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1. “IN THE NAME OF ALLAH, THE MOST
GRACIOUS, THE MOST MERCIFUL”.

3. TOPIC
⭐GROUP MANNER OF
ARTICULATION CONSONANAT
SOUNDS

4. SUB-TOPICS
• MANNER OF ARTICULATION
1.ORAL AND NASAL SOUNDS
2.PLOSIVE (STOPS)
3.BILABIAL PLOSIVES
4.ALVEOLAR PLOSIVES
5.VELAR PLOSIVES
6.FORTIS AND LENIS

5. MANNERS OF ARTICULATION
• At most places of articulation there are several
basic ways in which articulation can
• Be accomplished.
• Under this topic, we are discussing how does the sound
produce?
• And in what way/ What the effect takes place in the
mouth and
• how do two sounds have the same articulation but
differ in the manner of production?

6. • The articulators may completely close off the oral tract for
an instant or a relatively long period,
• they may narrow the space considerably,
• or they may simply modify the shape of the tract by
approaching each other.
• On the basis of these activities, the lips, tongue, velum and
glottis can be positioned in different ways to produce
different sound types.
This is known as manner of articulation.

7. ORAL AND NASAL
SOUNDS
• The sounds mostly we produce while the velum raised
preventing the air flow passes through nose.
• In production of nasals velum is lowered and the air
is allowed to pass through nasal cavity.
• Both Vowels and Consonants are nasal voiced.
• A basic distinction in the manner of articulation is
between oral and nasal sounds.

8. • However, the vowels in English are oral though
there are nasal vowels in other languages such as
French.
• For many speakers of English, the vowels of
words such as bank and wink are also slightly
nasal due to their proximity to nasal consonants
• The consonants at the end of the English words sun,
sum and sung are nasal.

9. PLOSIVE (STOPS)
Plosives also called stop sounds
are made by complete closure of
the articulators involved so that
the air stream cannot escape
through the mouth.

10. While pronouncing such sounds, air stream
stops in the mouth for a short time and
then is released like an explosion 💥
The set [p] [b] , [t] [d] & [k] [g]
These all are stops or plosives.

11. To give a complete description of
the plosive consonant, we must
describe the following four phases
which take place in its production:
1. Closing phase, 2. Compression
phase, 3. Release phase, 4. Post-
release phase.

12. Closing phase
It the phase when articulator or
articulators move to form
the stricture for the plosive.
In this phase we close the two
articulators firmly.

13. Compression phase
In this phase the compressed air is
stopped from escaping while
continuing to allow air to come up
from the lungs: air pressure builds
up behind the closed articulators.

14. Release phase
In this phase the articulators
which made the stricture are
moved so as to allow air to
escape.

15. Post-release phase
The air under pressure
will suddenly release,
generating a disturbance
(a sound-wave) in the
surrounding air.

16. These four phases are known
respectively as (1) closure, (2)
hold, (3) release (4) post-
release.

17. The sounds which completely block off the air
through the mouth in
English are: /p/, /b/, /t/,/d/, /k/,/g/, /m/,
/n/, /ŋ/. The first three pairs are called oral
plosives or stops (or obstruent), the latter
three sounds are nasal stops.

18. Generally,
plosives or oral stops will be labeled
simply as “Stops”, whereas nasal
stops will be
called “Nasals”.

19. In oral stop in addition to the
articulatory closure in the mouth, the
soft palate is raised so that the nasal
tract is blocked off, then the air
stream will be
completely obstructed.

20. Pressure in the mouth will build up and an
oral stop will be
formed. When the articulators come apart
the air stream will be released in a small
burst of sound.

21. Because the air is stopped at different places in the
oral cavity, there
are three sets of plosive sounds. The glottal plosive
occurs frequently but it is of
less impotence in English. We use this symbol /
for the glottal stop sometimes as an alternative
pronunciation for / p, t, k / in specific situations.

22. BILABIAL PLOSIVES
In phonetics and phonology, a
bilabial stop is a type of
consonantal sound, made with
both lips, held tightly enough to
block the passage of air. The
most common sounds are the
stops and, as in English pit and
bit, and the voiced nasal.

23. ALVEOLAR PLOSIVES
The voiceless alveolar, dental and
postalveolar plosives are types of
consonantal sounds used in almost
all spoken languages. The symbol
in the International Phonetic
Alphabet that represents voiceless
dental, alveolar, and postalveolar
plosives is ⟨t⟩, and the equivalent
symbol t.

24. VELAR PLOSIVES
The voiceless velar plosive or stop is
a type of consonantal sound used in
almost all spoken languages. The
symbol in the International
Phonetic Alphabet that represents
this sound is ⟨k⟩, and the equivalent
symbol is k. The sound is a very
common sound cross-linguistically.

25. THANK YOU
ITRATRASOOL
REGARDS