Marcus Garvey was a prominent black nationalist and leader in the early 20th century. He founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) in 1914 to advocate for black pride, economic empowerment, and African independence from European colonial rule. The UNIA established branches across the Americas and Africa, publishing the widely disseminated Negro World newspaper. At its peak in the early 1920s, the UNIA had hundreds of chapters worldwide. However, Garvey was later imprisoned in the U.S. for mail fraud related to his Black Star Line shipping company and ultimately deported back to Jamaica in 1927.
McDuffie, Garvyeism in Chicago, ABD, 8, 2, 2015Erik McDuffie
This article analyzes the history of Marcus Garvey's Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) in Chicago from the 1920s to the 1960s. Garvey's message of black pride, African redemption, and self-determination resonated with thousands of black Chicagoans who joined the UNIA. Chicago was a stronghold of the movement, with some of the largest UNIA divisions in the world. Although membership declined by the 1930s, Garveyism remained influential through various black nationalist and left-wing groups. The article aims to shed light on this underexplored aspect of Chicago's history and its role in the broader African diaspora.
Marcus Garvey was a Jamaican political leader who advocated for black nationalism and Pan-Africanism. He founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League. Garvey was born in Jamaica and attended Methodist school. Unable to further his political goals in Jamaica, he moved to the United States in 1916 and gave speeches promoting black empowerment. However, he faced opposition from W.E.B. Du Bois and others. In 1919, J. Edgar Hoover charged Garvey with mail fraud, leading to his imprisonment. Garvey later returned to Jamaica and was declared the country's first national hero after his death in 1940.
09 Power Point Presentation The White Architects Of Black Education 5 (2)zjohnson86
Many early social scientists and educators embraced theories of scientific racism and biological determinism to argue that racial inequality was natural and justified social hierarchies. Figures like Louis Agassiz and Samuel Morton used quantification of perceived physical differences to argue that human races were separate species, with Africans and Blacks ranked lowest. These ideas influenced the development of fields like eugenics and justified colonial policies of exploitation, slavery, and restricting black education to focus only on manual labor.
Marcus Garvey was a revolutionary writer from Jamaica who achieved great success promoting black rights in the United States in the early 20th century. As a young man he advocated for cooperation with colonial governments, but later founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association to promote racial pride and black self-sufficiency. The UNIA established branches across the United States and influenced nationalist movements in the Caribbean and Africa. Though Garvey faced opposition from colonial governments, he became one of the most influential leaders of the Pan-African and Black Nationalist movements during the Harlem Renaissance.
Marcus Garvey was a revolutionary writer from Jamaica who achieved great success promoting black rights in the United States in the early 20th century. As a young man he advocated for cooperation with colonial governments, but later founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association to promote racial pride and black self-sufficiency. The UNIA established branches across the United States and influenced nationalist movements in the Caribbean and Africa. Though Garvey faced opposition from colonial governments, he became one of the most influential leaders of the Pan-African and Black Nationalist movements during the Harlem Renaissance.
The document provides biographical information about Marcus Garvey and discusses the origins of black nationalism and the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) founded by Garvey. It summarizes Garvey's life and achievements, including establishing the UNIA in 1914, organizing the first convention in 1920 that attracted 25,000 people, publishing The Negro World newspaper, and launching business ventures including the Black Star Line. The document also discusses Garvey's imprisonment in the 1920s and subsequent deportation from the US, as well as his lessons on learning and maxims that emphasized black pride, education, and empowerment.
McDuffie, Garveyism in Cleveland, African Identities, May 2011Erik McDuffie
This article examines the history of the Garvey movement in Cleveland, Ohio from the 1920s through the 1970s. It explores how thousands of working-class black Clevelanders joined the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA), captivated by Marcus Garvey's message of race pride, black self-determination, and redeeming Africa from colonial rule. The UNIA was most prominent in Cleveland in the early 1920s, with Division 59 claiming thousands of members. Women played a visible leadership role in the Cleveland UNIA. Although the local movement declined by the 1920s, Garveyism remained an influence in Cleveland through new protest groups and a resurgence among black nationalists in the late 1960s.
Tribute to an Afrikan King: The Honorable Marcus Mosiah Garvey RBG Communiversity
Marcus Mosiah Garvey was a Jamaican political leader and publisher who founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA). He advocated for black nationalism, economic empowerment, and the creation of an independent black nation in Africa. Garvey gained a large following in the early 20th century, with the UNIA claiming over 4 million members at its peak. However, Garvey's businesses failed and he was convicted of mail fraud in 1923, leading to his imprisonment and deportation from the US in 1927. Despite this, Garvey remained an influential figure who promoted black pride and separation from white societies.
McDuffie, Garvyeism in Chicago, ABD, 8, 2, 2015Erik McDuffie
This article analyzes the history of Marcus Garvey's Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) in Chicago from the 1920s to the 1960s. Garvey's message of black pride, African redemption, and self-determination resonated with thousands of black Chicagoans who joined the UNIA. Chicago was a stronghold of the movement, with some of the largest UNIA divisions in the world. Although membership declined by the 1930s, Garveyism remained influential through various black nationalist and left-wing groups. The article aims to shed light on this underexplored aspect of Chicago's history and its role in the broader African diaspora.
Marcus Garvey was a Jamaican political leader who advocated for black nationalism and Pan-Africanism. He founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League. Garvey was born in Jamaica and attended Methodist school. Unable to further his political goals in Jamaica, he moved to the United States in 1916 and gave speeches promoting black empowerment. However, he faced opposition from W.E.B. Du Bois and others. In 1919, J. Edgar Hoover charged Garvey with mail fraud, leading to his imprisonment. Garvey later returned to Jamaica and was declared the country's first national hero after his death in 1940.
09 Power Point Presentation The White Architects Of Black Education 5 (2)zjohnson86
Many early social scientists and educators embraced theories of scientific racism and biological determinism to argue that racial inequality was natural and justified social hierarchies. Figures like Louis Agassiz and Samuel Morton used quantification of perceived physical differences to argue that human races were separate species, with Africans and Blacks ranked lowest. These ideas influenced the development of fields like eugenics and justified colonial policies of exploitation, slavery, and restricting black education to focus only on manual labor.
Marcus Garvey was a revolutionary writer from Jamaica who achieved great success promoting black rights in the United States in the early 20th century. As a young man he advocated for cooperation with colonial governments, but later founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association to promote racial pride and black self-sufficiency. The UNIA established branches across the United States and influenced nationalist movements in the Caribbean and Africa. Though Garvey faced opposition from colonial governments, he became one of the most influential leaders of the Pan-African and Black Nationalist movements during the Harlem Renaissance.
Marcus Garvey was a revolutionary writer from Jamaica who achieved great success promoting black rights in the United States in the early 20th century. As a young man he advocated for cooperation with colonial governments, but later founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association to promote racial pride and black self-sufficiency. The UNIA established branches across the United States and influenced nationalist movements in the Caribbean and Africa. Though Garvey faced opposition from colonial governments, he became one of the most influential leaders of the Pan-African and Black Nationalist movements during the Harlem Renaissance.
The document provides biographical information about Marcus Garvey and discusses the origins of black nationalism and the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) founded by Garvey. It summarizes Garvey's life and achievements, including establishing the UNIA in 1914, organizing the first convention in 1920 that attracted 25,000 people, publishing The Negro World newspaper, and launching business ventures including the Black Star Line. The document also discusses Garvey's imprisonment in the 1920s and subsequent deportation from the US, as well as his lessons on learning and maxims that emphasized black pride, education, and empowerment.
McDuffie, Garveyism in Cleveland, African Identities, May 2011Erik McDuffie
This article examines the history of the Garvey movement in Cleveland, Ohio from the 1920s through the 1970s. It explores how thousands of working-class black Clevelanders joined the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA), captivated by Marcus Garvey's message of race pride, black self-determination, and redeeming Africa from colonial rule. The UNIA was most prominent in Cleveland in the early 1920s, with Division 59 claiming thousands of members. Women played a visible leadership role in the Cleveland UNIA. Although the local movement declined by the 1920s, Garveyism remained an influence in Cleveland through new protest groups and a resurgence among black nationalists in the late 1960s.
Tribute to an Afrikan King: The Honorable Marcus Mosiah Garvey RBG Communiversity
Marcus Mosiah Garvey was a Jamaican political leader and publisher who founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA). He advocated for black nationalism, economic empowerment, and the creation of an independent black nation in Africa. Garvey gained a large following in the early 20th century, with the UNIA claiming over 4 million members at its peak. However, Garvey's businesses failed and he was convicted of mail fraud in 1923, leading to his imprisonment and deportation from the US in 1927. Despite this, Garvey remained an influential figure who promoted black pride and separation from white societies.
This document provides an overview of Marcus Garvey's life and accomplishments. It discusses his childhood in Jamaica, his move to the United States where he founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association, and his Back to Africa movement advocating for black empowerment and black nationalism. It also describes the Black Star Line shipping company he created to facilitate transportation for African Americans back to Africa, which ultimately went bankrupt contributing to his decline. The document concludes with some tributes given to Garvey for his work advocating for black rights and empowerment.
THE CHALLEGES OF PAN-AFRICANISM FROM W.E.B DUBOIS TO KWAME NKRUMAHAJHSSR Journal
Abstract: This article deals with the issue of Pan Africanism from America, via Europe, until Africa. Our goal
is to show how the challenges of Pan-Africanism started in America with activities of Sylvester W.E.B Dubois
until Kwame Nkrumah in Africa. Despite theclaimings for their cultural identities, their origins, and different
activities of Sylvester W.E.B Dubois, Afro-American remain under the white men domination, not only in the
socio-cultural field, but also in the socio-political even economic as well. So more than 60 century ago, the
whole cultural, socio-politics, even the economic life in America was totally belonging to the white men. So,
through socio historical approach, we have noticed that the ideas of the African Unity resulted from the different
activities of Pan-Africanism by Silvester W.E.B Dubois in America, via Europ and finally in Africa with
Kwame Nkrumah.
Marcus Garvey Power Point Presentation-FinalDavonte Logan
This document provides biographical information about Marcus Garvey and discusses his views on black nationalism and pan-Africanism. It notes that Garvey felt the social relations between black and white people made it impossible for blacks to be treated as equals in America. He therefore advocated for the creation of a distinct black civilization in Africa, believing this was the only hope for black people's redemption. The document also examines Garvey's childhood in Jamaica and his decision to openly defend and help improve the black race, despite risks to his own prosperity.
The RBG Quest for Black Power Reader a The RBG Quest for Black Power Reader: ...RBG Communiversity
This document provides an overview and introduction to essays on the history of Black Nationalism and Pan-Africanism. It discusses how the compilation aims to encourage critical thinking about these topics through both written and oral traditions. The essays will examine Black Nationalist philosophies and ideologies from different time periods, covering influential figures like Marcus Garvey, Elijah Muhammad, and Malcolm X. They will also discuss the origins and key principles of Black Nationalism, including black unity, self-determination, and the importance of Africa to the movement.
This document discusses several ideologies that have been influential in the Caribbean, including Pan-Africanism, Negritude, Capitalism, Marxism, and Feminism. It provides background on the origins and objectives of the Pan-African movement in the 18th century, spearheaded by figures like Henry Sylvester Williams. It also discusses how these ideologies were taken up and advanced by various Caribbean thinkers and activists in the 19th-20th centuries, including Marcus Garvey, Cyril Briggs, and Malcolm Nurse in the case of Pan-Africanism, and the celebration of black identity and culture through Negritude. The document further examines the adoption of Marxist and capitalist frameworks to analyze and guide Caribbean economic
A Brief History of Black Nationalism and RBG's Current Academic ContributionsRBG Communiversity
The document provides a history of black nationalism and an overview of RBG's current academic contributions related to black nationalism. It discusses key figures in the development of black nationalism like Marcus Garvey, Malcolm X, and Frantz Fanon. It also summarizes organizations that advocated black nationalist ideologies like the Republic of New Afrika, the Uhuru Movement, and the Black Power movement. Finally, it outlines several online resources maintained by RBG that focus on topics related to black nationalism, history, culture, and political education.
Chinweizu_ Marcus Garvey and Black Power (Parts 1 through 6)RBG Communiversity
Garvey argued that the Black race will be exterminated if it does not build a Black superpower in Africa by the end of the century. He summarizes Marcus Garvey's legacy, including his institution building, profound ideas, and projects for successors. Key aspects of Garvey's legacy were his establishment of political, business, social, and paramilitary institutions through the UNIA; ideas like race first, racial autonomy, self-reliance, nation building, and industrialization; and his dramatization of Black power that inspired future leaders despite attempts to discredit him.
Dr. Clarke In His Own Words_ African Education At the Crossroads. RBG Communiversity
This document provides an autobiographical account from Dr. John Henrik Clarke reflecting on his life and work as an historian, author, and activist. Some key points:
- Clarke was born in 1915 in Alabama and grew up in a sharecropping family, working various jobs from a young age to support himself and his education.
- He had a passion for history from a young age and left the South to pursue further education and a career focused on researching and teaching African history.
- Throughout his life, Clarke authored hundreds of works on African history and the African diaspora. He also founded or helped establish numerous organizations focused on African and African American studies.
- Clarke dedicated his career to
Political Report to the 7th Congress of the African People's Socialist Party USARBG Communiversity
The document is the political report from the chairman of the African People's Socialist Party to the party's Seventh Congress. It discusses the party's role as the vanguard and advanced detachment of the African revolution. It provides the party's history and achievements over its 45+ year existence. It emphasizes the party's goal of seizing state power in Africa to liberate the continent from imperialism and establish socialism under the leadership of the African working class.
Dr. Amos N. Wilson_The Battle Must Be Joined | A Revolutionary PoemRBG Communiversity
This document calls for joining the battle against racism through direct action and confrontation. It states that true change requires risking defeat, fighting "hand to hand" through institutions and traditions, and creating a new world order through rebuilding and restoring what has been destroyed. The battle must be fought through the mind, spirit, will, money, technology, and physical confrontation if needed. Ultimately, change depends on ordinary people taking up the challenge and making this new world their own.
The Revolutionary Psychology of Dr. Amos N. Wilson_text only versionRBG Communiversity
1) The passage discusses the revolutionary psychology of Dr. Amos N. Wilson and emphasizes the need to join the battle for liberation through concrete action and building new institutions.
2) It criticizes assimilationist leadership that seeks integration into white systems of power and calls for a true nationalist movement that works to replace oppressive systems with Afrocentric alternatives through entrepreneurship and future-oriented work.
3) A true nationalist educates both children and adults, builds international networks, and delegates power rather than being obsessed with the past or destroyed civilizations. Nationalism requires concrete progress.
Imperialism 101_ Chapter 1 of Against Empire by Michael ParentiRBG Communiversity
This document provides an overview and analysis of imperialism. It discusses how imperialism has shaped world history over the past few centuries through the colonization and oppression of indigenous peoples. While imperialism has had massive impacts, it is often ignored or sanitized in mainstream discourse. The document examines the economic drivers of capitalist imperialism, how it has exploited the land, labor and resources of the global south for profit. It also debunks common myths used to justify imperialism, such as the notion that colonized regions were inherently poor or culturally backward.
This document outlines standards and guidelines for members of the African People's Socialist Party. It discusses that Party members must be committed to serving the people and struggling for African liberation, unity, and socialism. The Party aims to educate the masses and lead them in struggles to solve their problems and undermine the imperialist system. The document explains the Party's revolutionary strategy and role in developing the political consciousness of the people through organizing struggles. It emphasizes the importance of discipline and subordinating individual interests to serve the Party and liberation movement.
This document contains multiple quotes from Malcolm X on a variety of topics:
1) Malcolm X criticizes those in the black community who are too comfortable with their current situation and unwilling to push for further progress and change.
2) He expresses that while he is against racism and discrimination, he does not view himself as an American due to the oppression black people face in the U.S.
3) Malcolm X emphasizes the importance of black unity before trying to unite with other groups, and calls for greater understanding between black people to overcome divisions.
This document summarizes key points from Dr. Amos Wilson's book "Blueprint for Black Power" regarding economics and Afrikan nationalism. It discusses Wilson's argument that an African American/Caribbean/Pan-African bloc could generate significant black power to counter white and Asian power networks. It also analyzes potentially powerful black institutions and advocates for greater use of financial tools and institutions to promote economic empowerment. Wilson asserts that true black power requires ownership and control over critical resources like property, wealth, and organization, rather than just political offices. The responsibility of the African American community is to ensure Africa's economic development and invest in rebuilding Africa.
The 14-Point Platform of the African People's Socialist Party outlines their core beliefs and goals. The key points are:
1) They believe African people in the US experience colonial domination and oppression, and seek peace, dignity, and self-determination.
2) They believe the capitalist system exploits African labor and want rights to economic development and jobs that benefit their people.
3) They do not believe African people have meaningful political representation, so do not want to pay taxes to the US government.
4) They want freedom of speech and association to organize for liberation without fear of imprisonment or harm.
5) They view all African people as part of a single entity, and want the
From: Chairman Omali Yeshitela , Ch. 3. The Theory of African Internationalism. In: An Uneasy Equilibrium - Commemorative Edition: The African Revolution Versus Parasitic Capitalism, Burning Spear Uhuru Publications, 2014.
Decolonizing the African Mind: Further Analysis and Strategy_Dr. Uhuru HotepRBG Communiversity
This document provides an overview and framework for discussing the psychology of African liberation. It discusses how Europeans perfected methods of psychological manipulation and control over Africans through processes of colonization, deculturalization, and mis-education. These processes aim to strip Africans of their culture and replace it with European culture in order to manipulate and control them. The document outlines the history of European colonialism in Africa and how it led to the colonization of African lands, knowledge, and minds. It discusses how deculturalization and mis-education have affected African Americans and aims to brainwash them. The document concludes by discussing the need to decolonize the African mind through reversing these processes and embracing African concepts and orientations.
2017 African People's Socialist Party Plenary Putting Revolution Back On the ...RBG Communiversity
The document discusses an African People's Socialist Party plenary meeting to assess progress on implementing the goals established at the party's sixth congress five years prior. It describes the imperialist crisis exacerbating political instability in the US and challenges facing the African liberation movement. The party sees itself as providing revolutionary leadership for the African working class to achieve socialist liberation and unification against neocolonial forces promoting dependency.
This document summarizes the evolution of scholarship on the Black Power movement. It notes that early narratives portrayed Black Power negatively and dismissed its impact. However, over the past 15 years, new scholarship has provided nuanced analyses that demystify the movement and document its profound implications. The essay examines how the study of Black Power has grown from being part of civil rights historiography to becoming its own distinct field. It traces the roots of the Black Power movement in earlier 20th century radicalism and outlines some of the movement's key activities and impacts during the late 1960s and early 1970s.
African People’s Socialist Party 14-Point Platform Study-GuideRBG Communiversity
The document provides an overview of the 14-Point Platform of the African People's Socialist Party, which was adopted in 1981. It states that studying the 14 points equips members to understand the Party's theory of African Internationalism and take action to liberate Africa and African people everywhere. The 14 points are considered the basic political education course for understanding the Party's ideology and practice. The document urges members to memorize and internalize the 14 points and use them daily in organizing Africans to liberate Africa and their people.
This document contains Malcolm X's speech given at the London School of Economics in 1965. In it, he makes 3 key points:
1) American society is racist and uses the media to portray Black communities as criminal to justify police brutality and oppression.
2) Western powers manipulate the media to control the narrative around conflicts in Africa, portraying violence against Black communities as justified while ignoring mass murder.
3) Centuries of colonial rule created a negative image of Africa that caused Black people in the West to internalize racism and hate their African identity and features.
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Similar to The Marcus Garvey and UNIA Papers Project-A UCLA African Studies Center Projects-Extracts
This document provides an overview of Marcus Garvey's life and accomplishments. It discusses his childhood in Jamaica, his move to the United States where he founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association, and his Back to Africa movement advocating for black empowerment and black nationalism. It also describes the Black Star Line shipping company he created to facilitate transportation for African Americans back to Africa, which ultimately went bankrupt contributing to his decline. The document concludes with some tributes given to Garvey for his work advocating for black rights and empowerment.
THE CHALLEGES OF PAN-AFRICANISM FROM W.E.B DUBOIS TO KWAME NKRUMAHAJHSSR Journal
Abstract: This article deals with the issue of Pan Africanism from America, via Europe, until Africa. Our goal
is to show how the challenges of Pan-Africanism started in America with activities of Sylvester W.E.B Dubois
until Kwame Nkrumah in Africa. Despite theclaimings for their cultural identities, their origins, and different
activities of Sylvester W.E.B Dubois, Afro-American remain under the white men domination, not only in the
socio-cultural field, but also in the socio-political even economic as well. So more than 60 century ago, the
whole cultural, socio-politics, even the economic life in America was totally belonging to the white men. So,
through socio historical approach, we have noticed that the ideas of the African Unity resulted from the different
activities of Pan-Africanism by Silvester W.E.B Dubois in America, via Europ and finally in Africa with
Kwame Nkrumah.
Marcus Garvey Power Point Presentation-FinalDavonte Logan
This document provides biographical information about Marcus Garvey and discusses his views on black nationalism and pan-Africanism. It notes that Garvey felt the social relations between black and white people made it impossible for blacks to be treated as equals in America. He therefore advocated for the creation of a distinct black civilization in Africa, believing this was the only hope for black people's redemption. The document also examines Garvey's childhood in Jamaica and his decision to openly defend and help improve the black race, despite risks to his own prosperity.
The RBG Quest for Black Power Reader a The RBG Quest for Black Power Reader: ...RBG Communiversity
This document provides an overview and introduction to essays on the history of Black Nationalism and Pan-Africanism. It discusses how the compilation aims to encourage critical thinking about these topics through both written and oral traditions. The essays will examine Black Nationalist philosophies and ideologies from different time periods, covering influential figures like Marcus Garvey, Elijah Muhammad, and Malcolm X. They will also discuss the origins and key principles of Black Nationalism, including black unity, self-determination, and the importance of Africa to the movement.
This document discusses several ideologies that have been influential in the Caribbean, including Pan-Africanism, Negritude, Capitalism, Marxism, and Feminism. It provides background on the origins and objectives of the Pan-African movement in the 18th century, spearheaded by figures like Henry Sylvester Williams. It also discusses how these ideologies were taken up and advanced by various Caribbean thinkers and activists in the 19th-20th centuries, including Marcus Garvey, Cyril Briggs, and Malcolm Nurse in the case of Pan-Africanism, and the celebration of black identity and culture through Negritude. The document further examines the adoption of Marxist and capitalist frameworks to analyze and guide Caribbean economic
A Brief History of Black Nationalism and RBG's Current Academic ContributionsRBG Communiversity
The document provides a history of black nationalism and an overview of RBG's current academic contributions related to black nationalism. It discusses key figures in the development of black nationalism like Marcus Garvey, Malcolm X, and Frantz Fanon. It also summarizes organizations that advocated black nationalist ideologies like the Republic of New Afrika, the Uhuru Movement, and the Black Power movement. Finally, it outlines several online resources maintained by RBG that focus on topics related to black nationalism, history, culture, and political education.
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Garvey argued that the Black race will be exterminated if it does not build a Black superpower in Africa by the end of the century. He summarizes Marcus Garvey's legacy, including his institution building, profound ideas, and projects for successors. Key aspects of Garvey's legacy were his establishment of political, business, social, and paramilitary institutions through the UNIA; ideas like race first, racial autonomy, self-reliance, nation building, and industrialization; and his dramatization of Black power that inspired future leaders despite attempts to discredit him.
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This document provides an autobiographical account from Dr. John Henrik Clarke reflecting on his life and work as an historian, author, and activist. Some key points:
- Clarke was born in 1915 in Alabama and grew up in a sharecropping family, working various jobs from a young age to support himself and his education.
- He had a passion for history from a young age and left the South to pursue further education and a career focused on researching and teaching African history.
- Throughout his life, Clarke authored hundreds of works on African history and the African diaspora. He also founded or helped establish numerous organizations focused on African and African American studies.
- Clarke dedicated his career to
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The document is the political report from the chairman of the African People's Socialist Party to the party's Seventh Congress. It discusses the party's role as the vanguard and advanced detachment of the African revolution. It provides the party's history and achievements over its 45+ year existence. It emphasizes the party's goal of seizing state power in Africa to liberate the continent from imperialism and establish socialism under the leadership of the African working class.
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This document calls for joining the battle against racism through direct action and confrontation. It states that true change requires risking defeat, fighting "hand to hand" through institutions and traditions, and creating a new world order through rebuilding and restoring what has been destroyed. The battle must be fought through the mind, spirit, will, money, technology, and physical confrontation if needed. Ultimately, change depends on ordinary people taking up the challenge and making this new world their own.
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1) The passage discusses the revolutionary psychology of Dr. Amos N. Wilson and emphasizes the need to join the battle for liberation through concrete action and building new institutions.
2) It criticizes assimilationist leadership that seeks integration into white systems of power and calls for a true nationalist movement that works to replace oppressive systems with Afrocentric alternatives through entrepreneurship and future-oriented work.
3) A true nationalist educates both children and adults, builds international networks, and delegates power rather than being obsessed with the past or destroyed civilizations. Nationalism requires concrete progress.
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This document provides an overview and analysis of imperialism. It discusses how imperialism has shaped world history over the past few centuries through the colonization and oppression of indigenous peoples. While imperialism has had massive impacts, it is often ignored or sanitized in mainstream discourse. The document examines the economic drivers of capitalist imperialism, how it has exploited the land, labor and resources of the global south for profit. It also debunks common myths used to justify imperialism, such as the notion that colonized regions were inherently poor or culturally backward.
This document outlines standards and guidelines for members of the African People's Socialist Party. It discusses that Party members must be committed to serving the people and struggling for African liberation, unity, and socialism. The Party aims to educate the masses and lead them in struggles to solve their problems and undermine the imperialist system. The document explains the Party's revolutionary strategy and role in developing the political consciousness of the people through organizing struggles. It emphasizes the importance of discipline and subordinating individual interests to serve the Party and liberation movement.
This document contains multiple quotes from Malcolm X on a variety of topics:
1) Malcolm X criticizes those in the black community who are too comfortable with their current situation and unwilling to push for further progress and change.
2) He expresses that while he is against racism and discrimination, he does not view himself as an American due to the oppression black people face in the U.S.
3) Malcolm X emphasizes the importance of black unity before trying to unite with other groups, and calls for greater understanding between black people to overcome divisions.
This document summarizes key points from Dr. Amos Wilson's book "Blueprint for Black Power" regarding economics and Afrikan nationalism. It discusses Wilson's argument that an African American/Caribbean/Pan-African bloc could generate significant black power to counter white and Asian power networks. It also analyzes potentially powerful black institutions and advocates for greater use of financial tools and institutions to promote economic empowerment. Wilson asserts that true black power requires ownership and control over critical resources like property, wealth, and organization, rather than just political offices. The responsibility of the African American community is to ensure Africa's economic development and invest in rebuilding Africa.
The 14-Point Platform of the African People's Socialist Party outlines their core beliefs and goals. The key points are:
1) They believe African people in the US experience colonial domination and oppression, and seek peace, dignity, and self-determination.
2) They believe the capitalist system exploits African labor and want rights to economic development and jobs that benefit their people.
3) They do not believe African people have meaningful political representation, so do not want to pay taxes to the US government.
4) They want freedom of speech and association to organize for liberation without fear of imprisonment or harm.
5) They view all African people as part of a single entity, and want the
From: Chairman Omali Yeshitela , Ch. 3. The Theory of African Internationalism. In: An Uneasy Equilibrium - Commemorative Edition: The African Revolution Versus Parasitic Capitalism, Burning Spear Uhuru Publications, 2014.
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This document provides an overview and framework for discussing the psychology of African liberation. It discusses how Europeans perfected methods of psychological manipulation and control over Africans through processes of colonization, deculturalization, and mis-education. These processes aim to strip Africans of their culture and replace it with European culture in order to manipulate and control them. The document outlines the history of European colonialism in Africa and how it led to the colonization of African lands, knowledge, and minds. It discusses how deculturalization and mis-education have affected African Americans and aims to brainwash them. The document concludes by discussing the need to decolonize the African mind through reversing these processes and embracing African concepts and orientations.
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The document discusses an African People's Socialist Party plenary meeting to assess progress on implementing the goals established at the party's sixth congress five years prior. It describes the imperialist crisis exacerbating political instability in the US and challenges facing the African liberation movement. The party sees itself as providing revolutionary leadership for the African working class to achieve socialist liberation and unification against neocolonial forces promoting dependency.
This document summarizes the evolution of scholarship on the Black Power movement. It notes that early narratives portrayed Black Power negatively and dismissed its impact. However, over the past 15 years, new scholarship has provided nuanced analyses that demystify the movement and document its profound implications. The essay examines how the study of Black Power has grown from being part of civil rights historiography to becoming its own distinct field. It traces the roots of the Black Power movement in earlier 20th century radicalism and outlines some of the movement's key activities and impacts during the late 1960s and early 1970s.
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The document provides an overview of the 14-Point Platform of the African People's Socialist Party, which was adopted in 1981. It states that studying the 14 points equips members to understand the Party's theory of African Internationalism and take action to liberate Africa and African people everywhere. The 14 points are considered the basic political education course for understanding the Party's ideology and practice. The document urges members to memorize and internalize the 14 points and use them daily in organizing Africans to liberate Africa and their people.
This document contains Malcolm X's speech given at the London School of Economics in 1965. In it, he makes 3 key points:
1) American society is racist and uses the media to portray Black communities as criminal to justify police brutality and oppression.
2) Western powers manipulate the media to control the narrative around conflicts in Africa, portraying violence against Black communities as justified while ignoring mass murder.
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The Marcus Garvey and UNIA Papers Project-A UCLA African Studies Center Projects-Extracts
1. RBG Blakademics August, 2010
Document edited and designed by RBG Street Scholar for sharing, study and download.
The Marcus Garvey and
Universal Negro
Improvement Association
Papers Project
A Research Project of the James S.
Coleman African Studies Center
Introduction
American Series
Source page / portal of entry: African Series
http://www.international.ucla.edu/africa/mgpp/ Caribbean Series
Marcus Garvey: Life & Lessons
Photo Gallery
Sound Library
Project Information
Introduction Ordering Information
Introduction
Marcus Garvey: An Overview
Marcus Garvey and the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) form a critical link
in black America's centuries-long struggle for freedom, justice, and equality. As the leader of
the largest organized mass movement in black history and progenitor of the modern "black is
beautiful" ideal, Garvey is now best remembered as a champion of the back-to-Africa
movement. In his own time he was hailed as a redeemer, a "Black Moses." Though he failed to
realize all his objectives, his movement still represents a liberation from the psychological
bondage of racial inferiority.
Garvey was born on 17 August 1887 in St. Ann's Bay, Jamaica. He left school at 14, worked as
a printer, joined Jamaican nationalist organizations, toured Central America, and spent time in
London. Content at first with accommodation, on his return to Jamaica, he aspired to open a
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2. RBG Blakademics August, 2010
Tuskegee-type industrial training school. In 1916 he came to America at Booker T.
Washington's invitation, but arrived just after Washington died.
Garvey arrived in America at the dawn of the "New Negro" era. Black discontent, punctuated
by East St. Louis's bloody race riots in 1917 and intensified by postwar disillusionment, peaked
in 1919's Red Summer. Shortly after arriving, Garvey embarked upon a period of travel and
lecturing. When he settled in New York City, he organized a chapter of the UNIA, which he
had earlier founded in Jamaica as a fraternal organization. Drawing on a gift for oratory, he
melded Jamaican peasant aspirations for economic and cultural independence with the
American gospel of success to create a new gospel of racial pride. "Garveyism" eventually
evolved into a religion of success, inspiring millions of black people worldwide who sought
relief from racism and colonialism.
To enrich and strengthen his movement, Garvey envisioned a great shipping line to foster black
trade, to transport passengers between America, the Caribbean, and Africa, and to serve as a
symbol of black grandeur and enterprise. The UNIA incorporated the Black Star Line in 1919.
The line's flagship, the S.S. Yarmouth, made its maiden voyage in November and two other
ships joined the line in 1920. The Black Star Line became a powerful recruiting tool for the
UNIA, but it was ultimately sunk by expensive repairs, discontented crews, and top-level
mismanagement and corruption.
By 1920 the UNIA had hundreds of chapters worldwide; it hosted elaborate international
conventions and published the Negro World, a widely disseminated weekly that was soon
banned in many parts of Africa and the Caribbean. Over the next few years, however, the
movement began to unravel under the strains of internal dissension, opposition from black
critics, and government harassment. In 1922 the federal government indicted Garvey on mail
fraud charges stemming from Black Star Line promotional claims and he suspended all BSL
operations. (Two years later, the UNIA created another line, the Black Cross Navigation and
Trading Co., but it, too, failed.) Garvey was sentenced to prison. The government later
commuted his sentence, only to deport him back to Jamaica in November 1927. He never
returned to America.
In Jamaica Garvey reconstituted the UNIA and held conventions there and in Canada, but the
heart of his movement stumbled on in America without him. While he dabbled in local politics,
he remained a keen observer of world events, writing voluminously in his own papers. His final
move was to London, in 1935. He settled there shortly before Fascist Italy invaded Ethiopia
and his public criticisms of Haile Selassie's behavior after the invasion alienated many of his
own remaining followers. In his last years he slid into such obscurity that he suffered the final
indignity of reading his own obituaries a month before his 10 June 1940 death.
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3. RBG Blakademics August, 2010
Marcus Garvey and the UNIA
Marcus Garvey and the UNIA
Historians of Africa and the Caribbean are coming to regard Garvey as a pivotal figure in the
awakening of modern nationalist movements opposed to European colonial domination. At a
conference celebrating Garvey's centenary held in Jamaica in 1987, Horace Campbell
emphasized this very point:
The UNIA . . . was the most dynamic mass movement across territorial borders among the
African peoples [during] this century. Now, one hundred years after the birth of Garvey and
seven decades after the founding of the UNIA, it is still possible to say that Garveyism
occupies a central place in the struggle for democracy, dignity and social transformation.
(Rupert Lewis and Patrick Bryan, eds., Garvey: His Work and Impact [Mona, Jamaica:
Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1988], p. 171)
No single black movement has represented a greater enigma to scholars than Garvey's
irredentist "African Redemption." While many ideas that Garvey espoused---black pride,
economic development, African independence---were not original, the way in which he
expressed them, his incomparable ability to get people to listen, made him different. This talent
was recognized early by a West African newspaper:
There are many who have said these self same things, but none have said them with such vigor,
with such directness and with such persuasiveness as Marcus Garvey. (Gold Coast Leader, 29
May 1926)
Historians familiar with Garvey's career generally regard him as the preeminent symbol of the
insurgent wave of black nationalism that developed in the period following World War I.
Although born in Jamaica, Garvey achieved his greatest success in the United States. He did so
despite the criticism of many African-American leaders and the covert opposition of the United
States Department of Justice and its Bureau of Investigation (forerunner of the FBI). As a
young man, Garvey had preached accommodation and disavowed political protest, advocating
loyalty to the established colonial government. His views, however, underwent a radical
transformation shortly after he arrived in the United States in 1916. The emergence of the
radical New Negro movement, which supplied the cultural and political matrix of the
celebrated Harlem Renaissance, to a large extent paralleled Garvey and his post-World War I
"African Redemption" movement.
Garvey established the first American branch of the UNIA in 1917--1918 in the midst of the
mass migration of blacks from the Caribbean and the American South to cities of the North. It
was also a time of political awakening in Africa and the Caribbean, to which Garvey
vigorously encouraged the export of his movement. In the era of global black awakening
following World War I, Garvey emerged as the best known, the most controversial, and, for
many, the most attractive of a new generation of New Negro leaders. Representative Charles B.
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4. RBG Blakademics August, 2010
Rangel of New York has noted that "Garvey was one of the first to say that instead of blackness
being a stigma, it should be a source of pride" (New York Times, 5 April 1987).
Black expectations aroused by participation in World War I were dashed by the racial violence
of the wartime and postwar years, and the disappointment evident in many black communities
throughout the U.S., Africa, and the Caribbean allowed Garvey to draw dozens of local leaders
to his side. Their ideas were not always strictly compatible with Garvey's, but their sympathy
with his themes of "African redemption" and black self-support was instrumental in gathering
support for the movement from a vast cross-section of African-American society. Similarly,
Garvey's message was adopted by a broad cross-section of educated and semi-literate Africans
and West Indians hungry for alternatives to white rule and oppression.
The post--World War I years were thus a time when a growing number of Africans and West
Indians were ready for change. In most colonial territories, Africans, like African Americans,
were disappointed when expected postwar changes failed to materialize. The Garveyist
message was spread by sailors, migrant laborers, and travelling UNIA agents, as well as by
copies of its newspaper, the Negro World, passed from hand to hand.
In the Caribbean, what has been termed the "Garvey phenomenon" resulted from an encounter
between the highly developed tradition of racial consciousness in the African-American
community, and the West Indian aspiration toward independence. It was the Caribbean ideal of
self-government that provided Garvey with his vocabulary of racial independence. Moreover,
Garvey combined the social and political aspirations of the Caribbean people with the popular
American gospel of success, which he converted in turn into his gospel of racial pride.
Garveyism thus appeared in the Caribbean as a doctrine proposing solutions to the twin
problems of racial subordination and colonial domination.
By the early 1920s the UNIA could count branches in almost every Caribbean, circum-
Caribbean, and sub-Saharan African country. The Negro World was read by thousands of eager
followers across the African continent and throughout the Caribbean archipelago. Though
Caribbean and African Garveyism may not have coalesced into a single movement, its diverse
followers adapted the larger framework to fit their own local needs and cultures. It is precisely
this that makes Garvey and the UNIA so relevant in the study of the process of decolonization
in Africa and the Caribbean. As if in confirmation of the success with which Garveyism
implanted itself in various social settings, when Garvey himself proposed to visit Africa and the
Caribbean in 1923, nervous European colonial governors joined in recommending that his entry
into their territories be banned. Many modern Caribbean nationalist leaders have acknowledged
the importance of Garveyism in their own careers, including T. Albert Marryshow of Grenada;
Alexander Bustamante, St. William Grant, J. A. G. Smith, and Norman Washington Manley of
Jamaica; and Captain Arthur Cipriani, Uriah Butler, George Padmore, and C. L. R. James of
Trinidad.
Before the Garvey and UNIA Papers project was established, the only attempt to edit Garvey's
speeches and writings was the Philosophy & Opinions of Marcus Garvey, a propagandistic
apologia compiled in two successive volumes in the early 1920s by his second wife, Amy
Jacques Garvey. As Lawrence Levine notes, "It is always unwise to rely too exclusively upon a
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5. RBG Blakademics August, 2010
collection edited by the subject, especially in the light of recent indications that the Garveys
altered a number of speeches and articles to conform with his later views" (Levine, op. cit.).
While the Philosophy & Opinions volumes served to plead Garvey's legal case, they also
created a politically distorted picture of the UNIA, an image that for a long time severely
handicapped research.
In this context, the Marcus Garvey and UNIA Papers provides a full, objective account of the
movement and its leader, as it chronicles how the movement achieved a global dimension by
awakening the political consciousness of African and Caribbean peoples to the goals of racial
self-determination and national independence.
Fact Sheet on Marcus Garvey
Fact sheet on Marcus Garvey
Full Name:
Marcus Mosiah Garvey, Jr.
Parents:
Malcus ("Marcus") Mosiah Garvey, a mason
Sarah Jane Richards, a domestic servant and produce grower
Born:
17 August 1887, at St. Ann's Bay, north coast of Jamaica
Died:
10 June 1940, London, England
Buried:
Marcus Garvey Memorial, National Heroes' Park, Kingston, Jamaica
Citizenship:
British colonial subject
applied for American citizenship in 1921
Education:
Standard 6, Church of England school, Jamaica
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6. RBG Blakademics August, 2010
audited courses, Birkbeck College, London, 1914
Employment:
printer
journalist
publisher
Marriages:
Amy Ashwood (1897--1969), co-founder of the UNIA in Jamaica, journalist, feminist,
playwright, business manager of UNIA offices in Harlem, 1919 (married to Garvey 1919-
-1922)
Amy Jacques (1896--1973), legal assistant in Jamaica before migrating to U.S., where
she became business manager and personal secretary to Garvey in 1920, associate editor
of the Negro World 1924--1927, and Garvey's unofficial representative during his
incarceration in 1925--1927, becomes main propagandist of the Garvey movement with
Philosophy and Opinions, published in 2 volumes, 1923, 1925 (married to Garvey 1922--
1940)
Children:
Marcus Garvey Jr. (1931--)
Julius Winston Garvey (1933--)
both by Amy Jacques; both born in Jamaica, now U.S. residents
Countries of residence:
Jamaica, 1887--1910
Panama, 1910
Costa Rica, 1911
Jamaica, 1912
England, 1912--1914
Jamaica, 1914--1916
United States, 1916--1927
Jamaica, 1927--1935
United Kingdom, 1935--1940
Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) Career:
founds UNIA in Jamaica, July 1914
forms branch in New York City, May 1916 (January 1918?)
incorporates movement in New York state, June 1918
starts Negro World newspaper, August 1918
starts Black Star Line shipping company, 1919
starts Negro Factories Corp., 1920
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7. RBG Blakademics August, 2010
announces Liberian Colonization Plan, 1920
sends first delegation to Monrovia, Liberia, 1921
makes organizational tour of Caribbean and Central America, 1921
arrested and indicted on Mail Fraud Charges, 1922
meets with Acting Imperial Wizard of the Ku Klux Klan, causing backlash of opposition
from other black leaders, 1922
second UNIA delegation sent to Liberia, 1923
starts Black Cross Navigation and Trading Co. to replace defunct Black Star Line;
UNIA purchases Smallwood-Corey School ("Liberty University") in Claremont, Virginia
tours Europe, 1928
becomes proprietor of Edelweiss Park, a social center for blacks in Kingston
tries to establish political career in Jamaica
begins publishing the Blackman, 1929
begins publishing the New Jamaican
begins publishing the Black Man, 1933
bankrupt, announces move to London, 1934
teaches School of Arican Philosophy to UNIA leaders in Toronto, 1937
cerebral hemorrhage, January 1940
dies 10 June 1940
James Stewart elected UNIA president, August 1940
headquarters of UNIA moved to Cleveland, Ohio
Mail Fraud Trial:
Begins May 1923
convicted June 1923
appeal denied February 1925
Imprisonment:
February 1925--November 1927, federal penitentiary, Atlanta, Georgia
Deportation:
December 1927
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