The concept of pain in Ayurveda is very closely related with its concept of health and disease. Life is a structure as well as function. So abnormalities of the structure and functions of life are mutually contributory. Life is a flow and when there is obstruction in the path of flow there will be turbulence and the smooth flow of life is disturbed, and if the obstructions are in the vital area that will be critical and may fatal.
Marma therapy (vital point injury treatments)It is a well-respected treatment modality known to be helpful and safe for a wide range of conditions. For these reasons, it is rapidly achieving international goodwill. Marma therapy involves a wide range of technical tissue stimulations conducted by a practitioner’s finger, hand, elbow, knee, or foot applied to muscle or soft tissue at vital points with some altered pressure variations and also with thermal stimulation. often uses manual techniques such as pushing, rubbing, kneading, or high-intensity, high-frequency
‘Ayurveda’, the science of life is constituted by two words, ‘ayus’ and ‘Veda’ meaning the science of ayus or the knowledge of life. ‘Ayus’ in this context denotes the continuity of consciousness or unified state of physical body, cognitive organs, mind, and soul. The physical body ‘sareera’ represents the gross structural and anatomical component of ‘ayu’ upon which the abnormalities of even the other subtle elements of ayus manifest.
The body and cognitive organs are perceptible only in the combination of ‘ayus’. The father of general medicine in ayurveda, Acharya Charaka explains the body; the seat of ‘chetana’ as an equilibrated combination of the modification of the five gross elements –‘Panchabhutavikara’. As per the principles of ayurveda, Panchamahabutas are involved right from the beginning of the development of fetus (fetal developments). the tridoshãs ‘vata’, ‘pitta’and ‘kapha’ performing the coordinating, transformative and generative functions of the body are also made up of panchmahabhutas (five elements). The entire body is constituted by ‘Paŕmanus”; the minutest units of panċhabhutas according to the philosophy of vaisheshika. The theory of tridoshã explains the process of health and diseases. Vata is predominantly constituted by Akashabhuta and vayubhuţa, Pitha by Agni bhuţa and Kapha by apbhuta and pŕthvibhuta. These somatic humors in a state of equilibrium work complimentary to each other, performing and controlling all physiological process of the body and mind to maintain health.
The entire human body is constituted by panchabhutas. This fact has been asserted by all Acharyas of Ayurveda. However the on the basis of predominance of bhuta composition the srothrendiya, sabdha and the conducting system in the body has been attributed to akasha bhuta, the sparsanedriya, the tactile sensations and all the movements of the body to Vayubhuta, the chakshurindriya the perception of vision, luster and metabolism to agnibhuta, rasanendriya the nutritive faculty and the various fluids in the body to the apyabhuta and the ghranendriya, the faculty of smell and the still grosser components of body like asthi, mamsa etc to prithvibhuta. This clearly demonstrates that all the components of sareera that is dosha , dhathu, mala etc are fundamentally panchabhoutika in nature.
Satwa, raja and thama are the trigunas. The satva guna predominance in human constitution leads to pure knowledge and health while the rajoguna and thamoguna predominance leads to ignorance, vitiation of tridoshãs and illhealth.
Acharya Suśhruta, the father of Indian surgery has defined ‘maŕma’ as primary seat of trigunas , tridoshãs and prâna. He has stated that the fatality attributed to maŕmagata is due to the vitiation of the three factors leading to deadly manifestation or even death.
Relevance of topic – maŕma
Muskulo-skeletal disorders are one of the chief challenges en
BY
Prof. Dr. N. Satya Prasad, M.D., PGDHM
GOLD MEDALIST
Sr. Reader / Civil Surgeon
Post Graduate department of Kayachikitsa
Dr. B.R.K.R. Government Ayurvedic college
Hyderabad, A.P., India
Email: satyapnamburu@gmail.com
astasthana pareeksha-
1.Nadi -The pulse
2.Mootram – The urine
3.Malam --The faeces
4.Jihwa – The tongue
5.Sabda – The voice
6.Sparsa – Examination by palpation
7.Drik -- The eyes
8.Akriti – Dimentions of the body
‘Ayurveda’, the science of life is constituted by two words, ‘ayus’ and ‘Veda’ meaning the science of ayus or the knowledge of life. ‘Ayus’ in this context denotes the continuity of consciousness or unified state of physical body, cognitive organs, mind, and soul. The physical body ‘sareera’ represents the gross structural and anatomical component of ‘ayu’ upon which the abnormalities of even the other subtle elements of ayus manifest.
The body and cognitive organs are perceptible only in the combination of ‘ayus’. The father of general medicine in ayurveda, Acharya Charaka explains the body; the seat of ‘chetana’ as an equilibrated combination of the modification of the five gross elements –‘Panchabhutavikara’. As per the principles of ayurveda, Panchamahabutas are involved right from the beginning of the development of fetus (fetal developments). the tridoshãs ‘vata’, ‘pitta’and ‘kapha’ performing the coordinating, transformative and generative functions of the body are also made up of panchmahabhutas (five elements). The entire body is constituted by ‘Paŕmanus”; the minutest units of panċhabhutas according to the philosophy of vaisheshika. The theory of tridoshã explains the process of health and diseases. Vata is predominantly constituted by Akashabhuta and vayubhuţa, Pitha by Agni bhuţa and Kapha by apbhuta and pŕthvibhuta. These somatic humors in a state of equilibrium work complimentary to each other, performing and controlling all physiological process of the body and mind to maintain health.
The entire human body is constituted by panchabhutas. This fact has been asserted by all Acharyas of Ayurveda. However the on the basis of predominance of bhuta composition the srothrendiya, sabdha and the conducting system in the body has been attributed to akasha bhuta, the sparsanedriya, the tactile sensations and all the movements of the body to Vayubhuta, the chakshurindriya the perception of vision, luster and metabolism to agnibhuta, rasanendriya the nutritive faculty and the various fluids in the body to the apyabhuta and the ghranendriya, the faculty of smell and the still grosser components of body like asthi, mamsa etc to prithvibhuta. This clearly demonstrates that all the components of sareera that is dosha , dhathu, mala etc are fundamentally panchabhoutika in nature.
Satwa, raja and thama are the trigunas. The satva guna predominance in human constitution leads to pure knowledge and health while the rajoguna and thamoguna predominance leads to ignorance, vitiation of tridoshãs and illhealth.
Acharya Suśhruta, the father of Indian surgery has defined ‘maŕma’ as primary seat of trigunas , tridoshãs and prâna. He has stated that the fatality attributed to maŕmagata is due to the vitiation of the three factors leading to deadly manifestation or even death.
Relevance of topic – maŕma
Muskulo-skeletal disorders are one of the chief challenges en
BY
Prof. Dr. N. Satya Prasad, M.D., PGDHM
GOLD MEDALIST
Sr. Reader / Civil Surgeon
Post Graduate department of Kayachikitsa
Dr. B.R.K.R. Government Ayurvedic college
Hyderabad, A.P., India
Email: satyapnamburu@gmail.com
astasthana pareeksha-
1.Nadi -The pulse
2.Mootram – The urine
3.Malam --The faeces
4.Jihwa – The tongue
5.Sabda – The voice
6.Sparsa – Examination by palpation
7.Drik -- The eyes
8.Akriti – Dimentions of the body
Ayurved Sandhi Prakar(Types of joints as per Ayurved)sarikachopde
This topic is useful for students of first year BAMS & MD(Ayurved) in the subject Rachana Sharir. There is a description of types of joints in Ayurved. These are named according to the arrangement of bones & resemblance with certain objects in surroundings. Very good example of exemplification in Ayurved.
BY
Prof. Dr. N. Satya Prasad, M.D., PGDHM
GOLD MEDALIST
Sr. Reader / Civil Surgeon
Post Graduate department of Kayachikitsa
Dr. B.R.K.R. Government Ayurvedic college
Hyderabad, A.P., India
Email: satyapnamburu@gmail.com
ANALYSIS OF PANCHAKARMA RESEARCHES DONE IN THE MANAGEMENT OF GRIDHRASI
Presented by Dr.Annie sebastien ,PG Scholar, Department of Panchakarma, SDMCAH Hassan
Ayurved Sandhi Prakar(Types of joints as per Ayurved)sarikachopde
This topic is useful for students of first year BAMS & MD(Ayurved) in the subject Rachana Sharir. There is a description of types of joints in Ayurved. These are named according to the arrangement of bones & resemblance with certain objects in surroundings. Very good example of exemplification in Ayurved.
BY
Prof. Dr. N. Satya Prasad, M.D., PGDHM
GOLD MEDALIST
Sr. Reader / Civil Surgeon
Post Graduate department of Kayachikitsa
Dr. B.R.K.R. Government Ayurvedic college
Hyderabad, A.P., India
Email: satyapnamburu@gmail.com
ANALYSIS OF PANCHAKARMA RESEARCHES DONE IN THE MANAGEMENT OF GRIDHRASI
Presented by Dr.Annie sebastien ,PG Scholar, Department of Panchakarma, SDMCAH Hassan
What is achondroplasia, definition , etiology ,types of dwarfism , genetic background,clinical presentations ,history and clinical examination , differential diagnosis ,diagnostic tests ,radiological findings ,CT scan and MRI , Medical care and role of growth hormone ,Surgical care and consultation,
The masticatory system is the functional unit of the body primarily responsible for chewing, speaking, and swallowing. Components also play a major role in tasting and breathing. The system is made up of bones, joints, ligaments, teeth, and muscles. In addition, an intricate neurologic controlling system regulates and coordinates all these structural components
Temporomandibular joint
The articulation of the condylar process of the mandible and the intra-articular disc with the mandibular fossa of the squamous portion of the temporal bone; a diarthrodial, sliding hinge (ginglymus) joint; movement in the upper joint compartment is mostly translational, whereas that in the lower joint compartment is mostly rotational; the joint connects the mandibular condyle to the articular fossa of the temporal bone with the TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT ARTICULAR DISC interposed.
The TMJ is a ginglymoarthrodial joint, a term that is derived from ginglymus, meaning a hinge joint, allowing motion only backward and forward in one plane, and arthrodia, meaning a joint of which permits a gliding motion of the surfaces. The right and left TMJ form a bicondylar articulation and ellipsoid variety of the synovial joints similar to knee articulation
Characteristic features of Temporomandibular Joint
• Presence of dense avascular fibrocartilaginous instead of hyline cartilage.
• Temporomandibular joint is in fact a double joint consisting of 2 synovial joint cavities separated by an articular- disc, each performing different functions.
• 2 Temporomandibular joint does not function independently, one joint is dependent on the other.
• Functional movement of the joint are guided by the nature of the occlusal surface of the teeth
ANATOMICAL COMPONENTS
1) Bony components
• Glenoid fossa
• Mandibular condyle
• Articular disk
• Articular capsule
2) Ligaments
• Fibrous caspsule
• Temporomandibular
• Sphenomandibular
• Stylomandibular
• Pterygomandibular ligament
BONEY COMPONENTS
A) GLENOID FOSSA
The temporal part of the joint measures approximately 23-mm, both in mediolateral width and in anteroposterior length, and is measured using capsular attachments as the margins. Medially, the fossa narrows considerably and is closed by an osseous plate that prevents the condyle from being displaced medially.
Squamous tympanic fissure extend mediolaterally from posterior part of the glenoid fossa.
Roof of the glenoid fossa is mostly thin and translucent in many skulls, which shows that the articular fossa is not a stress bearing part of functional TMJ.
B) MANDIBULAR CONDYLE
This component consists of an ovoid condylar process seated atop a narrow mandibular neck. It is 15 to 20 mm side to side and 8 to 10 mm from front to back.
The lateral pole of the condyle is rough, bluntly pointed, and projects only moderately from the plane of ramus, while the medial pole extends sharply inward from this plane. The articular surface lies on its anterosuperior aspect, thus facing the posterior.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Revitalizing Ayurveda through integrated scientific research and development initiatives is very much important in terms of improving the health care standard quality of life and also in view of enormous potentials and benefits this system could offer to the field of sports medicine.
The traditional system of medicine that includes marma therapy and kalari chikitsa is very much correlated with sports medicine. Marma chikitsa –the treatment of vital spots-in Kerala as Nadee- marma chikitsa and in southern Tamil nadu as adimurai. In Kerala from the time immemorial, every sports related injuries were managed with Marma and Kalari chikitsa; integral part of Ayurveda. The West better recognizes the ancient Indian medicine system now. It is less known that great strides were made in the field of surgery too. These holistic approaches have not been scientifically evaluated yet, but now it has become the need of the 21st century.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
2. 2
Vital points
In the Ayurvedic literature, the word
MARMA is used to denote certain vital
structures of the human body which are
with structural and clinical significance.
Dr.Syyed Mohammed JAlaludeen BAMS,
MS(Ay)PhD
3. Definition
- Vital spot,
- vulnerable points,
- any secret of mystery, the care of anything
etc.
Marma - king and warriors. battlefields to hit and
achieve maximum fatal effect against their
enemies. both in warfare and surgery.
Word marma - meaning ‘ma’ means prana or
vayu, the repha indicates house or seat. Hence
the word marma means seat of vayu or prana.
Dr.Syyed Mohammed JAlaludeen BAMS,
MS(Ay)PhD 3
4. Dr.Syyed Mohammed JAlaludeen BAMS,
MS(Ay)PhD 4
The Marmas if injured, result in serious
complications or death,which may be
instant / latent. In the normal
physiological conditions,they play a vital
role in the maintenance of bodily
functions.
5. Dr.Syyed Mohammed JAlaludeen BAMS,
MS(Ay)PhD 5
Marmas
are the
seat of
Soma Kapha (liquid)
Maruta Vayu (Vata)
Tejas Fire (Pitta)
Rajas
Satva
Tamas
Bhootatma
Mind (Manas)
Panchabhootas
6. Dr.Syyed Mohammed JAlaludeen BAMS,
MS(Ay)PhD 6
Inference
Marmas are certain vital structures of the body.
They may result in death, serious functional impairment
or deformities upon injuries.
Structurally they are composed of all the components of
the human body in different propositions.
Injury to Marmas result in neurological disorders, as the
injury may predispose atrophy, paralysis etc.
Equilibrium of Tridoshas are deranged on injuries.
Injury also result in psychic imbalance.
7. CLASSIFICATION
1. Structural classification (nivesha bheda) – mamsa
marma, dhamanee marma etc.
2. Prognostic aspect According to traumatology /
(vyapath bheda) – Sadyapranahara etc.
3. Regional classification According to location / site
(anga bheda) – Udara marma etc.
4. Numerical classification According to metrics
(samkhya bheda) – eka samkhya etc.
5. Dimensional classification According to size (mana
bheda) – ex. Panithalonmana
Dr.Syyed Mohammed JAlaludeen BAMS,
MS(Ay)PhD 7
10. Dr.Syyed Mohammed JAlaludeen BAMS,
MS(Ay)PhD 10
Pathogenesis.
Intensity of the trauma has an important
role in prognosis.
Even though Marmabhighatha is of
Agantuka in nature, in the later phases,they
result in imbalance of the the Tridoshas also.
11. Dr.Syyed Mohammed JAlaludeen BAMS,
MS(Ay)PhD 11
Clinical Significance.
Susrutha give much importance to the
dimensional aspect,since he belongs to the
surgical school.He advises to be very
cautious in surgical procedure to avoid
hurting even the periphery of Marmas, as
they may lead to grave consequences.
12. Injury -General symptoms
Appearance of pain
Irregular throbbing
Loss of sensation
Heaviness of body
Delusions
Sweating
Fainting
Vomiting
Dyspnoea
Dr.Syyed Mohammed JAlaludeen BAMS,
MS(Ay)PhD 12
18. Dr.Syyed Mohammed JAlaludeen BAMS, MS(Ay)PhD 18
3. Kurcha
Anga Nivesha Vyapat Mana Sankhya
Sakha Śnâyu Vaikalya Atmapani chatur
19. Kurcha
Tendonitis
Carpal tunnel syndrome
Tenosynovitis
Flat foot---- the ligaments and
tendons becomes weakened, the height
of medial longitudinal arch may fall
resulting flat foot.
Daw foot---- in this medial
longitudinal arch is abnormally elevate
Hallux rigidus
Dr.Syyed Mohammed JAlaludeen BAMS,
MS(Ay)PhD 19
20. Dr.Syyed Mohammed JAlaludeen BAMS,
MS(Ay)PhD 20
4. Kurchasiras
Anga Nivesha Vyapat Mana Sankhya
Sakha Śnâyu Rujakara Ekangula Chatur
21. Dr.Syyed Mohammed JAlaludeen BAMS,
MS(Ay)PhD 21
5.Gulpha
Anga Nivesha Vyapat Mana Sankhya
Sakha Sandhi Rujakara Dwirangula Dvi
22. 6. Indravasthi
Dr.Syyed Mohammed JAlaludeen BAMS,
MS(Ay)PhD 22
Anga Nivesha Vyapat Mana Sankhya
Sakha Mamsa Kalantara ardhangula chatur
23. Dr.Syyed Mohammed JAlaludeen BAMS,
MS(Ay)PhD 23
7. JANUMARMA
Maŕma Anga Nivesha Vyapat Mana Sankhya
Janu Sakha Sandhi Vaikalya thrayngu Dvi
24. Dr.Syyed Mohammed JAlaludeen BAMS,
MS(Ay)PhD 24
Maŕma Anga Nivesha Vyapat Mana Sankhya
Ani Sakha Śnâyu Vaikalya ardhangula chatur
26. Dr.Syyed Mohammed JAlaludeen BAMS,
MS(Ay)PhD 26
10. Lohita
Maŕma Anga Nivesha Vyapat Mana Sankhya
Lohita Sakha Sira Vaikalya ardhangula Dvi
27. Dr.Syyed Mohammed JAlaludeen BAMS,
MS(Ay)PhD 27
11. Vitapa
Maŕma Anga Nivesha Vyapat Mana Sankhya
Vitapa Sakha Sira Vaikalya ekangula Dvi
28. Dr.Syyed Mohammed JAlaludeen BAMS,
MS(Ay)PhD 28
12. Manibanda Marma
Maŕma Anga Nivesha Vyapat Mana Sankhya
Manibanda Sakha Sandhi Rujakara dwirangula Dvi
29. Dr.Syyed Mohammed JAlaludeen BAMS,
MS(Ay)PhD 29
13. KOORPARA MARMA
Maŕma Anga Nivesha Vyapat Mana Sankhya
Kurpara Sakha Sandhi Vaikalya thrayngu Dvi
30. Dr.Syyed Mohammed JAlaludeen BAMS,
MS(Ay)PhD 30
Maŕma Anga Nivesha Vyapat Mana Sankhya
Kakshatruk Sakha Sira Vaikalya ekangula Dvi
14. Kakshadhara
31. Dr.Syyed Mohammed JAlaludeen BAMS,
MS(Ay)PhD 31
Anga Nivesha Vyapat Mana Sankhya
Koshta Dhamani Sadhya Atmapani Eka
15.
32. Dr.Syyed Mohammed JAlaludeen BAMS,
MS(Ay)PhD 32
16.Vasthi marmas
Situated in the pelvis corresponding
to bladder
Urinary bladder
Vesical plexus – hypogastric plexus
Anga Nivesha Vyapat Mana Sankhya
Koshta Śnâyu Sadhya Atmapani eka
33. Dr.Syyed Mohammed JAlaludeen BAMS,
MS(Ay)PhD 33
17.Nabhi marmas
Situated in between the pakwasaya
(intestine)and the amasaya (stomach)
This is said to be the origin of all the
vessels in the body
Inf & sup mesenteric N plexus
Inf Epigastric A & V
Bifurcation of abdominal aorta
Bifurcation of inf Venacava
Anga Nivesha Vyapat Mana Sankhya
Koshta Sira Sadhya Atmapani eka
34. Dr.Syyed Mohammed JAlaludeen BAMS,
MS(Ay)PhD 34
18.Hrudaya marmas
Situated between two breast and stomach
and abdomen, near to cardiac end of
stomach
It is adisthana of satwa, raja and tama
Root of Pranavaha & rasavaha srothas
Seats of sadaka pitha, vyana vayu, and
avalambaka kapha.
Injury to this marma cause cough,
dyspnoea, loss of strength, dryness of
throat, mouth, palate, epilepsy, insanity,
delerium, loss of consciousness.
Anga Nivesha Vyapat Mana Sankhya
Uras Sira Sadhya Atmapani Eka
35. Dr.Syyed Mohammed JAlaludeen BAMS,
MS(Ay)PhD 35
19.Sthanamoola
marmas
Situated two angula below t
he breast on both sides.
Injury endangers life by filling the
koshtam with kapha and causes cough
and dyspnoea.
Base of the lungs
Left side of the pericardium, Apex of the
heart
Anga Nivesha Vyapat Mana Sankhya
Uras Sira Kalan-tara Dwir-angula Dvi
36. Dr.Syyed Mohammed JAlaludeen BAMS,
MS(Ay)PhD 36
20.SthanaRohita marmas
Two angula above the nipples on both
sides.
Injury leads to haemorrhage and
endangers life causing cough and
dyspnoea.
Intercostal muscle, Phrenic N, Vagal N,
Descending aorta, Bronchus, Pulmanory
artery, P vein, P plexus,
Pectoralis major muscle.
Anga Nivesha Vyapat Mana Sankhya
Uras Mamsa
Kalan-
tara
Ardhan-
gula Dvi
37. Dr.Syyed Mohammed JAlaludeen BAMS,
MS(Ay)PhD 37
21.Apasthamba marmas
Situated on both sides of chest
It is vata vaha srothas
Injury patient dies due to complication of
raktha / vatha poorna koshtatha.
point of bifurcated branches of bronchi.
Bronchi, Phrenic nerve, Vagus nerve,
common carotid artery, subclavian vein,
Anga Nivesha Vyapat Mana Sankhya
Uras Dhamani
Kalan-
tara
Ardhan-
gula Dvi
38. Dr.Syyed Mohammed JAlaludeen BAMS,
MS(Ay)PhD 38
22. Apalabha marmas
Situated below shoulder joint and above
the lateral aspects of chest.
Accd vagbata between vertebral column
and chest.
Injury patient dies due to complication of
raktha poorna koshta into pooya
koshtatha.
Axillary Artery and Vein, Brachial Plexus
Left thoracic artery & nerve
Intercosto brachial nerve, intercostal artery.
Anga Nivesha Vyapat Mana Sankhya
Uras Sira Kalan-tara Ardhan-gula Dvi
39. Combination of two word kati “ which is
clothed” tharuna “ soft cartilage’
Situated both sides of the vertibral coloumn
corresponding to the posterior aspect of
the ilium.
Injury give rise to excess pain,
hemorrhage, consequent pallor, death.
Posterior aspects of ilium
Bifurcation of the common iliac artery and
vein, sacroiliac ligaments/ articulations.
Dr.Syyed Mohammed JAlaludeen BAMS,
MS(Ay)PhD 39
23.Kateekatharuna
Anga Nivesha Vyapat Mana Sankhya
Prishta Asthi Kalantara
Ardhan-
gula Dvi
40. Small depression/dimple near the
buttock
Situated on both sides of the vertebral
coloumn corresponding to sacroiliac
articulation ant to which the sciatic nerve
passes.
Complete loss of sensation and inability
to use the lower limb
Complete paraplegia
Dr.Syyed Mohammed JAlaludeen BAMS,
MS(Ay)PhD 40
Anga Nivesha Vyapat Mana Sankhya
Prishta Sandhi Vaikalya Ardhan-gula Dvi
24.Kukunthara
41. 25.Nithamba
Situated above the pelvic girdle
(sronikanda). Half distance between
sacral bone and the greater trochanter
of the femur.
Injury leads to atrophy of the lower limb
and endangers life in course of time.
Glutius maximus, sciatic nerve, sup & inf
gluteal N and blood vessels.
Dr.Syyed Mohammed JAlaludeen BAMS,
MS(Ay)PhD 41
Anga Nivesha Vyapat Mana Sankhya
Prishta Asthi Kalantara
Ardhan-
gula Dvi
42. 26.Parswasandhi
Dr.Syyed Mohammed JAlaludeen BAMS,
MS(Ay)PhD 42
Situated between costal cartilage and the
pelvis, corresponding to the vessels of
kidney seen medially upwards.
Injury causes collection of blood in the
abdominal cavity and causes danger of life.
The space just beneath 12th rib on both
sides.
Renal artery, renal vein, renal angle, ilio
hypogastric N, subcostal N, Ilio inguinal N,
kidney, liver(R), spleen(L)
Swadishtana chakra of yoga.
Anga Nivesha Vyapat Mana Sankhya
Prishta Sira Kalantara Ardhan-gula Dvi
43. 27.Bruhati
Dr.Syyed Mohammed JAlaludeen BAMS,
MS(Ay)PhD 43
Situated post side corresponding to the base
of breast lateral to the vertebral coloumn on
both side.
Injury – continuous bleeding and endangers
life in course of time due to complication.
Arterial branches of the kidney, hilum of the
liver, hilum of spleen, lung posterior surface,
descending aorta, thoracic duct, azygos vein
etc.
Hepatic artery and splenic artery(left).
Anga Nivesha Vyapat Mana Sankhya
Prishta Sira Kalantara
Ardhan-
gula Dvi
44. 28.Amsaphalaka
Dr.Syyed Mohammed JAlaludeen BAMS,
MS(Ay)PhD 44
- flat surface near the shoulder- situated
on both sides of vertebral coloumn and on
the upper most part of the neck.
Injury lead to numbness or atrophy of
upper limbs due to injury of the nerves on
the anterior surface of the scapula.
Scapula, supra scapular N, vein, supra
spinatus, infra spinatus
Brachial palsy/ axillary nerve palsy.
Anga Nivesha Vyapat Mana Sankhya
Prishta Asthi Vaikalya
Ardhan-
gula Dvi
45. 29.Amsa
Dr.Syyed Mohammed JAlaludeen BAMS,
MS(Ay)PhD 45
Amsa-starting from shoulder- situated
on either side midway between the neck
and the head of the arms and connects
the shoulder(amsapeeta and skandha)
Injury – lead to incapacity of moving the
hands.
Conoid ligament, trapezoid ligament,
sup acromioclavicular ligament, brachial
plexus etc
Anga Nivesha Vyapat Mana Sankhya
Prishta Śnâyu Vaikalya
Ardhan-
gula Dvi
47. 30. Neela - 2
Dr.Syyed Mohammed JAlaludeen BAMS,
MS(Ay)PhD 47
Blue colour- four siras on either sides
of kanta nadi corresponding to
tempero mandibular joint(hanusandi).
Injury – causes absence of voice,
alteration of sound, loss of sense of
taste.
Glossopharyngeal branch of carotid
artery. Jugular Vein, Hypoglossal and
Glossopharyngeal Nerve.
Anga Nivesha Vyapat Mana Sankhya
Jathro-
ordha Sira Vaikalya Atmapani Dvi
48. 31. Manya - 2
Dr.Syyed Mohammed JAlaludeen BAMS,
MS(Ay)PhD 48
“Man- jnane”- four siras on either sides of
kanta nadi corresponding to tempero
mandibular joint(hanusandi). Twi is manya
Injury – causes absence of voice,
alteration of sound, loss of sense of taste.
Glossopharyngeal branch of carotid
artery. Jugular Vein, Hypoglossal and
Glossopharyngeal Nerve.
Anga Nivesha Vyapat Mana Sankhya
Jathro
ordha Sira Vaikalya Atmapani Dvi
49. 32.Mathruka - 8
Dr.Syyed Mohammed JAlaludeen BAMS,
MS(Ay)PhD 49
Matruka-Necklace- on either side pf the neck
four siras, matruka. Running superiorly to the
tounque and nose.
Injury leads to severe haemorrhage – syncope-
death.
Four jugular vein – ant transverse facial,
superficial, temporal, and post jugular veins.
Common carotid artery, int and external jugular
vein, subclavian vein and artery, vagus N and
phrenic N.
Anga Nivesha Vyapat Mana Sankhya
Jathro
ordha Sira Sadhya Atmapani ashta
50. 33.Krukatika – 2
Dr.Syyed Mohammed JAlaludeen BAMS,
MS(Ay)PhD 50
krik=kandha-neck, ad= gathau “area where
the neck joins head
Situated at the junction of the head and
upper part of neck.
Injury cause lose of balance of head in
erect posture.
Atlanto-occipital joint.
Vertebral artery, atlanto-occipital
membrane and ligaments.
Anga Nivesha Vyapat Mana Sankhya
Jathro
ordha Sandhi Vaikalya
Ardhan-
gula Dvi
51. 34.Vidhura – 2
Dr.Syyed Mohammed JAlaludeen BAMS,
MS(Ay)PhD 51
Dhura=weight, vigatha dhura=chesta
nashta “imbalnce of the body.
Situated behind the Pinna of the ear.
Injury leads to total Deafness.
Tympanic memberane, Middle ear,
Posterior Auricular artery & Veins,
Branches of V th cranial N(trigeminal N)
Mastoid air cells and mastoid antrum
Anga Nivesha Vyapat Mana Sankhya
Jathro
ordha dhamani Vaikalya
Ardhan-
gula Dvi
52. 35.Phana - 2
Dr.Syyed Mohammed JAlaludeen BAMS,
MS(Ay)PhD 52
Phan= expanded hood of the cobra
Situated interior to the nasal cavities
(inside the throat)
Injury leads to loss of sense of smell.
Bipolar olfactory neurons, olfactory
nerve, Cribriform plate of ethmoid, Great
auricular N
Anga Nivesha Vyapat Mana Sankhya
Jathro
ordha Sira Vaikalya
Ardhan-
gula Dvi
53. 36.Apanga - 2
Dr.Syyed Mohammed JAlaludeen BAMS,
MS(Ay)PhD 53
Agi dhatu – ap outer corner or angle of
eye.
Situated near the external canthus of eye
and below the lateral and of eyebrows.
Injury leads to blindness/ impaired vision
Zygomotic & temporal Vessels and
Nerves, cranial N(ophthalmic division), VI
th cranial N, trochlear and occulomotor N.
Anga Nivesha Vyapat Mana Sankhya
Jathro
ordha Śnâyu Vaikalya
Ardhan-
gula Dvi
54. 37.Aavartha - 2
Dr.Syyed Mohammed JAlaludeen BAMS,
MS(Ay)PhD 54
Aan=vrith=ghan ‘whirlpool’, located one on
the surface of the frontal lobe and above
the super ciliary arch on both side. Injury
results impaired vision or blindness.
Tympanic membrane, Acoustic Nerve.
Articulation of the sphenoid bone with the
orbital plate of the frontal lobe. Optic chiasma
etc
Anga Nivesha Vyapat Mana Sankhya
Jathro
ordha Sandhi Vaikalya
Ardhan-
gula Dvi
55. 38.Shanga - 2
Dr.Syyed Mohammed JAlaludeen BAMS,
MS(Ay)PhD 55
Sham=mangalam “ to protect the
treasure.
Situated between the ear and the
eyebrows just above the termination of
the super ciliary arch.
Injury to this marma endangers life.
Temporal bone of the skull, temporal lobe
the brain, basal ganglia, superficial
temporal artery , middle meningeal artery.
Anga Nivesha Vyapat Mana Sankhya
Jathroo-
rdha Asthi Sadhya ardhangula Dvi
56. 39.Utkshepa - 2
Dr.Syyed Mohammed JAlaludeen BAMS,
MS(Ay)PhD 56
Kship dhatu = urdhvam ksipathi “ lifts up”.
Situated above the sankha and near the hairy
margin on the scalp on both sides of head.
Injury by a foreign body keeps the person alive
as long as it is kept within the wound or it falls
down on its own accord, if it drawn out
immediately after injury, the person dies at
once due to bleeding.
Temporal fascia, parietal branch of superficial
temporal artery, Zygomatic temporal Nerve,
Temporalis Muscle.
Anga Nivesha Vyapat Mana Sankhya
Jathro-
ordha Śnâyu Visalygna
Ardha-
ngula Dvi
57. 40.Sthapani - 1
Dr.Syyed Mohammed JAlaludeen BAMS,
MS(Ay)PhD 57
Sthap= regulates.
In between the two superciliary arches
underneath the bony vault
Injury by a foreign body keeps the person alive
as long as it is kept within the wound or it falls
down on its own accord, if it drawn out
immediately after injury, the person dies at
once due to bleeding.
Emissary vein, Super sagittal sinus, brain
underneath the frontal bone. Frontal veins
Anga Nivesha Vyapat Mana Sankhya
Jathro-
ordha Sira Vaikalya
Ardhan-
gula Eka
58. 41.Srungataka - 4
Dr.Syyed Mohammed JAlaludeen BAMS,
MS(Ay)PhD 58
Sring+ada+gatau “ summit of
mountain’
In the middle of siras that irrigate the
nose , ear, eye and tounque, there is
a cross way or sringhatakas.
Injury leads to death.
Brocas centre, Visio-sensory centre,
centre of hearing, centre of taste and
amell and soft palate.
Anga Nivesha Vyapat Mana Sankhya
Jathro
ordha Dhamani Sadhya Atmapani chatur
59. 42.Seemantha - 5
Dr.Syyed Mohammed JAlaludeen BAMS,
MS(Ay)PhD 59
• Seemantha-kesa-vesha “where the
ladies divide the hair for tying.
• Situated on the scalp correspond to the
five important sutures of the skull
• Injury leads to insanity, fear, intellectual
disturbances.
• Sagittal suture, parital suture, occipital
suture, frontal suture.
Anga Nivesha Vyapat Mana Sankhya
Jathro
ordha Sandhi Kalantara Atmapani pancha
60. 43.Adipa pathi - 1
Adhi+pa –urdhvam top, pa means
rakshati ‘safeguard’
Within the wault of the head above
there is joints of siras is like the
whorls of the hair.
Injury leads to immediate death.
Medulla Oblangata, cardiac centre,
respiratory , vasomotor centre, nuclei
of ten cranial nerves.
Dr.Syyed Mohammed JAlaludeen BAMS,
MS(Ay)PhD 60
Anga Nivesha Vyapat Mana Sankhya
Jathro-
ordha Sandhi Sadhya
Ardhan-
gula Eka
61. Dr.Syyed Mohammed JAlaludeen BAMS,
MS(Ay)PhD 61
HOW MARMA THEORY WORKS
Due to pressure over these points, certain chemical
substances and neurotransmitters are released like
endorphins and enkephalin which sends nerve
impulse to brain causing the desired effect.
Neuro Endocrine Theory
62. Dr.Syyed Mohammed JAlaludeen BAMS,
MS(Ay)PhD 62
The gate control theory of pain
Nerve fibers are large bundles of various size- some
are thick and some are thin. Thin transmit the
sensation of pain while the thick carry the tactile
sensation. Thus if the thick impulse is increased this
selectively blocks the conduction of thin fibers.
This is called the gate control theory.
63. Dr.Syyed Mohammed JAlaludeen BAMS,
MS(Ay)PhD 63
Other Theories.
The very small electrical changes that occur at
the marma points is found to be capable of
producing effects far in excess of the tiny
electrical change at the point responsible for
triggering the desired effect.
64. Dr.Syyed Mohammed JAlaludeen BAMS,
MS(Ay)PhD 64
Conclusion...
The vital points which are called Marmas
assume significance structurally, medically
and surgically. Susrutha highlights the
structural and surgical relevance, whereas
Charaka gives importance to the medical
aspect of these structures. Vagbhata,
though ready to accept the surgical
prominance, has highlighted the medical
aspect.
65. 65
Dr.Syyed Mohammed Jalaludeen BAMS, MS(Ay),
PhD
Associate Professor,
Dept of Salyatantra,
Rajiv Gandhi Ayurveda Medical College,
Chalakkara, Mahe India
smjppt@gmail.com
www.researchayurveda.org