Mass breeding of animals is the large-scale forced mating of animals to enhance desirable genetic traits over many generations. However, mass breeding can cause harm to animals' health and welfare. It may lead to loss of genetic diversity and the ability of species to adapt naturally. The desired traits from mass breeding may not be passed on to offspring. Regulations aim to prevent overbreeding of dogs and inhumanely culling male chicks in the egg industry. While selective breeding can enhance traits, mass breeding on an industrial scale risks animal suffering.
This presentation covers five topics: hoof health, feed costs, birthing percentage, orphan lambs/kids, and parasite control. It was given to the New River Valley Sheep & Goat Club on 2/20/16.
Farmers must improve their conventional practices for the care and upbringing of livestock as well as, they must utilize the new technologies for the betterment of quality and productivity. Selection of desirable breeds, proper cleanliness and hygiene of both the animals and the handler, and regular check-up by veterinary doctors are the most important steps. There are several farms and their management technique. A breed is a group of animals related by family and similar in most characters such as overall appearance, features, size, configuration, etc. For example, Red Dane, Jersey, Brown Swiss are foreign breeds of cows and Leghorn is an improved breed of chicken. The development of a new variety of plants with desirable characters from the existing ones is called Plant Breeding. We all might have heard of the Green Revolution that was responsible for our country to not only meet the national requirements in food production but also helped even to export it during the 1970s.
The Green revolution was highly dependent on plant breeding techniques for the development of high-yielding and disease-free varieties in wheat, rice, maise, etc. Dr M.S. Swaminathan is the father of plant breeding in India. The growth or development of plant or animal tissues in the culture medium is called tissue culture. Plant tissue culture is widely used in order to enhance food production. The ability to create an entire plant from any cell or explant is called totipotency.
This presentation covers five topics: hoof health, feed costs, birthing percentage, orphan lambs/kids, and parasite control. It was given to the New River Valley Sheep & Goat Club on 2/20/16.
Farmers must improve their conventional practices for the care and upbringing of livestock as well as, they must utilize the new technologies for the betterment of quality and productivity. Selection of desirable breeds, proper cleanliness and hygiene of both the animals and the handler, and regular check-up by veterinary doctors are the most important steps. There are several farms and their management technique. A breed is a group of animals related by family and similar in most characters such as overall appearance, features, size, configuration, etc. For example, Red Dane, Jersey, Brown Swiss are foreign breeds of cows and Leghorn is an improved breed of chicken. The development of a new variety of plants with desirable characters from the existing ones is called Plant Breeding. We all might have heard of the Green Revolution that was responsible for our country to not only meet the national requirements in food production but also helped even to export it during the 1970s.
The Green revolution was highly dependent on plant breeding techniques for the development of high-yielding and disease-free varieties in wheat, rice, maise, etc. Dr M.S. Swaminathan is the father of plant breeding in India. The growth or development of plant or animal tissues in the culture medium is called tissue culture. Plant tissue culture is widely used in order to enhance food production. The ability to create an entire plant from any cell or explant is called totipotency.
Goats as Pets.org provides information on keeping a small holding of goats. The site discusses the benefits to the owner such as the supply of milk and meat, and outlines the things to consider when obtaining goat food, appropriate housing and provides more general information on their health and welfare. The site also considers the various goat breeds and which are most suitable for your requirements. The site links to Wendy Hargreaves ebook, ‘Guide To Keeping Goats’, which is available as an electronic download and is suitable for anyone looking for further information on keeping goats.
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION
THEME 2.0: LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION
IMPROVEMENT OF LIVESTOCK BREEDS
Introduction: The goal for keeping animals is to produce animal products which are sufficient and qualities enough.
So as to achieve, this livestock keepers, must have good quality animals, feeding them well and keep them healthy.
Livestock Improvement
The productivity of farm animals is set by INHERITANCE i.e. passing of genes from parents to off springs however the environment determines how much the inheritance potential is going to be reached. So livestock improvement is therefore the program that set out to improve the inheritance of the environment in which they are kept.
Concept of inheritance
Inheritance deals with the mechanism by which characteristics of parents are passed to the off springs. The mechanism of inheritance resides in the sex cells (gametes) in both males and females which contain CHROMOSOMES carrying units of inheritance called genes.
Chromosomes occur in pairs in the nucleus the number of chromosomes e.g. Cattle -30, Sheep -27, Pig -19, Chicken -39
The members of each pair are called HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES.
Genes are located in specific units of chromosomes called Locus.
The genes located at the some loci of chromosomes pair are alleles.
If they have the same effect are called homozygous.
If they have different effects (antagonistic) are called heterozygous.
Sex cells undergo cell division whereby the cell divides to form daughter cells with half number of chromosomes from parent cells.
I HOPE THIS MIGHT HELP THOSE STUDENTS WHO ARE HAVING SUBJECTS SUCH AS HELE or TLE (TAKING CARE OF POULTRY).....
I TAUGHT THIS SLIDE TO MY STUDENTS.....
The Farmer’s Hand Book on Pig Production is a colourful and simply-written manual from the Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO) of the United Nations. This book was developed to educate pig farmers .It provides a lot of information on breeding, feeding, housing pigs, detection and treatment of swine diseases.
Goats as Pets.org provides information on keeping a small holding of goats. The site discusses the benefits to the owner such as the supply of milk and meat, and outlines the things to consider when obtaining goat food, appropriate housing and provides more general information on their health and welfare. The site also considers the various goat breeds and which are most suitable for your requirements. The site links to Wendy Hargreaves ebook, ‘Guide To Keeping Goats’, which is available as an electronic download and is suitable for anyone looking for further information on keeping goats.
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION
THEME 2.0: LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION
IMPROVEMENT OF LIVESTOCK BREEDS
Introduction: The goal for keeping animals is to produce animal products which are sufficient and qualities enough.
So as to achieve, this livestock keepers, must have good quality animals, feeding them well and keep them healthy.
Livestock Improvement
The productivity of farm animals is set by INHERITANCE i.e. passing of genes from parents to off springs however the environment determines how much the inheritance potential is going to be reached. So livestock improvement is therefore the program that set out to improve the inheritance of the environment in which they are kept.
Concept of inheritance
Inheritance deals with the mechanism by which characteristics of parents are passed to the off springs. The mechanism of inheritance resides in the sex cells (gametes) in both males and females which contain CHROMOSOMES carrying units of inheritance called genes.
Chromosomes occur in pairs in the nucleus the number of chromosomes e.g. Cattle -30, Sheep -27, Pig -19, Chicken -39
The members of each pair are called HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES.
Genes are located in specific units of chromosomes called Locus.
The genes located at the some loci of chromosomes pair are alleles.
If they have the same effect are called homozygous.
If they have different effects (antagonistic) are called heterozygous.
Sex cells undergo cell division whereby the cell divides to form daughter cells with half number of chromosomes from parent cells.
I HOPE THIS MIGHT HELP THOSE STUDENTS WHO ARE HAVING SUBJECTS SUCH AS HELE or TLE (TAKING CARE OF POULTRY).....
I TAUGHT THIS SLIDE TO MY STUDENTS.....
The Farmer’s Hand Book on Pig Production is a colourful and simply-written manual from the Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO) of the United Nations. This book was developed to educate pig farmers .It provides a lot of information on breeding, feeding, housing pigs, detection and treatment of swine diseases.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
2. Animal breeding is the process of selective mating of animals with desirable genetic
traits, to maintain or enhance these traits in future generations.
3. WHAT IS MASS BREEDING?
A number of individuals chosen on the basis of various characteristics
are forcefully mated on a large scale; their progeny are further
selected for the preferred characteristics, and the process is continued
for as many generations as is desired.
These characteristics are generally economically or aesthetically
desirable to humans, rather than useful to the organism in its natural
environment.
4. w a DEMERITS OF MASS BREEDING might
cause
• It brings about discomfort to animal
Breeders who are wanting to formulate particular animal
traits might accidentally reproduce characteristics that are
damaging to animal health. For instance, cows are only able
to produce large amounts of milk if they have large udders.
So, we can just think that such a product of selective
breeding may find it its udders heavy, causing it discomfort.
5. • It can lead to loss of species variety.
As organisms start to become similar genetically, they also start to experience a depression
in gene diversity, which can lead to a rise in negative mutations. In this way, a genetic
depression is created and it causes a massive loss of variety.
• There may be evolutionary changes that harm the planet.
Animals evolve over time to match the changing conditions of our planet. By artificially
breeding them for selected traits, we are altering that path. Over time, these changes could
result in a species being threated because they lack the ability to adapt to the new
environmental conditions that are beginning to appear.
6. • There is no guarantee that the desired traits will pass to the offspring.
It is possible for two solid-colored coat horses to produce
a foal that is spotted with pinto patterning. Two pinto horses
can produce a foal with a solid-colored coat. It is possible for
selective breeding to be ineffective for a generation and that
can cause the desired traits to be inaccessible for future
generations.
8. Many standardized breeds in horses and dogs are the result of crossing
animals of different breeds (landraces or standardized breeds) in
combination with a strong selection among the crossbred animals for
characteristics of the breeding standard. Thus, consequent selection for
specific characteristics has led to the existence of a wide variety of breeds
within the domesticated species. Breeds differ in characteristics and for
specific production goals, combining characteristics of different breeds
might be required. For that reason sometimes breeds are crossed.
Also, crossbreds combine characteristics that cannot easily be improved
simultaneously in a single breed.
9. E.g. in tropical countries a local cattle breed with a
high tick resistance is crossed with an exotic breed
with a high production to obtain animals with a
moderate production resistant to ticks
Also, the cross of sows of a pig breed with a high
litter size with a boar of a breed that gives a fast
growth up to the slaughter weight.
10. DEMERITS OF CROSSBREEDING
• Difficult to Predict Temperaments
Pure breeds have been developed for different purposes, and their temperaments match those
purposes closely. For example, Rottweilers tend to have
bold and sometimes aggressive temperaments because
they have been bred to be working guard dogs. Poodles
were bred to hunt and be wonderful family companions.
It would be difficult to predict the exact type of personality
a cross-breeding between these two dogs might produce.
11. • Still a Strong Chance for Congenital Health Issues
Many congenital health issues, such as hip dysplasia, eye diseases, epilepsy and kidney disease,
are found across multiple breeds. This means these conditions are still likely to show up in
crossbred offspring if both parents are carriers of one or more of the same genetic problems.
• Potential for High Risk Deliveries
From a pregnancy perspective, breeding dogs of different sizes can sometimes lead to
difficult deliveries. This is especially so if the stud is much larger than the bitch, or he comes
from a large-headed breed. A bitch of a different breed may have more difficulty pushing the
puppies out, and she may require a C-section in order for her and her mixed breed puppies to
survive.
12. • May Be More Expensive Than a Purebred
With all the interest in “designer dogs,” some mixed
breed dogs go for $1,000 or more. The average
purebred puppy often costs between $300 to $500
unless it’s an extremely popular or rare breed.
• SHORT LIFESPAN
Due to the congenital health issues and the diseases that they inherit from their parents,
the life expectancy of few offspring is reduced.
13. CHICK CULLING
Chick culling or unwanted chick killing is the process of separating and killing unwanted (male
and unhealthy female) chicks for which the intensive animal farming industry has no use.
14. Worldwide, around 7 billion male chicks are culled each year in the egg industry. Because male
chickens do not lay eggs or grow large enough to become broilers and only those in breeding
programmes are required to fertilise eggs, they are considered redundant to the egg-laying
industry and are usually killed shortly after being sexed, which occurs just days after they are
conceived or after they hatch.
Several methods are used to cull chicks:
• Maceration (also called 'grinding', 'shredding' or
'mincing‘); the chicks are placed into a large
high-speed grinder.
15. • Asphyxiation (also called 'gassing' or 'controlled
atmosphere killing'); carbon dioxide is used to
induce unconsciousness and then death.
• Cervical dislocation; the neck is broken.
• Electrocution; an electric current is passed
through the chick's body until it is dead.
• Suffocation; the chicks are placed in plastic bags.
16. Permitted methods in the EU
"Use of a mechanical apparatus causing rapid death" (essentially grinding)
"Exposure to carbon dioxide" (essentially gassing)
Recommended methods in the US
'Unwanted chicks, poults, and pipped eggs should be killed by an acceptable humane method, such as use of a
commercially designed macerator that results in instantaneous death. Smothering unwanted chicks or poults in
bags or containers is not acceptable. Pips, unwanted chicks, or poults should be killed prior to disposal.
Because of animal welfare concerns, there is societal opposition to chick culling. In the 2010s, scientists
developed technologies to determine the sexes of chicks when they are still in their eggs (in-ovo sexing). As
soon as these methods were available on a commercial scale, Germany and France jointly became the first
countries in the world to prohibit all chick killing from 1 January 2022, and called on other EU member
states to do the same
17. REGULATIONS RELATED TO DOG
BREEDING IN INDIA
For Female Dogs
• Only normal healthy mature female dogs that have reached 18 months shall only be
bred. They shall be certified as healthy by a licensed veterinary at least 10 days prior
to breeding.
• No female dog shall be forced to produce puppies in 2 consecutive breeding seasons.
Only once in a year.
• Female dogs should not be forced to produce more than 5 times during her lifetime.
18. For Male Dogs
• Male dogs should be healthy, mature and only after he has reached his 18th
month. Must be certified by a licensed veterinary at least 10 days prior to
breeding.
Breeders use four breeding techniques in which rule only allows two out of four
techniques:
Out Breeding and Line Breeding are only allowed in India. Out breeding is the
mating of dogs which are not at all related to each other. Line breeding is mating
between dogs that are marginally related to each other. In this case, dogs are chosen
for their special attributes to obtain certain types.
19. WHY MASS BREEDING SHOULD BE ILLEGAL?
The science behind selective breeding allows living
organisms to be bred selectively, so their best
features and characteristics can be sent along to the
next generations. However, in order to do this, the
life of those innocent animals is suffered at each and
every stage. They are caged, forcefully mated,
abused, separated from their parents at a very young
age, and even killed. Although the productivity is
increased, but at what cost? Snatching the life of
these innocent animals for self purposes should not
be done on any grounds.