A presentation by Dr. Leah Mofomme, executive: road transport inspectorate, Cross Border Road Transport Agency (CBRTA).

1. MANAGING THE SAFETY
AND SECURITY OF
FLEET AT ALL TIMES
1st Annual Fleet Management Conference
5 May 2016

3. Presentation Outline
 Principles of Fleet Management
 Managing Fatigue
 Use of Technology
 To monitor behavior of drivers
 Detection solutions
 Mobile Surveillance and Vehicle Safety
 Road Safety
 Road- side assistance
 Conclusion

4. Principles of Fleet
Management
 The fleet is a means to an end – to be rich
 Fleet Management is a subset of managing the company and cannot be
isolated from total quality management
 We cannot isolate fleet management from human resource management –
this is a field of resource management
 In order to make money and remain competitive, an operator needs his/her
fleet to be on the road
 There must be unimpeded flow from point A to point B
 The less time spent on the road, the more trips can be made and increased
income
 Roadworthy fleet is key to safety and security
 IT environment provides solutions that can be used to manage fleet and track
cargo remotely

5. Managing Fatigue
Accessed on 13 04 ‘16

6. Understanding Fatigue
 No amount of work or money is more important than human
life
 What is fatigue – really?
 Physical or mental exhaustion manifests in reduced energy,
motivation and concentration
 What causes fatigue?
 Illness – excl. sleeping sickness
 Medication
 Intoxicating substances
 Overwork
 Lack of rest/sleep

7. Work demands and Fatigue
 What is the nature of the work of a truck or passenger
transport driver?
 Operating a slow moving heavy vehicle
 Pressure from operator (owner) to reduce time spent on
the road and increase income
 Long hours and distances
 Loneliness
 Transporting all kinds of people
 Tolerance towards other people – passengers and other
road users

8. Managing Fatigue
 Health checks
 Annual medical surveillance – sugar levels, Blood
Pressure
 Avoid fatigue-inducing factors
 Stick to your work schedule
 Value life more than money
 Sober habits
 Use of sex workers

9. Managing Fatigue – safe rest
facilities
 Local Authorities or private sector must provide
adequate driver rest facilities
 Heavy vehicle and safe park facilities are important for
overnight rest
 Security for cargo is important to freight operators
 Proper, humane sleep facilities with ablution
 Clean healthy meals
 Medical facilities – primary care

10. Technology and Behavioral
Management Perspectives
Let us look at different perspectives to understanding the use of technology to
manage employees:

11. Theory X
• Employees are lazy
• They dislike work
• They do not accept
responsibility
• They are unreliable
• They must be:
• Directed
• Strictly controlled
• Monitored
Cartoons.com

12. Theory Y
• Employees are
hardworking
• They enjoy work as if it
was play/rest
• They can exercise self-
direction
• They are creative and
responsible
• Employees require:
• Limited control
• Can be trusted Cartoons.com

13. Viewpoints on the use of
technology
The decision to use technology in managing fleet can be based on various
beliefs and viewpoints

14. Viewpoints on Technology
Optimistic View
 Road users (drivers) are
good
 They require information to
make good decisions and
improve behavior
 Technology is used to assist
them to take decisions better
Pessimistic View
 Road Users (drivers) are
poorly behaved
 They require penalties to
improve behavior
 Technology is required to
monitor them

15. Mobile Surveillance and
Vehicle Security
 Depending on the culture of the company with regards
to theory X or Y, technology can be used to either
monitor employees or ensure their security
 Mobile surveillance and vehicle security systems can
be used:
 Vehicle location systems
 Mobile video camera’s
 Speed detection systems

16. Dashboard Surveillance
Camera’s

17. Dashboard Surveillance
Camera view

18. Benefits of surveillance and
vehicle security systems
 Reduce unauthorized use of vehicles
 Surveillance camera’s enable the operator/owner to monitor
fleet throughout its journey
 Eliminating unauthorized or extended journeys thus
controlling fuel costs and life span of the vehicle
 Tracking devices to see where the vehicle is moving, speed,
engine switched off, etc.
 Increase vehicle safety and security
 Hijacking risk is reduced – criminals posing as hitch-
hikers
 Quick response in case of hijacking

19. Vehicle Intelligence Transport
Systems
 In 2010, the United Nations General Assembly proclaimed the
period 2011 to 2020 as the Decade of Action for Road Safety
 To stabilise and reduce road traffic fatalities around the world
 Pillar 3 of this decade of action focuses on SAFER VEHICLES
 Use of technology to reduce accidents
 Safety belts
 All round air bags
 Crash avoidance technology
 Vehicle Intelligence Transport Systems – enable vehicle to
vehicle or vehicle to infrastructure communications
 Supports the optimistic view that vehicle operators are able to
make good decisions if they have information about their
immediate environment and other road users

20. Hijackings
 There is a difference between hijacking, robbery and theft of a
vehicle
 Hijacking – vehicle taken by force from the owner/driver, mostly
with the use of a weapon
 Robbery – vehicle is taken with the use of a weapon but the
owner/driver was not necessarily in the car
 Theft – a car is stolen in the absence of the owner/driver
 SAPS published statistics:
 Reported carjacking cases increased from 11 180 in 2013/2014 to
12 773 in 2014/2015
 Reported truck hijacking cases increased from 991 in 2013/2014 to
1279 in 2014/2015

21. Minimising Hijacking
 Technology – anti-hijack systems
 More and more vehicles are designed to make hijacking difficult
 No key systems
 Vehicle tracking systems – increase chances of recovery
 Street wise and vigilance at all times
 Picking up strangers on the road increases risk
 Be careful of criminals posing as law enforcement officers –
always ask for identification
 Increase chances of detection by reporting to authorities –
immediately!

22. Road Safety
 There are 3 inter-related factors that contribute to road
accidents
(RTMC 2014)

23. Roads and Environment
 Design of the road and environment in which humans drive
 Sharp bends
 Potholes
 Road side distractions
 Stray animals
 Advertisements
 Poor road surface
 Design to Accommodate Human Error!

24. Vehicle Factors
Tyres: Burst
Brakes faulty
Tyres: Smooth
Overloading:
Passangers Bicycle: No
rear reflectors Steering faulty
74,3
11,4
5,7
2,9
2,9
2,9
Vehicle Factors Resulting in Crashes (RTMC 2014)
Stringent Standards/Regulation
Owner/Driver Responsibility

25. Human Factors
42,6
16,3
12,9
8,9 8,4
5,9 5
Human factors resulting in crashes (RTMC 2014)
Education
Prosecution

26. Managing Driver Behavior
 Good HR Practices
 Hire legitimately qualified drivers
 Conduct background checks
 Provide driver training
 Customer service
 Defensive driving
 Ethics/ personal hygiene/health
 Provide competitive salary – limit corruption
 Hold driver accountable for roadside offences
 Monitor compliance
 Analyse driver related offences
 Use ghost/pseudo hitch-hikers or passengers
 Monitor behavior through technology

27. Road side assistance
 Both the operator and the Government play a role in road
side assistance
 The operators must have their own system to support drivers
on the road in case of emergency
 Operator must ensure that fleet is serviced and roadworthy at
all times
 Operators can create an association to assist upcoming
operators who cannot afford own support
 Pillar 5 of the UN Decade of Action:
 Post-crash response to minimise physical and psychological
trauma
 Improve emergency incident response
 Reward systems for employers to retain people with disabilities
as a result of crashes

28. Conclusion
A chain is as
strong as its
weakest link
Roadworthy
fleet
Well maintained
infrastructure
Committed
employees
Technology
Professional
Management

29. Thank you
Dr. Leah Mofomme
Contact:
Leah.mofomme@cbrta.co.za
0823782081