India has experienced strong economic growth but still faces food security challenges. While poverty has decreased and food production has increased, India still has a high proportion of hungry and malnourished people. Food prices periodically rise, reducing access for poorer sections. Rising prices of vegetables, pulses, milk, eggs and meat in 2011 worsened access. India has successes and failures in ensuring food security due to undecided policies around market economics versus controls and challenges with execution. Critical issues include stabilizing procurement, export, and futures market policies to help farmers plan and access markets while also improving distribution, nutrition, and agricultural statistics.
Pakistan's Agriculture Sector-1 (Crops Sector) Challenges and ResponseShahid Hussain Raja
Explains the importance of agriculture for Pakistan's economy,carries out its SWOT Analysis and describes the challenges it faces.Ends with a set of policy recommendations to improve its productivity
The Brussels Development Briefing n. 57 on “Investing in smallholder agriculture for food security and nutrition” organised by CTA, the European Commission/EuropeAid and the ACP Secretariat was held on Wednesday 11th September 2019, 9h00-13h00 at the ACP Secretariat, Avenue Georges Henri 451, 1200 Brussels, Room C. The Briefing discussed smallholder agriculture and its key role in delivering food security/nutrition, and sustainable food systems, as recognised in SDG 2.
After carrying out an in-depth SWOT Analysis of Pakistan's Horticultural Sector, this presentation identifies the challenges this sector is facing and proposes a set of recommendations to respond to these challenges
Pakistan's Agriculture Sector-1 (Crops Sector) Challenges and ResponseShahid Hussain Raja
Explains the importance of agriculture for Pakistan's economy,carries out its SWOT Analysis and describes the challenges it faces.Ends with a set of policy recommendations to improve its productivity
The Brussels Development Briefing n. 57 on “Investing in smallholder agriculture for food security and nutrition” organised by CTA, the European Commission/EuropeAid and the ACP Secretariat was held on Wednesday 11th September 2019, 9h00-13h00 at the ACP Secretariat, Avenue Georges Henri 451, 1200 Brussels, Room C. The Briefing discussed smallholder agriculture and its key role in delivering food security/nutrition, and sustainable food systems, as recognised in SDG 2.
After carrying out an in-depth SWOT Analysis of Pakistan's Horticultural Sector, this presentation identifies the challenges this sector is facing and proposes a set of recommendations to respond to these challenges
After carrying out an in-depth SWOT Analysis, this presentation identifies the challenges Pakistan's Livestock Sector is facing and then makes recommendations to respond to these challenges.
This presentation captures recent advances made in Indian agriculture. Not many know that India ranks 2nd globally in form of production. The presentation also highlight the unique strengths of Indian agriculture that help capturing global glory.
Pakistan’s Agriculture Sector- 2 /Livestock : Challenges and ResponseShahid Hussain Raja
Explains the importance of livestock sector for the political economy of Pakistan,carries out its SWOT analysis and describes the various challenges it is facing.Ends with a comprehensive set of recommendations for improving the productivity of the sector
Global markets, local value chains, production systems, and livelihoods of ca...Jonathan Newby
Throughout mainland Southeast Asia, cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) has become an important smallholder crop grown by millions of upland farmers. During the last decade, the area of cultivation has expanded rapidly to meet the growing global demand for carbohydrates in various applications. This includes a continuing expansion of both production and processing in Lao PDR. To help demystify the recent trends in the cassava market, we first highlight the connections between the cassava market and other global commodity markets. This demonstrates the need to understand global and regional value chains beyond the local context in which production and primary processing take place.
Research has generated an abundance of technologies that could enhance the productivity and sustainability of these cassava producers. Many of these have been developed with farmers using participatory evaluation methods. The challenge has been disseminating these technologies beyond a projects sphere of influence with adoption levels remaining very low. We hypothesise that, in particular contexts, private-sector value-chain actors have incentives to invest in the promotion of suitable varieties, fertiliser regimes, pest control, and other production practices. In other contexts, there is little incentive for private-sector involvement; and support and/or partnerships from public-sector or non-government actors will be required. As such, understanding the local production and value chain context is also critical to developing sustainable cassava value chains. We use agronomic trial results and value chain mapping to demonstrate the incentives for different cassava sector actor to work with smallholders to maintain and enhance their productivity in different production and market contexts.
Finally, we outline the future challenges facing smallholder farmers and other actors in the cassava sector. Previous research to understand global markets, value chains, production systems, and livelihoods will be critical inputs into the development and extension of new manage management practices and technical solutions to control the impacts of emerging cassava diseases in the region.
After carrying out an in-depth SWOT Analysis, this presentation identifies the challenges Pakistan's Livestock Sector is facing and then makes recommendations to respond to these challenges.
This presentation captures recent advances made in Indian agriculture. Not many know that India ranks 2nd globally in form of production. The presentation also highlight the unique strengths of Indian agriculture that help capturing global glory.
Pakistan’s Agriculture Sector- 2 /Livestock : Challenges and ResponseShahid Hussain Raja
Explains the importance of livestock sector for the political economy of Pakistan,carries out its SWOT analysis and describes the various challenges it is facing.Ends with a comprehensive set of recommendations for improving the productivity of the sector
Global markets, local value chains, production systems, and livelihoods of ca...Jonathan Newby
Throughout mainland Southeast Asia, cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) has become an important smallholder crop grown by millions of upland farmers. During the last decade, the area of cultivation has expanded rapidly to meet the growing global demand for carbohydrates in various applications. This includes a continuing expansion of both production and processing in Lao PDR. To help demystify the recent trends in the cassava market, we first highlight the connections between the cassava market and other global commodity markets. This demonstrates the need to understand global and regional value chains beyond the local context in which production and primary processing take place.
Research has generated an abundance of technologies that could enhance the productivity and sustainability of these cassava producers. Many of these have been developed with farmers using participatory evaluation methods. The challenge has been disseminating these technologies beyond a projects sphere of influence with adoption levels remaining very low. We hypothesise that, in particular contexts, private-sector value-chain actors have incentives to invest in the promotion of suitable varieties, fertiliser regimes, pest control, and other production practices. In other contexts, there is little incentive for private-sector involvement; and support and/or partnerships from public-sector or non-government actors will be required. As such, understanding the local production and value chain context is also critical to developing sustainable cassava value chains. We use agronomic trial results and value chain mapping to demonstrate the incentives for different cassava sector actor to work with smallholders to maintain and enhance their productivity in different production and market contexts.
Finally, we outline the future challenges facing smallholder farmers and other actors in the cassava sector. Previous research to understand global markets, value chains, production systems, and livelihoods will be critical inputs into the development and extension of new manage management practices and technical solutions to control the impacts of emerging cassava diseases in the region.
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Experts, decision-makers part of the audience attended a presentation by Dr. Mark Rosegrant whose presentation projected onto the next 40 years and highlighted what the world food demand will be by 2050. He also focused on the case of sub-Saharan Africa and Senegal.The other highlight of the conference was the presentation by Dr. Alioune Fall, Scientific Director of ISRA on “Future implications of high food demand for agricultural research”. Dr. Fall listed the various projects conducted at the national level by his organization, one of the drivers of Senegalese agriculture. ITA, (the National Food Processing Institute) was represented by Dr Ndoye who made a presentation on: “the dynamics of urban consumption and their impact on processing technology of local products”.Comments where then given by representatives of USAID, the World Food Program, and ASPRODEB (Senegalese farmer organizations NGO) and were followed by discussions.The press was also present at this quarterly “Development and Strategy” conference series- that focuses on socioeconomic development-organized by IFPRI, IPAR, FASEG the DAPS, and the DPEE ANSD.
"Food market transformation and improving food security in Asia (within and across countries)”, presented by Kevin Chen, IFPRI/Beijing at the ReSAKSS-Asia Conference, Nov 14-16, 2011, in Kathmandu, Nepal.
Traditional markets for poverty reduction and food security: Exploring policy...CIAT
Much of the current research on value chains and market linkages focuses on formal markets, such as linking farmers to supermarkets, while less attention is given to traditional markets. This tendency leads to a bias in the design of policy interventions that benefit the formal private sector, while the lives of many smallholders, processors, traders, and poor consumers could be improved by researching their needs and implementing appropriate, actor-tailored market policies.
A 2015 project funded by the Ford Foundation aimed to better understand the traditional market channels for agricultural goods in Honduras and Nicaragua in order to identify policy options to increase the value that these markets offer to producers and poor consumers. The study examined the existing rural-urban linkages between small producers and other low-income actors through a representative food basket including red bean as an index for basic grain crops, plum tomato representing vegetables, and dry/semi-dry cheese as a representation of animal protein.
In both Honduras and Nicaragua, traditional markets (i.e. wholesalers, retailers and farmers’ markets) play a major role in the distribution of agricultural products to the consumer, especially for those consumers with limited purchasing power. Applying a range of quantitative and qualitative methods, it was found that the competitiveness of businesses in traditional markets for basic grains, vegetables and cheeses in Honduras and Nicaragua is negatively affected by the occurrence of poor food safety, post-harvest losses, seasonal price fluctuations and a reduction of sales. These factors lead to a contraction in demand and may force poor consumers to purchase their goods in more expensive markets, reducing their food security.
Public policies that implement health and safety regulations in traditional markets, improve product quality and food safety, and stimulate efficient production, processing, sorting, transport and storage practices should be introduced or reinforced, while taking into account the different needs of each group of value chain actors linked to the traditional markets of Honduras and Nicaragua. Additionally, the establishment of a collective action platform convening key stakeholders from traditional markets and the public sector could help to inform and ultimately influence public policy and decision making.
A N Sinha Institute of Social Science (ANSISS), and the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) organized a one day consulation on
‘A Food Secure Bihar: Challenges and Way Forward’ on August 06, 2014 at ANSISS, Patna, Bihar.
You are aware that National Food Security Act (NFSA) has been enacted with a view to ensure food security in India and Bihar is one of the state where ensuring food security is a major challenge. A better understanding of NFSA in the context of Bihar will be helpful for effective implementation of the NFSA. The main objective of the policy consultative workshop is to deliberate on the options and strategies for making NFSA efficient and effective in Bihar
Market reforms and food security policies in india dr. d l maheswar (1)dlmaheswar
Food security is achieved when all people at all times have physical and economic access to food that is sufficient to meet dietary needs for a healthy and productive life
Agricultural trade has been an important contributor in Bangladesh to improved food security and price stability. For example, private sector imports have assured a price ceiling at import parity levels in the aftermath of major floods in 1998 and 2004. As the global price crisis has shown, however, the positive experiences with private trade might not completely eliminate the role of public food stocks. While Bangladesh is a net agricultural importer, it has also been successful in exporting cereals and high-value products such as shrimp and fish. This success has partly been due to preferential trade agreements. However, further investments are needed to assure that Bangladesh can adhere to increasing quality and safety standards and to prepare for a more liberalized international trade environment, once the Doha trade negotiations are finalized.
"The food processing market in India has been developing over the years and is estimated to continue to grow strongly. The growing middle-class and rising disposable income coupled with major government initiatives is expected to lead to further growth. Domestic and international players have been constantly expanding operations in line with the strong opportunities in this market.
The report begins with an overview of the food processing market including figures for the market size, growth and the market penetration of various segments. Each segment in the industry has been discussed. Information regarding the current scenario as well as the future growth prospects for each segment has been provided.
The drivers and challenges explain the factors influencing growth of the industry including the increasing consumer spend on processed foods, competitive edge in food processing, government support, growth in food processing exports, adoption of contract farming, increasing food retailing in India and the growth in terminal markets. The key challenges identified encompass the lack of integrated supply chain and scale of operations, limited use of technology in food processing, low level of penetration in domestic market and high taxes on branded agricultural products. Key government regulations have been highlighted which will lead to further growth.
Competition section provides a summary of the competitive scenario including the segmented market share. It also includes a brief profile of the major players in the market. "
Utilization of Value Chain Analysis in the Livestock Development Sectorcopppldsecretariat
Presentation from the Livestock Inter-Agency Donor Group (IADG) Meeting 2010. 4-5 May 2010 Italy, Rome IFAD Headquarters.
The event involved approximately 45 representatives from the international partner agencies to discuss critical needs for livestock development and research issues for the coming decade.
[ Originally posted on http://www.cop-ppld.net/cop_knowledge_base ]
Just a start-up kit . I have just entered into analysis . Actually the presentation is short of points that validates the current scenario but you can go for a study of declining agricultural population around 2000-2005.
1. MARKETS, PRICES AND FOOD
SECURITY
A critical assessment of India’s experience
Rabat, Morocco
March 7th, 2012
2. • India’s Economy is growing at 6-8% p.a for the last 5 years
• India is a top 5 producer and consumer of almost all
agricultural outputs including milk, fruits and vegetables,
cereals, pulses and spices.
• Proportion of those classified below poverty line has fallen by
most methodologies used to enumerate
Yet…..
• India continues to be home to around 25% of the world’s
hungry population
• Nearly half of India’s children under three years of age
continue to remain malnourished, as per the National Family
Health Survey, alongside half of pregnant mothers who are
anaemic.
• Food price inflation periodically worsens access by squeezing
consumption levels in the lower socio-economic sections.
3. In October 2011….
The WPI data released showed that on a year-on-
year basis prices of
– Vegetables were higher by 28.89 per cent
– Pulses turned dearer by 11.65 per cent
– Fruits by 11.63 per cent
– Milk by 11.73 per cent.
– Eggs, meat and fish more expensive by 13.36 per cent
The only edibles that turned cheaper were onions
by 20.33 per cent and wheat by 1.54 per cent.
Source: The Hindu, November 5, 2011
4. So India…
is the eternal Work in Progress
• Has innumerable examples of the successes
and the failures in providing food security
• Still undecided between market economics
and socialist controls especially in agriculture
• It is great in planning and intentions, but not
as good in execution
Makes it a great example to learn from
5. Cereals
Rice and Wheat • In spite of ample cereals being
produced, supply chain issues have
Supply & Disposition (in Mn T) led to pockets of the country facing
low availability
MY 2010- MY 2011-
• With 30% of the production being
11 12 picked up the state at a preset
Minimum Support Price, private
Total trade is very limited
Availability 209.98 233.63 • Coarse cereals have lost their charm
for farmers as the state buys more
Total Usage 164.25 174.30 and more rice and wheat – society
loses its taste for the more nutritious
Ending cereals
Stocks 45.73 59.33 • Exports are controlled except for corn
– farmers cannot leverage
international supply – demand gaps
6. Pulses
• Against a per capita availability of 75
Production grams/day/person in 1958-59,
Pulses Production in India present availability has nosedived
20 below 35 grams/day/person in 2010
• While the Govt. sets a Minimum
10 Support Price, it rarely procures,
0 leaving the market open to
exploitation
• Current availability (domestic
production of 11-13 Mn T and
imports of 2-3 Mn T) is deemed
current demand ignoring latent
demand that lack of availability is
Production hiding.
• Average increase in prices of pulses
between 2008 and 2010 close to
100%
7. Edible Oils
80 CPO Average Parity • India imports almost 50% of its edible
oil requirement.
60 • CPO (Crude Palm Oil) parity
practically through the year makes
40 most domestic oilseeds
uncompetitive – cultural affinity is
20 the only thing keeping the farmers
investing in mustard, groundnut and
0 coconut oils.
Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct
• The profitability of market
-20 participants is vulnerable to risks
emanating from weak harvests;
-40 commodity price volatility and forex
movements
3 Yr Avg. Spread 2009-10 2010-11
-60
8. Vegetables and Fruits
POTATO PRICES IN TWO CENTERS • Still a localized market system with a
In INR/100 kg predominantly fresh market with
processing below 10%
3000
• Most fruits and vegetables
2500 inaccessible to the poor in urban
centers
2000
• On May 1, 2010 bananas cost INR 9
per dozen; on May 1, 2011 – INR 27
1500
per dozen
1000 • Per capita availability low due to 20-
40% post harvest losses
500
• Prices follow cyclicality in many of the
crops especially potatoes and onions
0
based on overproduction – below
28-Apr-08
29-May-09
29-May-10
26-May-11
25-Mar-09
02-Aug-09
30-Mar-10
25-Mar-11
01-Oct-09
04-Aug-11
15-Oct-11
24-Nov-08
23-Jan-09
30-Nov-09
29-Jan-10
25-Nov-10
24-Jan-11
18-Feb-08
07-Jul-08
15-Sep-08
28-Jul-10
26-Sep-10
cost farm gate prices -
underproduction next season
Ludhiana indore
9. Futures markets yet to mature….
• High speculation in commodities like corn and guar,
make it difficult for serious players to participate fully
• Lack of knowledge of the markets stop farmers and
farmer organizations from even entering
• Though many research bodies have blamed futures
markets for the food inflation, agri-commodities
contribute less than 10% of the turnover – Gold, Silver
and Crude dominate
• The Government appears to struggle to regulate
ending up with more ad hoc knee jerk policy changes
that true long range planning
10. India….
What works What doesn’t
• Entering global markets only when a
• Procurement in Rice and Wheat –
shortage exists ensure s rise in prices
system can be replicated but has
and buying at the highest
not been
• Farmer extension and training so
• Public Distribution Systems (PDS)
introduction of new technologies is
works well for the majority –
too slow
many food deficit states
especially in the NE depend • Agricultural statistics – data collection
largely on PDS methodologies not very credible and
investment in the same not rising fast
• Progressive farmers and enough
progressive states continuously
improve on their agricultural • Farmer access to export and futures
economies, others struggle to markets due to lack of stable policies
stay in the same place relatively • Distribution gaps in PDS not always
made up by private trade leaving
large gaps in the market
11. Critical issues that could make a
difference
• Stability in policies
– Procurement that is more well spread through the
country will provide higher incomes to more farmers
and would lower distribution costs for the PDS
– Export market access should not be ad hoc but stable
so farmers can plan their crops to meet domestic and
international market requirements and traders build
markets
– Better control over futures markets to prevent
rampant speculations would encourage legitimate use
for hedging. Knee jerk responses by policy makers,
make large players wary
12. Critical Issues….
• Treat farmers as entrepreneurs
– They are over 50% of the population. Allowing them to
earn well should logically solve the food security issues
– Invest more in infrastructure that helps farmers negotiate
better terms and more markets
– Better access to market information to farmers will help
them plan better
– Cash crops are seductive but are also the leading cause of
debt and farmer suicides. They need to taught to diversify
risks
– Investment in the value chains would help benefit farmers
and consumers and reduce intermediaries
13. Critical issues….
• Managing ambitions, income growths and market
availability
– Production growth needs to keep pace with
disposable incomes else real incomes will naturally fall
– Urban consumers are more vocal and media access
but little knowledge of the value chain. The difference
between the farm-gate price and the urban retail
price could be as high as 400%.
– PDS should start to focus on nutrition now that
calories are no longer under threat. Even the
proposed National Food Security Bill ignores that
14. Thank You
For further information,
Please contact
vnsaroja@agriwatch.com
www.agriwatch.com