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Manstrual cycle
The document discusses the normal menstrual cycle and abnormalities in uterine bleeding. It notes that the average duration of a normal menstrual cycle is 28 days, with menses typically lasting 3-8 days and average blood loss of around 80 ml. Ovulation usually occurs around day 14. Dysmenorrhea and premenstrual syndrome are also summarized, including causes and treatment approaches. Two research studies are mentioned, one finding exercise may improve symptoms of primary dysmenorrhea, and another suggesting vitamin B6 doses up to 100 mg per day may benefit premenstrual syndrome.
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Manstrual cycle
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- 2. Periodic desquamationof the endometrium The external hallmark of the menstrual cycle Just before menses the endometrium is infiltrated with leucocytes Prostaglandins are maximal in the endometrium just before menses Prostaglandins constriction of the spiral arterioles ischemia & desquamation Followed by arteriolar relaxation, bleeding & tissue breakdown MENSTRUATION
- 3. What isthe mean duration of the MC? Mean 28 days (only 15% of ♀) Range 21-35 What is the average duration of menses? 3-8 days What is the normal estimated blood loss? Approximately 80 ml When does ovulation occur? Usually day 14 NORMAL MENSTRUAL CYCLE
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- 5. Painful menstruation ofsufficient magnitude so as to incapacitate day to day activities Types: Primary Secondary DYSMENORRHOEA
- 6. CAUSES 1. Psychosomatic factor 2.Abnormal anatomical and functional aspect of uterus 3. Role of vasopressin 4. Role of prostaglandins 5. Others PRIMARY DYSMENORRHOEA
- 7. General measures Drugs Prostaglandin Synthetase inhibitor Oral Contraceptive pills Surgery Cervical dilatation Bilateral block of pelvic plexus Pre sacral neurectomy TREATMENT
- 8. Pain occurringin the presence of pelvic pathology Treatment aims at the cause rather than the symptom SECONDARY DYSMENORRHOEA
- 9. PMS isa psychoneuro endocrine disorder of unknown etiology, often noticed just prior to menstruation PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME
- 10. Alteration inthe level of estrogen and progesterone Neuro endocrine factors Psychological and psychosocial factors others PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
- 11. Non pharmacological Life style modification Non Hormonal Hormonal TREATMENT
- 12. Antidepressants orTranquillizers Pyridoxine 100 mg BD Diuretics Frusemide 20 mg OD *5 days Alprazolam 0.25 mg BD SSRI Fluoxetine 20 mg NON HORMONAL
- 13. OCP continued for 3 – 6 cycles Progesteron Dydrogesterone 10 mg OD/BD from fifth day of cycle *20 days Levonorgestrel IUS Bromocriptine 2.5 mg OD Suppression of ovarian cycle Danazol 200 mg OD GnRH analogues - Goserelin HORMONAL
- 15. Research studies 1. Primarydysmenorrhea and physical activity. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center, New York, NY, USA.(2012) Abstract It has been widely claimed that exercise is beneficial to dysmenorrhea, yet solid evidence is lacking. Studies investigating this relationship have been reviewed for this paper. Most showed improved symptomatology with exercise.
- 16. 2. Efficacy ofvitamin B-6 in the treatment of premenstrual syndrome American college of Obstetrics and gynaecology,USA,2012 Result Suggest that doses of vitamin B-6 up to 100 mg/day are likely to be of benefit in treating premenstrual symptoms and premenstrual depression.
- 17. Write aboutPost menopausal symptoms and submit on or before 9th of April. Assignment
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