of Improving Bearing Capacity For Foundations By Geo FabricsIOSR Journals
The objective of the research paper is to develop a new model by which we can improve the bearing
capacity of foundation by using geo fabrics. The primary design concerns for a foundation engineer are bearing
capacity and settlement. The soil reinforcement technique of the geo synthetic has been taken into account for
developing such a model that can be used to reduce excessive settlements on soft soils and prevent the
foundation from failing. Hence, this paper summarizes the physical and numerical simulation to verify the
results to enhance the performance of the foundation.
17 decision support system for optimum soft clay improvement techniqueAhmed Ebid
Identifying a soft clay improvement strategy is a main challenging in highway construction projects due
to the various conditions involved. Hence, the objective of this paper is to present a Decision Support
System (DSS) to select the optimum soft clay improvement technique for this type of projects. Value
Engineering (VE) is integrated with Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) for the proposed (DSS). Using
the AHP provides a robust means of identifying the relative importance of any criteria or factors for soft
clay improvement alternatives. The scope of this study includes four of the most commonly used techniques
for soft clay improvement: soil replacement, pre-loading, vertical drains, and the construction
of embankments on piles. The proposed methodology was verified using four case studies of highways
under construction in northern Egypt. The results show that the proposed (DSS) successfully predicted
the optimum soft clay improvement technique in three out of the four cases.
Predicting (Nk) factor of (CPT) test using (GP): Comparative Study of MEPX & GN7Ahmed Ebid
Static cone penetration test (CPT) is a broadly satisfactory and dependable geotechnical in-situ apparatus that gives brisk and honest substantial measure of data about soil classification, stratification and properties. Un-drained shear strength of clay (cu) is one of the principle soil parameters that could be sensibly evaluated from the (CPT) results, as it is specifically connected to the tip resistance through the experimental cone factor (Nk). Earlier researches showed that (Nk) value depends on type of soil, nature and stress history conditions and many other variables. Construction development in some locations with thick deposits of soft to very soft clays motivates extensive researches to define the reasonable value of the (Nk) factor for such types of clay. The performed study concentrated on utilizing the genetic programming technique (GP) to predict (Nk) value of clay using the consistency limits that can be easily determined in the laboratory. A set of 102 records were gathered from the CPT site investigations and corresponding consistency limits and other physical properties experiments, were divided into training set of 72 records and validation set of 30 records. Both (GN7) & (MEPX) software were used to apply (GP) on the available data. Four trials for each software with different chromosome lengths were performed to correlate the (Nk) factor with the clay consistency limits, water content (wc) and unit weight (γ) using training data set, then, the produced relations were tested using the validation data set. The four generated formulas using (GN7) showed accuracies ranging between 93% and 97% and coefficient of determination (R2) ranging between 0.7 and 0.9, while the other four formulas form (MEPX) showed accuracy not exceeding 95% and coefficient of determination (R2) ranging between 0.45 and 0.75.
15 experimental study for strengthening of rc rectangular columns with anchor...Ahmed Ebid
Debonding between CFRP sheets and concrete surface is one of the most important modes of failure. The common solution to
prevent this mode of failure is to extend the CFRP sheets by enough length to avoid debonding. A more advanced technique is to anchor the CFRP sheets to the concrete element using either steel or CFRP anchors. The aim of this research is to study the effect of using CFRP anchors on the capacity of concentric and eccentric RC columns. In order to achieve that goal, ten specimens of RC columns divided into two sets were tested. The first set was tested under concentric load, while the other set was tested under eccentric load. Each set had one control sample, while the other four samples were wrapped with CFRP bands. Two of the wrapped samples were anchored and the others were not. The spacing between CFRP wraps was varied between 80 and 200 mm. The results showed that the concentric and eccentric capacity of the sample increased with decreasing the spacing between CFRP bands as long as the eccentricity is small enough to cause
compression failure mode. But for samples with tension failure caused by large eccentricity, the CFRP bands have no effect on the capacity. It was also noted that anchors have no significant effect on the axial capacity of the samples
This research work mainly investigates the local production of 12 built up GFRP I-beams using Hand Lay-Up production method (since up-till now there is no pultrusion industry in Egypt). Overall strength characteristics of these beams will determined experimentally and compared to those manufactured by the Pultrusion process. This comparison will help to estimate to how extent the locally manufactured beams (by Hand Lay-Up technique) can be used in full permanent structures (like pultruded beams) or at least used in light and temporary structures. In order to achieve this goal, the experimental study was divided into two stages: The first stage is to manufacture GFRP plates using glass fibers and polyester. Two types of plates were produced one for flange plates and the other for web plates. These two types of plates are different in fibers orientation of different layers within the plate thickness in order to reach the possible higher tensile and flexural strength for flange plates and possible higher shear strength for web plates. Longitudinal and transverse tensile, compressive, and flexural strength for these two types of plates were experimentally determined using coupons tests. The second stage is to produce built-up GFRP I-beams using the aforementioned plates and composite angles. The overall stiffness and modes of failure of these beams were experimentally determined. The obtained results were compared with those of pultruded I-beams manufactured in the United States by pultrusion process. Also three different connecting methods for the 12 tested beams were investigated, namely: Bonding – Bolting – Bolting/Bonding connecting techniques. Of course it is expected that some local fabrication parameters (like fiber and polymer properties available in the local market, labour, temperature, polymer curing …etc) are expected to affect the properties of the fabricated beams specially that these beams are manufactured manually.
Image compression using genetic programmingAhmed Ebid
The fast growth in digital image applications such as web sites, multimedia and even personal image archives encouraged researchers to develop advanced techniques to compress images. Many compression techniques where introduced whether reversible or not. Most of those techniques were based on statistical analysis of repetition or mathematical transforming to reduce the size of the image. This research is concerning in applying Genetic programing (GP) technique in image compression. In order to achieve that goal, a parametric study was carried out to determine the optimum combination of (GP) parameters to achieve maximum quality and compression ratio. For simplicity the study considered 256 level gray scale image. A special C++ software was developed to carry out all calculations, the compressed images was rendered using Microsoft Excel. Study results was compared with JPEG results as one of the most popular lossy compression techniques. It is concluded that using optimum (GP) parameters leads to acceptable quality (objectively and subjectively) corresponding to compression ratio ranged between 2.5 and 4.5.
optimum alternative to reduce column size considering behavior and cost impac...Ahmed Ebid
The increasing of high raise and heavy industrial construction industry causes increasing in structural columns loads and
accordingly their cross sections, on other hand; architectural and mechanical requirements limit the available spaces for
columns. Commonly, three alternatives are used to reduce column size to fit into the available space with same axial capacity,
the first is to use higher concrete strength, the second is to use composite column (enclosed or in-filled) and the third is to use
high strength steel column. In this research, a parametric study is carried out to figure out the impact of each alternative on
the structural behavior and direct cost of the project. The study is based on average materials, labor and equipment rates in
USA in 2016. Study results indicated that optimum alternative is to use higher concrete strength up to 1.4 times the concrete
strength of floors beyond this limit, composite column (enclosed or in-filled) is recommended. Finally high strength steel
column is the only alternative for very compacted columns.
Prediction of soil liquefaction using genetic programmingAhmed Ebid
DOI: 10.13140/2.1.2034.4644
In most geotechnical problems, it is too difficult to predict soil and structural behavior accurately, because of the large variation in soil parameters and the assumptions of numerical solutions. But recently many geotechnical problems are solved using Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques, by presenting new solutions or developing existing ones. Genetic Programming, (GP), is one of the most recently developed (AI) techniques based on Genetic Algorithm (GA) technique. In this research, GP technique is utilized to develop prediction criteria for liquefaction phenomena in cohesivless soils using collected historical records. The liquefaction formula is developed using special software written by the authors in "Visual C++" language. The accuracy of the developed formula was also compared with earlier prediction methods.
Prediction of uplift capacity using genetic programmingAhmed Ebid
DOI: 10.13140/2.1.3107.6163
In most geotechnical problems, it is too difficult to predict soil and structural behavior accurately, because of the large variation in soil parameters and the assumptions of numerical solutions. But recently many geotechnical problems are solved using Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques, by presenting new solutions or developing existing ones. Genetic Programming, (GP), is one of the most recently developed (AI) techniques based on Genetic Algorithm (GA) technique. In this research, GP technique is utilized to develop prediction criteria for uplift capacity of shallow foundations using collected historical records. The uplift capacity formula is developed using special software written by the authors in "Visual C++" language. The accuracy of the developed formula was also compared with earlier prediction methods.
Theoretical study for r.c. columns strengthened with gfrp with different main...Ahmed Ebid
DOI: 10.13140/2.1.3631.9041
It becomes a common practice to strength and repair reinforced concrete columns by wrapping them with GFRP sheets. The aim of this research is to develop a formula to describe the relation between the gain of strength of reinforced concrete square columns, their longitudinal reinforcement and number of warped layers of GFRP sheets. The research is based on simulating loading tests of a set of 12 reinforced concrete columns with different reinforcement ratios and different number of warped layers of GFRP sheets using ANSYS software. The outputs of the ANSYS models are verified using experimental tests results carried out by the author in earlier research. The results of the study are used to develop a proposed formula to correlate the axial capacity of the warped square RC column with its reinforcement ratio and the confining stress caused by the sheets. Values from both proposed formula design and formula of Egyptian Code of Practice (ECP) are compared with ANSYS outputs and experimental results. The final conclusion is that gained strength due to confining equals to (confining stress / Fcu)
Optimum replacement depth to control heave of swelling claysAhmed Ebid
The behavior of unsaturated swelling soils under changing of moisture content was intensively studied by many researchers since the 1950’s. Many proposed formulas and techniques were used to classify, describe and predict the swelling behavior and parameters of such type of soil. On the other hand, many techniques are used to allow structures to be founded on swelling soils without suffering any damages due to the soil heave. Replacing the swelling soil with granular mixture is one of the most famous and cheapest techniques especially in case of light structures on shallow layer of swelling soil. The aim of this research is to develop a simplified formula to estimate the heave of swelling soil considering the effect of replaced layer. The developed formula is used to estimate the required replacement depth to avoid damage due to excessive heave.
Optimum penetration depth of cantilever sheet pile walls in dry granular soil Ahmed Ebid
in Cantilevered sheet
pile walls are commonly used in shoring systems of deep excavation down to about 5.00 m. The most common design procedure for this type
of flexible retaining structures is to determine the required penetration depth for stability and then increasing the calculated penetration
depth by 20% to 40% to achieve a factor of safety of about 1.5 to 2.0. This procedure has two disadvantages; first, the procedure does not
give accurate values for penetration depth or corresponding factor of safety, second, it ignores the effect of uncertainty in the used
geotechnical parameters. The first aim of this study is to overcome those two disadvantages by introduce an alternative formula to
determine the optimum penetration depth of cantilever sheet pile walls in dry granular soil based on reliability analysis concept, while, the
second aim is to study the impact of using the optimum depth on the cost of the shoring system. The study results assure the validity of
provision of increasing the calculated penetration depth by (20% to 40%) and introduced a formula to calculate the required penetration
depth to achieve probability of failure of 0.1% and proved that using this optimum depth can reduce the direct cost of the shoring system by
5% to 10% based on internal friction angle of soil.
Estimating the economic quantities of different concrete slab typesAhmed Ebid
DOI: 10.15680/IJIRSET.2015.0405002
The economy of the structural design of reinforced concrete buildings is usually evaluated by comparing
the concrete volume per unit area and rebar weight per unit volume with certain empirical values depending on the type
of the structure and the past experience of the judging engineer. The aim of this paper is to refine those empirical values
and give that past experience the required scientific base. In order to achieve that goal, simplified methods of design
that stated in most of reinforced concrete design codes are used to figure out the required quantities of concrete and
reinforcement steel for different structural elements and types. Some reasonable assumptions are used to facilitate the
mathematical formulas to be usable and presentable. Produced formulas are accurate enough to be used in rough
estimation of concrete and rebar quantities, check quantity surveying results and evaluate the economy of the structural
design
Simplified approach to consider cracking effect on the behavior of laterally ...Ahmed Ebid
DOI: 10.15680/IJIRSET.2015.0410015
Laterally loaded pile is a famous case of soil-structure interaction problem which was intensively studied by many researchers before. The techniques used to predict the behavior of laterally loaded piles were developed with increasing of the available computational capabilities from closed mathematical formulas to finite differences technique and finally linear finite elements technique. Recently, very sophisticated 3D elasto-plastic non-linear finite element models were used to accurately predict that behavior. Unfortunately, those sophisticated models are too complicated to be used in practical design. Hence, the aim of this research is to introduce a much simpler and practical approach to predict the behavior of the laterally loaded concrete piles considering the nonlinear effect of concrete cracking. Special calculating tool based on finite elements is developed to carry out a parametric study of the behavior of a set of 24 piles with different aspect ratios, reinforcement ratios, relative stiffness and head constrains. The validity of the calculating tool is checked against case history field tests. The results of the parametric study show three different failure modes according to the flexibility of the pile. Comparing the results with the formulas of ECP (202/4) shows the matching in the ultimate lateral capacity, while the ultimate lateral deformations are about (127 to 132%) of the code prediction.
Application of risk analysis in uplift foundationAhmed Ebid
DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.1.2153.7766
The development of statistics and probability puts The expression (Probability of failure ) instead of ( Factor of safety) in most stability problems in geotechnical field, because it takes into consideration the non-uniformity of soil parameters as random variables since to obey the probability rules, which known as (Risk Analysis Theory).
So using this method to analyze the stability problems gives more accurate results than the conventional method of factor of safety.
This research is concerned with applying lhe risk analysis theory in case of uplift. foundations. The considered types of foundations are:
• Pad and chimney
• Tension piles
• Anchors
The aim of this thesis is to recommend the most suitable method and evaluate the corresponding factor of safety to predict the capacity of uplift foundation according to soil conditions and target probability of failure.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
An Approach to Detecting Writing Styles Based on Clustering Techniquesambekarshweta25
An Approach to Detecting Writing Styles Based on Clustering Techniques
Authors:
-Devkinandan Jagtap
-Shweta Ambekar
-Harshit Singh
-Nakul Sharma (Assistant Professor)
Institution:
VIIT Pune, India
Abstract:
This paper proposes a system to differentiate between human-generated and AI-generated texts using stylometric analysis. The system analyzes text files and classifies writing styles by employing various clustering algorithms, such as k-means, k-means++, hierarchical, and DBSCAN. The effectiveness of these algorithms is measured using silhouette scores. The system successfully identifies distinct writing styles within documents, demonstrating its potential for plagiarism detection.
Introduction:
Stylometry, the study of linguistic and structural features in texts, is used for tasks like plagiarism detection, genre separation, and author verification. This paper leverages stylometric analysis to identify different writing styles and improve plagiarism detection methods.
Methodology:
The system includes data collection, preprocessing, feature extraction, dimensional reduction, machine learning models for clustering, and performance comparison using silhouette scores. Feature extraction focuses on lexical features, vocabulary richness, and readability scores. The study uses a small dataset of texts from various authors and employs algorithms like k-means, k-means++, hierarchical clustering, and DBSCAN for clustering.
Results:
Experiments show that the system effectively identifies writing styles, with silhouette scores indicating reasonable to strong clustering when k=2. As the number of clusters increases, the silhouette scores decrease, indicating a drop in accuracy. K-means and k-means++ perform similarly, while hierarchical clustering is less optimized.
Conclusion and Future Work:
The system works well for distinguishing writing styles with two clusters but becomes less accurate as the number of clusters increases. Future research could focus on adding more parameters and optimizing the methodology to improve accuracy with higher cluster values. This system can enhance existing plagiarism detection tools, especially in academic settings.
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Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Online aptitude test management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
The purpose of on-line aptitude test system is to take online test in an efficient manner and no time wasting for checking the paper. The main objective of on-line aptitude test system is to efficiently evaluate the candidate thoroughly through a fully automated system that not only saves lot of time but also gives fast results. For students they give papers according to their convenience and time and there is no need of using extra thing like paper, pen etc. This can be used in educational institutions as well as in corporate world. Can be used anywhere any time as it is a web based application (user Location doesn’t matter). No restriction that examiner has to be present when the candidate takes the test.
Every time when lecturers/professors need to conduct examinations they have to sit down think about the questions and then create a whole new set of questions for each and every exam. In some cases the professor may want to give an open book online exam that is the student can take the exam any time anywhere, but the student might have to answer the questions in a limited time period. The professor may want to change the sequence of questions for every student. The problem that a student has is whenever a date for the exam is declared the student has to take it and there is no way he can take it at some other time. This project will create an interface for the examiner to create and store questions in a repository. It will also create an interface for the student to take examinations at his convenience and the questions and/or exams may be timed. Thereby creating an application which can be used by examiners and examinee’s simultaneously.
Examination System is very useful for Teachers/Professors. As in the teaching profession, you are responsible for writing question papers. In the conventional method, you write the question paper on paper, keep question papers separate from answers and all this information you have to keep in a locker to avoid unauthorized access. Using the Examination System you can create a question paper and everything will be written to a single exam file in encrypted format. You can set the General and Administrator password to avoid unauthorized access to your question paper. Every time you start the examination, the program shuffles all the questions and selects them randomly from the database, which reduces the chances of memorizing the questions.