The document discusses cross-cultural communication and differences in communication styles across cultures. It provides examples of how communication may differ in Japanese and American cultures. Specifically, it notes that Japanese communication tends to be more indirect, focus on relationships, and avoid confrontation, while American communication is more direct, task-focused, and accepts confrontation. It also discusses high context vs low context cultures, and how cultures like Japan and China are more high context and rely heavier on context and nonverbal cues, while cultures like the US are more low context and explicit. Finally, it provides tips for effective intercultural communication, noting the importance of cultural awareness, flexibility, and sensitivity.
Khóa luận tốt nghiệp Quản trị kinh doanh: Nghiên cứu hành vi mua sắm trực tuyến của người tiêu dùng đối với sản phẩm quà tặng cho các bạn làm luận văn tham khảo
Tổng quan thương mại điện tử, thương mại điện tử là gì, các mô hình thương mại điện tử nổi tiếng trên thế giới, làm thế nào để áp dụng thương mại điện tử
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Khóa luận tốt nghiệp Quản trị kinh doanh: Nghiên cứu hành vi mua sắm trực tuyến của người tiêu dùng đối với sản phẩm quà tặng cho các bạn làm luận văn tham khảo
Tổng quan thương mại điện tử, thương mại điện tử là gì, các mô hình thương mại điện tử nổi tiếng trên thế giới, làm thế nào để áp dụng thương mại điện tử
Download luận văn thạc sĩ ngành quản trị kinh doanh với đề tài: Nghiên cứu hành vi mua hàng trực tuyến của sinh viên khu vực TP.HCM, cho các bạn có thể tham khảo
Nhận thức rủi ro tác động đến ý định mua sắm trực tuyến của khách hàng38 201...Giang Coffee
Nhận thức rủi ro tác động đến ý định
mua sắm trực tuyến của khách hàng
Bùi Thanh Tráng
Tạp chí phát triển kinh tế
Khi sử dùng tài liệu vui lòng trích dẫn đầy đủ về tác giả
Báo cáo Kinh tế Lượng - CÁC YẾU TỐ TÁC ĐỘNG ĐẾN HÀNH VI MUA SẮM ONLINE – KHẢO...Nguyen Vu Quang
Hiện nay, ngành công nghệ 4.0 phát triển cùng với sự ra đời của các thiết bị công nghệ, điện thoại thông minh, máy tính,… mang đến nhiều lợi ích, sự tiện lợi, ngành thương mại điện tử cũng ra đời từ đó. Hòa nhịp với xu thế phát triển, các nước trên thế giới nói chung và Việt Nam nói riêng, ngành thương mại điện tử hiện nay đang phát triển mạnh mẽ do nhu cầu mua sắm online của người dân không ngừng tăng lên, các sàn thương mại điện tử lớn không ngừng xuất hiện và lớn mạnh tại Việt Nam như Shopee, Lazada, Tiki, Sendo,… Theo báo cáo của Reputa từ các số liệu thu thập được, tại thời điểm tháng 12 năm 2020, Top 4 dẫn đầu thị phần sàn thương mại điện tử hiện nay (Shopee, Tiki, Lazada, Sendo) đều hoạt động sôi nổi nhất tại thành phố Hồ Chí Minh – xấp xỉ khoảng 50% hoạt động kinh doanh của doanh nghiệp (cụ thể: Shopee: 43,91%, Tiki: 53,82%, Lazada (53,82%, Sendo: 49,40%). Báo cáo này đã thực hiện nghiên cứu các yếu tố quyết định đến hành vi mua sắm của người tiêu dùng – cụ thể tại thành phố Hồ Chí Minh và có những thảo luận cũng như đề xuất đóng góp cho ngành thương mại điện tử tại thành phố Hồ Chí Minh.
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Đề tài quản trị mối quan hệ khách hàng, ĐIỂM CAO, HAY. Chia sẻ cho các bạn sinh viên tài liệu tốt nghiệp ngành quản trị kinh doanh các bạn làm chuyên đề tốt nghiệp quản trị kinh doanh vào tải nhé.
Báo Cáo Tốt Nghiệp Dự Án Kinh Doanh Shop Thời Trang Mẹ Và Bé đã chia sẻ đến cho các bạn nguồn tài liệu hoàn toàn hữu ích. Nếu bạn cần tải bài mẫu này vui lòng nhắn tin ngay qua zalo/telegram : 0934.536.149 để được hỗ trợ tải nhé.
Nhận thức rủi ro tác động đến ý định mua sắm trực tuyến của khách hàng38 201...Giang Coffee
Nhận thức rủi ro tác động đến ý định
mua sắm trực tuyến của khách hàng
Bùi Thanh Tráng
Tạp chí phát triển kinh tế
Khi sử dùng tài liệu vui lòng trích dẫn đầy đủ về tác giả
Báo cáo Kinh tế Lượng - CÁC YẾU TỐ TÁC ĐỘNG ĐẾN HÀNH VI MUA SẮM ONLINE – KHẢO...Nguyen Vu Quang
Hiện nay, ngành công nghệ 4.0 phát triển cùng với sự ra đời của các thiết bị công nghệ, điện thoại thông minh, máy tính,… mang đến nhiều lợi ích, sự tiện lợi, ngành thương mại điện tử cũng ra đời từ đó. Hòa nhịp với xu thế phát triển, các nước trên thế giới nói chung và Việt Nam nói riêng, ngành thương mại điện tử hiện nay đang phát triển mạnh mẽ do nhu cầu mua sắm online của người dân không ngừng tăng lên, các sàn thương mại điện tử lớn không ngừng xuất hiện và lớn mạnh tại Việt Nam như Shopee, Lazada, Tiki, Sendo,… Theo báo cáo của Reputa từ các số liệu thu thập được, tại thời điểm tháng 12 năm 2020, Top 4 dẫn đầu thị phần sàn thương mại điện tử hiện nay (Shopee, Tiki, Lazada, Sendo) đều hoạt động sôi nổi nhất tại thành phố Hồ Chí Minh – xấp xỉ khoảng 50% hoạt động kinh doanh của doanh nghiệp (cụ thể: Shopee: 43,91%, Tiki: 53,82%, Lazada (53,82%, Sendo: 49,40%). Báo cáo này đã thực hiện nghiên cứu các yếu tố quyết định đến hành vi mua sắm của người tiêu dùng – cụ thể tại thành phố Hồ Chí Minh và có những thảo luận cũng như đề xuất đóng góp cho ngành thương mại điện tử tại thành phố Hồ Chí Minh.
Nhận viết luận văn đại học, thạc sĩ trọn gói, chất lượng, LH ZALO=>0909232620
Tham khảo dịch vụ, bảng giá tại: https://vietbaitotnghiep.com/dich-vu-viet-thue-luan-van
Đề tài quản trị mối quan hệ khách hàng, ĐIỂM CAO, HAY. Chia sẻ cho các bạn sinh viên tài liệu tốt nghiệp ngành quản trị kinh doanh các bạn làm chuyên đề tốt nghiệp quản trị kinh doanh vào tải nhé.
Báo Cáo Tốt Nghiệp Dự Án Kinh Doanh Shop Thời Trang Mẹ Và Bé đã chia sẻ đến cho các bạn nguồn tài liệu hoàn toàn hữu ích. Nếu bạn cần tải bài mẫu này vui lòng nhắn tin ngay qua zalo/telegram : 0934.536.149 để được hỗ trợ tải nhé.
Social and cultural Environment - International Business - Manu Melwin Joymanumelwin
The socio-cultural fabric is an important environmental factor that should be analysed while formulating business strategies. The cost of ignoring the customs, traditions, taboos, tastes and preferences, etc., of people could be very high.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
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Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
2. What is Culture???
• Provides patterns of
acceptable behavior &
beliefs.
• May be based on….
–Nationality
–Race and Religion
–Historical Roots
–…All of the Above
3. Cross–Cultural Communication
• Skills needed to operationally carry out the attitudes and
knowledge conducive to culturally competent pharmacy
practice.
• It is of paramount importance that pharmacists
understand the role culture plays in communication and
are able to study and utilize appropriate forms of
communication in interacting with patients.
• “Health care professionals assume a special responsibility
in assuring that they understand their patients in order to
treat them effectively.”
4. Cross–Cultural Communication
• Possessing a positive attitude toward cultural competence
as well as a desire to be culturally competent is a
necessity. The practitioner must also have awareness of
their own culture, their own biases and their own
communication style.
• Second, knowledge is needed. To be culturally sensitive it
is important for the practitioner to understand what it
takes to be an effective member of specific cultures.
• Finally, assuring practitioners have the skills to behave
with patients in a way that promotes acceptance and
effective medical compliance is the next step. Awareness,
knowledge, emotional growth and skills are all needed to
develop effective cross-cultural interactions.
• Without any one of these components there is likely to be
failure.
9. 9
Cross-Cultural Behavior Model
• The key variable of the model is
propensity to change, which is a
function of three constructs:
– cultural lifestyle
– change agents
– communication about the innovation
10. 10
Cultural Dimension Scores for 12 countries
Uncertainty
Avoidance
Individualism
Power Distance Masculinity
1000 0
100 100
50 50
50 50
Japan
France
Mexico
Brazil
Germany
Netherlands
U.S.A
Great Britain
Arab Countries
West Africa
Indonesia
Hong Kong
Japan
Arab Countries
Mexico
Brazil
France
Germany
Great Britain
U.S.A
Netherlands
Hong Kong
West Africa
Indonesia
11. 11
Cross-Cultural Training
• Cultural training programs
should include:
– culture-specific information
– general cultural information on
values, practices, and assumptions
– self-specific information that
identifies one’s own cultural
paradigm
12. 12
Cross-Cultural Training (cont.)
• Additional forms of training
include:
– mentoring
– area studies programs
– cultural assimilator programs, in
which trainees must respond to
scenarios of specific situations in a
particular country
– sensitivity training
– field experience
13. 13
Tips for Making Culture Work for
Business Success
• Embrace local culture
• Build relationships
• Employ locals to gain cultural knowledge
• Help employees understand you
• Adapt products and practices to local markets
• Coordinate by region
14. Prentice Hall 2003 Chapter 4 14
Cultural Context and its Effects on Communication
(Exhibit 4-5)
High Japan
Middle East
Latin America
Africa
Mediterranean
England
France
North America
Scandinavia
Germany
Switzerland
high context/implicit
low context/explicit
Low
Low HighExplicitness of communication
Context
17. Prentice Hall 2003 Chapter 4 17
Differences between Japanese and American
Communication Styles
(Exhibit 4-8)
• Japanese Ningensei Style of
Communication
• Indirect verbal and nonverbal
communication
• Relationship communication
• Discourages confrontational
strategies
• Strategically ambiguous
communication
• Delayed feedback
• Patient, longer term negotiators
• Uses fewer words
• U.S. Adversarial Style of
Communication
• More direct verbal and nonverbal
communication
• More task communication
• Confrontational strategies more
acceptable
• Prefers more to-the-point
communication
• More immediate feedback
• Shorter term negotiators
• Favors verbosity
18. Prentice Hall 2003 Chapter 4 18
Differences Between Japanese and American
Communication Styles
(Contd.)
• Distrustful of skilful verbal
communicators
• Group orientation
• Cautious, tentative
• Complementary communicators
• Softer, heartlike logic
• Sympathetic, empathetic, comple
x use of pathos
• Expresses and decodes complex
relational strategies and nuances
• Exalts verbal eloquence
• More individualistic orientation
• More assertive, self-assured
• More publicly critical
communicators
• Harder, analytic logic preferred
• Favors logos, reason
• Expresses and decodes complex
logos, cognitive nuances
19. Prentice Hall 2003 Chapter 4 19
Differences Between Japanese and American
Communication Styles
(Contd.)
• Avoids decision making in public
• Makes decision in private venues,
away from public eye
• Decisions via ringi and
nemawashi (complete consensus
process)
• Uses go-betweens for decision
making
• Understatement and hesitation in
verbal and nonverbal
communication
• Frequent decision making in
public
• Frequent decisions in public at
negotiating tables
• Decisions by majority rule and
public compromise is more
commonplace
• More extensive use of direct
person-to-person, player-to-
player interaction for decisions
• May publicly speak in
superlatives, exaggerations,
nonverbal projection
20. Prentice Hall 2003 Chapter 4 20
Differences Between Japanese and American
Communication Styles
(Contd.)
• Uses
qualifiers, tentative, humility as
communicator
• Receiver/listening-centered
• Inferred meanings, looks beyond
words to nuances, nonverbal
communication
• Shy, reserved communicators
• Distaste for purely business
transactions
• Mixes social and business
communication
• Favors fewer qualifiers, more ego-
centered
• More speaker- and message-
centered
• More face-value meaning, more
denotative
• More publicly self-assertive
• Prefers to “get down to business”
or “nitty gritty”
• Tends to keep business
negotiating more separated from
social communication
21. Prentice Hall 2003 Chapter 4 21
Differences Between Japanese and American
Communication Styles
(Contd.)
• Utilizes matomari or “hints” for
achieving group adjustments and
saving face in negotiating
• Practices haragei or belly logic
and communication
• More directly verbalizes
management’s preference at
negotiating tables
• Practices more
linear, discursive, analytical logic;
greater reverence for cognitive
than for affective
22. JAPAN
To help her American Company establish a
presence in Japan, Mrs. Torres wants to hire a
local interpreter who can advise her on business
customs. Ms. Tomari has superb qualifications
on paper, but when Mrs. Torres tries to probe
about her experience, Ms. Tomari just says, “I
will do my best. I will try very hard.” She never
gives details about any of the previous positions
she has held. Mrs. Torres begins to wonder if
Ms. Tamari's résumé is inflated.
23. CHINA
Stan Williams wants to negotiate a joint venture
between his American firm and a Beijing-based
company. He asks Tung-Sen Lee if the Chinese
people have enough discretionary income to afford
his product. Mr. Lee is silent for a time, and then
says, “Your product is good. People in the West
must like it.” Stan smiles, pleased that Mr. Lee
recognizes the quality of his product, and he leaves
a contract for Mr. Lee to sign. Weeks later, Stan still
hasn’t heard anything. If China is going to be so
inefficient, he wonders if his company should try to
do business there.
24. INDIA
Gloria Johnson is proud of her participatory
management style. Assigned in Bombay on
behalf of her U.S.-based company, she is careful
not to give orders but to ask for suggestions.
But the employees rarely suggest anything.
Even a formal suggestion system she
established does not work. Worse still, she
doesn’t sense the respect and camaraderie that
she felt at the plant she managed in Texas.
Perhaps the people in India just are not ready
for a woman boss.
25. MEXICO
Alan Caldwell is a U.S. sales representative in Mexico
City. He makes appointments with Senõr Lopez and
is careful to be on time, but his host is frequently
late. To save time, Alan tries to get right to
business, his host wants to talk about sightseeing
and about Alan’s family. Even worse, the meetings
are interrupted constantly with phone calls, long
conversations with other people, and even
customers’ children who come into the office. Alan’s
first report to his home office is very negative. He
hasn’t yet made a sale. Perhaps Mexico just isn’t the
right place to do business.
26. Prentice Hall 2003 Chapter 4 26
Behaviors Most Important to Intercultural
Communication Effectiveness
(as reviewed by Ruben)
• Respect (conveyed through eye contact, body posture, voice tone and
pitch)
• Interaction posture (the ability to respond to others in a descriptive,
nonevaluative, and nonjudgmental way)
• Orientation to knowledge (recognizing that one’s knowledge, perception,
and beliefs are valid only for oneself and not for everyone else)
• Empathy
• Interaction management
• Tolerance for ambiguity
• Other-oriented role behavior (one’s capacity to be flexible and to adopt
different roles for the sake of greater group cohesion and group
communication
27. Prentice Hall 2003 Chapter 4 27
Personality Factors For Effective Intercultural
Communication
(as reviewed by Kim)
• Openness – traits such as open-mindedness,
tolerance for ambiguity, and extrovertedness
• Resilience – traits such as having an internal locus of
control, persistence, a tolerance of ambiguity, and
resourcefulness
29. And…..
• Sensitive to verbal
& nonverbal
behavior.
• Aware of values,
beliefs, practices of
other cultures.
• Sensitive to
differences within
cultures.
31. High-Context Cultures
• Infer information from
message context, rather than
from content.
• Prefer
indirectness, politeness &
ambiguity.
• Convey little information
explicitly.
• Rely heavily on nonverbal
signs.
• Asian
• Latin American
• Middle Eastern
32. Low-Context Cultures
• Rely more on content
rather than on context.
• Explicitly spell out
information.
• Value directness.
• See indirectness as
manipulative.
• Value written word more than
oral statements.
• European
• Scandinavian
• North American