The document discusses considerations for designing undergraduate programs and courses to engage students. It describes how different in-class learning activities like team-based learning can improve student interaction and learning compared to traditional passive lectures. It also identifies strategies for engaging students at the program level, like designing learning spaces and assessments to encourage collaboration, active learning, and immediate feedback.

1. Challenges around the undergraduate experience: Designing programs, units and classes for student engagement A/Professor Mark Freeman A/Dean (Learning and Teaching) [email_address]

2. Participant learning outcomes Describe some of the considerations impacting today’s UG students learning Evaluate the potential usefulness of some different in-class learning activities Identify some useful strategies (eg. engaging UG students at the program-level) Value learning as fun and interesting sometimes

3. Interactive ‘work’shop Instructions Change tables. Number off 1 to 6 on current table. All those number ‘1’ move to table 1. Number ‘2’ move to table 2. etc Sit next to someone you don’t know. Spend 1 minute each telling your life story. After 2 minutes introduce your pair partner to others on the table (Someone may need to facilitate)

4. What is your business discipline? Accounting Finance Marketing Management Economics Other

5. What year were you born? Before 1946 (mature) 1946 to 1963 (baby boomer) 1965 to 1982 (gen X) 1983 to 1991 (net gen)

6. Baby boomers and Millennials Oblinger & Oblinger (2005) Negativity Hype Turning 50 Anything slow Red tape Laziness Dislikes Parents Work-life balance Can-do attitude Latest technology Multitasking Work ethic Public activism Freedom Responsibility Likes Determined Skeptical Workaholic Hopeful Independent Optimistic Attributes Millennials Latchkey generation Me generation Description 1982–1991 1965–1982 1946–1964 Birth Dates Net Generation Generation X Baby Boomers

7. Millennials at a glance Visual Digital Connected Immediate (gratification) Multi-task Experiential Social Peers What’s needed? Crave interactivity What matters? Global Oblinger & Oblinger (2005) Internet=Oxygen

8. Scratch where itchy! “ Digital Natives accustomed to the twitch-speed, multitasking, random-access, graphics-first, active, connected, fun, fantasy, quick-payoff world of their video games, MTV, and Internet are bored by most of today's education, well-meaning as it may be. But worse, the many skills that new technology [has] actually enhanced (for example, parallel processing, graphics awareness, and random access) -- which have profound implications for their learning -- are almost totally ignored by educators ” Prensky (2001)

9. In terms of my global experience I did my UG/PG studies in my home country #1 above but visited universities outside my UG/PG studies in another country my UG & PG studies in another country my UG & PG studies in other countries

10. Helping Millennials Learn 1. Not about the technology Face-to-face interaction can’t be missing Clickers provide anonymity Provide convenience LMS (online syllabus, readings, submission, marks) Provide mobility and connectivity Wireless networking laptops Provide social Blogs and wikis and threaded discussions Provide customisation Podcasts (difficult concepts; feedback)

11. Helping Millennials Learn Assessments that matter Problem based learning Integrated business experience Encourage community and social networks Peer mentoring & peer learning In-class teamwork Design great learning activities Business games and simulations Online anonymous role play simulation

12. Helping Millennials Learn Design learning spaces for interaction Encourage informal learning and social Remove the dominant ‘large passive lecture hall’ Inverse relationship between distance from lectern and student’s total exam score (Becker 73) Forcing students to sit in centre seats when they prefer back seats results in a 40% net gain in probability of receiving an A grade (Benedict & Hoag 04)

13. TBL class 1

14. TBL class 2

15. UQ collab class

16. MIT class

17. Caledonian flexible space

18. Caledonian informal

19. Caledonian informal

20. Helping Millennials Learn 6. Interactive engagement is the key Definition: heads on (always) & hands on (usually) Co-create knowledge in/out, peers, TA, faculty, administrators, work Feedback as immediate as possible US developed National Survey of Student Engagement (NSSE) in 2000

21. Good practice designing for learning Encourages student-faculty contact Develops student reciprocity & cooperation Uses active learning techniques Gives prompt feedback Emphasizes time on task Communicates high expectations Respects diverse talents and ways of learning (Chickering & Gamson, 87; Chickering & Ehrrmann, 96)

22. Complete ‘The Minute Paper’ (page 4)

23. Strategic school-level questions How can we design better learning spaces? How can we harness learning research and technology to improve student interaction and academic efficiency? How can we design better programs? How can AAPBS work strategically to support academic leaders with these in achieving the AAPBS mission?

24. How does SPARK work? Rating scale: 0 = no contribution 1 = less than team average 2 = contribution per team average 3 = above team average

25. How will SPARK affect marks? Aggregate factors produced by SPARK system SAPA factor 1.1 indicates overrate own contribution to team by 110% SPA factor Team C: 15/20 15 x 0.9 = 13.5 15 x 1.16 = 17.4 15 x 0.75 = 11.3 15 x 1.25 = 18.8 Team B: 12/20 12 x 0.9 = 10.8 12 x 1.16 = 13.9 12 x 1.25 = 15.0 12 x 0.75 = 9.0 Team A: 12/20 12 x 1.0 = 12

26. Designing for active learning Bassey 68

27. More on designing for active learning Bligh 71

28. Designing courses: interactive engagement Hake (98) meta study Performance on standardised physics concept tests Controlled for class size and time spent on concept Sample: >6000 students 62 intro physics units IE & traditional teaching “ IE methods had an average gain 0.48 ± 0.14SD, which was two standard deviations above the traditional course which received an average gain of 0.23 ± 0.04SD”

29. (Hake, p.4, 1998)

30. Approaches to learning or (Saljo 79, Ramsden 89, Prosser 06)

31. Model of student learning (Prosser 06) Model of Student Learning (Prosser, 06)

32. Deep learning design when teaching seen as... Transmitting concepts of the syllabus Helping students acquire syllabus concepts Helping students develop conceptions Transmitting the teachers' knowledge

33. Impact of L&T activities varies with approach Teachers perception of context ) ccfffcc Approaches to cccc teaching hhhddddddddddddddd Approaches to learning hh (Prosser & Trigwell, 96; Ramsden 97) • Class size • Workload • Control • Students • Dept value of teaching versus research hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh Teachers prior experience ) Teachers perception of uni/dept Model of Academic Teaching Impact of interaction design decisions varies with approach to teaching Information transmission views of teaching sface surface) Conceptual change views of teaching hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh Teacher focussed design and teaching (eg. passive) Student focussed design and teaching (eg. interactive) Surface approach to learning sffface surface) Deep approaches to learning hffffffffhhhhhhh

34. Team problem Employers want business program graduates that meet their needs. Identify the top three educational challenges in developing graduates.

35. Map & assure program-level outcomes X X X X X Unit 5-23 X X X X X Unit 24 (Capstone) X X Ethical, social professional understandings X Communication X X Information literacy X Research & inquiry X X X Personal autonomy Unit 4 Unit 3 Unit 2 Unit 1 Bachelor of Commerce

36. Designing good program learning goals Intercultural competence The process of acquiring the culture-specific and culture general knowledge, skills, and attitudes required for effective communication and interaction with individuals from other cultures. It is a dynamic, developmental, and on-going process which engages the learner cognitively, behaviourally, and affectively. Paige et al. (2003)

37. Intercultural competence domains Alexander et al. (2006)

38. Taxonomy DIC 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Knowledge Identifies cultural foundations of own and others’ norms, values, experiences and interactions Analyses how diversity influences interaction (and how culture manifests itself in interaction) Reflects and self-evaluates one’s own and others’ capabilities and limitations in interactions in varying cultural contexts Attitudes Acknowledges the practical significance of own and others’ cultural identity (beliefs, values, norms and biases) and their impact on behaviour and interactions Values intercultural interactions and experiences with those from other cultures to further one’s own understanding and interactions Adapts to differences between oneself and others in interactions in varying cultural contexts Skills Implements appropriate processes and behaviours for interactions with different cultural settings and audiences Selects or creates complex skill sets in interactions under conditions of uncertainty, risk and change in professional business situations Applies basic skills or directions to routine tasks and interactions to accommodate (a) specified cultural difference/s Awareness Understanding Autonomy Ridings, Simpson, Leask et al. 2008

40. acctg

41. Team problem - application to AAPBS To achieve its mission of providing leadership to advance the quality of business and management education in the Asia-Pacific region, the best option for AAPBS is Commission a 1 year research project to evaluate options Develop a website with links to good practice drawing on Asia-Pacific exemplars Establish a set of standards relating to continuous improvement and a peer review process like AACSB Establish a network for senior academic managers with educational responsibilities to collaborate and share good practice

42. Convey Unit Concepts Apply unit Concepts Traditional class Team-Based Class Readiness Test Readings Lecture In Class Out of Class In Class Out of Class

43. Holistic “Team-Based Learning” Michaelsen et al (2002) & www.teambasedlearning.org Students (eg. Levine et al, 04) Actively engaged applying not passively listening Challenges previous groupwork prejudices Develops collaboration and communication skills Obvious fun and hum Achievement and learning (& in national exams) Staff (eg. Thompson et al; 07) Transformation of class time Job satisfaction Initial cost and risk of adopting – but can adopt incrementally

44. Student perceptions survey 7% 80% Overall recommend TBL next year 6% 78% Prefer both indiv & team quiz (not one) 7% 80% Team quiz developed team skills 1% 94% Indiv. test ensures all contribute to team 1% 99% In-class indv. test encouraged preparation 6% 80% Team problems helped apply quiz learning 7% 81% Regular testing helped progressive learning Disagree Agree

45. Flexibility with TBL

46. Participant learning outcomes Describe some of the considerations impacting today’s UG students learning Evaluate the potential usefulness of some different in-class learning activities Identify some useful school-level strategies to improve learning Value learning as fun and interesting sometimes

47. I can describe some of the considerations impacting today’s UG students learning. Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree

48. I have evaluated the potential usefulness of some different in-class learning activities. Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree I have evaluated the potential usefulness of some different in-class learning activities.

49. I have identified some useful school-level strategies for improving learning? Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree I have identified some useful school-level strategies to improve learning.

50. This session has helped me to value learning as fun and interesting sometimes. Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree

51. Thank you …. Q & A

52. References Papers and books Epstein, M.L., Epstein, B.B., & Brosvic, G.M. (2001). Immediate feedback during academic testing. Psychological Reports . 88, 889-894. Freeman M, McKenzie J. (2002) ‘SPARK: A Confidential Web-Based Template for Self and Peer Assessment of Student Teamwork: Benefits of Evaluating Across Different Subjects', British Journal of Educational Technology , vol.33:5, pp. 551 - 569. Michaelsen, L.K., Knight, A.B & Fink, L.D. (2004) Team-Based Learning: A Transformative Use of Small Groups in College Teaching . Stylus Publishing, Sterling VA Oblinger, D. and Oblinger, J. (2005) Is it age or IT: First steps toward understanding the Net generation. Educating the net generation . Educause Pelaez, N., (2002) “Problem-Based Writing with Peer Review Improves Academic Performance in Physiology,” Advances in Physiology Education , 26, pp174-184. Race, P., (2000) 500 Tips on Group Learning . Routledge, London. Good websites http://www.heacademy.ac.uk/business/ http://www.economicsnetwork.ac.uk/ http://teaching.econ.usyd.edu.au/ http://ipeer.apsc.ubc.ca/wiki/index.php/IPeer www.educause.edu/educatingthenetgen

53. Learning: case for deep approaches Saljo (79) then Ramsden (89), Ramsden, Prosser et al (96 ) Samples: accounting depts; >8000 students & 51 intro subjects Validated questionnaires (approaches; perceptions), Final mark Analysis: Individual student as unit of analysis across all first year subjects Individual student as unit of analysis within first year subjects First year subjects as unit of analysis Whole departments Results: A deep approach is associated with perceptions of good teaching & clear goals and standards A surface approach is associated with perceptions of an excessive workload and assessment testing reproduction

54. Approaches to learning Surface Approach Although I generally remember facts and details, I find it difficult to fit them together into an overall picture (32) The best way for me to understand what technical terms mean is to remember the textbook definitions (35) Deep Approach I try to relate ideas in this subject to those in other subjects, wherever possible (28) In trying to understand new ideas, I often try to relate them to real life situations to which they might apply (34) Approaches not static. All can take deep approach to task/subject. Approach depends on prior experiences, design (eg. assessment) and T&L activities (eg. interaction)

55. Good teaching scale – six items Items The teaching staff of this course motivated me to do my best work (3) The staff put a lot of time into commenting on my work (7) The staff made a real effort to understand difficulties I might be having with my work (15) The teaching staff normally gave me helpful feedback on how I was going (17) My lecturers were extremely good at explaining things (18) The teaching staff worked hard to make their subjects interesting (20) The Good Teaching Scale is characterised by practices such as providing students with feedback on their progress, explaining things, making the course interesting, motivating students, and understanding students' problems.