This document discusses three student-level factors that influence student achievement: home environment, learned intelligence/background knowledge, and motivation. It focuses on home environment, noting that socioeconomic status (SES) correlates with achievement. The strongest SES element influencing achievement is home atmosphere. Research identifies three aspects of home atmosphere: communication about school, supervision, and parental expectations/parenting styles. Parental expectations have the largest correlation with achievement. The document suggests schools provide parents with information and training to establish home environments conducive to academic success.

1. Student Level Factors Chapters 12-13 What Works In Schools: Translating Research Into Action By: Robert J. Marzano Christie L. Esparza Carmen Ortega

2. Marzano Identified 3 Student Level Factors Home Environment 2.Learned Intelligence and Background Knowledge 3. Motivation

3. Figure 12.1

5. Karl White (1982) saw that the Coleman Report confirmed “that a strong relationship exists between all kinds of achievement variables and what has come to be known as socioeconomic status (SES)” (p. 46)

7. Home Atmoshpere Xitao Fan and Michael Chan (2001) found three basic elements that compose the home environment. 1. Communication about School. 2. Supervision 3. Parental Expectations and Parenting Styles

9. Encouragement regarding school work

10. Providing resources to complete school work(Marzano, 2003, p. 128)

11. Supervision Defined as “the extent to which parents monitor and control their children’s behavior to optimize academic achievement.” (Marzano, 2003, p. 128) Fan and Chen (2001) found this to be the lowest correlation concerning achievement. * close supervision maybe due to low achievement.

12. Parental Expectations and Parenting Styles Fan and Chen (2001) found this to have the largest correlation to achievement. They concluded that “high expectations communicated to students are associated with enhanced achievement.” as cited in (Marzano, 2003, p.129) Best parenting style is Authoritative because it allows the child to have input.

13. Action Steps Since there is can not physically enter a home and impose what techniques should be used when it comes to parenting, it can however “provide information and training on establishing a home environment conducive to academic success” (Marzano, 2003, p. 131).

14. Suggestions On page 131 – there is a bulleted list of suggested mini lessons that can be provided for parents. Does your campus provide anyone of the mentioned lessons for your community?

15. Questions to Consider What are the most important Student Level Factors on your campus? Does your campus provide training for parents? If so how effective to believe it is in improving student achievement? As an administrator how would you implement teacher parent communications? Why is it important to provide training and support for parents?

16. Parental Involvement Video http://vodpod.com/watch/696021-the-how-tos-of-parent-involvement?pod=lornacos

17. References Marzano, R. J. (2003). What works in schools: Translating research into action. Association for Supervision and Curriculum and Development. Alexandria VA.