This document provides biographical information about Marcus Garvey and discusses his views on black nationalism and pan-Africanism. It notes that Garvey felt the social relations between black and white people made it impossible for blacks to be treated as equals in America. He therefore advocated for the creation of a distinct black civilization in Africa, believing this was the only hope for black people's redemption. The document also examines Garvey's childhood in Jamaica and his decision to openly defend and help improve the black race, despite risks to his own prosperity.

1.  
By: Davonte Logan
UCLA Ralph J. Bunche Summer Humanities Institute

2.  “As the social relations
between black and white are
impossible, and as the whites
are too prejudiced against the
black to treat him as an equal
either socially, politically, or
industrially, therefore the black
man’s only hope of redemption
is the creation of a distinct type
of civilization in his
motherland.”
-Garvey, Marcus Mosiah, and Robert A. Hill. The Marcus Garvey and Universal Negro
Improvement Association Papers. Berkeley (Calif.): University of California press, 2006.
Print.

3.  Leader at an early age
 Childhood friends were white
 He made no distinction between white and black
 Exposed to Jamaica's social hierarchy
 Born: August 17, 1887
 Location: St. Ann’s Bay, Jamaica
 Died: June 10, 1940

4. Society structured from a caste system
Whites-dominant class
Mulattos-middle class
Blacks-lower class, considered inferior

5. Name Description
Negro Negro and Negro produce an offspring
Mulatto White and Negro produce an offspring
Sambo Mulatto and Negro produce an offspring
Quadroon White and Mulatto produce an offspring
Mustee White and Quadroon produce an offspring
Mustifino White and Mustee produce an offspring
Quintroon White and Mustifino produce an offspring
Octoroon White and Quintroon produce an offspring

7.  “I had to decide whether
to please my friends and
be one of the “black-
whites” of Jamaica, and
be reasonably
prosperous, or come out
openly and defend and
help improve and protect
the integrity of the black
millions and suffer. I
decided to do the latter.”
-Grant, Colin. Negro with a hat: the rise and fall of Marcus Garvey. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.
Print

8.  Born: August 3, 1832
 Location: Saint Thomas,
Danish West Indies (now
the US Virgin Islands)
 “New World Negro”

9.  Born: April 5, 1856
Hale’s Ford, Virginia
 Died: November 14, 1915
Tuskegee, Alabama
 Used education to
liberate the Black race

10.  Born: February 1, 1834
 Location: Newberry,
South Carolina
 Died: Windsor, Ontario,
1915
 Status of free black men
should be the same as
white men.

11.  Established in the United States
 Adopted as a law in the early 20th century
 One drop of black blood, you were considered black

13. Marcus Garvey
 Repatriation back to
Africa
 Blacks stay separate from
whites
 Sensitive to the
“blackness” of his skin
color
Du Bois
 Migration back to Africa
was absurd
 Lower class blacks need
to become more
educated
 Colorism does not exist

14. Universal Negro Improvement
Association
National Association for the
Advancement of Colored People
(NAACP)

15.  People of mixed race should not be excluded
 Include all Shades of color in the Diaspora
 Future research on the issue of colorism

16.  Dr. Paul Von Blum
 Dr. Keidra Morris
 Dr. Godfrey Vincent
 Samantha Sheppard, Ph.D. (c)
 SHI Colleagues, Faculty, and Staff
 Tuskegee University

17.  Clarke, John Henrik. Marcus Garvey and the vision of Africa. New York:
Vintage Books, 1974. Print.
 Dagnini, J.K.. "Marcus Garvey: A Controversial Figure in the History of Pan-
Africanism." The Journal of Pan-African Studies 2.3 (2008): 198-208.
Print.
 Grant, Colin. Negro with a hat: the rise and fall of Marcus Garvey. Oxford:
Oxford University Press, 2008. Print.
 Hill, Robert A., and Marcus Garvey. The Marcus Garvey and Universal
Negro Improvement Association papers. Berkeley: University of
California Press, 19832011. Print.
 Lewis, Rupert. Marcus Garvey: anti-colonial champion. Trenton, N.J.: Africa
World Press, 1988. Print.
 Mackie, Liz, and Marcus Garvey. The great Marcus Garvey. London: Hansib
Pub., 1987. Print.
 Taylor, Ula Y.. The veiled Garvey: the life & times of Amy Jacques Garvey.
Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2002. Print.

18.  http://www.black-king.net/library%20marcus%20garvey.htm
 http://www.negroartist.com/MARCUS%20GARVEY/pages/MARCUS%20GA
RVEY3_gif.htm
 http://b-womeninamericanhistory19.blogspot.com/2009/05/tignon-laws-in-
louisiana.html
 http://news.sl/drwebsite/exec/view.cgi?archive=3&num=148
 http://www.history.com/news/what-killed-charles-darwin
 http://blackhistorysecrets.com/black-history-month-henry-mcneal-turner/
 http://www.archerbiosciences.com/
 http://www.nps.gov/hafe/historyculture/w-e-b-dubois.htm