Involved in the development, maturation, transport and deposition of the male gametes (spermatozoa). It consists of the paired testes, the convoluted duct of the epididymis (ductus epididymidis), the deferent duct (ductus deferens), the urethra (pars pelvina urethra) and the accessory glands

1. Male genital organs
G M Lochi

2. Male Reproductive
system
• Involved in the development,
maturation, transport and
deposition of the male gametes
(spermatozoa).
• It consists of the paired testes,
• the convoluted duct of the
epididymis (ductus epididymidis),
• the deferent duct (ductus deferens),
the urethra (pars pelvina urethra)
and the accessory glands

3. The Testes
• The testes produce both sperm
and hormones.
• The epididymis, stores
spermatozoa during maturation
before they pass to the deferent
duct and the urethra.
• The accessory glands also drain
into the urethra and contribute to
the volume of semen.
• The distal part of the urethra
forms the combined path for the
passage of both urine and semen.

4. Testis (orchis}
• The testis, or male gonads
(Greek orchis, Latin testis), are
paired organs, which take their
embryological origin from the
gonadal primordium on the
medial of aspect of the
mesonephros in the lumbar
region, in a similar manner to the
ovaries in females.

5. Structure of the testis
• The surface of the testis is invested by a dense
fibrous capsule 1-2mm thick (albugineous tunic,
tunica albuginea)
• Composed of collagenous fibres and contains larger
blood vessels
• These are visible on the surface of the testes in a
pattern, characteristic of each species.
• The visceral vaginal tunic is a serous membrane
continuous with the peritoneum that covers the
fibrous capsule and gives a smooth appearance to
the surface of the testis.

7. Hormones of
testes
•Testosterone is a sex
hormone that plays
important roles in the body.
In men, it's thought
to regulate sex drive
(libido), bone mass, fat
distribution, muscle mass
and strength, and the
production of red blood
cells and sperm.

8. Testes
• Fibrous capsule (albugineous tunic, tunica albuginea),
• • Septa (septula testis),
• • Mediastinum (mediastinum testis).
• Contorted serniniferous tubules
• • Straight serniniferous tubules (tubuli serniniferi recti),
• • Spaces within the mediastinum (testicular network, rete
testis) and
• • Efferent ducts (ductuli efferentes).

9. • Each testicular lobule includes between two and
five contorted
• tubules, which are the site of spermatogenesis. The
• wall of these tubules contains spermatogenic cells
and sustentacular
• (Sertoli-)cells, which have supporting and
hormone-
• producing properties. They are responsible for the
regulation
• of spermatogenesis, supplying the nutrients to
spermatogenic
• cells during the different stages of development
• and the release of spermatozoa into the lumen of
the tubule

10. • Each contorted seminiferous tubule is looped, so
that it
• opens with both ends into a network of confluent
spaces within
• the mediastinum, called the rete testis
• bules straighten out to become the straight
seminiferous tubules (tubuli seminiferi recti). The
interstitial tissue filling the space between the
tubules contains Leydig-cells, which are the
• principal producers of the androgenic steroidal
hormones, such as testosterone. Each rete testes is
drained by eight to twelve
• convoluted efferent ducts that perforate the fibrous
capsule to enter into the head of the epididyrnis

11. Epididymis
• The epididyrnis is firmly attached along the testis
and consists
• of the coils of the elongated convoluted tubules,
which are
• held together by connective tissue. It can be divided
into
• three parts
• Head (caput epididyrnidis),
• • Body (corpus epididyrnidis),
• • Tail (cauda epididyrnidis).

13. • scrotum, which
• are especially well developed in the stallion and the
boar.
• The
• duct of the epididyrnis emerges at its tail and continues
as the
• ductus deferens.
• In the duct of the epididymis, spermatozoa mature,
testicular
• fluid is absorbed, cell fragments undergo phagocytosis
• and nutrients for the spermatozoa are secreted.
Spermatozoa
• are stored in the tail of the epididyrnis until
ejaculation.
• Length of the epididymal duct in the domestic species:

14. Deferent duct
• The deferent duct is the direct
continuation of the duct of the
epididymis.
• It originates as the undulating part of
the tail of the epididymis and gradually
straightens as it passes along the
medial border of the testis.
• It ascends within the spermatic cord
and enters the abdominal cavity
through the inguinal canal.

16. Blood supply, lymphatic drainage and
innervation of the testis
• The testicular artery (a. testicularis) branches
directly from
• the. abdominal aorta and passes along the
abdominal wall,
• suspended within the vascular plica together with
the testicular
• vein.
• The testicular veins form a very elaborate mesh-like
• plexus

17. Urethra
• The male urethra extends from the internal urethral
opening
• ( ostium urethrae intemum) at the caudal end of the
neck of the
• bladder to the external urethral opening (ostium
urethrae extemum)
• at the free extremity of the penis. Based on its
location
• it can be divided into a pelvic portion (pars pelvina)
• and a penile portion (pars penina).

18. Accessory
genital
glands
Ampullary gland (gl. ampullae),
Vesicular gland (gl. vesicularis),
Prostate gland (prostata) and
Bulbourethral gland (gl.
bulbourethralis).

20. Vesicular glands (seminal vesicles) –
• These glands are typically paired and are composed of simple
columnar glandular epithelium which is arranged in lobules. The
excretory ducts are lined by stratified columnar epithelium.
Vesicular glands are absent in carnivores but present in horses,
swine and ruminants.

21. Prostate gland
• The prostate glands consists of the main body and a
disseminate portion. The body is surrounded by a thick
collagenous capsule while the disseminate portion is embedded
in loose collagenous matrix extending along the dorsal aspect of
the urethra and eventually extends laterally and ventrally to join
the body. The gland is histologically composed of tubuloalveolar
structures composed of low columnar to cuboidal cells, have
apocrine gland type secretory activity and have acidophilic
granules and lipid droplets in the epithelial cytoplasm. The body
is well developed in carnivores and horses while the
disseminate portion is better developed in cattle and swine.
Rams do not have a well developed prostate.

22. Bulbourethral gland
• These are paired structures located dorsolaterally to the pelvic
urethra and are composed of paired tubuloalveolar glands with
columnar epithelium. The ducts of this gland are lined by
columnar, pseudostratified or transitional epithelium. All
domestic animals except for dogs have bulbourethral glands.
The mucus production from this gland has lubricating function
and clears the urethra of urine.