![How to name the authors in text
1 name: Smith
2 names: Smith and Williams
3+ names: Smith et al.
Presenting a new system/result
“Smith et al. [22] proposed a new system to…”
Supporting a statement
“Indeed system X was evaluated as the fastest [22]”](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/masterbeginners2017-02-170217091047/85/Master-Beginners-10-320.jpg)
![Tables are great for comparing things
Start with existing columns, or
think of your own
Add more columns if you need
Empty cells remind you of what you don’t know yet
System Initial Release Latest Version …
Windows
[Gates83]
1983 10.0
Mac [Jobs84] 1984 10.11 (El Capitan)
Linux [Torvalds91] 1991](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/masterbeginners2017-02-170217091047/85/Master-Beginners-28-320.jpg)
![Be direct, to the point
“There are many important systems in computer
history, in particular, regarding remote graphical
systems, one of the first widely used contributions was
the X system [22]”
->
“The X system [22] was the first widely used remote
graphical system”](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/masterbeginners2017-02-170217091047/85/Master-Beginners-47-320.jpg)
Uploaded byMiguel Pardal
Master Beginners
This document provides guidance on academic writing and the research process. It discusses topics like choosing publication venues, writing introductions and conclusions, citing related work, and responding to reviews. The document emphasizes rigor, avoiding informal language, and focusing on the most important ideas. Overall, it aims to help readers improve the quality and impact of their research publications.
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Master Beginners
- 1.
- 2. LEIC 2000 Unisys Portugal Lecturerat Técnico since 2002 MEIC 2006 Visiting Student at MIT in 2009 DEIC 2014 First publication in 2004 Since then, about 30 more http://web.tecnico.ulisboa.pt/miguel.pardal
- 3. Share experience Provide tools Learnfrom you Best thing about being a teacher
- 6. Map the world Choosethe destination Plot the course Navigate to destination Arrive at destination
- 7. Map the world Researcharea Choose the destination Problem Related work Plot the course Solution proposal Technical challenges Navigate to destination Evaluation Arrive at destination Contributions
- 8. What is theproblem being solved? What are the requirements? What is the related work? What will be done? What are the technical challenges? How will the results be measured?
- 9. “X is betterthan Y!” How do you know that? From your own work Experimental results Statistically valid From the work of others Citations
- 10. How to namethe authors in text 1 name: Smith 2 names: Smith and Williams 3+ names: Smith et al. Presenting a new system/result “Smith et al. [22] proposed a new system to…” Supporting a statement “Indeed system X was evaluated as the fastest [22]”
- 11. Our research isonly possible because of the work of others before us Actual People, Labs, Universities
- 12. From the start, keepa reference repository Save the PDF Identify each paper Author name Year Journal/Conference acronym Keywords
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- 16. Technical report Workshop paper Conferencepaper Book chapter Journal article Book
- 17.
- 18.
- 20. Choose top sources ACM IEEE Usenix Startwith most recent papers They will cite other relevant works Go to where the research community meets
- 21. Good conference ? Acceptrate < 20% Only 1 in 5 submitted papers gets accepted Check conference rankings Good journal ? Impact factor: average number of citations to recent articles published in the journal
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- 26. Write a shortsummary of paper Should fit in an index card What is relevant? System characteristics Assumptions Examples/scenarios ... State strong and weak points
- 27. Use note takingapp with search OneNote, EverNote, … https://www.onenote.com/ https://evernote.com
- 28. Tables are greatfor comparing things Start with existing columns, or think of your own Add more columns if you need Empty cells remind you of what you don’t know yet System Initial Release Latest Version … Windows [Gates83] 1983 10.0 Mac [Jobs84] 1984 10.11 (El Capitan) Linux [Torvalds91] 1991
- 31. Move 1 –Establish the “territory” Claiming centrality and/or Making topic generalizations and/or Reviewing items of previous research Move 2 – Establish the niche Counter-claiming or Indicating a gap or Question-raising or Continuing a tradition Move 3 – Occupy the niche Outlining purposes or Announcing present research Announcing principle findings Indicating research article structure http://www.wikihow.com/Write-a-Swalesian-Introduction
- 32. A model isa simplification/abstraction of a complex object To show relevant characteristics Easier to manipulate than the actual object Represent: Structure Behavior
- 34.
- 35.
- 36. Asking questions Finding answers Checkingif answers are good enough
- 37. Qualitative Looks at requirements Satisfied Partiallysatisfied Unsatisfied Quantitative Metrics Key performance indicators
- 38. How long, onaverage, does the system take to respond to requests? How many simultaneous users can the system hold without degrading performance levels? …
- 41. The work isalmost complete Is writing worth it? YES To write is to express thoughts into words So that others may learn Your own learning is not complete without the “distillation process” that comes with writing
- 42. Use the mostcommon science language, so that your work may reach the widest audience English What about Portuguese and other languages? Still important for scientific divulgation
- 43. Introduction Problem and Contributions Proposal Evaluation Resultsand Discussion Related Work Conclusion Contributions and Future Work
- 44. 3 tells Say whatyou will say Say Say what you said Provide guidance and context to the reader
- 45. Each “middle” chapterin a dissertation should have: Introduction text Main content sections Summary section Highlight most important points to carry forward Transition to next chapter
- 46. Most important ideasfirst Should appear in the beginning of the paragraph Details and alternatives should appear later
- 47. Be direct, tothe point “There are many important systems in computer history, in particular, regarding remote graphical systems, one of the first widely used contributions was the X system [22]” -> “The X system [22] was the first widely used remote graphical system”
- 48. Use more formallanguage Avoid oral contractions We’re -> we are Don’t -> do not Gonna -> going to Ain’t -> am not Avoid possessives Joana’s work -> The work by Joana The system’s characteristics -> The characteristics of the system
- 49. Use correct tense Proposal– future tense – will do Dissertation – past tense – did Use the third person Sometimes first person plural is OK – we
- 50. Avoid passive voice Itcreates uncertainty about who is the subject of the phrase “The system was shown to have good performance” vs “We have shown that the system has good performance”
- 51. Avoid informal (colloquial)expressions “At the end of the day, the best system is …” “It is a matter of life and death that…” “There’s more than one way to skin a cat, so a different approach was attempted…” “The performance has hit a wall…”
- 52. Avoid exaggerations (hyperboles) "infinite“ Infinityis not a large number "innumerable“ It means uncountable “impossible” It means outside the realm of possibility
- 53.
- 54. Avoid possibly rigorousterms used in a non-rigorous way “scalable” It means that the system can sustain a performance level when the number of users increases by orders of magnitude (10, 100, 1000) Not that it supports many users “real-time“ It means subject to specific time constraints Not that the system is fast
- 56. Process to increasethe quality of the writing Follow sound science practices Reviews are not always constructive… Do not get offended by it, the comments are not about you, they are about your work You should be the first to know that there is always something to improve… Blind review You will not know who the reviewer is Double blind review The reviewer also does not know who you are
- 57. English quality Structure Literature review Completeand to the point Motivation for decisions Rigor Avoid misunderstandings Identify the limitations of your own work They will be found anyway (sooner or later) They are future work opportunities
- 58. Technical report Workshop paper Conferencepaper Book chapter Journal article Book Increasing public exposure and scrutiny
- 59. First promising results Workshop Ongoingwork with evaluation Conference Fully developed and with final innovative findings Top conference Journal
- 60. Science is personaland social People and communities are central Reading related work Learn from other authors Cite them Compare what they did Writing about your work Explain in a concise way Learn from the reviewers Share with others
- 61. Miguel.Pardal@tecnico.ulisboa.pt Obrigado Thank you “The travelersees what he sees. The tourist sees what he has come to see.” ― G.K. Chesterton
- 62. IEEE Authorship Seriesand toolbox: http://www.ieee.org/publications_standards/publications/ authors/authors_journals.html Guide by Miguel and Joana Pardal: http://web.tecnico.ulisboa.pt/miguel.pardal/www/doc/ quick-guide-research.pdf Thanks to Miguel P. Correia for the review
- 64. Widely used Produces documentswith excellent aesthetics Easy to follow template rules Built-in support for mathematical expressions. Generates the reference list automatically! BibTeX It is a programming language (with comments) These are the main contributions: % do not forget to add the prototype!
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