There has been a rapid growth in the number of UK universities establishing ‘international branch campuses’ around the world. The University of Nottingham provides the best-known example, with successful satellite campuses in Semenyih (Malaysia) and Ningbo (China). Liverpool, Southampton, Reading, Newcastle, Middlesex and Heriot-Watt all boast growing offshore campuses.
Managing an international branch campus brings a raft of new challenges. For the senior staff seconded from the UK to set up and nurture branch campuses, they have to deal with the growing pains of any start-up venture, with small numbers of staff having to juggle multiple roles until critical mass is achieved. In most cases, the organisational structure exposes them to the difficulties of running a joint-venture, juggling the demands of the home campus and the local partner. In every case, they have to negotiate the conflicting legislative environments of their home and host countries, often working across language and cultural divides.
This presentation is based on a qualitative study of the challenges facing the managers of UK international branch campuses. Senior managers at a number of UK campuses in Malaysia, China and the United Arab Emirates were interviewed and the results analysed to identify the key issues and problems they face and the coping strategies that they have developed. It offers an insight into the world of the new breed of expatriate academic manager.
The challenges of leading an international branch campus: the ‘lived experien...University of Limerick
In recent years, an increasing number of major universities have set up international branch campuses (IBCs). There are now over 200 IBCs, with more under development. Little is known about the unique challenges that face IBC managers, who are normally seconded from the home university to set up and operate the satellite campus in a new and alien environment. At the same time, there are significant financial and reputational risks for the home university should an IBC fail. This presentation reports the results of a qualitative study into the ‘lived experiences’ of IBC managers working in the three largest host markets for IBCs – China, Malaysia and the United Arab Emirates. It finds that the fundamental challenge for managers is balancing the competing demands of a range of internal and external stakeholders and concludes that universities need to do more to prepare and support IBC managers.
The internationalisation of higher education: trends, motivations and modelsUniversity of Limerick
These two lectures provide an introduction to the internationalisation of higher education, covering:
1. The enablers of the internationalisation of higher education
2. The special features of international higher education
3. National government policies and the internationalisation of higher education: examples from around the world
4. Motivations for internationalisation
5. Example of pedagogical approach: Nottingham Trent University
6. A practitioner’s guide to the landscape of international higher education
7. A stages approach to the internationalisation of higher education
8. Example: the UK data for the different stages
9. The financial risk versus reputational risk trade-offs of the different stages
10. Understanding export education
11. Licensing higher education
12. Foreign direct investment in higher education
13. The implications of the internationalisation of higher education for higher education management
This presentation considers the benefits of transnational education (TNE) to host countries and to TNE partners in the host country. It reviews the scale and the benefits of ‘traditional’ TNE, which is generally understood to entail a university in one country (eg, the UK) providing educational services to students in another (eg, Thailand). It argues that although this tends to be an ‘unbalanced’ partnership, nonetheless traditional TNE does provide tangible benefits to the host country in terms of technology transfer (including curriculum, pedagogy and quality assurance) and faculty development, as witnessed by the way in which the private sector in Malaysia has used TNE to develop its higher education sector. It goes on to look at emerging forms of TNE, which are more explicitly based on a genuine partnerships of equals, arguing that these new forms hold out the best prospects of building lasting partnerships.
TNE partnerships: the challenges of managing partnerships across borders and ...University of Limerick
This lecture is part of the MA in International Higher Education Management at the University of Bath. It covers TNE partnerships: the challenges of managing partnerships across borders and culture:
1. The dimensions of the management challenges
2. The limitations of home universities in managing TNE
3. The stakeholders in TNE revisited
4. What do stakeholders want from TNE?
5. The importance of alignment
6. Case studies of successful and failed TNE partnerships
This lecture is part of the MA in International Higher Education Management at the University of Bath. It covers TNE partnerships: scalability, profitability and sustainability:
1. What is TNE?
2. TNE in the landscape of internationalisation of higher education
3. Why the interest in TNE?
4. What are the main forms of TNE?
5. How important is TNE?
6. Characteristics of TNE partnerships
7. The scalability of TNE partnerships
8. How profitable is TNE?
9. Sustainability of TNE partnerships over time
10. Case studies of TNE partnerships
Opening up Education: a Support Framework for Higher Education Institutions b...EduSkills OECD
This presentation was given by the Joint Research Centre – the European Commission’s in-house science service at the international seminar “Opening higher education: what the future might bring” 8-9 december 2016, in Berlin, Germany, jointly organised by OECD Centre for Educational Research and Innovation (CERI) and Laureate International Universities (LIU).
The changing face of transnational education: new forms of transnational part...University of Limerick
Transnational education (TNE) or cross-border education has been a growth area over the last decade. Existing typologies classify TNE either by the nature of the activity (eg, distance learning, franchise, and validation) or the part of the activity which is moving across borders (eg, programme mobility, institutional mobility). By analysing a large number of transnational partnerships around the world, this presentation illustrates the way that transnational partnerships are becoming increasingly multidimensional, blurring the boundaries between one type and another. It proposes new approaches to classifying types of transnational partnership.
The challenges of leading an international branch campus: the ‘lived experien...University of Limerick
In recent years, an increasing number of major universities have set up international branch campuses (IBCs). There are now over 200 IBCs, with more under development. Little is known about the unique challenges that face IBC managers, who are normally seconded from the home university to set up and operate the satellite campus in a new and alien environment. At the same time, there are significant financial and reputational risks for the home university should an IBC fail. This presentation reports the results of a qualitative study into the ‘lived experiences’ of IBC managers working in the three largest host markets for IBCs – China, Malaysia and the United Arab Emirates. It finds that the fundamental challenge for managers is balancing the competing demands of a range of internal and external stakeholders and concludes that universities need to do more to prepare and support IBC managers.
The internationalisation of higher education: trends, motivations and modelsUniversity of Limerick
These two lectures provide an introduction to the internationalisation of higher education, covering:
1. The enablers of the internationalisation of higher education
2. The special features of international higher education
3. National government policies and the internationalisation of higher education: examples from around the world
4. Motivations for internationalisation
5. Example of pedagogical approach: Nottingham Trent University
6. A practitioner’s guide to the landscape of international higher education
7. A stages approach to the internationalisation of higher education
8. Example: the UK data for the different stages
9. The financial risk versus reputational risk trade-offs of the different stages
10. Understanding export education
11. Licensing higher education
12. Foreign direct investment in higher education
13. The implications of the internationalisation of higher education for higher education management
This presentation considers the benefits of transnational education (TNE) to host countries and to TNE partners in the host country. It reviews the scale and the benefits of ‘traditional’ TNE, which is generally understood to entail a university in one country (eg, the UK) providing educational services to students in another (eg, Thailand). It argues that although this tends to be an ‘unbalanced’ partnership, nonetheless traditional TNE does provide tangible benefits to the host country in terms of technology transfer (including curriculum, pedagogy and quality assurance) and faculty development, as witnessed by the way in which the private sector in Malaysia has used TNE to develop its higher education sector. It goes on to look at emerging forms of TNE, which are more explicitly based on a genuine partnerships of equals, arguing that these new forms hold out the best prospects of building lasting partnerships.
TNE partnerships: the challenges of managing partnerships across borders and ...University of Limerick
This lecture is part of the MA in International Higher Education Management at the University of Bath. It covers TNE partnerships: the challenges of managing partnerships across borders and culture:
1. The dimensions of the management challenges
2. The limitations of home universities in managing TNE
3. The stakeholders in TNE revisited
4. What do stakeholders want from TNE?
5. The importance of alignment
6. Case studies of successful and failed TNE partnerships
This lecture is part of the MA in International Higher Education Management at the University of Bath. It covers TNE partnerships: scalability, profitability and sustainability:
1. What is TNE?
2. TNE in the landscape of internationalisation of higher education
3. Why the interest in TNE?
4. What are the main forms of TNE?
5. How important is TNE?
6. Characteristics of TNE partnerships
7. The scalability of TNE partnerships
8. How profitable is TNE?
9. Sustainability of TNE partnerships over time
10. Case studies of TNE partnerships
Opening up Education: a Support Framework for Higher Education Institutions b...EduSkills OECD
This presentation was given by the Joint Research Centre – the European Commission’s in-house science service at the international seminar “Opening higher education: what the future might bring” 8-9 december 2016, in Berlin, Germany, jointly organised by OECD Centre for Educational Research and Innovation (CERI) and Laureate International Universities (LIU).
The changing face of transnational education: new forms of transnational part...University of Limerick
Transnational education (TNE) or cross-border education has been a growth area over the last decade. Existing typologies classify TNE either by the nature of the activity (eg, distance learning, franchise, and validation) or the part of the activity which is moving across borders (eg, programme mobility, institutional mobility). By analysing a large number of transnational partnerships around the world, this presentation illustrates the way that transnational partnerships are becoming increasingly multidimensional, blurring the boundaries between one type and another. It proposes new approaches to classifying types of transnational partnership.
Transnational education one of the great growth industries of the futureUniversity of Limerick
Higher education has become a major global industry. While the number of students studying at universities outside their own country continues to grow, the most dramatic development has been the increase in the number of students studying for a foreign degree without leaving their home country. So-called ‘transnational’ higher education, which embraces universities offering their degrees by distance-learning, through franchise partners and validated centres, as well as by setting up ‘international branch campuses’, is increasingly seen as one of the great growth industries of the future. This presentation, based on qualitative interviews with senior university administrators and higher education experts from a number of countries, provides an assessment of the growth prospects for this rapidly evolving, and largely unregulated, international market sector.
The future of transnational education: overcoming the challenges, embracing t...University of Limerick
This presentation looks at the changing forms of transnational education, showing that ownership structures, workforces, customer bases and stakeholders are becoming increasingly multinational.
The Future of Tertiary Education in the Digital Era by Jamil SalmiEduSkills OECD
This presentation was given by Jamil Salmi at the international seminar “Opening higher education: what the future might bring” 8-9 december 2016, in Berlin, Germany, jointly organised by OECD Centre for Educational Research and Innovation (CERI) and Laureate International Universities (LIU).
Open & Distance Learning Reflections on Trends by Richard Garrett (OBHE)EduSkills OECD
This presentation was given by Richard Garrett of the Observatory on Borderless Higher Education (OBHE) at the international seminar “Opening higher education: what the future might bring” 8-9 december 2016, in Berlin, Germany, jointly organised by OECD Centre for Educational Research and Innovation (CERI) and Laureate International Universities (LIU).
International students and the internationalisation of UK universities University of Limerick
UK universities have a long history of educating students from around the world. But in an era of globalisation, it has become increasingly recognised that the role of universities is to prepare all its students to succeed in a world where goods, services, labour and capital move freely across borders. This presentation explores the ways that UK universities are increasingly placing internationalisation at the heart of their curriculum and the importance of having an internationally diverse student body to achieving this goal.
Recognising the importance of the extra-European international dimension, especially in higher education, Erasmus+ now also offers opportunities for individuals to study work or teach in other parts of the world. It also makes the same opportunities available for students from these areas to come to study in Charter-holding higher education institutions in Europe. The ICM workshop will give you an overview and possibilities available under Erasmus+.
A TNE provider view of value: the view from Nottingham Trent UniversityUniversity of Limerick
This presentation is a contribution to the HEGlobal conference on 11 January 2016, which explored the value of transnational education (TNE) to different stakeholders – TNE students, universities, national economies, etc. It explores the value of TNE to one UK university (Nottingham Trent University). It shows that the university has approximately 5,000 TNE across 10 countries, but with a range of TNE partners which include private, for-profit colleges and public research universities. It shows the way the university has reconceptualised the value of TNE in terms of contributing to its core mission of providing an education which transforms the life chances of its graduates and carrying out research with societal impact. It goes on t describe the process by which the university is renegotiating its TNE partnerships to maximise the benefits to its UK-based students and staff.
Report ICDE : Quality models in online and open education around the globe: S...eraser Juan José Calderón
The International Council for Open and Distance Education (ICDE) has published the report "Quality models in online and open education around the globe: State of the art and recommendations", a must read for any person concerned with quality in online, open and flexible higher education.
With the Global Education 2030 agenda in mind, the new ICDE report addresses new needs such as quality in MOOCs and Open Education Resources. It also shows that one size does not fit all; that improving quality of student experiences is more than ever extremely important, and it warns against implementation of quality models that restrict innovation and change.
ShortPres Mobile Marketing | Gunst Warmtetechniek - Den HaagShortPres
Gunst Warmtetechniek is gevestigd in Den Haag. Het bedrijf is toonaangevend op het gebied van warmte- en watertechniek. Meer info? Bezoek www.gunstwarmtetechniek.nl
Transnational education one of the great growth industries of the futureUniversity of Limerick
Higher education has become a major global industry. While the number of students studying at universities outside their own country continues to grow, the most dramatic development has been the increase in the number of students studying for a foreign degree without leaving their home country. So-called ‘transnational’ higher education, which embraces universities offering their degrees by distance-learning, through franchise partners and validated centres, as well as by setting up ‘international branch campuses’, is increasingly seen as one of the great growth industries of the future. This presentation, based on qualitative interviews with senior university administrators and higher education experts from a number of countries, provides an assessment of the growth prospects for this rapidly evolving, and largely unregulated, international market sector.
The future of transnational education: overcoming the challenges, embracing t...University of Limerick
This presentation looks at the changing forms of transnational education, showing that ownership structures, workforces, customer bases and stakeholders are becoming increasingly multinational.
The Future of Tertiary Education in the Digital Era by Jamil SalmiEduSkills OECD
This presentation was given by Jamil Salmi at the international seminar “Opening higher education: what the future might bring” 8-9 december 2016, in Berlin, Germany, jointly organised by OECD Centre for Educational Research and Innovation (CERI) and Laureate International Universities (LIU).
Open & Distance Learning Reflections on Trends by Richard Garrett (OBHE)EduSkills OECD
This presentation was given by Richard Garrett of the Observatory on Borderless Higher Education (OBHE) at the international seminar “Opening higher education: what the future might bring” 8-9 december 2016, in Berlin, Germany, jointly organised by OECD Centre for Educational Research and Innovation (CERI) and Laureate International Universities (LIU).
International students and the internationalisation of UK universities University of Limerick
UK universities have a long history of educating students from around the world. But in an era of globalisation, it has become increasingly recognised that the role of universities is to prepare all its students to succeed in a world where goods, services, labour and capital move freely across borders. This presentation explores the ways that UK universities are increasingly placing internationalisation at the heart of their curriculum and the importance of having an internationally diverse student body to achieving this goal.
Recognising the importance of the extra-European international dimension, especially in higher education, Erasmus+ now also offers opportunities for individuals to study work or teach in other parts of the world. It also makes the same opportunities available for students from these areas to come to study in Charter-holding higher education institutions in Europe. The ICM workshop will give you an overview and possibilities available under Erasmus+.
A TNE provider view of value: the view from Nottingham Trent UniversityUniversity of Limerick
This presentation is a contribution to the HEGlobal conference on 11 January 2016, which explored the value of transnational education (TNE) to different stakeholders – TNE students, universities, national economies, etc. It explores the value of TNE to one UK university (Nottingham Trent University). It shows that the university has approximately 5,000 TNE across 10 countries, but with a range of TNE partners which include private, for-profit colleges and public research universities. It shows the way the university has reconceptualised the value of TNE in terms of contributing to its core mission of providing an education which transforms the life chances of its graduates and carrying out research with societal impact. It goes on t describe the process by which the university is renegotiating its TNE partnerships to maximise the benefits to its UK-based students and staff.
Report ICDE : Quality models in online and open education around the globe: S...eraser Juan José Calderón
The International Council for Open and Distance Education (ICDE) has published the report "Quality models in online and open education around the globe: State of the art and recommendations", a must read for any person concerned with quality in online, open and flexible higher education.
With the Global Education 2030 agenda in mind, the new ICDE report addresses new needs such as quality in MOOCs and Open Education Resources. It also shows that one size does not fit all; that improving quality of student experiences is more than ever extremely important, and it warns against implementation of quality models that restrict innovation and change.
ShortPres Mobile Marketing | Gunst Warmtetechniek - Den HaagShortPres
Gunst Warmtetechniek is gevestigd in Den Haag. Het bedrijf is toonaangevend op het gebied van warmte- en watertechniek. Meer info? Bezoek www.gunstwarmtetechniek.nl
Is Transnational Education the Future of Internationalisation for Higher Educ...University of Limerick
The UK has been the main exporting country for transnational education (TNE) – that is, for providing higher education to foreign students who study wholly in their own country. In the latest data (2020/21), UK universities reported 488,095 TNE enrolments, up 13% on 2019/20. This compares with 605,130 for international students studying in the UK.
Post-Covid, there is growing interest in New Zealand entering the global TNE market. There are several reasons for this interest:
- Covid-19 and growing geo-political tensions have blunted the appetite for conventional export education (studying overseas) in key source markets, notably China
- While global enrolments in higher education have soared to reach 235.3m by 2020, only 6.1m (2.4%) are internationally mobile, a percentage which has not changed since 1980
- Export education is increasingly seen as exploitative and environmentally unsustainable. TNE, in contrast, reduces the carbon footprint of international education and typically involves building deep partnerships between exporting HEIs and the host countries.
This presentation considers what New Zealand universities can learn from past and present global TNE development, and reflects on where Aotearoa’s approach may differ from the UK’s. It examines the need for stringent Quality Assurance processes to ensure students entering TNE pathways are set up for success.
TNE partnerships: the challenges of managing partnerships across borders and...University of Limerick
This is the second of two lectures for the University of Bath MA in International Higher Education Management. It covers:
1. The dimensions of the management challenges
Culture
Language
Legislation
2. The limitations of home universities in managing TNE
3. The stakeholders in TNE revisited
4. What do stakeholders want from TNE?
Home university
Joint venture partner
Host government
Students
5. The importance of alignment
6. Case studies of successful and failed TNE partnerships
Brave new world the challenges of managing an international branch campusUniversity of Limerick
There has been a rapid growth in the number of foreign universities establishing ‘international branch campuses’ around the world, with much of the recent activity taking place in the Gulf. This presentation reports the findings of an interview-based study of the challenges of managing an international branch campus. It discusses the way that, during the start-up phase, managers have to juggle multiple roles until critical mass is achieved. In most cases, the organisational structure exposes them to the difficulties of running a joint-venture, balancing the demands of the home campus and the local partner. In every case, they have to negotiate the conflicting legislative environments of their home and host countries, often working across language and cultural divides. The presentation offers new insights into the brave new world of managing an international branch campus.
A collaborative and effective approach to quality assurance for TNE: a perspe...University of Limerick
This presentation was given as part of the 2016 UK-China Education Policy Week, organised by the British Council and the Chinese Ministry of Education in Beijing. It considers the new forms of transnational education (TNE) being developed in China under the legislation on Sino-foreign joint ventures: joint institutes and joint programmes. It argues that many of the students in these programmes are absent from the official UK statistics on TNE, which only capture students studying ‘wholly offshore’, and considers the implications of this new form of TNE for quality assurance, where the providers have to satisfy both UK and Chinese regulatory bodies.
The key components that shape a positive international student experienceUniversity of Limerick
This presentation outlines the main factors that have been found by previous research studies, including those by UKCISA and the British Council, which determine the quality of the international student experience. It then shows how universities can interrogate the extensive data sets that already exist, for example from the National Student Satisfaction (NSS) survey and internal institutional records of students’ progression and achievement, to assess their performance on a number of dimensions. Finally, it highlights the importance of continually communicating with international students to understand and respond to their changing needs, drawing on the experience of Nottingham Trent University.
http://www.universitiesuk.ac.uk/Events/Pages/Internationalstudentexperience.aspx
This presentation was given to at the Offre d’enseignement supérieur a l’étranger: incitations bénéfices et modelés économiques – analyse et retours d’expérience workshop on transnational education (TNE) organised by France Stratégie. It sets out the traditional business models for TNE, discussing the way that these are blurring and changing over time. It then considers the forces driving the changes in TNE and speculates on a future in which TNE business models will change so significantly that they will no longer be TNE as we currently understand the concept.
This is a presentation given to the Universities and Colleges Admissions Service (UCAS) discussing the implications of the growth of transnational education (TNE) for UCAS in terms of its core activities.
Establishing a greater UK TNE presence: understanding international branch ca...University of Limerick
The presentation outlines the diversity of forms that an international branch campus (IBC) can take, in terms of its management, ownership, staffing , curriculum and quality assurance. It sets out three extreme forms and identifies the factors that influence which form an IBC is likely to take.
The TNE landscape is a complex one, with multiple stakeholders, each having different perceptions, expectations and motivations. Differing starting points and expectations have spawned a vibrant and diverse range of engagement models. Some have been more successful than others, but all have contributed to the rich fabric of international higher education and in most cases benefitted their stakeholders either directly or indirectly. For institutions looking to enter into or reassess their existing TNE arrangements, understanding stakeholder attitudes and how their context is reshaping perspectives is critical to ensuring a program’s viability. It is now more important than ever to ensure that TNE programs are aligned, not just to the strategic goals of the foreign degree provider, but also the needs of the stakeholders in the hosting country. This presentation explores stakeholder attitudes to TNE utilising the most recent research and market based insights.
This lecture is part of the HUMANE Winter School hosted by the Barcelona School of Management in March 2024.
HUMANE (https://www.humane.eu) is Europe’s international network of higher education professionals. It aims to build global networks of professionals, foster innovation in higher education services and drive professional excellence in higher education management.
This lecture addresses the following questions:
1. What are the drivers of the internationalisation of higher education?
2. What are the benefits of internationalisation?
3. How has internationalisation led to the commercialisation of higher education in Anglophone countries?
4. How are the factors shaping the internationalisation of higher education changing?
It uses the University of Limerick's new "Action through Partnership: Global Engagement Strategy 2023-28" to illustrate the challenges and trade-offs when trying to balance internationalisation with a commitment to sustainable development and global social justice.
Beyond “export education”: putting students at the heart of a university’s in...University of Limerick
For many universities around the world, internationalization means the recruitment of fee-paying international students (so-called “export education”) for primarily commercial reasons. For many UK and Australian universities, the market leaders in export education, international students account for over 25% of their annual revenues, making them highly dependent on international student recruitment. This presentation sets out an attempt by one UK university, Nottingham Trent University, to change direction and develop a new approach to internationalization which puts an international learning experience for all students at the heart of its new strategic plan. It discusses the obstacles to changing direction in this way and shares some of the lessons learned about how and how not to roll out a radically new university-wide internationalization strategy.
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This is the first of two lectures for the University of Bath MA in International Higher Education Management. It covers:
1. What is TNE?
2. TNE in the landscape of internationalisation of higher education
3. Why the interest in TNE?
4. What are the main forms of TNE?
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5. How important is TNE?
6. Characteristics of TNE partnerships
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8. How profitable is TNE?
9. Sustainability of TNE partnerships over time
10. Case studies of TNE partnerships
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Managing an international branch campus dispatches from the front line
1. Managing an international branch
campus: dispatches from the front line
Professor Nigel Healey
Pro-Vice-Chancellor
(International)
Nottingham Trent University
1 April 2015
2. Structure
• What is transnational education (and why should we care)?
• How big is transnational education?
• What is an international branch campus (IBC)?
• How many IBCs? How many students?
• Research study into managing IBCs: approach
• The results:
– The three dimensions of an IBC
– The stakeholders of an IBC
• Lessons for UK universities
2
3. What is transnational education?
• TNE is ‘any teaching or learning activity in which the students are in
a different country to that in which the institutional providing the
education is based’ (Global Alliance for Transnational Education
1997, p.1).
3
The principle of transnationality
4. …and why should we care?
4
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Global tertiary enrolments (m) 51.2 60.3 68.7 81.7 99.9 139.0 178.0
Internationally-mobile (m) 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.7 2.1 3.0 4.1
Internationally mobile as %
total
2.1% 1.8% 1.9% 2.1% 2.1% 2.2% 2.3%
Global and internationally-mobile tertiary enrolments
Source: UNESCO 1998, n.d., OECD 2013
10. What is an international branch campus?
• Observatory on Borderless Higher Education (OBHE) 2012
definition: an IBC is:
• ‘a higher education institution that is located in another
country from the institution which either originated it or
operates it, with some physical presence in the host country;
• and which awards at least one degree in the host country
that is accredited in the country of the originating institution’
10
11. How many IBCs? How many students?
11
Higher education institution HE aggregate offshore students at
overseas campus of reporting HEI
University of Nottingham 9,220
Heriot-Watt University 3,735
Middlesex University 3,050
University College Birmingham 320
University of Kent 280
London Business School 275
University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne 250
University College London 220
University of Exeter 70
University of Wales Trinity Saint David 45
University of Wolverhampton 30
University of Southampton 20
University of Chichester 10
Total 17,525
Enrolments at UK international branch campuses by institution, 2012/13
Source: HEIDI
12. How many IBCs again?
12
HESA C-BERT OBHE
Aberystwyth University √
City University √ √
De Montfort University √
Glasgow Caledonian University √ √
Heriot-Watt University √ √ √
Leeds Metropolitan University √
London Business School √ √ √
Middlesex University √ √ √
Queen Margaret University √
University London College √ √
University of Bolton √ √
University of Bradford √
University of Central Lancashire √
University of Chichester √
University College Birmingham √
University College London √ √ √
University of Exeter √ √
University of Kent √
University of Lancaster √
University of Liverpool √
University of London √
University of Manchester √ √
University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne √ √ √
University of Nottingham √ √ √
University of Southampton √
University of Strathclyde √
University of Surrey √ √
University of Wales Trinity Saint David √
University of Westminster √
University of Wolverhampton √ √
Total No. of UK universities with IBCs 13 20 17
13. The challenge of managing an overseas
subsidiary: to localise or not to localise?
13
14. Research study
• Research questions:
1. What are the key dimensions of the IBC that managers feel
under pressure to localise?
2. What are the main factors that influence their chosen
degree of localisation for each dimension?
3. How do these factors, and so the optimal degree of
localisation, change over time?
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15. Sample set
• Nine IBCs in United Arab Emirates, Malaysia, China
• 14 senior managers
• 5 experts (for background information)
• Interviews carried out in country, April-September 2014
• 90-120 minutes in length, transcribed and coded
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16. The host markets: UAE
16
Nationality Male Female Total
Emirati 5.8% 5.7% 11.5%
Expatriate 68.8% 19.8% 88.5%
Total 74.6% 25.4% 100.0%
United Arab Emirate population by nationality and gender, mid-2010
17. The host markets: Malaysia
17
Malay 50.1%
Chinese 22.6%
Indigenous 11.8%
Indian 6.7%,
Other 0.7%
Expatriates 8.2%
Ethnic composition of Malaysian population, 2010
18. The markets: China (1)
18
Per capita GDP (constant
prices)
Gross tertiary enrolment
rate (% 18-22 yo)
20. The results: preliminary observations
• IBCs are amazingly diverse in scale, organisational form
• IBCs are not ‘branch campuses’ as commonly understood –
they are private companies/universities in which the UK
university often has a minority stake
• Some IBCs (not the ones in the study) are just offices
• IBCs are subject to QAA and regulation by host government
• UK universities often lack administrative expertise to manage
an IBC
20
21. The results: what dimensions to localise (1)?
• Academic staff
– Local staff
– International staff
– Seconded staff
• The trade-off of localising
staff:
– Academic culture
– vs
– Cost of provision
21
22. The results: what dimensions to localise (2)?
• Curriculum
– Content
– Pedagogy
– Assessment
– Internal quality assurance
• The trade-off of localising
curriculum:
– Global equivalence
– vs
– Local relevance
22
23. The results: what dimensions to localise (3)?
• Research
– Topics studied
• The trade-off of localising
research:
– International excellence
– vs
– Local impact
23
26. The results: what stakeholders influence the
degree of localisation?
• Internal stakeholders:
– Home university – senior
management and staff
– Joint venture partner
• External stakeholders:
– Host country – government,
regulator, employers
– Competitors
– Students
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28. Lessons for UK universities from the study
• Prepare and train managers of IBCs
• Rotate academic and professional seconded staff
• Upskill professional services staff at home
• Design systems that can be globalised
• Be prepared for ontological shock!
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29. Conclusions
• Transnational education is a growth area
• IBCs are the highest profile form of transnational education
• IBCs vary hugely, but all expose UK university to potential
financial and reputational risk
• Research suggests that to succeed, IBCs must localise their
staff base, curriculum and research
• The degree of localisation depends on the objectives and
relative power of the main stakeholders
29
30. Nothing new under the sun: what do these
universities have in common?
30
University of Peradeniya University of the West Indies
University of Zimbabwe
University of Nottingham
31. For more information:
• E-mail: nigel.healey@ntu.ac.uk
• Website: http://nottinghamtrent.academia.edu/NigelHealey
• Website includes conferences presentations, papers and
resources on TNE developed for the Higher Education
Academy
31