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Polymers
Polymer can be classified in several ways:
1. By origin - natural polymers are isolated from nature, semi-synthetic are modified natural polymers, and synthetic are made entirely in a lab.
2. By structure - linear polymers have straight chains while cross-linked polymers have a 3D network structure.
3. By application - fibers have strength from hydrogen bonding and are crystalline, plastics are shaped by heat/pressure, and elastomers are rubbery and amorphous.
piezoelectricity and its application
This document provides an overview of piezoelectricity including its history, internal working, materials, effects, and applications. It describes how certain crystals produce an electric charge when mechanically stressed (direct piezoelectric effect) or change shape when exposed to an electric field (reverse effect). Common piezoelectric materials include quartz, ceramics, and polymers. The document outlines key piezoelectric applications such as sensors, actuators, generators, and transducers used in devices like lighters, microphones, and medical equipment.
Future prospects of nanotechnology innovations in livestock production 2019 "...
Future prospects of nanotechnology innovations in livestock production 2019 "...Alexandria University
Future prospects of nanotechnology innovations in animal production
Ahmed Abdel-Megeed
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Saba Basha, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21531, Egypt
Corresponding author: ahmedabdelfattah@alexu.edu.eg
Abstract
Nanotechnology is a great innovation that is revolutionizing the agricultural practices. It is a science that works at the nanoscale and provides many benefits. In this review, the fundamental concepts of nanotechnology are clarified, focusing on its primary applications and a health and environment risk assessment especially in livestock production. There is currently a lack of reliable, cost-effective diagnostic tests for early detection of diseases in farmed livestock animals. Biosensing technologies have the potential to address these problems by developing innovative diagnostic tools for the rapid detection of key health threats within the agri-food livestock sector. It also allows for greater product innovation, with the creation of new food ingredients or supplements with nanoencapsulation or nanoemulsions, achieving a slow release of some composites, or perhaps obtaining healthier foods through the improvement of organoleptic properties in the product. Although nanotechnology provides many benefits, but as with all innovations, there are disadvantages and risks associated with its use. The risk assessment must take into account that the biokinetic profile and the toxicity in the target tissues can vary depending on which nanomaterial is being referred. A risk-benefit balance on the use of nanomaterials must be carried out, and in the majority of cases, though many people are open to the advancement, more information regarding the risks is required. Above all, it must be legally regulated to guarantee Agrofood safety in all products that have been manipulated using nanotechnology.
Keywords: Nanotechnology, Livestock Production, Innovation, Risk assessment
محاضره نانو -دكتور عمر نور
This document provides an overview of nanotechnology and various growth methods for nanostructures. It discusses that nanotechnology involves working at the molecular level to create structures with new properties. There are two main approaches for producing nanostructures: top-down, which makes smaller components from larger ones; and bottom-up, which builds complex structures from molecular components. Growth methods are classified by temperature as either high temperature (a few hundred degrees C), using methods like vapor-liquid-solid, or low temperature (less than 100 degrees C), which allows use of softer substrates. The document also notes how properties change at the nanoscale due to different dominant forces.
Plasmonics... A ladder to futuristic technology
Plasmonics is the study of plasma oscillations in metals. Plasmons are density waves in the electron gas in metals that are excited by light. They have shorter wavelengths than light and can propagate signals at the nanoscale. This allows for applications in nanophotonics like enhanced optical transmission and biosensing. Plasmons can be excited by coupling light to collective electron oscillations at metal surfaces or in nanostructures like nanoparticles. Metamaterials aim to control plasmons for applications such as cloaking, perfect lenses, and transformation optics. Plasmonics may lead to faster optoelectronic devices by transmitting data with plasmonic waves instead of electric currents.
GE8073 - FUNDAMENTALS OF NANOSCIENCE.ppt
This document provides an overview of nanoscience and nanotechnology. It defines nanoscience as the study of objects between 1-100 nm and discusses how properties change at the nanoscale level for physics, chemistry, biology and engineering. Examples of nanomaterials covered include nanoparticles, quantum dots, nanowires and their various properties. Synthesis methods like colloidal and thermal evaporation are also mentioned.
Piezoelectric Roads
This document summarizes and compares different types of smart materials, including piezoelectric materials, shape memory alloys, and magnetostrictive materials. It discusses the driving forces, typical materials, advantages, and limitations of each. Piezoelectric materials are highlighted in more depth, including examples of applications such as speakers, motors, sensors, and medical ultrasound devices. Ceramic and polymer piezoelectric materials are also compared.
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Polymers
Polymer can be classified in several ways:
1. By origin - natural polymers are isolated from nature, semi-synthetic are modified natural polymers, and synthetic are made entirely in a lab.
2. By structure - linear polymers have straight chains while cross-linked polymers have a 3D network structure.
3. By application - fibers have strength from hydrogen bonding and are crystalline, plastics are shaped by heat/pressure, and elastomers are rubbery and amorphous.
piezoelectricity and its application
This document provides an overview of piezoelectricity including its history, internal working, materials, effects, and applications. It describes how certain crystals produce an electric charge when mechanically stressed (direct piezoelectric effect) or change shape when exposed to an electric field (reverse effect). Common piezoelectric materials include quartz, ceramics, and polymers. The document outlines key piezoelectric applications such as sensors, actuators, generators, and transducers used in devices like lighters, microphones, and medical equipment.
Future prospects of nanotechnology innovations in livestock production 2019 "...
Future prospects of nanotechnology innovations in livestock production 2019 "...Alexandria University
Future prospects of nanotechnology innovations in animal production
Ahmed Abdel-Megeed
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Saba Basha, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21531, Egypt
Corresponding author: ahmedabdelfattah@alexu.edu.eg
Abstract
Nanotechnology is a great innovation that is revolutionizing the agricultural practices. It is a science that works at the nanoscale and provides many benefits. In this review, the fundamental concepts of nanotechnology are clarified, focusing on its primary applications and a health and environment risk assessment especially in livestock production. There is currently a lack of reliable, cost-effective diagnostic tests for early detection of diseases in farmed livestock animals. Biosensing technologies have the potential to address these problems by developing innovative diagnostic tools for the rapid detection of key health threats within the agri-food livestock sector. It also allows for greater product innovation, with the creation of new food ingredients or supplements with nanoencapsulation or nanoemulsions, achieving a slow release of some composites, or perhaps obtaining healthier foods through the improvement of organoleptic properties in the product. Although nanotechnology provides many benefits, but as with all innovations, there are disadvantages and risks associated with its use. The risk assessment must take into account that the biokinetic profile and the toxicity in the target tissues can vary depending on which nanomaterial is being referred. A risk-benefit balance on the use of nanomaterials must be carried out, and in the majority of cases, though many people are open to the advancement, more information regarding the risks is required. Above all, it must be legally regulated to guarantee Agrofood safety in all products that have been manipulated using nanotechnology.
Keywords: Nanotechnology, Livestock Production, Innovation, Risk assessment
محاضره نانو -دكتور عمر نور
This document provides an overview of nanotechnology and various growth methods for nanostructures. It discusses that nanotechnology involves working at the molecular level to create structures with new properties. There are two main approaches for producing nanostructures: top-down, which makes smaller components from larger ones; and bottom-up, which builds complex structures from molecular components. Growth methods are classified by temperature as either high temperature (a few hundred degrees C), using methods like vapor-liquid-solid, or low temperature (less than 100 degrees C), which allows use of softer substrates. The document also notes how properties change at the nanoscale due to different dominant forces.
Plasmonics... A ladder to futuristic technology
Plasmonics is the study of plasma oscillations in metals. Plasmons are density waves in the electron gas in metals that are excited by light. They have shorter wavelengths than light and can propagate signals at the nanoscale. This allows for applications in nanophotonics like enhanced optical transmission and biosensing. Plasmons can be excited by coupling light to collective electron oscillations at metal surfaces or in nanostructures like nanoparticles. Metamaterials aim to control plasmons for applications such as cloaking, perfect lenses, and transformation optics. Plasmonics may lead to faster optoelectronic devices by transmitting data with plasmonic waves instead of electric currents.
GE8073 - FUNDAMENTALS OF NANOSCIENCE.ppt
This document provides an overview of nanoscience and nanotechnology. It defines nanoscience as the study of objects between 1-100 nm and discusses how properties change at the nanoscale level for physics, chemistry, biology and engineering. Examples of nanomaterials covered include nanoparticles, quantum dots, nanowires and their various properties. Synthesis methods like colloidal and thermal evaporation are also mentioned.
Piezoelectric Roads
This document summarizes and compares different types of smart materials, including piezoelectric materials, shape memory alloys, and magnetostrictive materials. It discusses the driving forces, typical materials, advantages, and limitations of each. Piezoelectric materials are highlighted in more depth, including examples of applications such as speakers, motors, sensors, and medical ultrasound devices. Ceramic and polymer piezoelectric materials are also compared.
Polymers application on Medical Field
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on polymers used in the medical field. It discusses various bioplastics like PCL and PLA, as well as polymers used in medical devices and implants such as PEEK, which is used in spinal fusion devices. It also covers applications of polymers in general surgery as suture materials and surgical meshes, as well as uses in opthalmology like contact lenses and intraocular lenses. The document provides details on the properties and medical uses of these various polymers.
Polymer nanocomposite
The document discusses polymer-matrix nanocomposites, which consist of a polymeric matrix with nanoscale particles dispersed within. Nanoparticles can control the fundamental properties of materials without changing their chemical composition. Polymer nanocomposites are classified based on the type of polymer matrix used, and can be prepared through various methods like solution casting or melt blending. They exhibit improved properties like electrical conductivity, optical transparency, and mechanical strength compared to conventional composites. Potential applications of polymer nanocomposites include in the automobile, energy storage, and coatings industries.
PIEZOELECTRIC MATERIALS
The following presentation gives idea about piezoelectric materials, its principle and some of its upcoming applications.
Aerospace 4
Nanocomposites have various applications in aircraft construction and jet engines due to their beneficial properties. They can be used as strengthening elements in aircraft structures or as skin for honeycomb structures on wings and fuselages. Carbon-carbon composites with carbon fiber reinforcement and polymer or carbon matrices are used for high temperature components. Nanocomposites with zirconia matrices provide thermal protection for turboengine parts. Nanocoatings made from ceramics with nano-particles can increase adhesion, decrease oxygen permeability, and improve resistance to thermal shock for thermal barrier coatings on jet engines.
Nanofabrication Technologies
This document summarizes several nanofabrication technologies including buckyballs, carbon nanotubes, and methods for producing carbon nanotubes. Specifically, it discusses buckyballs being spherical carbon molecules and carbon nanotubes being long carbon tubes that can have conducting or semiconducting properties. It then describes three main production methods for carbon nanotubes: laser evaporation, carbon arc techniques, and chemical vapor deposition.
Piezoelectric properties
Piezoelectricity is the process where certain materials generate an electric charge in response to applied mechanical stress. Piezoelectric materials include crystals, ceramics, and biological materials. The piezoelectric effect is reversible and materials that exhibit the direct piezoelectric effect of generating charge from stress also exhibit the indirect or reverse piezoelectric effect of generating stress from an applied electric field. Common piezoelectric materials include quartz, ceramics like barium titanate and lead zirconate titanate (PZT), and polymers like polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). The properties of piezoelectric materials like density, piezoelectric constant, and elect
Smart Materials
This document provides an introduction to smart materials. It discusses various types of materials including metals, ceramics, polymers, composites and semiconductors. It then focuses on smart materials, defining them as materials that can significantly change one or more properties in a controlled way due to external stimuli like stress, temperature, moisture or electric/magnetic fields. Examples of smart materials discussed include piezoelectric materials, shape memory alloys, magnetorheological fluids and thermochromic materials. The document describes how each of these materials changes structure or property in response to different stimuli.
Nanotechnology
This document provides an overview of nanotechnology. It begins with definitions of nanotechnology as the study and manipulation of matter at the atomic scale, with a nanometer being one billionth of a meter. The document then discusses the history of nanotechnology from Richard Feynman's 1959 talk introducing the concept to modern developments like the scanning tunneling microscope. Tools and techniques used in nanotechnology like lithography and microscopes are described. Specific nanomaterials like carbon nanotubes, nanorods, and nanobots are explained. The wide applications of nanotechnology in areas like electronics, medicine, fabrics and more are outlined. The future potential of nanotechnology is also mentioned.
nanomedicine
This document discusses nanomedicine and various nanoscale structures that can be used for medical applications. It begins by explaining how nanotechnology allows analysis and repair of the human body at the molecular level. It then describes various nanoscale structures like liposomes, dendrimers, carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, mesoporous silica nanoparticles and their properties. These nanoparticles can be used for targeted drug delivery, imaging and diagnosis. The document also discusses some current and potential applications of these nanotechnologies in areas like cancer treatment, biomolecular sensing and gene therapy.
Introduction to nanoscience and nanotechnology
The document discusses nanoscience and nanotechnology. It defines nanoscience as the study of structures sized 1-100 nanometers. At the nanoscale, quantum mechanics effects dominate over classical physics and materials exhibit unexpected properties. The document outlines the history of nanoscience concepts and discoveries. It explores size comparisons to illustrate just how small the nanoscale is and discusses challenges in visualizing and working at that scale.
Development Of A Pvdf Based Sensor
This document summarizes the development of a sensor based on polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). It discusses the objectives to develop the sensor and spin a PVDF filament with a diameter of 200μm. It describes the piezoelectric properties of PVDF and its molecular structure. Rheological tests were conducted to analyze viscosity and dynamic properties of PVDF at different temperatures. Spinning tests produced a filament diameter of 200μm but with variations. Physical tests on the filament showed good elongation and modulus. The development of the PVDF-based sensor was achieved.
Carbon nanotubes
Carbon nanotubes have a variety of potential applications due to their extraordinary physical properties. They can be used as scanning probe microscope tips for high resolution imaging, magnetic sensors with high sensitivity and spatial resolution, transistors for high frequency circuits, and resonators for force, gas, and biosensing. Carbon nanotubes show promise in drug delivery for cancer therapy, blood testing through microfluidic chips, and tissue engineering as scaffolding. Overall, carbon nanotubes have many potential applications, especially in medicine, due to their strength, thermal conductivity, electrical properties, and ability to be functionalized for targeted delivery.
Dielectrics and its applications
The document is a presentation on dielectrics that covers:
- The basic terms related to dielectrics including electric field, flux, and dielectric constant.
- The different types of polarization that can occur in dielectrics including electronic, ionic, orientation, and interfacial polarization.
- How the internal electric field is calculated for a dielectric material placed between the plates of a capacitor.
- The various types of dielectric materials including solid, liquid, and gaseous dielectrics.
- The key properties desired in a good dielectric material and examples of applications for dielectrics such as in capacitors and transformers.
Advanced material
This document discusses smart materials, specifically shape memory alloys. It defines smart materials as materials that can dramatically change properties in response to external stimuli like heat. Shape memory alloys are described as being able to "remember" their original shape when heated above a transition temperature. Examples of applications include orthodontic wires, eyeglass frames, and aircraft components. While smart materials show potential, issues like fatigue and cost need further study.
INTRODUCTION - MEMS
MEMS can be defined as the combination of micro sensors and/or micro actuators and electronic devices integrated on a single chip. MEMS have many functions that make life easier, including actuators which move or control mechanisms, and sensors which respond to physical stimuli. Some applications of MEMS include biosensors for medical technologies, autofocus actuators in cameras, disposable blood pressure sensors, and gyroscopes used in modern cars. MEMS have numerous potential applications as they allow new synergies between fields like biology and microelectronics.
The Nanoscale
Nanoscience is the study of extremely small structures and systems between 1 and 100 nanometers. A nanometer is one billionth of a meter. The nanoscale deals with clusters of atoms and molecules that assemble into nanomaterials which have at least one dimension measured in nanometers. Examples of nanomaterials found in nature include the nanostructures that give some butterflies and moths their color, as well as the nano-spatulae that cover gecko feet and allow them to walk upside down.
Nanotechnology for Future Electronics
This document discusses how nanotechnology can help address limitations with microelectronics and enable new technologies. It explains that nanotechnology allows for electronics that are smaller, more flexible, and more cost-effective to produce. Specifically, it outlines how nanotechnology could enable stretchable electronics, wireless devices, molecular devices, improved sensors, increased memory storage, new materials for wearable electronics, and molecular devices that reduce the size of integrated circuits. The document concludes that nanotechnology has promise to continue miniaturizing electronics and enable flexible devices, driving major changes and innovations in mobile and wearable technologies.
Piezoelectric effect hana basheer
Piezoelectric materials generate an electric charge when subjected to mechanical stress. Quartz was the first material discovered to exhibit piezoelectricity in 1880. There are naturally occurring and man-made piezoelectric materials including crystals, ceramics, and polymers. Piezoelectric materials are used in applications like sensors, lighters, motors, and sonar/ultrasound due to their ability to convert mechanical and electrical energy. They have pros like high output and stiffness but cons like signal decay over long cables or with static pressure.
MBE presentation.pptx
Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) is a technique used to grow thin crystalline films one layer at a time under ultra-high vacuum conditions. In MBE, beams of molecules or atoms are directed towards a heated crystalline substrate where they condense in an ordered manner. This allows precise control over composition at the atomic or molecular level. MBE provides highly pure and flexible epitaxial growth for applications such as transistors, microwave and optoelectronic devices using materials like III-V semiconductors. While offering clean and well-controlled results, MBE also has high equipment costs and long setup times.
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Polymers application on Medical Field
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on polymers used in the medical field. It discusses various bioplastics like PCL and PLA, as well as polymers used in medical devices and implants such as PEEK, which is used in spinal fusion devices. It also covers applications of polymers in general surgery as suture materials and surgical meshes, as well as uses in opthalmology like contact lenses and intraocular lenses. The document provides details on the properties and medical uses of these various polymers.
Polymer nanocomposite
The document discusses polymer-matrix nanocomposites, which consist of a polymeric matrix with nanoscale particles dispersed within. Nanoparticles can control the fundamental properties of materials without changing their chemical composition. Polymer nanocomposites are classified based on the type of polymer matrix used, and can be prepared through various methods like solution casting or melt blending. They exhibit improved properties like electrical conductivity, optical transparency, and mechanical strength compared to conventional composites. Potential applications of polymer nanocomposites include in the automobile, energy storage, and coatings industries.
PIEZOELECTRIC MATERIALS
The following presentation gives idea about piezoelectric materials, its principle and some of its upcoming applications.
Aerospace 4
Nanocomposites have various applications in aircraft construction and jet engines due to their beneficial properties. They can be used as strengthening elements in aircraft structures or as skin for honeycomb structures on wings and fuselages. Carbon-carbon composites with carbon fiber reinforcement and polymer or carbon matrices are used for high temperature components. Nanocomposites with zirconia matrices provide thermal protection for turboengine parts. Nanocoatings made from ceramics with nano-particles can increase adhesion, decrease oxygen permeability, and improve resistance to thermal shock for thermal barrier coatings on jet engines.
Nanofabrication Technologies
This document summarizes several nanofabrication technologies including buckyballs, carbon nanotubes, and methods for producing carbon nanotubes. Specifically, it discusses buckyballs being spherical carbon molecules and carbon nanotubes being long carbon tubes that can have conducting or semiconducting properties. It then describes three main production methods for carbon nanotubes: laser evaporation, carbon arc techniques, and chemical vapor deposition.
Piezoelectric properties
Piezoelectricity is the process where certain materials generate an electric charge in response to applied mechanical stress. Piezoelectric materials include crystals, ceramics, and biological materials. The piezoelectric effect is reversible and materials that exhibit the direct piezoelectric effect of generating charge from stress also exhibit the indirect or reverse piezoelectric effect of generating stress from an applied electric field. Common piezoelectric materials include quartz, ceramics like barium titanate and lead zirconate titanate (PZT), and polymers like polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). The properties of piezoelectric materials like density, piezoelectric constant, and elect
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This document provides an introduction to smart materials. It discusses various types of materials including metals, ceramics, polymers, composites and semiconductors. It then focuses on smart materials, defining them as materials that can significantly change one or more properties in a controlled way due to external stimuli like stress, temperature, moisture or electric/magnetic fields. Examples of smart materials discussed include piezoelectric materials, shape memory alloys, magnetorheological fluids and thermochromic materials. The document describes how each of these materials changes structure or property in response to different stimuli.
Nanotechnology
This document provides an overview of nanotechnology. It begins with definitions of nanotechnology as the study and manipulation of matter at the atomic scale, with a nanometer being one billionth of a meter. The document then discusses the history of nanotechnology from Richard Feynman's 1959 talk introducing the concept to modern developments like the scanning tunneling microscope. Tools and techniques used in nanotechnology like lithography and microscopes are described. Specific nanomaterials like carbon nanotubes, nanorods, and nanobots are explained. The wide applications of nanotechnology in areas like electronics, medicine, fabrics and more are outlined. The future potential of nanotechnology is also mentioned.
nanomedicine
This document discusses nanomedicine and various nanoscale structures that can be used for medical applications. It begins by explaining how nanotechnology allows analysis and repair of the human body at the molecular level. It then describes various nanoscale structures like liposomes, dendrimers, carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, mesoporous silica nanoparticles and their properties. These nanoparticles can be used for targeted drug delivery, imaging and diagnosis. The document also discusses some current and potential applications of these nanotechnologies in areas like cancer treatment, biomolecular sensing and gene therapy.
Introduction to nanoscience and nanotechnology
The document discusses nanoscience and nanotechnology. It defines nanoscience as the study of structures sized 1-100 nanometers. At the nanoscale, quantum mechanics effects dominate over classical physics and materials exhibit unexpected properties. The document outlines the history of nanoscience concepts and discoveries. It explores size comparisons to illustrate just how small the nanoscale is and discusses challenges in visualizing and working at that scale.
Development Of A Pvdf Based Sensor
This document summarizes the development of a sensor based on polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). It discusses the objectives to develop the sensor and spin a PVDF filament with a diameter of 200μm. It describes the piezoelectric properties of PVDF and its molecular structure. Rheological tests were conducted to analyze viscosity and dynamic properties of PVDF at different temperatures. Spinning tests produced a filament diameter of 200μm but with variations. Physical tests on the filament showed good elongation and modulus. The development of the PVDF-based sensor was achieved.
Carbon nanotubes
Carbon nanotubes have a variety of potential applications due to their extraordinary physical properties. They can be used as scanning probe microscope tips for high resolution imaging, magnetic sensors with high sensitivity and spatial resolution, transistors for high frequency circuits, and resonators for force, gas, and biosensing. Carbon nanotubes show promise in drug delivery for cancer therapy, blood testing through microfluidic chips, and tissue engineering as scaffolding. Overall, carbon nanotubes have many potential applications, especially in medicine, due to their strength, thermal conductivity, electrical properties, and ability to be functionalized for targeted delivery.
Dielectrics and its applications
The document is a presentation on dielectrics that covers:
- The basic terms related to dielectrics including electric field, flux, and dielectric constant.
- The different types of polarization that can occur in dielectrics including electronic, ionic, orientation, and interfacial polarization.
- How the internal electric field is calculated for a dielectric material placed between the plates of a capacitor.
- The various types of dielectric materials including solid, liquid, and gaseous dielectrics.
- The key properties desired in a good dielectric material and examples of applications for dielectrics such as in capacitors and transformers.
Advanced material
This document discusses smart materials, specifically shape memory alloys. It defines smart materials as materials that can dramatically change properties in response to external stimuli like heat. Shape memory alloys are described as being able to "remember" their original shape when heated above a transition temperature. Examples of applications include orthodontic wires, eyeglass frames, and aircraft components. While smart materials show potential, issues like fatigue and cost need further study.
INTRODUCTION - MEMS
MEMS can be defined as the combination of micro sensors and/or micro actuators and electronic devices integrated on a single chip. MEMS have many functions that make life easier, including actuators which move or control mechanisms, and sensors which respond to physical stimuli. Some applications of MEMS include biosensors for medical technologies, autofocus actuators in cameras, disposable blood pressure sensors, and gyroscopes used in modern cars. MEMS have numerous potential applications as they allow new synergies between fields like biology and microelectronics.
The Nanoscale
Nanoscience is the study of extremely small structures and systems between 1 and 100 nanometers. A nanometer is one billionth of a meter. The nanoscale deals with clusters of atoms and molecules that assemble into nanomaterials which have at least one dimension measured in nanometers. Examples of nanomaterials found in nature include the nanostructures that give some butterflies and moths their color, as well as the nano-spatulae that cover gecko feet and allow them to walk upside down.
Nanotechnology for Future Electronics
This document discusses how nanotechnology can help address limitations with microelectronics and enable new technologies. It explains that nanotechnology allows for electronics that are smaller, more flexible, and more cost-effective to produce. Specifically, it outlines how nanotechnology could enable stretchable electronics, wireless devices, molecular devices, improved sensors, increased memory storage, new materials for wearable electronics, and molecular devices that reduce the size of integrated circuits. The document concludes that nanotechnology has promise to continue miniaturizing electronics and enable flexible devices, driving major changes and innovations in mobile and wearable technologies.
Piezoelectric effect hana basheer
Piezoelectric materials generate an electric charge when subjected to mechanical stress. Quartz was the first material discovered to exhibit piezoelectricity in 1880. There are naturally occurring and man-made piezoelectric materials including crystals, ceramics, and polymers. Piezoelectric materials are used in applications like sensors, lighters, motors, and sonar/ultrasound due to their ability to convert mechanical and electrical energy. They have pros like high output and stiffness but cons like signal decay over long cables or with static pressure.
MBE presentation.pptx
Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) is a technique used to grow thin crystalline films one layer at a time under ultra-high vacuum conditions. In MBE, beams of molecules or atoms are directed towards a heated crystalline substrate where they condense in an ordered manner. This allows precise control over composition at the atomic or molecular level. MBE provides highly pure and flexible epitaxial growth for applications such as transistors, microwave and optoelectronic devices using materials like III-V semiconductors. While offering clean and well-controlled results, MBE also has high equipment costs and long setup times.
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Materiały piezoelektryczne
- 3. Najczęściej stosowane materiały piezoelektryczne Wytwarza duże napięcie, jest wrażliwa na wilgoć, tania i łatwa w produkcji. W przeszłości wykorzystywana w przetwornikach elektroakustycznych. Sól Seignette'a (sól La Rochelle) Można go wyprodukować sztucznie metodą hydrotermalną. Stosując właściwe cięcia dostaje się płytki o zerowym współczynniku temperaturowym częstotliwości drgań rezonansowych, co jest ważne w jego aplikacjach elektronicznych. Kwarc (kryształ górski) Charakterystyka Materiał
- 4. Najczęściej stosowane materiały piezoelektryczne Są powszechnie używane w postaci ceramik, ponieważ można je wyprodukować w różnych kształtach. Tytanian baru i jego związki izomorficzne Są nimi minerały występujące w naturze, borokrzemiany kilku metali. Jako pierwsze z materiałów piezoelektrycznych były wykorzystywane w urządzeniach hydrolokacyjnych. Turmailiny Charakterystyka Materiał