This document provides instructions for 10 science experiments involving common household items. The experiments demonstrate various scientific principles through simple and safe demonstrations. They are:
1. Making paper cups loop in the air using an elastic band catapult.
2. Making it harder to catch a ball by wearing a party hat with a small eye hole over one eye.
3. Using static electricity to move an aluminum can toward a charged balloon.
4. Seeing colored ink pigments separate and spread differently through tissue paper spotted with water.
5. Making a cup rise by blowing between the rims of two cups placed one inside the other.
6. Seeing light refract and reverse the direction of arrows drawn
El documento proporciona instrucciones para establecer metas de manera efectiva en 9 pasos: 1) hacer un inventario de objetivos, 2) calcular plazos, 3) elegir 3-4 objetivos anuales, 4) definir cómo medir el progreso, 5) identificar recursos, 6) recordar éxitos pasados, 7) identificar necesidades adicionales, 8) identificar obstáculos, 9) crear un plan de acción detallado.
The document discusses solving the Diophantine equation of a circle, which is an equation where the variables are restricted to integer values. It first simplifies the general circle equation to focus on a circle centered at the origin. It then shows that any solutions will form right triangles with the radius, reducing the problem to finding Pythagorean triples with integer sides and the given radius. The number of solutions depends on the number of primitive Pythagorean triples for that radius. It provides examples and discusses the minimum number of trivial solutions.
ARPAnet, the precursor to the Internet, was established in 1969 connecting four major universities for research, education, and communication. In 1972, Ray Tomlinson introduced electronic mail using the @ symbol to distinguish sender and network names. TCP/IP was established as the standard communication protocol in 1983 allowing file transfer between computers.
Este documento presenta la cuarta edición de la revista Línea Sur, publicada por el Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Comercio e Integración del Ecuador. La revista contiene artículos sobre temas de política exterior y relaciones internacionales en América Latina y a nivel global, incluyendo la integración regional, la responsabilidad de proteger, la hegemonía estadounidense y la geopolítica mundial. El canciller Ricardo Patiño introduce la edición destacando que América Latina ha marcado un nuevo rumbo
Hann -collaborate-to-learn-learn-to-collaborateDiana Moglan
This document summarizes a study that explored how asynchronous discussion in a web-based learning system facilitated collaborative learning. The study analyzed discussion transcripts and interviews from a master's level course. Three main categories emerged as important for collaborative learning online: context (structural support and active participation), community (formation of membership and social dialogue), and cognition (social process of learning and communal facilitation). The document provides background on social views of learning, conceptual frameworks for web-based learning environments, and reviews literature on collaborative learning theories and models.
Met plezier presenteert MEE Gelderse Poort u het Jaarbericht 2012. Het is een beknopt overzicht van enkele aansprekende projecten en activiteiten die we de afgelopen periode in de regio Gelderse Poort hebben uitgevoerd.
Het centrale thema is samen transformeren en participeren. Immers, MEE maakt participatie van burgers met een beperking in de samenleving mogelijk. In onze onafhankelijke cliëntondersteuning is naast advisering onze expertise gericht op het versterken van de eigen kracht en benutten van het sociaal netwerk van cliënten.
Op deze manier is er daadwerkelijk sprake van MEEdoen in de samenleving.
Een uiterst actueel onderwerp dat in de transformatie van het sociaal beleid ook bij de Rijksoverheid en gemeenten hoog op de agenda staat.
Wayne Robinson has included a professional portfolio detailing his education and experience in psychology. He obtained a bachelor's degree in psychology from Argosy University in 2015 and is pursuing a master's degree in human services, anticipated to complete in 2017. His cover letter expresses his lifelong interest in helping others and desire to pursue a career in psychology. His resume highlights qualifications and experience in various roles, including as a volunteer at a VA hospital and as an electrical instructor. References and transcripts are also included.
This document analyzes the genre conventions, audiences, images, fonts/colors, and layouts of contents pages from four music magazines: Q Magazine, Mixmag, and DJ Magazine. It finds that the magazines' contents pages generally feature many large images taking up half the page, with text organized alongside. The magazines target young adult audiences aged 16-35 interested in genres like indie (Q), dance (Mixmag, DJ). Fonts and colors are used prominently with white backgrounds to make images and text stand out. Layouts keep contents pages organized without being cluttered.
El documento proporciona instrucciones para establecer metas de manera efectiva en 9 pasos: 1) hacer un inventario de objetivos, 2) calcular plazos, 3) elegir 3-4 objetivos anuales, 4) definir cómo medir el progreso, 5) identificar recursos, 6) recordar éxitos pasados, 7) identificar necesidades adicionales, 8) identificar obstáculos, 9) crear un plan de acción detallado.
The document discusses solving the Diophantine equation of a circle, which is an equation where the variables are restricted to integer values. It first simplifies the general circle equation to focus on a circle centered at the origin. It then shows that any solutions will form right triangles with the radius, reducing the problem to finding Pythagorean triples with integer sides and the given radius. The number of solutions depends on the number of primitive Pythagorean triples for that radius. It provides examples and discusses the minimum number of trivial solutions.
ARPAnet, the precursor to the Internet, was established in 1969 connecting four major universities for research, education, and communication. In 1972, Ray Tomlinson introduced electronic mail using the @ symbol to distinguish sender and network names. TCP/IP was established as the standard communication protocol in 1983 allowing file transfer between computers.
Este documento presenta la cuarta edición de la revista Línea Sur, publicada por el Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Comercio e Integración del Ecuador. La revista contiene artículos sobre temas de política exterior y relaciones internacionales en América Latina y a nivel global, incluyendo la integración regional, la responsabilidad de proteger, la hegemonía estadounidense y la geopolítica mundial. El canciller Ricardo Patiño introduce la edición destacando que América Latina ha marcado un nuevo rumbo
Hann -collaborate-to-learn-learn-to-collaborateDiana Moglan
This document summarizes a study that explored how asynchronous discussion in a web-based learning system facilitated collaborative learning. The study analyzed discussion transcripts and interviews from a master's level course. Three main categories emerged as important for collaborative learning online: context (structural support and active participation), community (formation of membership and social dialogue), and cognition (social process of learning and communal facilitation). The document provides background on social views of learning, conceptual frameworks for web-based learning environments, and reviews literature on collaborative learning theories and models.
Met plezier presenteert MEE Gelderse Poort u het Jaarbericht 2012. Het is een beknopt overzicht van enkele aansprekende projecten en activiteiten die we de afgelopen periode in de regio Gelderse Poort hebben uitgevoerd.
Het centrale thema is samen transformeren en participeren. Immers, MEE maakt participatie van burgers met een beperking in de samenleving mogelijk. In onze onafhankelijke cliëntondersteuning is naast advisering onze expertise gericht op het versterken van de eigen kracht en benutten van het sociaal netwerk van cliënten.
Op deze manier is er daadwerkelijk sprake van MEEdoen in de samenleving.
Een uiterst actueel onderwerp dat in de transformatie van het sociaal beleid ook bij de Rijksoverheid en gemeenten hoog op de agenda staat.
Wayne Robinson has included a professional portfolio detailing his education and experience in psychology. He obtained a bachelor's degree in psychology from Argosy University in 2015 and is pursuing a master's degree in human services, anticipated to complete in 2017. His cover letter expresses his lifelong interest in helping others and desire to pursue a career in psychology. His resume highlights qualifications and experience in various roles, including as a volunteer at a VA hospital and as an electrical instructor. References and transcripts are also included.
This document analyzes the genre conventions, audiences, images, fonts/colors, and layouts of contents pages from four music magazines: Q Magazine, Mixmag, and DJ Magazine. It finds that the magazines' contents pages generally feature many large images taking up half the page, with text organized alongside. The magazines target young adult audiences aged 16-35 interested in genres like indie (Q), dance (Mixmag, DJ). Fonts and colors are used prominently with white backgrounds to make images and text stand out. Layouts keep contents pages organized without being cluttered.
This document provides an overview of different research paradigms and approaches. It discusses positivism and interpretivism as the two dominant epistemological views. Positivism follows the scientific method and seeks objective facts, while interpretivism sees knowledge as subjective and seeks meanings and interpretations. The document then outlines some key features and differences between positivist and interpretive research approaches, including their views on the nature of reality, the role of the researcher, and the types of data and methods typically used.
Voteaza Transportatorul Anului 2014!
Voteaza Transportatorul Anului 2014, dupa ce te informezi din numarul de septembrie al revistei cu privire la atuurile fiecarei companii din finala concursului: Asexpress, Cartrans Romania, Com Divers Auto Ro, Marvi Logistic, Routier European Transport,Trans Car si Vio Trans Grup.Afla de la RAR numarul autovehiculelor detarate sub 3,5 t in ultimii 8 ani si de la ARR ultimele informatii privind recuperarea celor 4 eurocenti din acciza. Citeşte interviul cu Directorul Direcției Rutiere in cadrul IGPR, comisarul sef Florentin Bracea, şi informeaza-te despre cum sa alegi anvelopa potrivita… şi cum o urmareşti. Afla cum a ajuns Romania in elita logisticii europene si cum arata proiectele in concurs pentru editia 2014 a Premiilor ARILOG. Informeaza-te cu privire la pericolul din umbra pe care il reprezinta supraincrederea şi despre modul in care charterele prind curaj pe piata de transport persoane.
El documento describe las redes sociales y su historia, mencionando plataformas como Facebook, Twitter y MySpace. También discute redes sociales profesionales como LinkedIn y redes verticales como para lectores y atletas. Finalmente, analiza problemas de seguridad en las redes sociales y su potencial en educación.
Este documento resume las redes sociales, su evolución e impacto. Define las redes sociales como sitios web que permiten a los usuarios registrarse e interactuar. Explica que las redes sociales comenzaron a mediados de 1995 y evolucionaron para incluir a más usuarios y funciones. Destaca que las redes sociales han cambiado la forma de comunicación al permitir interacción entre personas de todo el mundo y analiza algunas de las redes sociales más populares como Facebook y Twitter.
El documento habla sobre los principios básicos del diseño gráfico. Explica que el diseño gráfico tiene como objetivo concebir y realizar comunicaciones visuales para transmitir mensajes a grupos específicos. También describe algunos principios clave del diseño como la unidad, armonía, secuencia, énfasis y equilibrio. El diseño gráfico responde a problemas de comunicación visual de manera responsable y culturalmente relevante.
El documento analiza los desafíos que enfrentan los sistemas educativos ante la expansión de las nuevas tecnologías. Aborda dos preocupaciones: la inclusión digital para reducir brechas de acceso y uso de las TIC, y los desafíos pedagógicos que implica introducir nuevas tecnologías en las escuelas. Plantea que las escuelas deben asumir su responsabilidad en promover usos ricos y relevantes de las tecnologías, en lugar de creer que los jóvenes son "nativos digitales" que no neces
Este documento describe la evolución de la Web 1.0 a la Web 2.0, destacando que la Web 1.0 tenía unos pocos productores de contenido que creaban sitios estáticos para muchos lectores, mientras que la Web 2.0 permite a los usuarios ser productores de contenido y compartir microcontenidos de forma colaborativa. También analiza el poder de las redes sociales y cómo la Web 2.0 educativa puede aprovechar las nuevas formas de construcción del conocimiento en la era digital.
Mind trek gamification_printerready_110806_sde_accepted_len_changes_1Svetlana Belyaeva
This document defines and analyzes the concept of "gamification". It begins by tracing the origins and definitions of gamification in industry, noting debates around its meaning. It then discusses relevant precursors from fields like human-computer interaction and game studies, such as serious games, pervasive games, and playful design. Finally, it proposes a definition of gamification as "the use of game design elements in non-game contexts" and argues it should be considered as distinct from but complementary to concepts of playfulness.
This document discusses how to convert excellence into a daily reality through intentional actions and thoughts. It explores how one can impact the quality of their life and those around them by being mindful of how they spend their time and the thoughts they think. The document provides guidance on using principles like CAB (Commitment, Attitude, Belief) to intentionally design their experiences and achieve their goals.
Mi lenguaje de programación de preferenciaKaren Rivera
Visual Basic es un lenguaje de programación orientado a interfaces gráficas que es fácil de aprender y usar para crear aplicaciones simples, lo que lo hace popular entre empresas para desarrollar sistemas de gestión internos. Aunque tiene limitaciones para aplicaciones más complejas, sigue siendo una opción común debido a la amplia disponibilidad de programadores capacitados en este lenguaje.
Este documento discute la diferencia entre objetivos y expectativas de logro en el contexto de la planificación educativa. Explica que los objetivos se enfocan en conductas observables, mientras que las expectativas de logro se enfocan en procesos cognitivos y capacidades que los estudiantes pueden desarrollar a largo plazo. También describe cómo diferentes enfoques didácticos han clasificado los objetivos de manera diferente y cómo las expectativas de logro incluyen capacidades intelectuales, prácticas y sociales.
Este documento describe estrategias para enseñar ciencias centradas en el desarrollo de competencias a través de un enfoque de indagación. Propone que los estudiantes aprendan de forma individual y colaborativa mediante el uso de herramientas digitales. También enfatiza la importancia de que los alumnos desarrollen habilidades de pensamiento científico como el cuestionamiento y la argumentación basada en evidencia. Finalmente, presenta un ciclo de indagación que guía a los estudiantes en el proceso de investigación científica
The document traces the origins and development of key technologies and events in the history of the Internet from 1969 to 2000. It describes the establishment of ARPANET in 1969 connecting four major universities, the introduction of electronic mail in 1972, the development of TCP/IP in 1973 which became the standard for communication between computers, and the use of domain names from 1984. Major milestones included the launch of the first commercial online service in 1989, the development of the World Wide Web in the same year, and the rapid growth of Internet usage and commerce in the mid-1990s.
Årets första nummer av Information från Läkemedelsverket innehåller nya rekommendationer för antibiotikabehandling i tandvården. Tandläkare förskriver cirka 7 % av all antibiotika som hämtas ut på svenska apotek och problemet med antibiotikaresistens ökar. Detta nummer innehåller också en artikel om Pangea VI, 2013 års operation mot olagliga läkemedel samt många fler spännande artiklar.
Un código de ética establece normas de comportamiento para personas dentro de una organización sobre temas como divulgar información confidencial, discriminación, y sobornos. La ética se refiere a lo que es bueno y malo, y un código de ética fija normas internas obligatorias aunque no imponga castigos legales.
"New England Tornado Hazard: Climatology and Risk" by MD StamponeMary Stampone
Mary D. Stampone
Department of Geography
New Hampshire State Climate Office
University of New Hampshire
Presentation to the Plymouth State University
Environmental Science & Policy Colloquium.
Reference:
Stampone M.D. (2012) New England Tornado Hazard: Climatology and Risk – Plymouth State University Environmental Science Colloquium, Plymouth, NH, September 19, 2012
This document contains 23 multiple choice questions about biology topics such as evolution, natural selection, biodiversity, ecosystems, and unusual life forms. The questions cover subjects like fossil evidence, homologous structures, vestigial organs, survival of the fittest, habitat loss, and the proportion of insects to mammals. Students are asked to choose the best answer from the options provided or explain their reasoning.
This document discusses networking and the components that make up a network. It defines networking as linking electronic devices together to share information. There are different types of networks like local area networks (LANs) and wireless local area networks (WLANs). Key components that enable networking include network servers, routers, wireless adapters, and cables. Wireless networks provide mobility and flexibility but can be less secure and reliable than wired networks. The document provides an overview of basic networking concepts.
Kids Club Smilecatch // Family Fun Activities 06Smilecatch
We can learn in family while having fun. This is the philosophy in our kids club smilecatch. Activities able to develop your children while having fun.
Great science experiments with instructions that you can do right at home or at school. In order for your science experiment to be safe and successful, be sure to:
Get your parent’s or teacher’s permission, and their help
Follow the directions as written
The document describes 5 science experiments that students can conduct to learn about various scientific concepts:
1. The first experiment uses vinegar and eggs to demonstrate how the calcium carbonate in eggshells reacts with acetic acid in vinegar.
2. The second experiment involves creating a color spinning top to show how primary colors mix together and appear white when spun rapidly.
3. The third experiment uses magnets and toy cars to show the attraction and repulsion of opposite and similar magnetic poles.
4. The fourth experiment tests the conduction of heat through different materials like wood, plastic and metal spoons.
5. The fifth experiment transfers oil between cups using a playing card to demonstrate differences in density
This document provides an overview of different research paradigms and approaches. It discusses positivism and interpretivism as the two dominant epistemological views. Positivism follows the scientific method and seeks objective facts, while interpretivism sees knowledge as subjective and seeks meanings and interpretations. The document then outlines some key features and differences between positivist and interpretive research approaches, including their views on the nature of reality, the role of the researcher, and the types of data and methods typically used.
Voteaza Transportatorul Anului 2014!
Voteaza Transportatorul Anului 2014, dupa ce te informezi din numarul de septembrie al revistei cu privire la atuurile fiecarei companii din finala concursului: Asexpress, Cartrans Romania, Com Divers Auto Ro, Marvi Logistic, Routier European Transport,Trans Car si Vio Trans Grup.Afla de la RAR numarul autovehiculelor detarate sub 3,5 t in ultimii 8 ani si de la ARR ultimele informatii privind recuperarea celor 4 eurocenti din acciza. Citeşte interviul cu Directorul Direcției Rutiere in cadrul IGPR, comisarul sef Florentin Bracea, şi informeaza-te despre cum sa alegi anvelopa potrivita… şi cum o urmareşti. Afla cum a ajuns Romania in elita logisticii europene si cum arata proiectele in concurs pentru editia 2014 a Premiilor ARILOG. Informeaza-te cu privire la pericolul din umbra pe care il reprezinta supraincrederea şi despre modul in care charterele prind curaj pe piata de transport persoane.
El documento describe las redes sociales y su historia, mencionando plataformas como Facebook, Twitter y MySpace. También discute redes sociales profesionales como LinkedIn y redes verticales como para lectores y atletas. Finalmente, analiza problemas de seguridad en las redes sociales y su potencial en educación.
Este documento resume las redes sociales, su evolución e impacto. Define las redes sociales como sitios web que permiten a los usuarios registrarse e interactuar. Explica que las redes sociales comenzaron a mediados de 1995 y evolucionaron para incluir a más usuarios y funciones. Destaca que las redes sociales han cambiado la forma de comunicación al permitir interacción entre personas de todo el mundo y analiza algunas de las redes sociales más populares como Facebook y Twitter.
El documento habla sobre los principios básicos del diseño gráfico. Explica que el diseño gráfico tiene como objetivo concebir y realizar comunicaciones visuales para transmitir mensajes a grupos específicos. También describe algunos principios clave del diseño como la unidad, armonía, secuencia, énfasis y equilibrio. El diseño gráfico responde a problemas de comunicación visual de manera responsable y culturalmente relevante.
El documento analiza los desafíos que enfrentan los sistemas educativos ante la expansión de las nuevas tecnologías. Aborda dos preocupaciones: la inclusión digital para reducir brechas de acceso y uso de las TIC, y los desafíos pedagógicos que implica introducir nuevas tecnologías en las escuelas. Plantea que las escuelas deben asumir su responsabilidad en promover usos ricos y relevantes de las tecnologías, en lugar de creer que los jóvenes son "nativos digitales" que no neces
Este documento describe la evolución de la Web 1.0 a la Web 2.0, destacando que la Web 1.0 tenía unos pocos productores de contenido que creaban sitios estáticos para muchos lectores, mientras que la Web 2.0 permite a los usuarios ser productores de contenido y compartir microcontenidos de forma colaborativa. También analiza el poder de las redes sociales y cómo la Web 2.0 educativa puede aprovechar las nuevas formas de construcción del conocimiento en la era digital.
Mind trek gamification_printerready_110806_sde_accepted_len_changes_1Svetlana Belyaeva
This document defines and analyzes the concept of "gamification". It begins by tracing the origins and definitions of gamification in industry, noting debates around its meaning. It then discusses relevant precursors from fields like human-computer interaction and game studies, such as serious games, pervasive games, and playful design. Finally, it proposes a definition of gamification as "the use of game design elements in non-game contexts" and argues it should be considered as distinct from but complementary to concepts of playfulness.
This document discusses how to convert excellence into a daily reality through intentional actions and thoughts. It explores how one can impact the quality of their life and those around them by being mindful of how they spend their time and the thoughts they think. The document provides guidance on using principles like CAB (Commitment, Attitude, Belief) to intentionally design their experiences and achieve their goals.
Mi lenguaje de programación de preferenciaKaren Rivera
Visual Basic es un lenguaje de programación orientado a interfaces gráficas que es fácil de aprender y usar para crear aplicaciones simples, lo que lo hace popular entre empresas para desarrollar sistemas de gestión internos. Aunque tiene limitaciones para aplicaciones más complejas, sigue siendo una opción común debido a la amplia disponibilidad de programadores capacitados en este lenguaje.
Este documento discute la diferencia entre objetivos y expectativas de logro en el contexto de la planificación educativa. Explica que los objetivos se enfocan en conductas observables, mientras que las expectativas de logro se enfocan en procesos cognitivos y capacidades que los estudiantes pueden desarrollar a largo plazo. También describe cómo diferentes enfoques didácticos han clasificado los objetivos de manera diferente y cómo las expectativas de logro incluyen capacidades intelectuales, prácticas y sociales.
Este documento describe estrategias para enseñar ciencias centradas en el desarrollo de competencias a través de un enfoque de indagación. Propone que los estudiantes aprendan de forma individual y colaborativa mediante el uso de herramientas digitales. También enfatiza la importancia de que los alumnos desarrollen habilidades de pensamiento científico como el cuestionamiento y la argumentación basada en evidencia. Finalmente, presenta un ciclo de indagación que guía a los estudiantes en el proceso de investigación científica
The document traces the origins and development of key technologies and events in the history of the Internet from 1969 to 2000. It describes the establishment of ARPANET in 1969 connecting four major universities, the introduction of electronic mail in 1972, the development of TCP/IP in 1973 which became the standard for communication between computers, and the use of domain names from 1984. Major milestones included the launch of the first commercial online service in 1989, the development of the World Wide Web in the same year, and the rapid growth of Internet usage and commerce in the mid-1990s.
Årets första nummer av Information från Läkemedelsverket innehåller nya rekommendationer för antibiotikabehandling i tandvården. Tandläkare förskriver cirka 7 % av all antibiotika som hämtas ut på svenska apotek och problemet med antibiotikaresistens ökar. Detta nummer innehåller också en artikel om Pangea VI, 2013 års operation mot olagliga läkemedel samt många fler spännande artiklar.
Un código de ética establece normas de comportamiento para personas dentro de una organización sobre temas como divulgar información confidencial, discriminación, y sobornos. La ética se refiere a lo que es bueno y malo, y un código de ética fija normas internas obligatorias aunque no imponga castigos legales.
"New England Tornado Hazard: Climatology and Risk" by MD StamponeMary Stampone
Mary D. Stampone
Department of Geography
New Hampshire State Climate Office
University of New Hampshire
Presentation to the Plymouth State University
Environmental Science & Policy Colloquium.
Reference:
Stampone M.D. (2012) New England Tornado Hazard: Climatology and Risk – Plymouth State University Environmental Science Colloquium, Plymouth, NH, September 19, 2012
This document contains 23 multiple choice questions about biology topics such as evolution, natural selection, biodiversity, ecosystems, and unusual life forms. The questions cover subjects like fossil evidence, homologous structures, vestigial organs, survival of the fittest, habitat loss, and the proportion of insects to mammals. Students are asked to choose the best answer from the options provided or explain their reasoning.
This document discusses networking and the components that make up a network. It defines networking as linking electronic devices together to share information. There are different types of networks like local area networks (LANs) and wireless local area networks (WLANs). Key components that enable networking include network servers, routers, wireless adapters, and cables. Wireless networks provide mobility and flexibility but can be less secure and reliable than wired networks. The document provides an overview of basic networking concepts.
Kids Club Smilecatch // Family Fun Activities 06Smilecatch
We can learn in family while having fun. This is the philosophy in our kids club smilecatch. Activities able to develop your children while having fun.
Great science experiments with instructions that you can do right at home or at school. In order for your science experiment to be safe and successful, be sure to:
Get your parent’s or teacher’s permission, and their help
Follow the directions as written
The document describes 5 science experiments that students can conduct to learn about various scientific concepts:
1. The first experiment uses vinegar and eggs to demonstrate how the calcium carbonate in eggshells reacts with acetic acid in vinegar.
2. The second experiment involves creating a color spinning top to show how primary colors mix together and appear white when spun rapidly.
3. The third experiment uses magnets and toy cars to show the attraction and repulsion of opposite and similar magnetic poles.
4. The fourth experiment tests the conduction of heat through different materials like wood, plastic and metal spoons.
5. The fifth experiment transfers oil between cups using a playing card to demonstrate differences in density
The document describes an activity to model how the heart functions as a pump. Students will use a balloon, jar of water, and straws to demonstrate how the heart pumps blood through the body. When the balloon is pressed, it will cause the water in the jar to be pushed through the straws, similar to how the heart contracts and pumps blood through the veins. The model is intended to help explain that the heart pumps blood continuously in a cycle and would not function properly if the veins (represented by the straws) were blocked.
1. The document provides instructions and explanations for 6 hands-on experiments about vision and light. The experiments demonstrate principles like refraction, total internal reflection, and how these principles allow vision and the formation of rainbows.
2. Key experiments include using a glass of water to make a coin appear to "disappear" due to refraction, as well as using a water-filled bottle to demonstrate how total internal reflection allows light to travel along the stream of water, simulating fiber optics.
3. By setting up mirrors and a bowl of water, another experiment shows how refraction of sunlight through water can form a rainbow on a wall, simulating the optical properties of a prism. The hands-
1) Pinch pots are formed by pinching clay between the thumb and fingers to create walls of even thickness.
2) To make two pinch pots fit together, begin with equally sized balls of clay and pinch one pot, leaving the other unformed. Trim uneven rims and smooth any cracks.
3) If one pinch pot is wider than the other, cut a triangular wedge from the wider pot and fold the clay over itself to narrow the opening.
This document outlines an experiment to investigate the effects of atmospheric pressure. The objective is to understand how atmospheric pressure affects the ability to suck water through straws and blow up a balloon inside a bottle. In the first part of the experiment, students find it difficult to suck water through two straws at once but easier when one straw has a hole, demonstrating the effect of air pressure. In the second part, a balloon can only be inflated inside a bottle with a hole and stays inflated when the hole is covered, again showing the role of pressure differences. Understanding atmospheric pressure is important as it influences living things and relates to issues like global warming.
This document provides instructions for 4 science experiments involving kitchen materials:
1) Creating a "rainbow" out of paper towel that demonstrates capillary action by absorbing water through small holes.
2) Making a "lava lamp" by layering oil, vinegar, and baking soda that produces bubbles as the vinegar reacts with the baking soda.
3) Using lemon juice and heat to make invisible writing appear on paper due to the carbon in lemon juice browning when heated.
4) Growing crystals on string between two jars of hot water and baking soda that cool to form a super-saturated solution and deposit crystals.
When asked to come up with some fun summer activities and tie in chemistry, this is the final product. I know so little about chemistry, but found this fun and educational. So, all you fellow ELA teachers, rejoice! This is for you too.
The document provides instructions for a multi-week school project where students will work in groups to construct paper mache volcanoes. It outlines 11 steps for building an erupting volcano, including forming groups, researching volcanoes, constructing the volcano structure, adding paper mache layers, decorating, and creating an eruption. Students will then write a reflection report on their project before submitting their volcano model, research, and report for a grade. The project aims to authentically simulate the process of designing and carrying out a natural disaster-themed science project.
The document provides instructions for folding napkins into various shapes, including the pyramid, bird of paradise, standing fan, basic and fancy silverware pouches, fleur de lys goblet, rose, French, candle, and twin candle folds. Each fold is demonstrated through multiple step-by-step images and explanations to transform a standard napkin into decorative shapes.
This document provides instructions for making a miniature tornado in a bottle along with background information on real tornadoes. The instructions involve filling two plastic bottles with water and glitter, taping them together, and shaking to create circular motion and a small tornado. The science section then explains that tornadoes form due to opposing air currents colliding and spinning, and discusses updrafts, downdrafts, the role of supercell storms, measuring tornado strength on the Fujita scale, and safety during tornadoes.
This document summarizes 5 experiments that can be performed using common household items to demonstrate properties of air:
1. Pouring a "glass of air" by transferring air bubbles from one glass to another submerged in water, making air visible.
2. Inverting a full glass of water without spilling by taking advantage of greater air pressure outside pressing the water in.
3. Crushing an empty oil can by boiling water inside to remove air, then cooling and screwing the cap on, allowing greater outside air pressure to crush the can.
4. Demonstrating air's weight by trying unsuccessfully to lift a board covered with newspaper, as the air pressure holds it down.
5
To make a tornado in a bottle you will need:
- Two 2L plastic bottles
- Glitter
- Water
- Newspaper
- Tape
- Mini figures
The process involves pouring water and mini figures into one bottle, adding glitter, taping the empty bottle onto the full bottle, and then shaking it in a circular motion to create a vortex that may suck up one of the mini figures. Tornadoes form naturally when different wind currents collide and spin around each other.
To make a tornado in a bottle you will need:
- Two 2L plastic bottles
- Glitter
- Water
- Newspaper
- Tape
- Mini figures
The process involves filling one bottle with water and glitter, securing the empty bottle on top with tape, and then shaking it in a circular motion to create a vortex that may suck up the mini figures inside. Tornadoes form naturally when different wind currents collide and spin around each other.
These documents provide instructions for making Halloween crafts and decorations, including bouncy bats made from egg cartons, Halloween bookmarks made from construction paper and egg cartons, and a pop-up Halloween card that involves carving a pumpkin. The bookmarks are made by cutting bat wings from construction paper, taping them inside egg carton cups with rubber bands, and adding eyes made of buttons or other materials. The pop-up card instructions describe how to cut openings and designs into a pumpkin using simple hand tools like pokers, drills, and saws.
The document summarizes some key features of air through descriptions and experiments. It notes that air is colorless, odorless, and tasteless, yet has weight and fills all space. Experiments are described to show that air prevents water from passing through an upside down cup until it is tilted, and that air pressure keeps a card from sinking when placed on water in a beaker. Further experiments demonstrate air's ability to dry a coin submerged in water and how heated air in a glass lifts water. The document concludes by describing a homemade greenhouse and how it works to trap heat from the sun using aluminum foil and black cardboard around jars.
Bubbles filled with fog are even cooler than regular bubbles. You can make "Boo Bubbles" by filling bubbles with a carbon dioxide cloud using a cloud bubble generator. The generator uses a two liter bottle, dry ice, a funnel, and tubing to create a fog that can be used to fill bubbles. When the bubbles hit the ground, they burst and the cloud of fog erupts, making it a fun science experiment.
This document provides instructions for creating a miniature tornado in a bottle using two 2-liter bottles, water, glitter, tape, and a toy person. The bottles are taped tightly together and then shaken in a circular motion, causing the water and glitter to swirl and form a vortex inside. Real tornados form when warm and cool air masses collide in thunderstorms, causing the air to spin vertically down from the cloud to the ground at high speeds.
This document provides instructions for creating a miniature tornado in a bottle using two 2-liter bottles, water, glitter, and tape. The bottles are taped together tightly and then inverted and shaken to create a vortex that mimics a tornado, entertaining observers. Real tornados form when warm and cool air masses collide in thunderstorms, causing an updraft and downdraft that can spin at high speeds and collect debris, warranting shelter from the dangerous storms.
(June 12, 2024) Webinar: Development of PET theranostics targeting the molecu...Scintica Instrumentation
Targeting Hsp90 and its pathogen Orthologs with Tethered Inhibitors as a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategy for cancer and infectious diseases with Dr. Timothy Haystead.
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...Leonel Morgado
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.
The cost of acquiring information by natural selectionCarl Bergstrom
This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome.
It's based on the first part of this research paper:
The cost of information acquisition by natural selection
Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom
bioRxiv 2022.07.02.498577; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.02.498577
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defectsSérgio Sacani
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
PPT on Direct Seeded Rice presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
Sexuality - Issues, Attitude and Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psyc...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...Sérgio Sacani
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...Leonel Morgado
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically youngSérgio Sacani
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
1. What you need
Two polystyrene cups
Two large elastic bands
Sticky tape
Instructions
1. Tape the two polystyrene cups together at the base.
2. Tie the two elastic bands together.
3. Hold one end of the elastic where the cups join and wind it around a few times until the
other end of the elastic is at the bottom and pointing away from you.
4. Hold the cups in one hand and stretch the elastic with the other.
5. Fire the cups like a catapult.
Results & explanation
Once you've had a bit of practice, the cups will soon be looping in the air.
This is because elastic makes the cups spin backwards as well as move forward through the air.
This back spin creates lift, forcing the cups upwards. But air resistance soon slows the cups
down and they fall towards the ground, completing the loop.
2. What you need
A cone shaped party hat
Scissors
A soft ball
A friend
Instructions
1. Cut the tip off the party hat to make a hole about 2cm in diameter.
2. Wear the hat over your face.
3. Try to play catch with your friend using a soft ball.
Results & explanation
When you’re wearing the hat you can only see with one eye at a time. Without your normal,
two-eyed, binocular vision you can’t judge distances as well and it’s much harder to catc h the
ball.
3. What you need
A balloon
An empty pop can (aluminium cans are best)
Instructions
Tell your friend you can make the can roll along without touching it or blowing it
Place the can on its side on a flat surface
Rub the balloon really fast against your hair or a woolly jumper.
Hold the balloon close to the can. The can will start moving towards the balloon.
Slowly move the balloon away from the can and the can will follow it.
Results & explanation
When you rub the balloon against your hair, electrons are transferred from your hair to the
surface of the balloon, so that it becomes negatively charged.
When you hold the balloon close to the can the negative charge causes the electrons in the can
to move away ( they are repulsed by the negative charge, because they are negatively charged
themselves). This creates a positive charge on the surface of the can, so that now the can is
attracted towards the negative charge on the balloon.
4. This trick works well with a pop can because it's light, so it will move with a small force applied
to it, and because in a metal it is easier for electrons to move around.
What you need
- Kitchen towels
- Water
- Non-permanent coloured felt tip pens
Instructions
1. Draw a dot in the centre of the kitchen towel with a felt tip pen. Black works well, but you can
experiment with other colours.
2. Add a few drops of water to the dot.
Results & explanation
As the water spreads through the tissue, the coloured pigments that make up the ink separate
out.
The differently coloured pigments are made up of different -sized molecules. This means that the
water can carry them different distances across the paper.
5. What you need
Two identical paper or plastic cups
Instructions
1. Take two empty cups and put one inside the other.
2. Hold them quite close to your mouth and blow between the rims of the cups
Results & explanation
If you blow softly the inner cup rises up slowly. If you blow hard the top cup launches itself
across the room.
Moving air has a lower pressure than still air, so, as you blow, you lower the air pressure
between the rims. As the still air in the bottom of the cup is at a higher pressure, it forces the top
cup up and out.
6. What you need
uncooked rice
a pencil
a large empty jar with a narrow neck
Instructions
Fill the jar to the brim with uncooked rice (make sure you have a jar that narrows towards the
top)
Push the pencil right into the rice
Stab the rice repeatedly, alternating between shallow and deep stabs. It could take up to 40
stabs, but you'll start to feel the pencil gripping the rice.
When you feel a firm grip, carefully lift the jar by the pencil.
Results & explanation
The pencil lifts the jar
As you push it in, the pencil forces the grains sideways, but they fall back into the gap as you try
to pull it out. The rice becomes more and more tightly packed until the friction between the rice
and the pencil is so great you can lift the jar.
7. What you need
1. A large clear, straight-sided glass
2. water
3. milk
4. teaspoon
5. torch
6. darkened room
Instructions
1. Fill the glass about two thirds full of water
2. Add half a teaspoon of milk and stir
3. In a darkened room, shine the torch down onto the top of the water while looking
through the side of the glass. Can you see the blue colour?
4. Now try shining the torch through the side of the glass while looking through the
opposite side. What colours can you see now?
5. Finally, shine the torch up through the bottom of the glass and peer down through the
water.
Results & explanation
While shining the light up through the bottom of the glass, you should see a 'homemade sunset'.
The milk particles in the glass scatter the light in the same way that dust and particles in the
Earth's atmosphere scatter light from the sun. The further the light has to travel through the
water, the more of the blue light is scattered, leaving only red light for you to see, just like at
sunset.
8. What you need
An empty fizzy drink can
Some water
Instructions
1. Pour about 100ml of water into an empty fizzy pop can.
2. Tip it slightly to one side and balance it so that the two parts of the bottom rim are
touching the table.
3. Once the can is stable, give it a gentle push and it will pirouette!
Results & explanation
For something to balance, its centre of mass has to be above its point of support. Water can
flow which means that as the can pirouettes, the water moves and the centre of mass always
stays above where the rim touches the table.
9. What you need
1. Two very similar books, with at least 100 pages each.
Instructions
1. Carefully, and evenly, interweave the pages of the books son that they overlap to about
the middle of the page.
2. Hold the books by the spines and pull!
Results & explanation
Friction is the force that acts against the motion of two surfaces in contact. The friction between
the just two pages is tiny, but with lots of pages in the books, the force becomes very
noticeable.
10. What you need
1. 2 litre plastic bottle
2. Blue Tac
3. a bowl of water
4. a ketchup sachet
Marvin says, "Today we are going deep sea diving with this ketchup sachet."
Instructions
1. Put the ketchup sachet into a bowl of water to see if it floats upright - if not then add a
little Blue Tac to its bottom.
2. Fill the 2 litre bottle with water right to the top.
3. Push your ketchup diver through the neck of the bottle.
4. Put the lid on tightly, squeeze the bottle hard and watch your diver dive.
Results & explanation
The diver sinks when you squeeze the bottle, and rises when you let go.
Tip: if you diver doesn't dive, or sinks without rising, change the amount of blue tac on the
sachet.
Squeezing the bottle queezes everything inside it, including the air bubbles in the ketchup
sachet. As the air molecules squash together, the sachet gets more dense than the water and
itsinks. What happens when you stop squeezing?
11. What you need
Marvin says, "Hey Milo, let's do some chicken impressions'
1. a plastic cup or yoghurt pot
2. a damp cloth
3. smooth string
4. pencil or biro
Instructions
1. Make a hole in the bottom of a plastic cup with a pencil or biro
2. Cut a length of string, thread it through the hole, and tie a knot in the end inside the cup
to stop it from slipping back through the hole.
3. Take the damp cloth and hold it tightly around the string. Now pull the cloth firmly along
the string to hear the cup cluck.
Results & explanation
Pulling the cloth along the string makes it vibrate and produce a faint sound. But the cup and air
around it also vibrate so the sound is amplified enough for us to hear it.
12. What you need
1. a paperclip
2. water
3. two identical glasses
Marvin bets Milo that he can make the paperclip move without touching it.
Instructions
1. Put equal amounts of water in both glasses and stand them next to each other but not
touching.
2. Straighten out the paperpclip into a straight wire, then bend it slightly (it should be
shaped more-or-less like a boomerang), Balance it on the rim of one of the glasses.
3. With a wet finger, rub around the rim of the other glass until it "sings"
4. The paperclip moves!
Results & explanation
Rubbing the glass makes it vibrate at its natural frequency. Because the other glass is identical
it has the same natural frequency and the sound waves from the other glass make it vibrate as
well - so the paperclip moves.
13. What you need
1. two apples with stalks
2. two pieces of string about 30cm long
3. some sticky tape
Instructions
1. Tie a piece of string to the stalk of each apple
2. Use the tape to hang up the two apples so that they are about 6cm apart and free to
swing
3. Blow hard between the apples. What happens?
Results & explanation
The apples move toward each other. Blowing reduces the air pressure in the gap between the
apples. The air pushing on the outer sides of the apples makes them move into the area of
lower pressure, so they move towards each other.
14. What you need
1. Water
2. Clear plastic watertight bag ( e.g. watertight, resealable food bag)
3. Some pencils
Instructions
1. Fill the plastic bag with water
2. Push a pencil through the bag
3. Then another... and another
Results & explanation
The bag doesn't burst because the plastic stretches rather than tears as the pencils are pushed
through it. If you take a pencil out you can plug the leak simply by putting it back through the
holes.
15. What you need
1. small plastic drinks bottle
2. some water
3. drawing pin
Instructions
1. Use the drawing pin to make three small holes about 4mm apart at the bottom of the
bottle and one near the neck
2. Fill the bottle with water and put the top on (tip: cover up the top hole to stop the water
shooting out of the bottom three).
3. With the top hole uncovered, three water jets will shoot out of the bottom holes. What
happens when you smear the jets together with your thumb, near the holes?
Results & explanation
Once the jets have been smeared together they stay together due to surface tension.
16. What you need
1. a jug of water
2. about 50cm of string
3. A basin or sink
Instructions
1. Tie the string around the handle of the jug and pull it across the top and over the lip
2. Hold the string tight at an angle, below the jug, and begin to pour.
Results & explanation
The water flows along the string. The friction betweemn the string and the water slows down the
flow, pulling the water to the string and making it stick to it. Try creating an amazing route for the
water by holding the string at different angles, even getting the water to turn corners as it goes
down. But be careful, no sharp turns or the water falls off!
17. What you need
1. Three straws
2. a glass fo drinking water
3. A drawing pin ( for making a small hole in one of the straws)
Instructions
1. Bet your friend that they can't suck up any of the water with two straws in their mouth
2. The catch is that they have to have one straw outside of the glass, and one inside.
What happens?
3. Make a small hole 3 cm from the top of the other straw
4. What happens when your friend tries to suck water using just this straw?
Results & explanation
It's impossible to suck water through the straws. In order for the water to be forced into your
mouth, the pressure outside your mouth (atmospheric pressure) needs to be greater than the
pressure inside. This means that no matter how you suck, a straw won't work if air can get into
your mouth.
18. What you need
1. a bendy straw
2. water
3. two small flat bowls
4. food colouring
Instructions
1. Fill one bowl with water and a little food colouring
2. Half fill the second bowl
3. submerge the straw in water, making sure you get rid of any air bubbles, and tightly
pinch the ends of the straw before you pull it out.
4. Hold the straw with one end in each bowl, and release the ends when they're under the
water
Results & explanation
The bowl with the higher water level has more stored (potential) energy, so water moves
through the straw to the lower level.
19. What you need
1. a plastic container
2. a metal frying pan
3. 2 identical ice cubes
Instructions
1. Place the frying pan and the container upside down next to each other.
2. Quickly put an ice cube on each.
Results & explanation
Heat can flow through the metal to the ice cube, but the plastic doesn't allow it to flow so freely.
20. What you need
1. a drinking straw - cut in half
2. a balloon
3. a long piece of string
4. a clothes peg
5. sticky tape
Instructions
1. Blow up the balloon and peg the neck to keep the air in.
2. Thread the straw with the string and then tape it lengthways to the balloon.
3. Tie the string across the room.
4. Now unclip the peg!
Results & explanation
As the air rushes out it pushes back on the balloon propelling it forward.
21. What you need
1. an empty juice carton
2. a piece of string
3. a pair of scissors
4. a washing-up bowl
5. water
Instructions
1. Get an adult to poke a hole in the bottom left-hand corner of each face of the carton.
2. Poke another hole in the top flap and thread the string through it.
3. Put some water in the bowl, stand the carton in it, then fill it up to the top.
4. Lift the carton out by the string.
Results & explanation
As the water shoots out it pushes back on the carton with an equal force. Because the holes are
off-centre this force makes it spin around.
22. What you need
1. a glass of water
2. a piece of paper
3. a marker pen
Instructions
1. Draw a column of short arrows.
2. Hold the paper a little way behind the glass and look through the water at the arrows.
Results & explanation
The arrows should point in the opposite direction. The water acts like a glass lens, bending the
rays of light and reversing the image of the arrows.
23. What you need
1. a tennis ball
2. a basketball
3. a room without breakables
Instructions
1. Drop the tennis ball from waist height and see how high it bounces.
2. Drop the basketball from the same height and see how high it bounces.
3. Put the tennis ball on top of the basketball and drop them both at arms length from
waist height.
Results & explanation
The tennis ball should bounce a lot higher than before. When the balls hit the ground,
momentum from the basketball was transferred to the tennis ball making it go much higher than
before.
24. What you need
1. a sheet of paper
2. cotton thread
3. scissors
Instructions
1. Cut a thick spiral shape in the piece of paper.
2. Make a hole in the centre and thread the cotton through it.
3. Hang the spiral above the radiator.
Results & explanation
The spiral should start to spin slowly. The radiator heats the air around it so the particles have
more energy to spread out. This means the air is less dense and rises upwards. The rising air
pushes on the paper causing it to spin.
25. What you need
1. a plastic bottle
2. some hot water
Instructions
1. Very carefully pour a little hot water into the bottle, or ask a grown-up to help
2. Shake the bottle.
3. Pour out the water.
4. Put the lid on, put the bottle down and wait a few minutes.
Results & explanation
The hot water gives the air energy - the pressure increases and the molecules spread out
(some leave the bottle). When the air cools, the pressure is lower than before because there
are fewer molecules bouncing around. The air pushing on the outside of the bottle has more
pressure, which crushes the bottle
26. What you need
1. a television (turned on!)
2. a rubber band
Instructions
1. Stretch the rubber band between your thumb and first finger.
2. Holding the band between you and the television screen, pluck one side.
Results & explanation
You should see the band make zig zag shapes. The television picture is made up of tiny dots
flashing on and off. It acts like a strobe light, freezing the band's vibrations at di fferent positions
so it looks like it's moving in slow motion.
27. What you need
1. a piece of foil
2. scissors
3. washing-up liquid
4. a sink or bath
Instructions
1. Take your foil and cut a shape 4cm x 10cm. The shape should look like a house (or
rectangle with a triangle on top) with the base of the house being the shortest side.
From the base cut a slot with a circle on the top.
2. Gently place your boat into a sink full of clean water.
3. Carefully place a drop of washing-up liquid into the boat's hole.
Results & explanation
The boat moves! Water molecules are attracted to each other, creating "surface tension". The
soap distrupts the surface behind the boat but the molecules in front are still pulling together, so
the boat is pulled forward.
28. What you need
1. a stick (1m long)
2. a lump of clay
Instructions
1. Push a lump of clay about the size of your fist on to the stick 20cm from the end.
2. With the clay-end closest to your hand, try balancing the stick.
3. Now turn the stick upside down and try balancing it again.
Results & explanation
It's much easier to balance it the second way. The stick rotates slower when the clay is at the
top, so there's more time to adjust and keep it balanced. The further the mass is from the centre
of rotation (your hand), the slower it rotates.
29. What you need
1. five wooden toothpicks
2. a small sponge
3. a plate
4. a little water
Instructions
1. Snap the toothpicks in half but don't break them fully.
2. Arrange the toothpicks on the plate so they are spaced out with their broken ends
forming a small circle.
3. Carefully squeeze a drop of water into the middle. Make sure it touches the end of each
toothpick.
Results & explanation
The toothpicks move. Just like synchronised swimmers! The water makes the wood expand,
the broken ends press against each other and the toothpick opens out. The same thing
happens to doors when it's humid - they swell and get jammed.
30. What you need
An Alka-Seltzer tablet
An empty film canister
Old newspaper
Water
Instructions
1. Put the tablet in the film canister. Add about 1cm of water.
2. Put the lid on, lightly shake the canister.
3. Quickly place it upside down on the newspaper and stand back!
Results & explanation
The Alka-Seltzer fizzes when in water, releasing gas. This gas builds up in the canister until the
pressure is too great and the lid is forced off!
31. What you need
1. a metal coat hanger
2. two pieces of string
3. a fork
Instructions
1. Tie a piece of string to each corner of the coat hanger and wrap the ends around your
fingers.
2. Put your fingers in your ears and ask your friend to tap the hanger with the fork.
Results & explanation
It sounds louder because vibrations travel through the metal and string more easily than through
air.
32. What you need
1. a clear plastic bottle
2. a pen
3. a balloon (blow it up a few times beforehand)
Instructions
1. Make a hole in the bottom of the bottle with the pen.
2. Push the balloon inside and stretch it over the mouth.
3. Blow up the balloon.
4. Notice air is coming out of the hole in the bottle.
5. Cover the hole with your finger and stop blowing.
Results & explanation
The balloon stays inflated! As the balloon expanded, it pushed air out of the bottle. That made
the pressure inside the bottle lower than the pressure inside the balloon, so it wasn't strong
enough to squeeze the air out.
33. What you need
1. a large glass
2. lemonade (or fizzy water)
3. peanuts (or raisins)
Instructions
1. Fill the glass with lemonade.
2. Stir for 1 min or leave to go slightly flat.
3. Drop some peanuts into the glass.
Results & explanation
The nuts float up to the top and fall back down again, like in a lava lamp. Gas bubbles grow on
the peanuts, making them float upwards. When they reach the top the bubbles burst and the
peanuts fall back down again.
34. What you need
1. salt
2. a cup of cold water
3. 20cm of sewing thread
4. an ice cube
Instructions
1. Float the ice cube in the cup of water.
2. Lay one end of the thread (or a loop) on top of the ice cube.
3. Sprinkle a little salt over the top.
4. Wait one minute then gently lift the thread.
Results & explanation
Salt lowers the melting point of water so the ice melts. But the water quickly refreezes, trapping
the string in place.
35. What you need
1. a raw egg
2. a hard-boiled egg
Instructions
1. First spin the hard-boiled egg.
2. Stop it and let go immediately.
3. Watch what happens.
4. Now spin the raw egg.
5. Stop it and let it go immediately.
Results & explanation
The egg starts spinning! The yolk and the white aren't attached to the shell so they carry on
moving when you stop the raw egg. Get a friend to mix up the eggs and use the trick to tell
them apart.
36. What you need
1. a microwave
2. a bar of quality soap
Instructions
1. Put the soap on a dish in the microwave.
2. Heat it on full power for about 1 minute.
3. WARNING: The soap may smell strongly so don't do this before heating food.
Results & explanation
Tiny pockets of gas in the soap expand in all directions, pushing the soap into strange and
artistic shapes.
37. What you need
1. a nylon comb
2. a water tap
Instructions
1. Turn on the tap until you have a very thin stream of water.
2. Now grab your comb.
3. Run the comb through your hair several times.
4. Slowly bring the comb towards the water, 10cm below the tap.
Results & explanation
1. When the comb is about 3cm away, the water bends towards it!
2. Some objects, like hair and plastic, develop an electrical charge when rubbed together.
3. The charge in your comb attracts tiny electrical charges in the water molecules, pulling
them towards it.
38. What you need
1. a drinking straw
2. a friend
3. a ruler
4. Scissors
5. sticky tape
6. saucer of water
Instructions
1. The challenge is to lift the water from the saucer using a straw but without sucking.
2. Get your ruler and cut your drinking straw into two pieces: one 3cm long and one 5cm
long.
3. Join the pieces together with sticky tape along one side so they form a 90 degree angle,
but leave both ends open.
4. Stand the smaller end of the straw in the saucer of water.
5. Now blow hard!
Results & explanation
When air moves, its pressure falls. So when you blow, the pressure at the top of the straw
drops. But the air over the saucer keeps the same pressure, so the water is pushed up the
straw.