Manga and anime: The comics books and cartoons of Japan
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Manga and anime are comic books and cartoons that originate from Japan. Manga comes from Japanese words meaning "whimsical pictures" and are published as magazines, books, or graphic novels covering a wide variety of topics. The manga industry in Japan is worth $6 billion annually. There are different genres of manga targeted towards various age groups, including shonen for boys about teens in fantasy scenarios, shoujo for girls focusing on relationships, and seinen for older readers covering many subjects. Anime is the Japanese term for animation and can be TV shows or films, many based on popular manga series. Anime has become popular worldwide through films like Spirited Away and TV shows like Pokemon and Dragon Ball Z
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Manga and anime: The comics books and cartoons of Japan
- 1. Manga and Anime The comic books and cartoons of Japan
- 2. What is Manga? Manga comes from ideograms for “whimsical pictures” Serials and magazines Bound books or graphic novels
- 3. Manga in Japan A $6 billion a year industry Average citizen spends $50 a year on manga Read by Everybody All types of subjects
- 4. Children’s Manga Known as yonenshi Doraemon Reflects differences in culture – Nudity – Death
- 5. Manga for Boys Known as shonenshi Often puts normal teens in “fantastic” circumstances Most exported of Japanese Manga
- 6. Manga for Girls Known as shojoshi Created by women for women and girls Themes of relationships, rise to stardom, and love stories Unique appearance
- 7. Manga for Older Readers Known as seinenshi Widest range of subject matter – Historical – Informational – Soap Operas – Etc. Japan Inc.
- 8. What is Anime? Short for Animation Can refer to TV shows or feature films Often based off of popular manga series
- 9. Types of Anime Film – Astroboy – Akira – Spirited Away TV Series – Shojo, Shonen, etc – Ebichu
- 10. Anime Film Akira Ghost in the Shell Spirited Away – Miyazaki Cowboy Bebop
- 11. Anime TV Invasion! Pokemon Older shows – Robotech – Transformers Newer shows – Yu-gi-oh – Dragonball Z – Cowboy Bebop
- 12. Japanese Educational System in Anime Almost always there Everyday life How school is portrayed – Social – Stress – Importance
- 13. The End Examples of Anime Any further questions?
- 14. Links http://www.abcb.com/parents/ http://www.koyagi.com/Libguide.html http://www.imdb.com http://pittcat.pitt.edu
Editor's Notes
- First I am going to give you some background on what Manga and Anime are, some examples of each, and why they are so important to Japanese culture. Then I am going to show how the educational system in Japan is portrayed in Anime. At the end, I have some Anime clips to show from my personal collection. Feel free to ask questions at any point in the presentation.
- <Hand out Examples> The word Manga comes from the ideograms for “whimsical pictures”. The development of Manga in Japan parallels the development of comics in the West. Graphical storytelling goes at least as far back as the 12th Century in Japan, but we start to see comics in magazines and newspapers in the 1860s. Modern Manga like you see here only started post-WWII, first as children’s books and then serialized. Serial format means that the Manga appears in 20-30 pages of a magazine, weekly or just regularly. This is why most Manga is black and while. The most popular titles have their past runs bound into books, called graphic novels in the U.S.
- To give you some idea on how important manga is to Japan, here are some numbers. About a quarter of the Japanese publishing industry is Manga. That makes it almost a $6 billion dollar a year industry. That means the average Japanese citizen spends $50 a year on Manga. One of the main differences between American comics and Mang is the audience. Manga is read by everybody: generation, profession, gender. That is because the first generation of readers, post-WWII children, never put down Manga. They remained fans and later generations followed suit. Manga therefore covers many subjects for its wide audience. <Open URL>
- Children’s Manga is known as yonenshi. I’m not to familiar with this genre, but as you can see it is very simple with exciting colors. Doraemon is the example shown here. Think of him like Mickey Mouse. The content of children’s Manga greatly reflects cultural difference between Japan and the U.S. Nudity is more accepted and death is shown.
- Manga for young boys is known as Shonenshi. They are full of action and adventure, often putting normal teens in fantastic circumstance. These can take place in almost any of the genre’s shown before: Sci-fi, Historical, Magic… This is the most exported type of Manga. Note that it fits the market for comic books in the U.S.
- Manga for girls is called Shojoshi. Shojo Manga is interesting for a few reasons. First, it is predominately written and drawn by women. Second, the main themes of shojo manga include soap-opera dramas of mother-daughter relationships, stories of girls rising to stardom, and love stories. The characters are drawn in highly exaggerated fashion, with enormous, sparkling eyes often occupying as much as one third of the face. Their hair is often blond and curly and their legs are long and extremely thin. Examples – Sailor Moon, Fushigi Yûgi
- This final category is a catch-all for the rest of Manga. These are comics read by everyday adults, on the train, on a lunch break, etc. They have a very wide range of subjects and can contain more violence and sex. One interesting Manga is Japan Inc. It was originally a study aid for children, to explain how Japanese business and economy worked. It became a bestseller.
- Unlike Manga, the term Anime came from the western word “animation”. The term can be applied to TV shows or to feature length films. Most Anime is based off of popular Manga series.
- Anime film began as animated short cartoons in the early 1900s. In 1956 influenced by Disney, the first Anime studio was organized and began to produce feature films. One of their best known creations is Astroboy (shown here). In the 60s, Anime moved to television, but in the mid-80s there was a resurgence in films, including Akira and Spirited Away. I’ll talk about that more in a minute. As I said, television Anime began in the 1960s. Because it drew from Manga and broad subjects, Anime became popular with all ages. The types of Manga we discussed before and the age/gender groups apply. Examples – Ebichu: The Housekeeping Hamster is a comedy about a single Japanese woman trying to find romance/happiness.
- It should be noted that Anime films are top grossing at the box office in Japan, unlike any Disney movie in the U.S. Some notable movies are: Akira (1988) spurred international praise and recognition of Japanese anime movies. Modern artists constantly cite it as their inspiration. Since Akira, Japanese anime films have had increasing popularity in the U.S. Ghost in the Shell (1995) is a notable hit as well. Spirited Away is just the latest film from the very popular Studio Ghibli and director Hayao Miyazaki. Other popular Anime films from Studio Ghibli are Princess Mononoke, Kiki’s Delivery Service, and a large number yet to be released stateside. Cowboy Bebop movie, from a popular TV series, has recently been shown in limited release in the U.S.
- Television Anime is much more prevalent. Everyone can recognize Pokemon. It was based on the Nintendo Game Boy game, first became popular in Japan and then migrated, relatively quickly, to the U.S. Anime has been coming over to the U.S. for years. In 1995, an American brought clips from 3 different anime series to the U.S. dubbed new dialogue and story into them and created the series Robotech. Transformers was a American cartoon based off of American copies of Japanese toys. But after the cartoon ended in the U.S., it continued in Japan. Newer shows that have made their way to the U.S. Yu-gi-oh, another anime like Pokemon, is tied to a collectable card game. Dragonball Z is a show that has a rich history in Japan. Starting in 1984 as a manga series by Akira Toriyama called Dragonball, the anime (nigh direct) translation has reached 400 episodes and is still going. Cowboy Bebop was shown on Cartoon Network’s Adult Swim. This is one of the first anime series shown in the US that was not geared for children.
- Okay, 90% of my knowledge of school life in Japan comes from anime and manga, so correct me if I am wrong. The first thing to note about “school” in anime is that it is almost always there. Science fiction (Eva) has it, action/fantasy (DBZ), love stories (definitely). This is mostly because the main characters are young and in school. Even in fantastic stories, the reality of daily life is there to keep them real. They deal with the same daily grind as the viewers and relate to them that way. School is shown a social setting – it is where students explore their talents in clubs and where they can interact with others. School is often shown as very stressful – performance in school and on exams sets the career path for most Japanese, getting into a good school. Education is stressed as important, despite any “fantastic” circumstances.