The document explains the order of operations, PEMDAS, which stands for parentheses, exponents, multiplication, division, addition, and subtraction. It provides examples of how to use PEMDAS to solve equations step-by-step in the proper order. PEMDAS is a mnemonic device to help remember the correct order: parentheses first, then exponents, multiplication and division from left to right, and finally addition and subtraction from left to right.