2. Booker T. Washington
• Accommodation
• Tuskegee Institute
• Autobiography, Up From
Slavery
3.
4. WEB DuBois
National Association for the
Advancement of Colored People
(NAACP)
“The organization stands for the rights of man,
irrespective of color or race, for the highest ideals
of American democracy, and for reasonable but
earnest and persistent attempts to gains these
rights and realize these ideals”.
Crisis – NAACP newspaper
Wrote The Souls of Black Folk
5.
6. Marcus Garvey
• Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA)
• Pan-Africanism
• Envisioned a black nation and empire
“I regard the Klan, the Anglo-Saxon clubs and White
American societies, as far as the Negro is concerned,
as better friends of the race than all other groups of
hypocritical whites put together.”
Marcus Garvey
“Marcus Garvey is, without doubt, the most dangerous
enemy of the Negro race in America and in the
world. He is either a lunatic or a traitor.”
WEB DuBois
7. “We have been dying for the last five hundred years – and
for whom? For an alien race. The time has come for the
Negro to die for himself. We pledge our lifeblood, our
sacred blood, to the battlefields of Africa.”
Garvey
8. “Now is the accepted time, not tomorrow, not some
more convenient season. It is today that our best work
can be done and not some future day or future year. It
is today that we fit ourselves for the greater usefulness
of tomorrow.”
DuBois
9. “Among a large class, there seemed to be a dependence upon the
government for every conceivable thing....How many times I
wished then and have often wished since, that by some power of
magic, I might remove the great bulk of these people into the
country districts and plant them upon the soil – upon the solid and
never deceptive foundation of Mother Nature, where all nations
and races that have ever succeeded have gotten their start – a
start that at first may be slow and toilsome, but one that
nevertheless is real.”
Washington
10. “The equality in political, industrial and social life which
modern men must have in order to live, is not to be
confounded with sameness. On the contrary, in our case,
it is rather insistence upon the right of diversity; - upon
the right of a human being to be a man.”
DuBois
11. “I knew that, in a large degree, we were trying an
experiment [Reconstruction]--that of testing whether or
not it was possible for Negroes to build up and control the
affairs of a large education institution. I knew that if we
failed it would injure the whole race.”
Washington
12. “To have built up a new organization, which was not
purely political, among Negroes in America was a
wonderful feat, for the Negro politician does not allow
any other kind of organization within his race to thrive.”
Garvey
13. “Make Africa a first-rate power, a first-rate nation, and if
you live in Georgia, if you live in Mississippi, if you live in
Texas, as a black man I will dare them to lynch you,
because you are an African citizen and you will have a
great army and a great navy to protect you.”
Garvey
14. “The wisest among my race understand that agitations
of social equality are the extremist folly, and that
progress in the enjoyment of all privileges that will
come to us must be the result of severe and constant
struggle rather than of artificial forcing.”
Washington
15. “We have been cheerfully spit upon and murdered and
burned. If we are to die, in God’s name let us perish
like men and not like bales of hay….kill lecherous white
invaders in their homes and take your lynching like a
man. It’s worth it!”
DuBois
16. “One ever feels his two-ness, -- an American, a Negro;
two souls, two thoughts, two unreconciled strivings;
two warring ideals in one dark body, whose strength
alone keeps it from being torn asunder. It is a
peculiar sensation this double-consciousness, this
sense of always looking at one’s self through the eyes
if others, of measuring one’s soul by the tape of the
world that looks on in amused contempt and pity.”
DuBois
17. “In all things that are purely social, we can be as
separate as fingers, yet one as the hand in all things
essential to mutual progress.”
Washington
18. “They tell us that God is white. That is a lie. They tell us
that all of His angels are white, too. To my mind,
everything that is devilish is white. They told us that the
devil was a black man. There isn’t a greater devil in the
world than the white man.”
Garvey
19. “For now nearly twenty years we have made ourselves mudsills
for the feet of this Western world. We have echoed and
applauded every shameful accusation made against 10,000,000
victims of slavery. Did they call us half-beasts? We nodded our
simple heads and whispered: “We is.” Did they call our women
prostitutes and our children bastards? We smiled and cast a
stone at the bruised beasts of our wives and daughters. Did they
accuse of laziness 4,000,000 seating, struggling laborers, halfpaid and cheated out of much of that? We shrieked: “Ain’t it so?”
We laughed with them at our color, we joked at our sad past,
and we told chicken stories to get alms.”
DuBois
20. “A people without the knowledge of their past history,
origin and culture is like a tree without roots.”
Garvey
