The document discusses mandalas, including their origins in Sanskrit and use in Buddhist meditation. It provides details on Tibetan mandalas such as their central deities surrounded by circles, colorful and complex paintings, and architecture-inspired compositions. Sand mandalas are also summarized, including their creation process over days from millions of grains of colored sand and their purpose of purification and healing before being dissolved in water.
The document discusses mandalas, circular designs that represent wholeness. Mandalas have radial symmetry, with elements like rays or shapes that are equal in size, shape, and color extending outward from a central point. Examples of radial symmetry can be seen in nature like flowers, snowflakes, and wheels. The basic structure of a mandala is a circle with a center, called radial balance. Mandalas can also be seen in architecture and are created by various artists. Students are instructed to make a radial symmetry collage by cutting and arranging photos in a circular pattern.
Mandalas are circular symbols that originated in Hindu and Buddhist traditions. They represent the universe and are used as an aid for meditation and achieving spiritual enlightenment. Creating mandalas helps reduce stress and clears the mind. While mandalas were traditionally made for religious ceremonies, they can now be made from natural materials as a mindfulness activity for individuals or families. Upon completion, ceremonial mandalas would be destroyed to symbolize the impermanence of all things.
Masaccio's Trinity Altarpiece from 1425 was revolutionary in its use of linear perspective to create a rational, three-dimensional space. It was one of the first works of art to use this technique, which had been discovered by Brunelleschi and codified by Alberti. Masaccio also used shading, modeling, and accurate human anatomy to make the figures appear lifelike and volumetric. In the Brancacci Chapel, his fresco The Tribute Money from 1427 further developed these innovations by arranging figures in a semicircle, using gestures to guide the narrative, and establishing a single light source to cast consistent shadows. Both works had humanist themes but also reflected contemporary civic and political issues
1. Evolution of Temple Architecture in Tamil Nadu
2. Major Styles of Temple Architecture in Tamil Nadu
3. Three Traditions of Temple Architecture in Tamil Nadu
4. Pallava Rock - cut Temples
5. Pandya Rock - cut Temples
This document discusses various concepts related to order in architecture, including:
- Order consists of correspondence, iteration, and fixed ratios between parts. It imposes meaningful structure and is a creative force.
- Different schemes of order include grids, tri-partitioning space horizontally and vertically, and hierarchies with primary and secondary elements.
- Methods of discussing architecture include historical description of works, logical explanations, and narrative accounts. Design methods resemble game-like processes.
- Models are used to teach students about narration and presentation, while various philosophical approaches view design as rational analysis, value-based schemas, predictive paradigms, or embedded worldviews.
- Analysis traces things to their sources while synthesis
Ajanta paintings _ Traditions and Techniques.Jeevan Lal
The document provides information about the Ajanta caves located in Maharashtra, India. It discusses the two phases of construction - the Hinayana period from 2nd-1st century BC and the later Mahayana period from 4th-6th century AD. During the first phase, the earliest caves were excavated under the Satavahana dynasty and depictions of the Buddha were through symbols. The second phase saw greater artistic activity with sculptures and paintings of the Buddha added. The caves contain detailed fresco paintings on the walls and ceilings depicting Buddhist stories and themes. Techniques like multiple vision and animnonnata were used to provide an illusion of depth. Over time the paintings declined in quality
Humayun's tomb in Delhi was commissioned by his wife Bega Begum as the first Mughal garden tomb in India. It was designed by Persian architect Mirak Mirza Ghiyas and represents a fusion of Persian and Indian architectural styles. The complex tomb sits within a charbagh garden divided into quarters, and its double dome structure inspired many later Mughal mausoleums like the Taj Mahal. The tomb houses over 100 graves and its symmetrical exterior belies a complex interior layout of 124 chambers radiating from the central chamber housing Humayun's cenotaph.
Pahari miniature painting
Alternative Title: Hill painting. Pahari painting, style of miniature painting and book illustration that developed in the independent states of the Himalayan foothills in India. The style is made up of two markedly contrasting schools, the bold intense Basohli and the delicate and lyrical Kangra.
The document discusses mandalas, circular designs that represent wholeness. Mandalas have radial symmetry, with elements like rays or shapes that are equal in size, shape, and color extending outward from a central point. Examples of radial symmetry can be seen in nature like flowers, snowflakes, and wheels. The basic structure of a mandala is a circle with a center, called radial balance. Mandalas can also be seen in architecture and are created by various artists. Students are instructed to make a radial symmetry collage by cutting and arranging photos in a circular pattern.
Mandalas are circular symbols that originated in Hindu and Buddhist traditions. They represent the universe and are used as an aid for meditation and achieving spiritual enlightenment. Creating mandalas helps reduce stress and clears the mind. While mandalas were traditionally made for religious ceremonies, they can now be made from natural materials as a mindfulness activity for individuals or families. Upon completion, ceremonial mandalas would be destroyed to symbolize the impermanence of all things.
Masaccio's Trinity Altarpiece from 1425 was revolutionary in its use of linear perspective to create a rational, three-dimensional space. It was one of the first works of art to use this technique, which had been discovered by Brunelleschi and codified by Alberti. Masaccio also used shading, modeling, and accurate human anatomy to make the figures appear lifelike and volumetric. In the Brancacci Chapel, his fresco The Tribute Money from 1427 further developed these innovations by arranging figures in a semicircle, using gestures to guide the narrative, and establishing a single light source to cast consistent shadows. Both works had humanist themes but also reflected contemporary civic and political issues
1. Evolution of Temple Architecture in Tamil Nadu
2. Major Styles of Temple Architecture in Tamil Nadu
3. Three Traditions of Temple Architecture in Tamil Nadu
4. Pallava Rock - cut Temples
5. Pandya Rock - cut Temples
This document discusses various concepts related to order in architecture, including:
- Order consists of correspondence, iteration, and fixed ratios between parts. It imposes meaningful structure and is a creative force.
- Different schemes of order include grids, tri-partitioning space horizontally and vertically, and hierarchies with primary and secondary elements.
- Methods of discussing architecture include historical description of works, logical explanations, and narrative accounts. Design methods resemble game-like processes.
- Models are used to teach students about narration and presentation, while various philosophical approaches view design as rational analysis, value-based schemas, predictive paradigms, or embedded worldviews.
- Analysis traces things to their sources while synthesis
Ajanta paintings _ Traditions and Techniques.Jeevan Lal
The document provides information about the Ajanta caves located in Maharashtra, India. It discusses the two phases of construction - the Hinayana period from 2nd-1st century BC and the later Mahayana period from 4th-6th century AD. During the first phase, the earliest caves were excavated under the Satavahana dynasty and depictions of the Buddha were through symbols. The second phase saw greater artistic activity with sculptures and paintings of the Buddha added. The caves contain detailed fresco paintings on the walls and ceilings depicting Buddhist stories and themes. Techniques like multiple vision and animnonnata were used to provide an illusion of depth. Over time the paintings declined in quality
Humayun's tomb in Delhi was commissioned by his wife Bega Begum as the first Mughal garden tomb in India. It was designed by Persian architect Mirak Mirza Ghiyas and represents a fusion of Persian and Indian architectural styles. The complex tomb sits within a charbagh garden divided into quarters, and its double dome structure inspired many later Mughal mausoleums like the Taj Mahal. The tomb houses over 100 graves and its symmetrical exterior belies a complex interior layout of 124 chambers radiating from the central chamber housing Humayun's cenotaph.
Pahari miniature painting
Alternative Title: Hill painting. Pahari painting, style of miniature painting and book illustration that developed in the independent states of the Himalayan foothills in India. The style is made up of two markedly contrasting schools, the bold intense Basohli and the delicate and lyrical Kangra.
Module 3 islamic architecture under imperial ruleBinumol Tom
The document summarizes Islamic architecture under the Imperial style in India between 1191-1557 AD. It describes key architectural developments and structures during the Slave, Khalji, Tughlak, Sayyid, and Lodi dynasties. Important buildings mentioned include the Qutub Minar, Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque, Tomb of Iltutmish, Alai Darwaza, and tombs of Balban and Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq. The Imperial style saw an evolution from initial unplanned structures to carefully designed mosques, tombs, and minarets that began incorporating Hindu elements.
The Alai Darwaza is the southern gateway of the Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque complex in Delhi, India. It was built in 1311 by Sultan Alauddin Khilji of the Khiljid Dynasty and represents an early example of true Islamic architecture in India. Constructed out of red sandstone and white marble, the Alai Darwaza features horseshoe-shaped arched entrances, carved inscriptions, and the first true dome built in India. It serves as an entrance to the historic Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque.
Monumen kosmologis dibangun di Nusantara menurut gambaran alam semesta atau kosmologi Hindu-Buddha. Candi dibangun untuk melambangkan gunung suci dan tatanan alam semesta, serta berperan sebagai sarana ritual dan pernyataan politik pemerintahan."
The document discusses scale and proportion in art. It defines scale as the size of an object relative to another, often compared to human scale. Proportion refers to the relative size of parts within a whole. It uses Michelangelo's David as an example of ideal proportions in sculpture and life-size scale. The sculpture towers over viewers at over 13 feet tall on a pedestal, giving it a sense of grandeur. It also discusses uses of scale in miniatures and monumental architecture.
The tomb of Iltutmish was the first Islamic tomb built in Delhi, India. It was constructed in around 1235 AD by Iltutmish himself, who was the ruler of the Slave Dynasty. The tomb has a square plan and features arched entrances on the eastern, southern, and northern walls. The western wall contains three prayer niches. Notable architectural elements include the transition from the cubic base to the hemispherical dome, which became a defining characteristic of later Islamic architecture. The tomb represents an important early example of Indo-Islamic architecture under the Slave Dynasty.
This document discusses key principles of design including organization, unity, variety, repetition, pattern, rhythm, balance, symmetry, asymmetry, harmony, proximity, emphasis, proportion, scale, and illusion of motion. It provides examples and definitions for each principle. The principles are presented as foundational components of the design process that can be utilized individually or together to create order, visual interest, and aesthetic appeal in works of art and design.
This document provides an introduction to geometry. It discusses how geometry is the mathematical study of shapes, figures, and positions in space. Some key topics covered include different types of shapes such as circles, triangles, squares, and three-dimensional solids. The document also discusses important historical figures that contributed to the field such as Plato, Euclid, and Archimedes. Additionally, it covers how geometry has been applied through Islamic geometric art and architecture.
The document summarizes the key differences between Dravidian and Nagara styles of Hindu temples in India. Dravidian temples, more common in South India, emphasize horizontality with one or more stories and a stepped pyramidal tower. Nagara temples of North India emphasize verticality with a tall spire and suppression of horizontal lines. Some examples of architectural features described include the Kailasanatha Temple at Ellora, Brihadeeswarar Temple at Thanjavur, and Kandariya Mahadeva Temple at Khajuraho.
The Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque, located next to the Qutub Minar in Delhi, was built between 1192-1196 AD by Qutub-ud-din Aibak, the first ruler of the Slave Dynasty. Many of the pillars in the mosque have clear Hindu motifs and are believed to have been taken from 27 temples demolished to build the mosque. Over time, the mosque was expanded and renovated by several subsequent rulers, blending Hindu and Islamic architectural styles. It was the first mosque built in India and is an important example of the early medieval Indo-Islamic architecture.
The Gol Gumbaz in Bijapur, Karnataka, India was constructed between 1626-1656 AD to serve as the tomb of Mohammed Adil Shah. The massive structure measures 47.5 meters on each side and is capped by a dome that is 44 meters in diameter. Eight intersecting arches support the dome and help create the monumental interior space, with sound carrying clearly across the 37 meter diameter main hall.
The Ajanta Caves in India contain 32 grottos carved into basalt rock hills over thousands of years using only chisels and hammers. The caves contain wonderfully decorated walls and ceilings with colorful paintings that are over 1500 years old, depicting realistic expressions and emotions. Some caves served as Viharas or monasteries for monks, containing rooms and rock-cut beds, while others were Chaityas or temples similar to cathedrals, with arched ceilings and decorated pillars. The skilled artisans who created these wonders using only simple tools left behind something universal and magical that can still be appreciated today.
Jataks stories are the common themes in Ajanta paintings. Mahajanak Jataka painted in Cave One is one of the important compositions.
A Presentation byf Prof. Subramanian Swaminathan on the paintings of Ajanta.
- Mauryan art represented an important transition from wood to stone in Indian art. Notable features include the use of cut stone in religious sculptures and the development of Buddhist temples, stupas, and caves that were inspired by earlier Vedic traditions.
- Gandharan art developed in the region of Gandhara (modern-day Pakistan and Afghanistan) between the 1st-7th centuries AD and blended Greek artistic styles with Indian Buddhist religious themes. Key characteristics include depictions of the Buddha and bodhisattvas with realistic human features and elaborate drapery.
- Gupta art of the 4th-5th centuries AD is exemplified by naturalistic sculptures like the Standing Buddha from Sarnath
The document discusses architectural styles from different periods in South India, including the Pandya, Vijayanagara, and Hazara styles. It provides details on specific temples constructed during each period. The Pandya style included temples with pyramidal towers and mythological sculptures. The Srivilliputtur Andal Temple featured a 12-tiered tower structure. The Vijayanagara style combined elements from other South Indian styles and is known for pillared halls. Specific temples mentioned include the Vitthal Temple in Hampi and the Hazara Temple, both constructed by Krishna Devaraya.
Leonardo da Vinci created the Vitruvian Man sketch to illustrate his study of the ideal human proportions. Through meticulous measurement from different angles, he documented ratios for features like arm span to height and distances between facial features. However, Da Vinci believed the real dimensions of humanity extend beyond physical measurements to include the immeasurable mind and soul. He saw humans as perfectly balanced between these three dimensions and argued true perfection lies in harmony across one's body, intellect, and ability to connect with others and nature.
GEOMETRICAL DESIGN PHILOSOPHY OF ANCIENT INDIAN TEMPLE AND ITS CONSTRUCTION M...Samirsinh Parmar
The document summarizes a presentation on ancient Indian temple geometry given at the National Conference on Ancient Indian Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (AISTEM-2021). It discusses the key elements, architectural styles, construction techniques, and geometric principles of Hindu temples. The presentation covers topics such as the design philosophy of temples representing the human body; the use of fractal geometry and self-similar patterns; regional architectural variations; and how art and sculpture depict cultural and religious concepts.
The document discusses the architecture of Hindu temples at Khajuraho, India. It describes key elements of temple design like the amalka, entrance porch, halls, vestibule, towers, and inner sanctum. The Lakshmana Temple from 954 AD and the Kandariya Mahadev Temple from 1025 AD are highlighted as examples. Sculptures at Khajuraho temples typically include gods, celestial beings, couples, and animals. The architecture reflects the Chandela Dynasty's rule from 831 to 1315 AD and demonstrates the Nagara style.
Terracotta : Special Reference to Gupta Period Ajay Kumar
This presentation is prepared by the MA student, to get basic and general information about the subject. This presentation is incomplete and students are advised to get the further and proper information from subjective and recommended books and research articles.
A mandala is a geometric pattern that begins at a central point and expands outward in a repetitive circular design. Mandalas symbolize wholeness and unity in many cultures through their radial symmetry, which creates balance from a central point.
Module 3 islamic architecture under imperial ruleBinumol Tom
The document summarizes Islamic architecture under the Imperial style in India between 1191-1557 AD. It describes key architectural developments and structures during the Slave, Khalji, Tughlak, Sayyid, and Lodi dynasties. Important buildings mentioned include the Qutub Minar, Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque, Tomb of Iltutmish, Alai Darwaza, and tombs of Balban and Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq. The Imperial style saw an evolution from initial unplanned structures to carefully designed mosques, tombs, and minarets that began incorporating Hindu elements.
The Alai Darwaza is the southern gateway of the Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque complex in Delhi, India. It was built in 1311 by Sultan Alauddin Khilji of the Khiljid Dynasty and represents an early example of true Islamic architecture in India. Constructed out of red sandstone and white marble, the Alai Darwaza features horseshoe-shaped arched entrances, carved inscriptions, and the first true dome built in India. It serves as an entrance to the historic Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque.
Monumen kosmologis dibangun di Nusantara menurut gambaran alam semesta atau kosmologi Hindu-Buddha. Candi dibangun untuk melambangkan gunung suci dan tatanan alam semesta, serta berperan sebagai sarana ritual dan pernyataan politik pemerintahan."
The document discusses scale and proportion in art. It defines scale as the size of an object relative to another, often compared to human scale. Proportion refers to the relative size of parts within a whole. It uses Michelangelo's David as an example of ideal proportions in sculpture and life-size scale. The sculpture towers over viewers at over 13 feet tall on a pedestal, giving it a sense of grandeur. It also discusses uses of scale in miniatures and monumental architecture.
The tomb of Iltutmish was the first Islamic tomb built in Delhi, India. It was constructed in around 1235 AD by Iltutmish himself, who was the ruler of the Slave Dynasty. The tomb has a square plan and features arched entrances on the eastern, southern, and northern walls. The western wall contains three prayer niches. Notable architectural elements include the transition from the cubic base to the hemispherical dome, which became a defining characteristic of later Islamic architecture. The tomb represents an important early example of Indo-Islamic architecture under the Slave Dynasty.
This document discusses key principles of design including organization, unity, variety, repetition, pattern, rhythm, balance, symmetry, asymmetry, harmony, proximity, emphasis, proportion, scale, and illusion of motion. It provides examples and definitions for each principle. The principles are presented as foundational components of the design process that can be utilized individually or together to create order, visual interest, and aesthetic appeal in works of art and design.
This document provides an introduction to geometry. It discusses how geometry is the mathematical study of shapes, figures, and positions in space. Some key topics covered include different types of shapes such as circles, triangles, squares, and three-dimensional solids. The document also discusses important historical figures that contributed to the field such as Plato, Euclid, and Archimedes. Additionally, it covers how geometry has been applied through Islamic geometric art and architecture.
The document summarizes the key differences between Dravidian and Nagara styles of Hindu temples in India. Dravidian temples, more common in South India, emphasize horizontality with one or more stories and a stepped pyramidal tower. Nagara temples of North India emphasize verticality with a tall spire and suppression of horizontal lines. Some examples of architectural features described include the Kailasanatha Temple at Ellora, Brihadeeswarar Temple at Thanjavur, and Kandariya Mahadeva Temple at Khajuraho.
The Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque, located next to the Qutub Minar in Delhi, was built between 1192-1196 AD by Qutub-ud-din Aibak, the first ruler of the Slave Dynasty. Many of the pillars in the mosque have clear Hindu motifs and are believed to have been taken from 27 temples demolished to build the mosque. Over time, the mosque was expanded and renovated by several subsequent rulers, blending Hindu and Islamic architectural styles. It was the first mosque built in India and is an important example of the early medieval Indo-Islamic architecture.
The Gol Gumbaz in Bijapur, Karnataka, India was constructed between 1626-1656 AD to serve as the tomb of Mohammed Adil Shah. The massive structure measures 47.5 meters on each side and is capped by a dome that is 44 meters in diameter. Eight intersecting arches support the dome and help create the monumental interior space, with sound carrying clearly across the 37 meter diameter main hall.
The Ajanta Caves in India contain 32 grottos carved into basalt rock hills over thousands of years using only chisels and hammers. The caves contain wonderfully decorated walls and ceilings with colorful paintings that are over 1500 years old, depicting realistic expressions and emotions. Some caves served as Viharas or monasteries for monks, containing rooms and rock-cut beds, while others were Chaityas or temples similar to cathedrals, with arched ceilings and decorated pillars. The skilled artisans who created these wonders using only simple tools left behind something universal and magical that can still be appreciated today.
Jataks stories are the common themes in Ajanta paintings. Mahajanak Jataka painted in Cave One is one of the important compositions.
A Presentation byf Prof. Subramanian Swaminathan on the paintings of Ajanta.
- Mauryan art represented an important transition from wood to stone in Indian art. Notable features include the use of cut stone in religious sculptures and the development of Buddhist temples, stupas, and caves that were inspired by earlier Vedic traditions.
- Gandharan art developed in the region of Gandhara (modern-day Pakistan and Afghanistan) between the 1st-7th centuries AD and blended Greek artistic styles with Indian Buddhist religious themes. Key characteristics include depictions of the Buddha and bodhisattvas with realistic human features and elaborate drapery.
- Gupta art of the 4th-5th centuries AD is exemplified by naturalistic sculptures like the Standing Buddha from Sarnath
The document discusses architectural styles from different periods in South India, including the Pandya, Vijayanagara, and Hazara styles. It provides details on specific temples constructed during each period. The Pandya style included temples with pyramidal towers and mythological sculptures. The Srivilliputtur Andal Temple featured a 12-tiered tower structure. The Vijayanagara style combined elements from other South Indian styles and is known for pillared halls. Specific temples mentioned include the Vitthal Temple in Hampi and the Hazara Temple, both constructed by Krishna Devaraya.
Leonardo da Vinci created the Vitruvian Man sketch to illustrate his study of the ideal human proportions. Through meticulous measurement from different angles, he documented ratios for features like arm span to height and distances between facial features. However, Da Vinci believed the real dimensions of humanity extend beyond physical measurements to include the immeasurable mind and soul. He saw humans as perfectly balanced between these three dimensions and argued true perfection lies in harmony across one's body, intellect, and ability to connect with others and nature.
GEOMETRICAL DESIGN PHILOSOPHY OF ANCIENT INDIAN TEMPLE AND ITS CONSTRUCTION M...Samirsinh Parmar
The document summarizes a presentation on ancient Indian temple geometry given at the National Conference on Ancient Indian Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (AISTEM-2021). It discusses the key elements, architectural styles, construction techniques, and geometric principles of Hindu temples. The presentation covers topics such as the design philosophy of temples representing the human body; the use of fractal geometry and self-similar patterns; regional architectural variations; and how art and sculpture depict cultural and religious concepts.
The document discusses the architecture of Hindu temples at Khajuraho, India. It describes key elements of temple design like the amalka, entrance porch, halls, vestibule, towers, and inner sanctum. The Lakshmana Temple from 954 AD and the Kandariya Mahadev Temple from 1025 AD are highlighted as examples. Sculptures at Khajuraho temples typically include gods, celestial beings, couples, and animals. The architecture reflects the Chandela Dynasty's rule from 831 to 1315 AD and demonstrates the Nagara style.
Terracotta : Special Reference to Gupta Period Ajay Kumar
This presentation is prepared by the MA student, to get basic and general information about the subject. This presentation is incomplete and students are advised to get the further and proper information from subjective and recommended books and research articles.
A mandala is a geometric pattern that begins at a central point and expands outward in a repetitive circular design. Mandalas symbolize wholeness and unity in many cultures through their radial symmetry, which creates balance from a central point.
Mandalas can be found in many cultures and traditions around the world. They generally take the form of a circle or polygon and are used as tools for reflection, meditation, and centering. Religiously, mandalas originated in Hinduism and Buddhism in India, where they are drawn outside homes and temples for blessings and protection. Traditionally, mandalas have been made out of materials like sand, but now they are also created using paint, chalk, collage materials, and other mediums.
The Mandaya people are an indigenous group located in Davao Oriental province in the Philippines. They are composed of four main branches - the Tagum branch, Agusan Valley branch, Pacific Coast branch, and Gulf of Davao branch. Traditionally, the Mandaya practiced shifting agriculture, fishing, hunting, and gathering. Their political structure was led by bagani warriors and a council of elders. Marriage involved an extensive courtship and dowry negotiation process. The Mandaya had an animistic religion that involved female shamans and a hierarchy of spirits. While adopting some aspects of Spanish and American colonization, the Mandaya have maintained a distinct cultural identity.
The document describes a workshop where students were asked to create an identity mandala using watercolors and symbols. A mandala is a circular design in Hindu and Buddhist art that symbolizes the universe or a person's striving for unity. The workshop had students utilize this art form to express their own identity. Examples of student works were provided.
This document is a thesis submitted by Lisa Catherine Incardona in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Master of Arts degree in Art Therapy from St. Mary-of-the-Woods College. The thesis examines the universal principle of "squaring the circle" found in historical mandalas and its relevance to the effectiveness of mandalas used in psychotherapy. Incardona conducted a literature review on the clinical uses and benefits of mandalas as well as their historical and cross-cultural presence in religious traditions. She hypothesized that a universal spiritual principle can be identified in mandalas throughout history and that this principle relates to why mandalas are effective therapeutic tools.
Mandalas are circular artistic representations that symbolize wholeness and the cosmic order of the universe. They appear throughout nature and in many world religions and cultures. To create a mandala, one begins with a circle and divides it into sections using radial lines, then fills the sections with balanced patterns and designs. Mandalas can be created using various media like paint, pencil, or mixed materials. They must be neatly made, show radial balance, use color schemes to convey a mood, and demonstrate control of the chosen art medium.
Los mandalas son diagramas sagrados presentes en muchas culturas que representan el universo y la espiritualidad humana. Tradicionalmente se usan en el hinduismo y budismo para la meditación, donde representan reinos celestiales. En occidente, Jung los utilizó terapéuticamente para alcanzar la individualidad, creyendo que reflejan la estructura de la mente humana.
The document provides information on the Mandaya ethnic group of Mindanao, Philippines. It describes their origins and the five principal subgroups based on location. It details their physical features and discusses their social organization, customs, religious beliefs, and economy which includes kaingin farming and crafts like woven clothing. The Mandaya practice a mix of traditional Catholicism and indigenous animism, interacting with nature and spirits through rituals led by bailan priestesses. They have a hierarchical tribal structure led by the Bagani chief and elders.
This document discusses engaging today's students through various games and tools. It explores using Twitter, Facebook, Second Life, Warhammer, films like District 9 and Star Wars, tagging trains, and the card game Magic: The Gathering. Students wrote comparisons of the films' hero's journeys and their own versions of "'Twas the Night Before Christmas." Playing games allowed applying course concepts, socializing, and competing or cooperating with each other. The document concludes that using popular games and tools can help engage students.
This is a mandala ceremony at the Buddhist Temple in Longmont Colorado. That is a Japanese Buddhist Temple but the Tibetan Temple participated and the one who made the mandala was from Bhutan. I think this was 2008?
Mandalas use symmetrical shapes and patterns to create a focal point around a central image. They symbolize spiritual meanings and can help people understand themselves and important life experiences. Mandala art comes from traditions around the world and has been used for thousands of years as a process of self-expression and spiritual transformation. This assignment asks students to create a self-portrait mandala using symbols, animals, colors, and shapes that represent themselves, their culture, spirituality, or interests to reveal parts of their identity. Research into personal symbols and spirit animals is encouraged to inspire designs.
The indigenous peoples of six tribes in northeastern Mindanao saw their traditional leadership and governance weakened over time by government policies. In 2005, 17 communities began revitalizing their leadership by drawing on tribal customary laws with help from elders and young professionals. They identified customary law holders, documented traditional structures and systems, and selected tribe-level representatives to participate in local governance bodies according to a common guideline. This process restored indigenous political structures and identified over 250 customary law holders to fill tribal roles, strengthening self-governance.
A general overview of several aspects of LEXFLO’s patented mobile giving platform and Philantrhopy Via Audience Particpation initiative's to support the funding of the GMP and UA4G's social investing platform.
Traditional Tausug courtship involves the boy's parents speaking to the girl's parents to express interest, known as "pasihil". Another tradition is for the boy's family to visit the girl's family to meet and express their intentions. Modern courtship allows the boy and girl to get to know each other first before involving families, such as meeting at school or work, spending time together, and the boy courting the girl by singing or giving gifts. However, pre-marital relationships are still forbidden, and the boy must get approval from both families before the relationship can become official.
This chapter instructs the reader on how to create a personal mandala using the five sense dimensions of touch, taste, smell, hearing and sight. The mandala is intended to help the reader gain awareness of the unity of body, mind and spirit through meditation. The reader is provided with a template and guided questions to fill in each sense dimension circle based on how they relate to the core issues of synchrony/isolation, challenge/anxiety, centeredness/disorientation, clarity/confusion, and vision/blindness. By completing the mandala, the reader can assess their dominant poles within each dimension and gain insight.
The document discusses traditional and modern views of courtship among Tausug people in the Philippines. Traditionally, there is no courtship and marriages are arranged by parents, while modern views allow some limited interactions between unmarried couples as long as certain restrictions are followed, such as no physical contact. The ideal according to Islamic law is still to prohibit any contact between unmarried men and women to prevent premarital sexual relations.
Davao Oriental was originally part of Caraga Province until 1956 when a bill was passed in Congress to divide Davao into three provinces. However, the bill failed to pass the Senate. In 1965, another bill was revived and passed as Republic Act 4867, creating the Province of Davao Oriental with its capital in Mati. Davao Oriental has diverse geography and climate, and festivals celebrate the local culture and harvests. Top attractions include beaches, festivals like Bauldayawan and Banayan, and the province is known for agricultural crops like corn, rice, and coconuts.
Diabetes And Bhramari Dr Shriniwas Kashalikardrkshitija
The document discusses how the pranayama technique called Bhramari can help overcome common respiratory infections associated with diabetes. Bhramari involves humming with the fingers placed in specific positions on the face and ears during prolonged expiration. It is believed to work through internal vibrations produced, stimulating internal organs like the sinuses, throat, and larynx. While more clinical trials are needed, the author finds Bhramari to be a calming and soothing activity.
This document discusses information security for informatics professionals. It begins with an introduction of the speaker, Amy Walker, which details her experience in healthcare, informatics, and security. The presentation will cover IT security pillars, constructing policies and procedures, security standards and risk assessment strategies, system architecture and design, and an overview of security issues and solutions. Examples of data breaches and related fines are provided to illustrate security risks faced by healthcare organizations. Frameworks and best practices for security are also outlined to help attendees strengthen their organization's security posture.
Murtaza Hashwani | How Many Mandalas Designs Do You Know ?Murtaza Hashwani
Murtaza Hashwani | How Many Mandalas Designs Do You Know ? Let Me Introduce You To Some Of Mine.
Mandalas come in a broad range of designs. The mandala's symbols and representations determine each object's function and worth. However, I have honed my abilities in 6 distinct Mandala Designs.
The popularity of mandalas has greatly increased potentially due to its shape and call for creativity. This infographic gives some info on mandalas you might find interesting.
This document discusses various meditation techniques related to the chakras in the Gitananda yoga tradition. It describes dharana (concentration) and dhyana (meditation) as steps in Patanjali's eightfold path. Specific techniques covered include chakra pranayama (visualizing energy flowing through the chakras while breathing), chakra meditation (focusing awareness on each chakra center), mandala dharana (concentrating on geometric symbols representing each chakra), and mantralaya (repeating bija mantras associated with the chakras). The goal is to use these techniques to experience the chakras as conscious energy centers and achieve deeper meditative states.
Join us in Zurhy as we explore the fascinating world of mandalas. Discover what a mandala is, its history, and how it works to promote inner peace and self-discovery. Get ready to expand your knowledge and delve into the mystery of the mandala It is often used as a tool for meditation and self-discovery and is recognized for its intricate designs and intricate geometric patterns. In this blog, we will explore the meaning and purpose of mandalas and how they work.
A mandala is a spiritual and ritual symbol in Hinduism and Buddhism, representing the universe. The document discusses what a mandala is, its benefits, and common symbols and shapes used in mandalas. A mandala is a circle that represents wholeness, connection, and the cycle of life. Benefits include bringing peace, tranquility, concentration, and allowing creativity to flow. Common symbols include dots, circles, lines, triangles, and squares in different colors that represent spiritual concepts. The document encourages creating a personal mandala to illustrate the influences that shape one's identity.
Buddhism uses various symbols to represent complex ideas without words. The main symbols include the Three Jewels representing the Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha; the Eight-Spoke Wheel representing the Noble Eightfold Path; the lotus flower symbolizing purity and enlightenment; mandalas used in meditation; stupas containing relics and representing the universe; the vajra symbolizing strength and enlightenment; and symbols on depictions of the Buddha like the urna representing insight.
In the realm of art that transcends cultures and ages, mandala art emerges as an exquisite tapestry of creativity and spirituality. Derived from the ancient Sanskrit word meaning "circle," mandalas are captivating symmetrical designs that hold profound symbolic significance. In this blog, we embark on a mesmerizing journey into the world of mandala art, exploring its origins, therapeutic benefits, and the process of creating these harmonious masterpieces.
This summary provides the key details about the mandala in 3 sentences:
The mandala is a circular picture originally from Tibet that is used to represent religious beliefs or convey meaning to an individual or group. The circular shape and symbols within it can symbolize concepts like the circle of life or the lack of beginning or end. The creator's mandala centers on the most important thing in their life, while perimeter symbols represent other significant aspects.
This document provides an introduction to Buddhism and meditation practices taught at the Cham Shan Temple. It discusses different meditation techniques like breathing meditation, walking meditation, and counting breaths. It also summarizes key events in the life of Gautama Buddha and outlines the five periods of his teachings according to the Tientai School. The document encourages questions and comments from readers.
Develop Higher Levels Of Manifesting And Success.pdfMoneyFactory
As you most likely are aware, numerous ways of
advancing great are being and well-being, whether
through diet, meditation, active work, and so on.
Be that as it may, you might have previously
known about Sri Yantra.
A hallowed image, a reflection, a yoga device, an
energy-recuperating instrument, and the Sri Yantra
are these without a moment's delay.
The Sri Yantra is an exceptionally strong and old
meditation instrument.
Its training permits admittance to more significant
levels of cognizance and the improvement of
clairvoyant powers.
This sacrosanct plan, utilized in India for millennia,
is an image of enormous energy.
It is viewed as the most impressive meditation tool
on the planet. It is likewise an incredible asset for
self-awareness.
The Sri Yantra is the portrayal of the state of the
Universe. This sacrosanct image has been used
for millennia in meditation and yoga.
1. Position the yantra so its center is at eye level
and a comfortable distance away. Sit with your
spine straight. Breathe in and out slowly until your
breath flows naturally.
2. Now allow your eyes to see the triangle that
encloses the dot(Bindu). The downward-pointing
triangle represents feminine creative power, while
the upward-facing triangle represents male energy.
3. Allow your vision to expand to include the circles
outside of the triangles. They represent the cycles
of cosmic rhythms. The image of the circle
embodies the notion that time has no beginning
and no end.
4. Bring your awareness to lotus petals outside the
circle. Notice that they are pointing outwards as if
opening. They illustrate the unfolding of our
understanding.
5. The square at the outside of the yantra
represents the material world that our senses
show us and the illusion of separateness via the
well-defined edges and boundaries. At the
periphery of the figure are four T-shaped portals,
or gateways.
Notice that they point toward the interior of the
yantra, the inner spaces of life. They represent our
earthly passage from the external and material to
the internal and sacred.
6. When your awareness begins to shift inward,
close your eyes. Now watch the yantra imprinted in
your mind’s eye, allowing it to gradually guide you
within.
7. Do nothing, and you will find yourself
participating in pure consciousness without the
mind defining it
Finding Joy and Tranquility Through Mandala ArtSaishabhayana
In the hustle and bustle of modern life, finding moments of peace and relaxation has become increasingly essential for our well-being. One of the most enchanting ways to achieve this is through the mesmerizing world of mandala art.
In a world bustling with constant activity, stress, and technological advancements, the search for solace and balance has become paramount. One avenue that has gained significant recognition for its therapeutic benefits is the creation of mandala art.
The document provides an overview of the life story of Siddhartha Gautama, the founder of Buddhism. It details his birth in Lumbini, Nepal to a royal family, his encounters with old age, sickness, and death outside the palace that prompted his spiritual journey, his ascetic practices and enlightenment under the Bodhi tree, and his first sermon setting forth the Four Noble Truths and Eightfold Path. It also summarizes basic Buddhist concepts like the Middle Way, rebirth, and nirvana, as well as common Buddhist symbols like the Dharmachakra wheel, Triratna, lotus, and stupa.
The document discusses the Sri Yantra, a sacred geometry used in Hindu worship and meditation. It describes the Sri Yantra as representing the goddess Tripura Sundari emerging from the center bindu point. The document outlines the proper meditative practice of focusing inward and outward on the Sri Yantra to achieve inner stillness and silence. It warns that simply keeping a yantra without understanding its proper use and acquiring the necessary knowledge and skills will not provide any spiritual benefits.
Buddhist temples and shrines are places of worship and pilgrimage for Buddhists. Key features of Buddhist temples include symbols of the five elements - fire, air, earth, water, and wisdom. Temples may be designed as stupas or pagodas. Buddhists also set up home shrines with statues of Buddha, candles, flowers, and images of respected Buddhist teachers. Being in a shrine room provides a calm and peaceful atmosphere that helps Buddhists feel centered as they meditate and pray.
The document discusses the chakras, which are seven energy centers located along the spinal cord. Each chakra is associated with a different endocrine gland and correlates to different levels of energy and consciousness. When energy flows freely through the chakras, it allows for optimal physical, mental and spiritual well-being. The document then provides details on the location and attributes of each individual chakra. It also discusses meditation techniques that can help unblock and balance the chakras.
The document provides information about Buddhist worship and symbols. It discusses key features of Buddhist temples like Stupas and Pagodas, including that they may contain relics of the Buddha and have designs representing the five elements. Symbols like the lotus flower, mandala, water, incense, and candles are explained. The document also describes a home Buddhist shrine with a quiet room containing Buddha statues, photographs, flowers, candles and incense for worship and meditation.
The Vishuddha Chakra is located in the throat. Its mantra is "हं ", "Hum". The color of Vishuddha Chakra is purple. In this cycle our consciousness reaches the fifth level. Its equivalent element is akasha (space). We can also translate it as 'Ishvara' (Lokottara), meaning that this place should be full of energy. Vishuddha Chakra is the starting point of Udana Prana. It is the process of this prana to purify the toxic substances of the body at the time of respiration. It is because of this main function that the name of this chakra is derived. Purification is not only done at the physical level but also at the level of emotion and mind. The problems and sad experiences we have 'swallowed' and buried inside in life remain in our subconscious mind until we face them and resolve them intelligently.
There are many different types of Hand Mudras, each with their own purpose and meaning. Hand Mudras can be used in meditation and yoga to help focus the mind, relax the body, and improve overall health.
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2. AGENDA
Part 1:
1.Origin of Mandala
2.How to use Mandala in
meditation?
Part 2:
3.Characteristics of Tibetan
Mandala
4.Diversity & Development in
Tibetan mandalas
Part 3:
5. Sand Mandala
6. Summarizing thoughts
4. WHY IS MANDALA ROUND IN SHAPE?
It is because the English word “circle” is translated from the Sanskrit
word mandala.
Mandala is an intricate geometrical pattern in a square or circular
shape.
To casual observer, a mandala may look like nothing but a series of
strange, swirling lines and colors.
5. MANDALA EXISTS IN EVERY ASPECT OF
LIFE
Mandala is a spiritual and ritual symbol in Indian religions,
representing the universe.
Mandala also describes the material reality of life.
Mandala represents the non-material reality of life in the form of
celestial circles such as the sun, moon and earth.
6. MANDALA EXISTS IN EVERY ASPECT OF
LIFE
It also describes the material reality of life as represented by the
conceptual circles of family, friends and community.
The powerful circular form of the mandala is prevalent in Buddhist
and Hindu religions. You will notice four gates in the shape of a ‘T’
that extend from the center point in these pieces, showing the circle
of unity.
7. MANDALA EXISTS IN EVERY ASPECT OF
LIFE
Vajrayana is a Tibetan branch of Buddhism that offer total
enlightenment by creating their mandalas as sand paintings. Of
course, this is certainly not the only example of mandala used in
religion.
The concept of Mandala long existed in Eastern religions and has
lately found acceptance by Western and secular cultures also.
8. MANDALA EXISTS IN EVERY ASPECT OF
LIFE
Both Buddhism and Hinduism place great emphasis on the point of
self-realization when the mandala or yantra of external world leads
to the mandala of the individual. The symbols of the original
mandala are now arranged in a similar form within the body.
Mandala is also an external support for meditation; and it helps
provoke the feelings and visions by which man arrive at a sense of
unity within himself and with the universe outside
9. The greatest of mandalas is the
spiral or circle of life. Trusting in
your beliefs will give you the truest
meaning. These are the strong beliefs
that send you on an inner journey as
you observe and are surrounded by
the outer world, just as the mandala
began its journey in the Sanskrit
world.
Mandala has helped its practitioners
to achieve peerless levels of focus
and inner peace.
10. MANDALAS ARE AN IMPORTANT ASPECTS OF
MANY STRAINS OF BUDDHISM
Life is full of suffering, pains, great and small (dukkha)
These pains are aggravated by fearing that which is unpleasant, and clinging to
that which gives us temporary pleasure.
To relieve yourself of pain and suffering, you must seek to give up both your
fear, longing and desire.
You can achieve the cessation of pain and suffering through the Noble
Eightfold Path, which is the basis for most Buddhist ethics and behaviors.
Buddhism is based on four statements known as the Four Noble
Truths. One could spend a lifetime exploring the four Noble
Truths, but at their most basic, they are:
11. Division Eightfold Path factors Acquired factors
Wisdom (Sanskrit:
prajñā, P li: paññ )ā ā
1. Right view
9. Superior right
knowledge
2. Right intention
10. Superior right
liberation
Ethical conduct
(Sanskrit: la, P li:śī ā
s la)ī
3. Right speech
4. Right action
5. Right livelihood
Concentration (Sanskrit
and P li: sam dhi)ā ā
6. Right effort
7. Right mindfulness
8. Right concentration
The Noble Eightfold Path is sometimes divided into three basic divisions,
as follows:
NOBLE EIGHTFOLD PATH
12. HOW TO USE MANDALA IN MEDITATION?
It can be done in the following ways :
Display the mandala in front of you while you sit in a comfortable
position that you can maintain easily. Watch your breathing for a
few minutes and allow it to become restful and easy.
Let your gaze fall on the mandala and allow it to gradually focus on
the center. That is the still point of the mandala. Eventually, your
attention will begin to wander, and when this happens, contemplate
the outer layers of the painting or drawing.
13. HOW TO USE MANDALA IN MEDITATION?
Let your mind dwell on the meaning or design motif. As you appreciate it, your
attention will naturally gravitate back toward the center, deepening your
meditation. Allow your gaze to cycle between the center and outer parts of the
mandala in a way that is comfortable.
Bring your gaze to the center, which is called the bindu -- then allow it to
encompass the triangles and squares that open from there to create the pattern.
They may remind you of a flower. Watch your mind as it forms conceptions of
what the pattern might represent.
Close your eyes when it's no longer comfortable to keep them open. Re-create
the mandala and its symbolism in your mind's eye. Try to remember as much
detail as possible, then forget the whole thing, focus on your breath and bring
your awareness into the present moment.
15. DEITY YOGA &
MANDALA
Mandalas are used as an aid in
realizing the inner ground
Visualizes himself or herself as
the meditation Buddha or Yidam
Yidam generally appears in a
mandala
Goal: Practice compassion and
wisdom
16. A CENTRAL DEITY IS HOUSED IN A CIRCLE OR FLOWER-SHAPED CENTER
17. Terrifying Yidam - Hevajra
The mandala is a symbolic
representations of sacred
enclosures, sacred architecture
that house and contain the
uncontainable essence of a yidam
Practice of Hevajra Tantra
Lady of emptiness
Wisdom & Compassion
18. Terrifying Yidam - Chakrasamvara
The tantric manifestation of
Buddha Shakyamuni
The union of skill in means and
wisdom
Four face = symbolizing the four
enlightened activities
The 12 arms holding various
ritual objects represent the twelve
interdependent links in the "wheel
of life"
The twelve powers.
25. 12th to early 14th centuries
The ornamentation of the
architectural structure is
less complicated in
paintings
Fewer figures in the sides
and borders
26. 14th and 15th centuries
More complex
architectural
configurations
Much more deities &
figures
Produced in sets or
series, multiple mandalas
grouped into one
painting
Four mandalas in a single
thang ka
Four Chakrasamvara Mandalas from
a Vajravali Set
27. Four Chakrasamvara Mandalas from a Vajravali Set
Chakrasamvara
blue-colored body, four faces,
and twelve arms
Mother Vajravarahi
Female Dakini attendants
29. 16th century & onwards
Mandala composed of symbols (Yama and Chamunda Symbol Mandala)
Geluk order, 18th Century
30. Yama and Chamunda Symbol Mandala
Yam ntaka is seen as a angry manifestation of Mañju r , the bodhisattva of wisdomā ś ī
Yam ntakaā
31. 16th century & onwards
Designed as depiction of the
cosmos
Four major continents
Geluk order, 18th century
Mount Meru
Seven fold rings of mountains
We are here
Fierce protector deities
32. The Sand Mandala
Mandalas constructed from sand are unique to Tibetan
Buddhism and are believed to effect purification and
healing
33. Outline
A great teacher chooses the specific mandala to be created. Monks then begin
construction of the sand mandala by consecrating the site with sacred chants
and music.
They make a detailed drawing from memory and fill in the design with millions
of grains of colored sand.
At its completion, the mandala is consecrated. The monks then enact the
impermanent nature of existence by sweeping up the colored grains and
dispersing them in flowing water.
34. Healing Power
Sand mandalas transmit positive energies to the environment and to
the people who view them.
While constructing a mandala, Buddhist monks chant and meditate
to invoke the divine energies of the deities residing within the
mandala. The monks then ask for the deities' healing blessings.
A mandala's healing power extends to the whole world when it is
swept up and dispersed into flowing water — a further expression of
sharing the mandala's blessings with all.
35. Blueprint
His Holiness the Dalai Lama is drawing the first lines
of the sand mandala using string dipped into liquid
white chalk
It takes two days for all the lines to be drawn
36. Filling in the sands
Starting in the middle and
working outward
Just memorising the hundreds of symbols in the
mandala design and learning how to apply the
sand takes at least two years of intense study.
37. Chakpur
The sand, colored with vegetable dyes, is poured onto the mandala
platform with a narrow metal funnel called a "chakpur" which is
scraped by another metal rod to cause sufficient vibration for the
grains of sand to trickle out of its end.
39. At the centre, it is the
Tibetan “ ཏཏཏ”
representing T r ,ā ā
known as the Buddha
of enlightened activity.
40. Three-dimensional
You can imagine that when you are looking down at a sand mandala, you
are getting a bird’s eye view of multi-level palace being viewed from
directly overhead.
41. Path of enlightenment
The first level of the palace enlightened body
The second level of the palace enlightened speech
The third level of the palace enlightened mind
Halfway inside the mind mandala is a square platform that represents the
enlightened wisdom mandala
The highest level of the palace the enlightened great bliss
mandala. Within it is the eight-petalled lotus, at the centre of which
stands the deity symbolising full enlightenment, the union of wisdom
and compassion.
42. Eight Auspicious Symbols
In clockwise direction:
- Endless knot
- Victorious banner
- Treasure vase
- Golden fishes
- Wheel
- Lotus
- Right turning conch shell
- Parasol
43. Endless knot
- the Buddha’s mind
representing endless
wisdom and compassion
- the continuity of the
twelve links of dependent
origination (the cyclic
existence)
44. Victorious banner
- the Buddha victory over
the four destructive forces
(aggregates, emotional
defilements, death, and
desire)
45. Treasure vase
- long life, wealth and
prosperity and all the
benefits of this world
and liberation
- a sign of the
inexhaustible riches
available in the
Buddhist teachings
46. Golden fishes
- the sea in Tibetan Buddhism is
associated with the world of
suffering, the cycle of samsara
- signify fearlessness and
happiness as they swim freely
through the oceans without
drowning, freely and
spontaneously (have complete
freedom in the water)
47. Wheel
- A wheel with eight spokes
symbolizes the Noble
Eightfold path, and the
transmission of these
teachings towards the eight
directions
- Speedy turning (rapid
spiritual change)
48. Lotus
- Grow from dark water but
unstained (symbol of purity
and renunciation)
- Complete purification of the
defilements of the body,
speech and mind, and the full
blossoming of wholesome
deeds in blissful liberation
49. Right-turning conch shell
- represents the beautiful sound
of the spread of the
Buddhadharma
- Its sound is deep, far-reaching
and melodious, and hearing it
awakens beings from the deep
slumber of ignorance, urging
them to accomplish their own
and others' welfare
50. Parasol
- the coolness of its shade
symbolizes protection from
the heat of suffering, desire,
and other spiritually
harmful forces
51. Summarizing thoughts
Mandalas, in their colourful complexity and variety in forms, have a
profoundly symbolic value and is regarded sacred by the Tibetans.
They represent basic aspects of the Buddhist path, including a strong
wish to put an end to suffering, a strong wish to attain
Enlightenment for the sake of others, and a correct view of Reality.
The vast number of Tibetan Buddhist deities and their symbolic
attributes are an summary of visual expression of the entire path of
the Hinayana, Mahayana, and Vajrayana teachings.