The aim of this study was to examine whether variables known to impact communication outcomes for full-term children using CIs (who have sensorineural hearing loss as their single diagnosis), would have the same impact on preterm children using CIs. Specifically, it was hypothesized that preterm children with longer gestational age, greater birth weight, lesser cognitive delay, more residual hearing, shorter duration of profound loss, communication mode with an aural/oral emphasis, larger electrical dynamic range, less difficulty with mapping and programming, higher socioeconomic status (SES), and younger age of implantation would demonstrate better speech perception and language outcomes.
Otitis media with effusion: an illustration of ascertainment biasDorothy Bishop
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Otitis media with effusion (OME) provides an example of how ascertainment bias can induce spurious correlations. Early work suggested it impacted children's language, but when unbiased samples are studied, the effect is absent or very small
NB. THIS FILE TOO BIG TO VIEW ONLINE. You need to save it in order to read it! Chapter on Speech and language difficulties, from 4th edition of Rutter and Taylor: Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2002.
Otitis media with effusion: an illustration of ascertainment biasDorothy Bishop
Â
Otitis media with effusion (OME) provides an example of how ascertainment bias can induce spurious correlations. Early work suggested it impacted children's language, but when unbiased samples are studied, the effect is absent or very small
NB. THIS FILE TOO BIG TO VIEW ONLINE. You need to save it in order to read it! Chapter on Speech and language difficulties, from 4th edition of Rutter and Taylor: Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2002.
Reading List 2016; "Why do some children find language so hard to learn?"Dorothy Bishop
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Reading list for talk "Why do some children find language so hard to learn?"
Dorothy V. M. Bishop
VIIIth International Conference of Language Acquisition
Palma de Mallorca, Spain
6-9th September
Preprint of:
Bishop, D. V. M. (2004). Specific language impairment: diagnostic dilemmas. In L. Verhoeven & H. Van Balkom (Eds.), Classification of Developmental Language Disorders (pp. 309-326). Mahwah, NJ.: Erlbaum.
Slides to accompany RALLIcampaign YouTube presentation by Professor Dorothy Bishop on Genetics and SLI
A full-length videoed lecture on this topic can be found here:
http://podcasts.ox.ac.uk/languages-disorders-children-what-can-they-tell-us-about-genes-and-brains-video
OR audio version here:
http://podcasts.ox.ac.uk/languages-disorders-children-what-can-they-tell-us-about-genes-and-brains-audio
Mapping, speech perception, and language outcomes for children using cochlear...HEARnet _
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The aim of this study was to examine whether variables known to impact communication outcomes for full-term children using CIs (who have sensorineural hearing loss as their single diagnosis), would have the same impact on preterm children using CIs. Specifically, it was hypothesized that preterm children with longer gestational age, greater birth weight, lesser cognitive delay, more residual hearing, shorter duration of profound loss, communication mode with an aural/oral emphasis, larger electrical dynamic range, less difficulty with mapping and programming, higher socioeconomic status (SES), and younger age of implantation would demonstrate better speech perception and language outcomes.
Early language outcomes for children receiving cochlear implants under three ...HEARnet _
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As more cochlear implants are fitted in pre-verbal children, early language checklists and scales have been used to determine whether language is developing normally. Although research tends to support the validity of checklists as screening tools in normal hearing populations, their sensitivity in detecting pre-verbal children with significant hearing loss who require specialist intensive language training remains to be demonstrated. So that language intervention can take place at the earliest possible time, it is important to determine whether scales and checklists used for infants are correlated with, or even predictive of later vocabulary and language development in toddlers and pre-schoolers
Cross Sectional Study on Language Assessment of Speech Delay in Children 0 to...iosrjce
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IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Reading List 2016; "Why do some children find language so hard to learn?"Dorothy Bishop
Â
Reading list for talk "Why do some children find language so hard to learn?"
Dorothy V. M. Bishop
VIIIth International Conference of Language Acquisition
Palma de Mallorca, Spain
6-9th September
Preprint of:
Bishop, D. V. M. (2004). Specific language impairment: diagnostic dilemmas. In L. Verhoeven & H. Van Balkom (Eds.), Classification of Developmental Language Disorders (pp. 309-326). Mahwah, NJ.: Erlbaum.
Slides to accompany RALLIcampaign YouTube presentation by Professor Dorothy Bishop on Genetics and SLI
A full-length videoed lecture on this topic can be found here:
http://podcasts.ox.ac.uk/languages-disorders-children-what-can-they-tell-us-about-genes-and-brains-video
OR audio version here:
http://podcasts.ox.ac.uk/languages-disorders-children-what-can-they-tell-us-about-genes-and-brains-audio
Mapping, speech perception, and language outcomes for children using cochlear...HEARnet _
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The aim of this study was to examine whether variables known to impact communication outcomes for full-term children using CIs (who have sensorineural hearing loss as their single diagnosis), would have the same impact on preterm children using CIs. Specifically, it was hypothesized that preterm children with longer gestational age, greater birth weight, lesser cognitive delay, more residual hearing, shorter duration of profound loss, communication mode with an aural/oral emphasis, larger electrical dynamic range, less difficulty with mapping and programming, higher socioeconomic status (SES), and younger age of implantation would demonstrate better speech perception and language outcomes.
Early language outcomes for children receiving cochlear implants under three ...HEARnet _
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As more cochlear implants are fitted in pre-verbal children, early language checklists and scales have been used to determine whether language is developing normally. Although research tends to support the validity of checklists as screening tools in normal hearing populations, their sensitivity in detecting pre-verbal children with significant hearing loss who require specialist intensive language training remains to be demonstrated. So that language intervention can take place at the earliest possible time, it is important to determine whether scales and checklists used for infants are correlated with, or even predictive of later vocabulary and language development in toddlers and pre-schoolers
Cross Sectional Study on Language Assessment of Speech Delay in Children 0 to...iosrjce
Â
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Language-impaired preschoolers: A follow-up into adolescence.Dorothy Bishop
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Stothard, S. E., Snowling, M. J., Bishop, D. V., Chipchase, B. B., & Kaplan, C. A. (1998). Language-impaired preschoolers: A follow-up into adolescence. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research: JSLHR, 41(2), 407â418. https://doi.org/10.1044/jslhr.4102.407
ABSTRACT: This paper reports a longitudinal follow-up of 71 adolescents with a preschool history of speech-language impairment, originally studied by Bishop and Edmundson (1987). These children had been subdivided at 4 years into those with nonverbal IQ 2 SD below the mean (General Delay group), and those with normal nonverbal intelligence (SLI group). At age 5;6 the SLI group was subdivided into those whose language problems had resolved, and those with persistent SLI. The General Delay group was also followed up. At age 15-16 years, these children were compared with age-matched normal-language controls on a battery of tests of spoken language and literacy skills. Children whose language problems had resolved did not differ from controls on tests of vocabulary and language comprehension skills. However, they performed significantly less well on tests of phonological processing and literacy skill. Children who still had significant language difficulties at 5;6 had significant impairments in all aspects of spoken and written language functioning, as did children classified as having a general delay. These children fell further and further behind their peer group in vocabulary growth over time.
A 10-year-old nonverbal Greek boy, C.Z., who had beendiagnos.docxransayo
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A 10-year-old nonverbal Greek boy, C.Z., who had been
diagnosed with both bilateral sensorineural profound hear-
ing loss and autism, was taught to use the Picture Exchange
Communication System (PECS), with some modifications and
extensions, over a 4-month intensive intervention period. C.Z.âs
original communication and behavioral status as well as the
PECS application process are presented, along with the
communicative, language, and psychosocial outcomes follow-
ing the intervention program. Follow-up data were collected
6 months post.
Little research has focused on the coexistence of hearingloss and autism in children (Gillberg & Steffenburg,1993; Gordon, 1991; Jure, Rapin, & Tuchman, 1991).
Epidemiological studies reveal higher comorbidity rates than
would be expected in the general population (Gordon; Jure
et al.). As Konstantareas and Homatidis (1987) reported, au-
ditory peculiarities and abnormalities in children with autism
have often been noted, yet no systematic and reliable data have
been collected on the frequency of hearing loss or peripheral
ear problems in this population. Generally, hearing problems
are reported more frequently in people with neurological and
developmental disorders than in those without such diagnoses
(van Schrojenstein Lantman-de Valk, 1997). Autism has also
been reported to occur more often in children with viral-
related diseases known to affect hearing, such as congenital ru-
bella (Chess, 1971) and congenital cytomegalovirus infection
(Stubbs, Ash, & Williams,1984).
The prevalence of autism is 30â40 cases in 100,000 (i.e.,
0.3%â0.4%; Rutter, 2005) while the prevalence of hearing loss
in the general population under 45 years of age is 4% (Nadol,
1993) and 2% of newborn infants experience bilateral hearing
loss with 0.7% in the moderate to profound range (Conn-
Wesson et al., 2000). Based on these studies, it can be con-
cluded that the incidence of hearing loss in children with
autism, as well as the incidence of autism in children with hear-
ing loss, is greater than the one found in typically developing
populations. Jure et al. (1991) found that 61 out of 1,150 chil-
dren with hearing impairments met the criteria for a diagnosis
of autism, or 5.3% of the population of individuals with hear-
ing impairments. In another Swedish study, Rosenhall, Nor-
din, Sandstrom, Ahlsen, and Gillberg (1999) reported on au-
diological examinations of 199 children with autism; 7.9% of
them were found to exhibit mild to moderate hearing loss, and
3.5% had severe or profound hearing losses.
Despite the high comorbidity of autism and hearing loss,
few studies have used complete audiometrical battery tests
(i.e., combined measures of pure tone audiometry and tym-
panometry) to assess the hearing status of children with autism
(Smith, Miller, Stewart, Walter, & McConnell, 1988). The
small number of studies may be explained by the observation
that hearing assessment is very difficult in cases of combined
autism and hear.
Primary caregivers prosodic input to their children using cochlear implantsHEARnet _
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5-minute samples of 13 Primary Caregiver/child dyads were recorded pre-implant, 3, 6 and 12 months post-implant. PCs stress and pitch transitions used in speech to children were described. At 5 years post-implant the childâs speech perception and language were assessed. The relationship between PC input and communication outcomes was investigated.
Spa national conference 2015 poster use of a fam ed q to predict language...HEARnet _
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This study examined the delivery of services from three EI centres and communication mode choices which may have influenced language outcomes for young children using CI(s). Parent-reported communication mode preferences were grouped into either speech and sign (including sign alone or sign together with speech) or oral (auditory-oral or auditory-verbal) approaches.
Foreign-language experience in infancy Effects ofshort-termShainaBoling829
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Foreign-language experience in infancy: Effects of
short-term exposure and social interaction on
phonetic learning
Patricia K. Kuhl*, Feng-Ming Tsao, and Huei-Mei Liuâ
Center for Mind, Brain, and Learning, and Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of Washington, Mailstop 357920, Seattle, WA 98195
Communicated by Michael M. Merzenich, University of California, San Francisco, CA, May 13, 2003 (received for review March 19, 2003)
Infants acquire language with remarkable speed, although little is
known about the mechanisms that underlie the acquisition pro-
cess. Studies of the phonetic units of language have shown that
early in life, infants are capable of discerning differences among
the phonetic units of all languages, including native- and foreign-
language sounds. Between 6 and 12 mo of age, the ability to
discriminate foreign-language phonetic units sharply declines. In
two studies, we investigate the necessary and sufficient conditions
for reversing this decline in foreign-language phonetic perception.
In Experiment 1, 9-mo-old American infants were exposed to
native Mandarin Chinese speakers in 12 laboratory sessions. A
control group also participated in 12 language sessions but heard
only English. Subsequent tests of Mandarin speech perception
demonstrated that exposure to Mandarin reversed the decline
seen in the English control group. In Experiment 2, infants were
exposed to the same foreign-language speakers and materials via
audiovisual or audio-only recordings. The results demonstrated
that exposure to recorded Mandarin, without interpersonal inter-
action, had no effect. Between 9 and 10 mo of age, infants show
phonetic learning from live, but not prerecorded, exposure to a
foreign language, suggesting a learning process that does not
require long-term listening and is enhanced by social interaction.
Language acquisition poses profound questions about thehuman mind and brain that have prompted an ongoing
debate (1). Recently, experimental studies on young infants
suggest a new view of the language acquisition process that goes
beyond classic theories.
Studies show that, during the first year of life, infants acquire
detailed information about the regularities of their native lan-
guage (2â5). Moreover, there is increasing evidence that infant
learning relies on sensitivity to the statistical properties con-
tained in language input. By 6 mo, infants recognize native-
language phonetic categories based on the distributional char-
acteristics of the speech they hear (6, 7). Between 6 and 8 mo,
infants segment words from ongoing speech by detecting tran-
sitional probabilities between syllables (8, 9) and extract the
arithmetic regularity of syllable combinations from sentences
(10). At 9 mo of age, infants are sensitive to the phonotactic rules
governing words, responding to the probability of occurrence of
phonetic sequences (11, 12). By the end of the first year of life,
infantsâ perception of speech has been d ...
Video analysis of mother-child interactions: The role of experienced clinicia...HEARnet _
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Poster presented at the 201 4 Speech Pathology National Conference at the Crown Conference Centre Melbourne (18-21 May 2014).
Poster title: Video analysis of mother-child interactions: The role of experienced clinicians in post cochlear implantation habilitation.
Language acquisition entails the acquisition of several crucial linguistic components like phonology, morphology, syntax
and semantics. Individual elements merge seamlessly with each other giving birth to insightful communication whenever
needed. Among these varied but fundamental aspects necessary for any competent communicator, is adding on the vital aspect of tense marking
appropriately into conversations or text rendering accurately when an event occurred or will occur. We must appreciate this pivotal role played by
acquiring ïuency in using verb tenses by young children seeking effective communication alongside understanding its importance a bit more in
the language development process. The study attempts to investigate the acquisition of tense markers in typical children speaking Hindi with the
goal of assessing data from children in the age range of 6-8 years. Results suggested that tense markers increased with age. Almost half of the tense
markers were not fully acquired by the age of 8 years. The research also analysed various studies that uphold the ïndings.
Discussion Provide at least two references for your initial poLyndonPelletier761
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Discussion
Provide at least two references for your initial post.
Recent developments within cognitive psychology have contributed to the development of the interdisciplinary field of cognitive science. Describe how the contributions of both neurophysiology and computer science have helped us to understand more about how people think.
You will create a PowerPoint presentation with a realistic case study and include appropriate and pertinent clinical information that will be covering the following:
1. Subjective data: Chief Complaint; History of the Present Illness (HPI)/ Demographics; History of the Present Illness (HPI) that includes the presenting problem and the 8 dimensions of the problem; Review of Systems (ROS)
2. Objective data: Medications; Allergies; Past medical history; Family history; Past surgical history; Social history; Labs; Vital signs; Physical exam.
3. Assessment: Primary Diagnosis; Differential diagnosis
4. Plan: Diagnostic testing; Pharmacologic treatment plan; Non-pharmacologic treatment plan; Anticipatory guidance (primary prevention strategies); Follow up plan.
5. Other: Incorporation of current clinical guidelines; Integration of research articles; Role of the Nurse practitioner
· Cited in the current APA style, including citation of references.
· The presentation should consist of 10-15 slides and less than 5 minutes in length.Â
· Incorporate a minimum of 4 current (published within the last five years) scholarly journal articles or primary legal sources (statutes, court opinions).
Language experienced in utero affects vowel perception after
birth: a two-country study
Christine Moon1, Hugo Lagercrantz2, and Patricia K Kuhl3
1Pacific Lutheran University, Tacoma, Washington, USA
2Neonatology Unit, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
3Institute for Learning & Brain Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington USA
Abstract
AimsâTo test the hypothesis that exposure to ambient language in the womb alters phonetic
perception shortly after birth. This two-country study aimed to see if neonates demonstrated
prenatal learning by how they responded to vowels in a category from their native language and
another nonnative language, regardless of how much postnatal experience the infants had.
MethodâA counterbalanced experiment was conducted in Sweden (n=40) and the USA (n=40)
using Swedish and English vowel sounds. The neonates (mean postnatal age = 33 hrs) controlled
audio presentation of either native or nonnative vowels by sucking on a pacifier, with the number
of times they sucked their pacifier being used to demonstrate what vowel sounds attracted their
attention. The vowels were either the English /i/ or Swedish /y/ in the form of a prototype plus 16
variants of the prototype.
ResultsâThe infants in the native and nonnative groups responded differently. As predicted, the
infants responded to the unfamiliar nonnative language with higher mean sucks. They also sucked
more to the nonnative prot ...
Use of ConeBeam Computed Tomography to determine cochlear length and implant ...HEARnet _
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The aim of this study was to develop a technique to calculate the length of the cochlea within individuals and, from this, to determine whether the distribution of the length was normal.
How far down does the top down control of speech processing go? - HEARing CRC...HEARnet _
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There is evidence that this efferent control may play a role in extracting signals from noise and the detection of target sounds. Here we evaluated the role of attention on the auditory efferent control of the brainstem (using auditory brainstem responses; ABRs) and the cochlear gain (using otoacoustic emissions; OAEs) during passive listening and a task of variable difficulty. We hypothesized that both the ABRs and OAEs would be modulated by attention and that the degree of suppression of OAEs (relative to the passive condition) would increase with task difficulty.
Organisational outcomes of person centred hearing care - HEARing CRC PhD pres...HEARnet _
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Research Aims:
1.According to senior management, how is âsuccessâ defined and evaluated in hearing care organisations in Australia?
a)What are the organisational values used to drive clinical practice and clinical change?
b)What are the measures used to drive clinical practice and clinical change?
c)To what extent it PCC reflected in these values and measures?
2.What short and long term effects does a PCC approach have on the measures?
MEG system for cochlear implants ecipients and auditory entrainment - HEARing...HEARnet _
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The use of a custom-engineered MEG system, in combination with noise reduction techniques to measure speech processing in the brains of cochlear implant recipients.
Longterm effects of conductive hearing loss -HEARing CRC PhD presentationHEARnet _
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To establish the impact of persistent conductive hearing
loss in early childhood on longer term listening ability,
speech perception in spatially separated background
noise was measured in school-age children with
documented histories of otitis media with conductive
hearing loss. Children with conductive hearing loss
history showed significantly poorer binaural hearing than
age-matched controls despite having normal hearing at
the time of assessment.
Hearing loss and the acquistion of english plural morphology - HEARing CRC Ph...HEARnet _
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Research to gain insight into grammatical knowledge of children
with HL
âą Identify effects of language background and HL on
acquisition of English grammar
âą Establish norms for iPad paradigm to be used for
assessment or therapy
Hearing, listening and reading: A complex interplay of factors that contribut...HEARnet _
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Research Aims:
1.Systematically map the auditory, cognitive, and linguistic abilities of children with listening concerns (as reported by parent/teacher).
2.Investigate how the ability to attend to and process incoming auditory information affects word reading and reading comprehension in school-aged children.
Hearing health of live music sound engineers - HEARing CRC PhD presentationHEARnet _
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When listened to for too loud, for too long, music can incur the same hearing damage as experienced by those exposed to occupational noise.1 Rock/pop musicians have been well documented as being âat riskâ of such damage,3 yet little has been done to investigate if Live Music Sound Engineers, at the core of the live-music experience, are also at risk.
Evaluating audiological intervention options for people with dementia living ...HEARnet _
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This research project aims to explore the communication needs of people with dementia and their family and professional caregivers; and how these needs are currently being addressed in their audiological management.
Development of an on-line assessment of speech perception - HEARing CRC PhD p...HEARnet _
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Telepractice is routinely used for provision of diagnostic and rehabilitative hearing services. Validation of procedures including audiometry, video-otoscopy, cochlear implant and hearing aid programming and rehabilitation is reported in the literature. Speech perception testing using telepractice is an audiological procedure that is yet to be validated. The current study has developed an APP that can be used to provide on line assessment of speech perception to evaluate device suitability (hearing aids or cochlear implants) and to monitor progress with devices over time.
Benefits of music training for children with hearing loss - HEARing CRC PhD p...HEARnet _
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The purpose of the study is to evaluate if music perception and appreciation, speech perception, and social wellbeing are improved after receiving music training.
If there are benefits, we would recommend music training as a complementary means of (re)habilitation.
Efficacy of auditory training in adults with hearing loss and auditory proces...HEARnet _
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The biggest challenge for people with hearing loss is to communicate in noise. Even some normal Even some normal hearing older adults have issues understanding speech in noise.
Audiology Students and Patient-Centred Communication - HEARing CRC PhD presen...HEARnet _
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1.
Explore key academicsâ perceptions of PCC and how clinical communication is taught in Australian graduate audiology programs.
2.
Explore the nature of PCC between patient and student during clinical encounters within a teaching clinic.
3.
Explore studentsâ perspectives of their PCC skills and how clinical communication is taught.
Artificially enhancing better-ear glimpsing cues to improve understanding of ...HEARnet _
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Artificially enhancing better-ear glimpsing cues to improve understanding of speech in noise for listeners with hearing loss cues to improve understanding of speech in noise for listeners with hearing loss
An infographic to help individuals or parents with children with hearing loss better understand the journey they will undertake to manage their or their child's hearing loss.
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowmanâs Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
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New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
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i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2â3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4â5 criteria; severe AUD: 6â11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actorâs Wellness Journeygreendigital
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Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
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TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
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Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? â The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
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This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
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Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
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Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
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1. Mapping, speech perception, and language outcomes for children using
cochlear implants who have a preterm and/or low birth weight history.
Shani
1,2,
Dettman
Shiow Yuan
1,
Oh
Richard
1,2,3
Dowell
The University of Melbourne, Department of Audiology & Speech Pathology, 2 The HEARing Cooperative Research Centre,
3 Royal Victorian Eye & Ear Hospital
1
Background to this study.
A âprematureâ or âpretermâ infant is defined as a live-born infant with a birth weight of 2500g
or less and/or a period of gestation less than 37 completed weeks (American Academy of Pediatrics, 2004; Engle, 2006; Harding, 2007;
World Health Organisation). As a consequence of advancements in prenatal, obstetric and neonatal care, the survival rates for children
born preterm (<37 weeks' gestational age), with a low birth weight (<2500 grams), or both, have improved substantially over the last two
decades. Children born very preterm (<33 weeks' gestational age) with very low birth weight (<1500 grams) are estimated to comprise
0.7% to 2% of all live births (Draper, Zeitlin, Field, Manktelow, & Truffert, 2007; Roberts & Lancaster, 1999). Despite improved survival
rates, these children often have co-morbid cognitive, physical and neurological disabilities further complicated by permanent sensorineural hearing loss (Picard,
2004; Streppel, et al., 1998). The extent to which the sensorineural hearing loss has an âin-uteroâ or neonatal onset remains unclear, as the hearing loss may be
due neonatal hypoxia and/or hyperbilirubinaemia or the provision of treatments (eg. ototoxic drugs) designed to aid survival.
The aim of this study was to examine whether variables known to impact communication outcomes for full-term children using CIs (who
have sensorineural hearing loss as their single diagnosis), would have the same impact on preterm children using CIs. Specifically, it was hypothesized that
preterm children with longer gestational age, greater birth weight, lesser cognitive delay, more residual hearing, shorter duration of profound loss, communication
mode with an aural/oral emphasis, larger electrical dynamic range, less difficulty with mapping and programming, higher socioeconomic status (SES), and younger
age of implantation would demonstrate better speech perception and language outcomes.
Total number of children
who received CI at
Melbourne CIC
1987 â 2011
N = 700
n= 30 children with
gestational age
<37 weeks, and/or
birthweight < 2500
grams
n=25 subjects
Methods & Materials. A retrospective analysis of over 700 audiological and medical records from the Melbourne paediatric
n=19 subjects able
to complete
either/both
language and
speech perception
testing
database identified 25 children (10 females and 15 males) who met the following inclusion criteria; congenital hearing loss, born < 37
weeks gestational age and/or < 2500 grams in birth weight, and implanted for at least one year. Average gestational age was 28.20
weeks (range 23.60 to 35 weeks, SD 3.76), with n=4 preterm (> 33 and <37 weeks), n=13 very preterm (> 26 and <33 weeks) and n=8
extremely preterm (<26 weeks). Average birth weight was 1040 grams (range 524 to 2430 grams, SD 525.92). Two were preterm
with low birth weights (<2500 grams), n=9 were very preterm with very low birth weights (<1500 grams), and n=7 were extremely
preterm with extremely low birth weights (<1000 grams). Birth weights for the remaining 7 children were unknown. The mean unaided 3-frequency pure tone
average (PTA) for the best ear was 108.11 dB HL (range 85 to 123 dB HL, SD 10.16), mean duration of profound deafness was 2.93 years (range 0.76 to 7.21
years, SD 1.38), and mean age at implantation was 3.80 years (range 1.55 to 15.47 years, SD 2.83). Children completed the open-set CNC monosyllabic
word test (Peterson & Lehiste, 1962), the Bench-Kowal-Bamford (BKB) open-set sentence test (Bench & Bamford, 1979), and language tests where suitable
(either Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test [PPVT-III, Dunn & Dunn, 1997], Rossetti Infant-Toddler Language Scale [RI-TLS, Rossetti, 1990], Preschool Language
Scales [PLS-4, Zimmerman, Steiner, & Pond, 2002], and/or Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals [CELF-4 & CELF Preschool, Semel, Wiig, & Secord,
1992, 1996]). The nature of the childâs response to the âmapâ programming stimuli was analyzed during the switch on period (weeks 2 to 6 post surgery) and at one
mapping review appointment at 12 months post implant. An educational psychologist also completed testing of cognitive abilities for all children.
n=19 subjects able
to complete
language testing
n=13 subjects able
to complete
speech perception
testing
Excluded n=670
excluded n=1 did not
proceed with CI due
to significant aided
residual hearing &
N=4 with < 6 mo
device experience
n= 6 subjects
unable to complete
language or
speech perception
testing
n=3 able to
provide only MRL
response to
auditory stimuli in
mapping
Results. The speech processor was able to be programmed accurately for 22 out of 25 cases. For Case 2 and 14 with severe
15
Mean Growth Rate = 0.84
Range 0.01 to 3.12
SD
10
0.74
5
0
10
5
0
0
5
10
15
20
dettmans@unimelb.edu.au
www.hearingcrc.org
creating sound value
Figure 2. Open-set word scores, scored for words correct, for
n=13 preterm children using CIs compared with published data.
10
Figure 3. Open-set sentence scores for n=13 preterm children
using CIs compared with published data.
5
0
0
Chronological Age (years)
Figure 4. Individual receptive language trajectories for
n=15 preterm children using CI.
Figure 1. Open-set word scores, scored for phonemes correct,
n=13 preterm children using CIs compared with published data.
15
Equivalent Language Age (yrs)
15
Equivalent Language Age (yrs)
Equivalent Language Age (years)
cognitive delay and Case 21 with a moderate cognitive disability and cerebral palsy, only a maximum response level (MRL) (eg blink
signifying loudness discomfort level) could be obtained at switch-on and at 12-months post implant. The mean open-set word (OSW)
scores for n=13 children who completed testing were 76.8% phonemes (range 48 to 91%; SD 12.7) and 51.8% words (range 12 to
84%; SD 21.0). The mean open-set sentence score was 70.5% (range 18 to 98%; SD 25.7). Figures 1, 2 and 3 (see right) compare
individual pre-term childrensâ scores with mean scores from children with typical gestational age and birth weight (Dowell, et al., 2002a;
Dowell, et al., 2002b; Eisenberg, Kirk, Martinez, Ying, & Miyamoto, 2004; Geers, et al., 2003).
Educational psychologistâs testing indicated the cognitive status for the pre-term children was within the normal range (n=10),
borderline average (n=1), mild delay (n=6), moderate delay (n=3) and severe global delay (n=5). Stepwise linear regression analysis indicated a relationship
between degree of cognitive delay/impairment and all speech perception outcomes. Neither gestational age, birth weight, gender, PTA, communication mode,
SES, nor age at CI were predictive of speech perception outcomes for this small group.
For n=19 children who completed language testing, the mean language delay was 50.19 months (range 6.64 to 125.87 months; SD
30.38). For the n=15 children who completed 2 or more tests over time, the average receptive language slope was 0.84 (range 0.01 to 3.12; SD 0.74, Figure 4
below), where a value of 1.0 indicates the normal vocabulary acquisition rate for hearing peers. Younger age at implant was associated woth better receptive
vocabulary for this group.
Figure 5 (below) illustrates the receptive language outcomes for n=19 preterm children using CIs (filled black circles) compared to
n=163 children (clear diamonds) with typical birth history using CIs (Dettman, Hoenig, Dowell, & Leigh, 2008). The solid grey line represents language growth for a
child with normal hearing. In Figure 6 (below) the normal growth line was adjusted (dashed blue line) for the group average age at implant, so that the progress of
these pre-term children is compared to their hearing age. On this âhearing ageâ basis, all pre-term children, except Case 3 and 4, performed within one standard
deviation of their hearing peers.
5
10
Chronological Age (yrs)
Figure 5. Individual receptive language results (filled black
circles) for n=19 preterm children using CI compared with
results for full-term children using CI (clear diamonds).
15
0
5
10
Chronological Age (yrs)
15
Figure 6. Individual receptive language results (filled black
circles) for n=19 preterm children using CI compared with
results for full-term children using CI (clear diamonds). Dashed
blue line indicates expected language growth for âhearing ageâ,
ie adjusted for mean 3.8 years age at implant.
Case Study; Subject 6, an extremely preterm
child (24 weeks gestational age with
undocumented birth weight), had auditory
neuropathy and normal cognitive skills, used an
Aural/Oral communication mode and received
bilateral implants sequentially at the age of 1.55
and 4.03 years respectively. This child achieved
language scores within 7 months of
chronological age, had a standard score
between 85 and 100 on both PPVT-III and PLS-4,
and demonstrated a receptive language growth
rate of 1.32 over a period of 3.61 years. Subject 6
obtained
83%
(OSWphonemes),
60%
(OSWwords) and 98% (BKB sentences).
Conclusions.
Variables known to influence speech perception and language outcomes in full-term children with CIs also affect children with a pre-term/low birth weight
neonatal history. There were 3 children for whom the degree of cognitive delay was associated with no measurable implant benefit on formal speech perception and language
tests (but quality of life benefits were not measured in this study). These 3 children were able to give only a maximum (blink) response during mapping. In contrast, there were 13
children for whom substantial speech perception and language benefits were demonstrated. There were exceptional cases such as Case 6 with normal language growth. A
complex range of factors must be considered when discussing outcomes for this population.
Acknowledgements to the children, parents, speech pathologists, audiologists, surgeons & administrative staff at the Cochlear Implant Clinic, RVEEH, Melbourne, Australia.