1. Spermatogenesis (Spermatocytogenesis, Spermiogenesis, Spermiation, Shape and function of cells inside the Testis, Semen and sperm structure, Sperm journey after synthesis to outside)
male reproductive system, spermatogensis, sperm.pptxAnju Kumawat
The document describes the male reproductive system. It discusses the testes, which produce sperm and hormones. Sperm are formed through spermatogenesis in the seminiferous tubules of the testes. From there, sperm pass through the rete testis into the epididymis for storage and maturation. The epididymis leads to the vas deferens, which joins the seminal vesicles and prostate to form the ejaculatory ducts. During ejaculation, secretions from the accessory glands mix with sperm to form semen, which is then expelled through the urethra.
The male reproductive system has two main functions: production of male gametes (spermatozoa) and synthesis/secretion of androgenic hormones. It includes gonads that produce gametes and hormones, ducts that transport gametes, and accessory glands that secrete fluids. The main components are a pair of testes, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate, and urethra. The testes produce sperm and testosterone, which support male sexual differentiation and function. Sperm mature as they move from the testes to the epididymis to the vas deferens. Accessory glands including the seminal vesicles and prostate add fluids to form semen, which
Lecture 1 Anatomy & physiology of male reproductive tract of domestic animals...faroozlone1
The male reproductive tract consists of the testes and scrotum, epididymis and ductus deferens, and accessory glands. The testes and scrotum are located outside the abdomen in a pouch called the scrotum. The scrotum regulates the temperature of the testes which must be lower than core body temperature for spermatogenesis. Within each testis are seminiferous tubules containing Sertoli cells and germ cells that develop into sperm. Sertoli cells provide structural and nutritional support during spermatogenesis and establish the blood-testis barrier.
This document provides an overview of the histology and histophysiology of the male reproductive system. It describes the key structures and functions of the testes, seminiferous tubules, spermatogenic cells, Leydig cells, and spermatozoa. The testes contain seminiferous tubules that produce spermatozoa through spermatogenesis. Sertoli cells nurture developing spermatogenic cells and form the blood-testis barrier. Leydig cells respond to LH to synthesize testosterone, which supports spermatogenesis. Upon maturation, spermatids are transformed into motile spermatozoa through spermiogenesis.
Male reproductive system and its regulationMinko Syd
This document discusses male reproductive function and regulation. It describes the structure and functions of the male reproductive system, including spermatogenesis within the testes. Key factors for spermatogenesis are an intact germinal epithelium, supportive cells, hormones regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis, optimal temperature, nutrients, and an intact blood-testis barrier. Erection and ejaculation are also summarized, involving spinal and autonomic reflexes. Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone are the main hormones regulating male characteristics and reproduction.
Reproductive system
Anatomy of male and female reproductive system, Functions of male and female
reproductive system, sex hormones, physiology of menstruation, fertilization,
spermatogenesis, oogenesis, pregnancy and parturition
The male reproductive system consists of both primary and secondary sex organs. The primary sex organ is the testis, which produces sperm and testosterone. The reproductive tract includes the epididymis, vas deferens, and urethra. Accessory sex glands that produce fluid for semen include the seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral glands. The external genitalia are the penis and scrotum. The testes are located in the scrotum and have a blood supply from the testicular artery and lymphatic drainage to the lumbar nodes. Accessory glands secrete fluids that nourish and activate sperm. The prostate gland surrounds the urethra and can
1. Spermatogenesis (Spermatocytogenesis, Spermiogenesis, Spermiation, Shape and function of cells inside the Testis, Semen and sperm structure, Sperm journey after synthesis to outside)
male reproductive system, spermatogensis, sperm.pptxAnju Kumawat
The document describes the male reproductive system. It discusses the testes, which produce sperm and hormones. Sperm are formed through spermatogenesis in the seminiferous tubules of the testes. From there, sperm pass through the rete testis into the epididymis for storage and maturation. The epididymis leads to the vas deferens, which joins the seminal vesicles and prostate to form the ejaculatory ducts. During ejaculation, secretions from the accessory glands mix with sperm to form semen, which is then expelled through the urethra.
The male reproductive system has two main functions: production of male gametes (spermatozoa) and synthesis/secretion of androgenic hormones. It includes gonads that produce gametes and hormones, ducts that transport gametes, and accessory glands that secrete fluids. The main components are a pair of testes, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate, and urethra. The testes produce sperm and testosterone, which support male sexual differentiation and function. Sperm mature as they move from the testes to the epididymis to the vas deferens. Accessory glands including the seminal vesicles and prostate add fluids to form semen, which
Lecture 1 Anatomy & physiology of male reproductive tract of domestic animals...faroozlone1
The male reproductive tract consists of the testes and scrotum, epididymis and ductus deferens, and accessory glands. The testes and scrotum are located outside the abdomen in a pouch called the scrotum. The scrotum regulates the temperature of the testes which must be lower than core body temperature for spermatogenesis. Within each testis are seminiferous tubules containing Sertoli cells and germ cells that develop into sperm. Sertoli cells provide structural and nutritional support during spermatogenesis and establish the blood-testis barrier.
This document provides an overview of the histology and histophysiology of the male reproductive system. It describes the key structures and functions of the testes, seminiferous tubules, spermatogenic cells, Leydig cells, and spermatozoa. The testes contain seminiferous tubules that produce spermatozoa through spermatogenesis. Sertoli cells nurture developing spermatogenic cells and form the blood-testis barrier. Leydig cells respond to LH to synthesize testosterone, which supports spermatogenesis. Upon maturation, spermatids are transformed into motile spermatozoa through spermiogenesis.
Male reproductive system and its regulationMinko Syd
This document discusses male reproductive function and regulation. It describes the structure and functions of the male reproductive system, including spermatogenesis within the testes. Key factors for spermatogenesis are an intact germinal epithelium, supportive cells, hormones regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis, optimal temperature, nutrients, and an intact blood-testis barrier. Erection and ejaculation are also summarized, involving spinal and autonomic reflexes. Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone are the main hormones regulating male characteristics and reproduction.
Reproductive system
Anatomy of male and female reproductive system, Functions of male and female
reproductive system, sex hormones, physiology of menstruation, fertilization,
spermatogenesis, oogenesis, pregnancy and parturition
The male reproductive system consists of both primary and secondary sex organs. The primary sex organ is the testis, which produces sperm and testosterone. The reproductive tract includes the epididymis, vas deferens, and urethra. Accessory sex glands that produce fluid for semen include the seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral glands. The external genitalia are the penis and scrotum. The testes are located in the scrotum and have a blood supply from the testicular artery and lymphatic drainage to the lumbar nodes. Accessory glands secrete fluids that nourish and activate sperm. The prostate gland surrounds the urethra and can
The document summarizes the key components of the male reproductive system. It describes the testes, which produce sperm and hormones; accessory sex glands like the seminal vesicles and prostate, which secrete fluids that comprise semen; and ducts like the vas deferens and urethra that transport sperm. It also explains sperm development through spermatogenesis in the testes and hormonal regulation of the reproductive system by the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and testes. Accessory organs like the penis and scrotum are also summarized.
The document summarizes the male reproductive system. It identifies the main organs - the external genital organs of penis and scrotum, and internal genital organs of testes, epididymis, vas deferens, and accessory glands. It describes the functions of each organ and traces the pathway of sperm cells from production in the testes through storage in the epididymis and transport via the vas deferens during ejaculation through the urethra. The document also explains spermatogenesis, the process of sperm cell formation, and ejaculation, which involves muscular contractions that expel semen from the penis.
The document summarizes the male reproductive system. It identifies the main organs - the external genital organs of penis and scrotum, and internal genital organs of testes, epididymis, vas deferens, and accessory glands. It describes the functions of each organ and traces the pathway of sperm cells from production in the testes through storage in the epididymis and transport via the vas deferens during ejaculation through the urethra. The document also explains spermatogenesis, the process of sperm cell formation, and ejaculation, which involves muscular contractions that expel semen from the penis.
Involved in the development, maturation, transport and deposition of the male gametes (spermatozoa).
It consists of the paired testes,
the convoluted duct of the epididymis (ductus epididymidis),
the deferent duct (ductus deferens), the urethra (pars pelvina urethra) and the accessory glands
This document describes the male reproductive anatomy of bulls. It discusses the structures and functions of the testes and epididymides, including sperm production and maturation. It also outlines the anatomy of the penis and associated structures like the seminal vesicles, prostate and vas deferens. Key parts of the male reproductive tract discussed are the seminiferous tubules in the testes where sperm are produced, the epididymis where sperm mature and are stored, and the penis and its role in copulation.
This document provides an overview of the male and female reproductive systems. It describes the structures and functions of the organs in the male reproductive system including the testes, penis, scrotum, duct system and accessory sex glands. It also explains spermatogenesis, the process of sperm production in the testes. For the female system, it defines some key terms and outlines the organs and their functions, as well as the female reproductive cycle.
This document provides an overview of the male reproductive system. It discusses the structures and functions of the testis in producing sperm through spermatogenesis and testosterone production. The process of spermatogenesis involves spermatocytogenesis, meiosis, and spermiogenesis within the seminiferous tubules. Sertoli and Leydig cells play important roles in supporting sperm production. The duct system transports mature sperm and secretions from accessory glands. Hormonal regulation by FSH and LH controls spermatogenesis. Characteristics of fertile ejaculates are also discussed.
This document provides an overview of the male reproductive system. It discusses the structures that produce, transport, and mature sperm, including the testis, excretory ducts, and accessory glands. Sperm production (spermatogenesis) is described, involving spermatocytogenesis, meiosis, and spermiogenesis within the seminiferous tubules of the testis under hormonal control of FSH and LH. The excretory ducts including the rete testis, efferent ducts, epididymis, and ductus deferens transport and further mature sperm for ejaculation. Accessory glands including the seminal vesicles and prostate secrete fluids that nourish and protect
The male reproductive system consists of both internal and external organs that work together to produce, store, and deliver sperm for reproduction. The internal organs include the testes, which produce sperm and testosterone, and the epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral glands, which help store and nourish sperm. The external organs are the penis and scrotum. Sperm are produced in the testes through the process of spermatogenesis, where germ cells undergo mitosis and meiosis over 74 days to develop into mature sperm.
The document discusses the male reproductive system, including its organs and functions. It identifies the testes, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral glands as the internal organs that produce, store, and transport sperm. It describes sperm production through spermatogenesis in the seminiferous tubules and storage in the epididymis, and it traces the pathway of sperm from the testes through the vas deferens and urethra during ejaculation.
The document discusses reproductive physiology in males and females. It describes the male reproductive system including testes, ducts, glands and penis. Spermatogenesis occurs in the testes, stimulated by hormones. Sperm mature in the epididymis and are stored in the vas deferens. During ejaculation, sperm and secretions from accessory glands are expelled. The female reproductive system includes ovaries and reproductive tract. Oogenesis occurs in ovaries and ovulation releases eggs. The ovaries also secrete hormones like estrogen and progesterone.
Human reproduction is any form of sexual reproduction resulting in human fertilization. It typically involves sexual intercourse between a man and a woman. During sexual intercourse, the interaction between the male and female reproductive systems results in fertilization of the woman's ovum by the man's sperm.
LECTURE 1 Human Reproductive System.pptxJuniorJay5
The document provides an outline for a course on HIV/AIDS. It covers 4 modules: 1) the biomedical aspects of HIV/AIDS including sexual health, STIs, and HIV/AIDS; 2) policy, ethics, and legal aspects surrounding HIV including relevant laws and counseling; 3) social, cultural, spiritual, and developmental aspects of HIV/AIDS including gender roles and spirituality; and 4) planning and programming for behavior change communication and assessment. The course will include tests, assignments, and a project, with grades weighted towards the project. The first module will cover human reproductive anatomy and physiology, the menstrual cycle, conception, and development.
3. human reproduction male reproductive systemInderjit Singh
The male reproductive system consists of primary sex organs (testes), secondary sex organs (duct system and accessory glands), and external genitalia. The testes produce sperm and sex hormones. Sperm develop and mature as they pass through the duct system, which includes the epididymis, vas deferens, and urethra, and are stored in the seminal vesicles. During ejaculation, sperm are mixed with fluids from the seminal vesicles and other glands to form semen, which is ejected through the urethra and penis. The penis facilitates sperm delivery during sexual intercourse.
1) The reproductive system allows for reproduction and sexual pleasure. It consists of gonads that produce gametes and hormones, as well as ducts and accessory glands.
2) In males, spermatogenesis occurs in the testes and produces sperm, which are stored and matured in the epididymis. During ejaculation, sperm are propelled through the vas deferens, prostate, and urethra by secretions from accessory glands.
3) The male sexual act involves erection, orgasm, and ejaculation. Erection is caused by blood flow into the penis, while orgasm involves spinal reflexes that result in the emission and ejection of semen
The document summarizes the key components of the male reproductive system. It describes the external genital organs including the penis and scrotum. It then discusses the internal genital organs such as the testes, epididymis, vas deferens, and accessory glands. For each organ, it outlines their structure, blood supply, nerve supply, and clinical significance. The summary provides an overview of the major parts and functions of the male reproductive system.
The reproductive system is a collection of internal and external organs —in both males and females —that work together for the purpose of procreating.
Due to its vital role in the survival of the species, many scientists feel that the reproductive system is among the most important systems in the entire body.
The human body’s major systems, the reproductive system is the one that differs most between sexes, and the only system that does not function until puberty.
The document discusses male and female reproductive systems. It describes how sperm is produced through spermatogenesis in the testes in a 2.5 month process, and stored in the epididymis. Upon sexual stimulation, sperm mixes with fluids from the seminal vesicles and prostate to form semen, which is then ejaculated. It also briefly outlines the female menstrual cycle and key parts of the male anatomy like the testes and penis.
Learn SQL from basic queries to Advance queriesmanishkhaire30
Dive into the world of data analysis with our comprehensive guide on mastering SQL! This presentation offers a practical approach to learning SQL, focusing on real-world applications and hands-on practice. Whether you're a beginner or looking to sharpen your skills, this guide provides the tools you need to extract, analyze, and interpret data effectively.
Key Highlights:
Foundations of SQL: Understand the basics of SQL, including data retrieval, filtering, and aggregation.
Advanced Queries: Learn to craft complex queries to uncover deep insights from your data.
Data Trends and Patterns: Discover how to identify and interpret trends and patterns in your datasets.
Practical Examples: Follow step-by-step examples to apply SQL techniques in real-world scenarios.
Actionable Insights: Gain the skills to derive actionable insights that drive informed decision-making.
Join us on this journey to enhance your data analysis capabilities and unlock the full potential of SQL. Perfect for data enthusiasts, analysts, and anyone eager to harness the power of data!
#DataAnalysis #SQL #LearningSQL #DataInsights #DataScience #Analytics
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The document summarizes the key components of the male reproductive system. It describes the testes, which produce sperm and hormones; accessory sex glands like the seminal vesicles and prostate, which secrete fluids that comprise semen; and ducts like the vas deferens and urethra that transport sperm. It also explains sperm development through spermatogenesis in the testes and hormonal regulation of the reproductive system by the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and testes. Accessory organs like the penis and scrotum are also summarized.
The document summarizes the male reproductive system. It identifies the main organs - the external genital organs of penis and scrotum, and internal genital organs of testes, epididymis, vas deferens, and accessory glands. It describes the functions of each organ and traces the pathway of sperm cells from production in the testes through storage in the epididymis and transport via the vas deferens during ejaculation through the urethra. The document also explains spermatogenesis, the process of sperm cell formation, and ejaculation, which involves muscular contractions that expel semen from the penis.
The document summarizes the male reproductive system. It identifies the main organs - the external genital organs of penis and scrotum, and internal genital organs of testes, epididymis, vas deferens, and accessory glands. It describes the functions of each organ and traces the pathway of sperm cells from production in the testes through storage in the epididymis and transport via the vas deferens during ejaculation through the urethra. The document also explains spermatogenesis, the process of sperm cell formation, and ejaculation, which involves muscular contractions that expel semen from the penis.
Involved in the development, maturation, transport and deposition of the male gametes (spermatozoa).
It consists of the paired testes,
the convoluted duct of the epididymis (ductus epididymidis),
the deferent duct (ductus deferens), the urethra (pars pelvina urethra) and the accessory glands
This document describes the male reproductive anatomy of bulls. It discusses the structures and functions of the testes and epididymides, including sperm production and maturation. It also outlines the anatomy of the penis and associated structures like the seminal vesicles, prostate and vas deferens. Key parts of the male reproductive tract discussed are the seminiferous tubules in the testes where sperm are produced, the epididymis where sperm mature and are stored, and the penis and its role in copulation.
This document provides an overview of the male and female reproductive systems. It describes the structures and functions of the organs in the male reproductive system including the testes, penis, scrotum, duct system and accessory sex glands. It also explains spermatogenesis, the process of sperm production in the testes. For the female system, it defines some key terms and outlines the organs and their functions, as well as the female reproductive cycle.
This document provides an overview of the male reproductive system. It discusses the structures and functions of the testis in producing sperm through spermatogenesis and testosterone production. The process of spermatogenesis involves spermatocytogenesis, meiosis, and spermiogenesis within the seminiferous tubules. Sertoli and Leydig cells play important roles in supporting sperm production. The duct system transports mature sperm and secretions from accessory glands. Hormonal regulation by FSH and LH controls spermatogenesis. Characteristics of fertile ejaculates are also discussed.
This document provides an overview of the male reproductive system. It discusses the structures that produce, transport, and mature sperm, including the testis, excretory ducts, and accessory glands. Sperm production (spermatogenesis) is described, involving spermatocytogenesis, meiosis, and spermiogenesis within the seminiferous tubules of the testis under hormonal control of FSH and LH. The excretory ducts including the rete testis, efferent ducts, epididymis, and ductus deferens transport and further mature sperm for ejaculation. Accessory glands including the seminal vesicles and prostate secrete fluids that nourish and protect
The male reproductive system consists of both internal and external organs that work together to produce, store, and deliver sperm for reproduction. The internal organs include the testes, which produce sperm and testosterone, and the epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral glands, which help store and nourish sperm. The external organs are the penis and scrotum. Sperm are produced in the testes through the process of spermatogenesis, where germ cells undergo mitosis and meiosis over 74 days to develop into mature sperm.
The document discusses the male reproductive system, including its organs and functions. It identifies the testes, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral glands as the internal organs that produce, store, and transport sperm. It describes sperm production through spermatogenesis in the seminiferous tubules and storage in the epididymis, and it traces the pathway of sperm from the testes through the vas deferens and urethra during ejaculation.
The document discusses reproductive physiology in males and females. It describes the male reproductive system including testes, ducts, glands and penis. Spermatogenesis occurs in the testes, stimulated by hormones. Sperm mature in the epididymis and are stored in the vas deferens. During ejaculation, sperm and secretions from accessory glands are expelled. The female reproductive system includes ovaries and reproductive tract. Oogenesis occurs in ovaries and ovulation releases eggs. The ovaries also secrete hormones like estrogen and progesterone.
Human reproduction is any form of sexual reproduction resulting in human fertilization. It typically involves sexual intercourse between a man and a woman. During sexual intercourse, the interaction between the male and female reproductive systems results in fertilization of the woman's ovum by the man's sperm.
LECTURE 1 Human Reproductive System.pptxJuniorJay5
The document provides an outline for a course on HIV/AIDS. It covers 4 modules: 1) the biomedical aspects of HIV/AIDS including sexual health, STIs, and HIV/AIDS; 2) policy, ethics, and legal aspects surrounding HIV including relevant laws and counseling; 3) social, cultural, spiritual, and developmental aspects of HIV/AIDS including gender roles and spirituality; and 4) planning and programming for behavior change communication and assessment. The course will include tests, assignments, and a project, with grades weighted towards the project. The first module will cover human reproductive anatomy and physiology, the menstrual cycle, conception, and development.
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1) The reproductive system allows for reproduction and sexual pleasure. It consists of gonads that produce gametes and hormones, as well as ducts and accessory glands.
2) In males, spermatogenesis occurs in the testes and produces sperm, which are stored and matured in the epididymis. During ejaculation, sperm are propelled through the vas deferens, prostate, and urethra by secretions from accessory glands.
3) The male sexual act involves erection, orgasm, and ejaculation. Erection is caused by blood flow into the penis, while orgasm involves spinal reflexes that result in the emission and ejection of semen
The document summarizes the key components of the male reproductive system. It describes the external genital organs including the penis and scrotum. It then discusses the internal genital organs such as the testes, epididymis, vas deferens, and accessory glands. For each organ, it outlines their structure, blood supply, nerve supply, and clinical significance. The summary provides an overview of the major parts and functions of the male reproductive system.
The reproductive system is a collection of internal and external organs —in both males and females —that work together for the purpose of procreating.
Due to its vital role in the survival of the species, many scientists feel that the reproductive system is among the most important systems in the entire body.
The human body’s major systems, the reproductive system is the one that differs most between sexes, and the only system that does not function until puberty.
The document discusses male and female reproductive systems. It describes how sperm is produced through spermatogenesis in the testes in a 2.5 month process, and stored in the epididymis. Upon sexual stimulation, sperm mixes with fluids from the seminal vesicles and prostate to form semen, which is then ejaculated. It also briefly outlines the female menstrual cycle and key parts of the male anatomy like the testes and penis.
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Dive into the world of data analysis with our comprehensive guide on mastering SQL! This presentation offers a practical approach to learning SQL, focusing on real-world applications and hands-on practice. Whether you're a beginner or looking to sharpen your skills, this guide provides the tools you need to extract, analyze, and interpret data effectively.
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Data Trends and Patterns: Discover how to identify and interpret trends and patterns in your datasets.
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Join us on this journey to enhance your data analysis capabilities and unlock the full potential of SQL. Perfect for data enthusiasts, analysts, and anyone eager to harness the power of data!
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2. Male Anatomy
Male Anatomy
•
• Primary Organ
Primary Organ
–
– testes, genetically determined in mammals
testes, genetically determined in mammals
- testis releases hormones that then control the
- testis releases hormones that then control the
development of secondary sex characteristics
development of secondary sex characteristics
1) Secondary Organs
1) Secondary Organs
–
– internal duct system
internal duct system
•
• e.g., vas deferens,
e.g., vas deferens, epididymus
epididymus
–
– external genitalia
external genitalia
2) Secondary Sexual Characters
2) Secondary Sexual Characters
–
– e.g., antlers, coloration, facial hair
e.g., antlers, coloration, facial hair
3. Eutherian Mammal Testes
• Paired and oval shaped
• Shiny connective
covering called the
Tunica Albuginea
• Divided into testicular
lobules
– Approximately 250 in
human testis
4. Seminiferous tubules (ST)
• Each testicular lobule
contains several coiled
seminiferous tubules (ST)
– ST site of sperm production
• Each ST ~ 1.3 ft in humans
• Total length of ST almost
the length of a football
field
7. Testicular location
• In most animals the testes lie in the scrotum
• Exceptions:
– Lumbar: monotremes, elephants, hyraxes, reptiles,
fishes
– Inguinal canal: hedgehogs, moles, some seals
– Seasonal migration: wild ungulates, most rodents
Reasons for scrotal position unclear
- sexual selection ?, cooling testis?
8. Models for testicular migration
• Testis is firmly attached
to abdominal wall by:
1) Posterior gonad ligament
(Gubernaculum) - as body
grows the gubernaculum
does not, thus testis is
drawn downward
-in females gubernaculum
grows
Johnson and Everitt 1.8
9. Hormonal control of testicular
migration
• Migration of testis thought to involve 2
hormones produced by testis
1) MIH – mullerian inhibiting hormone
1) Involved in transabdominal migration
– Testosterone- stimulates genitofemoral nerve to
produce nueropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide
(CGRP)
– CGRP stimulates transinguinal and scrotal migration
10. Hormonal control of testicular
migration (2)
MIS
Androgens
Johnson and Everitt 1.8 & 1.9
11. Abnormalities in testis migration
1) Cryptorchism “abdominal” testis
-testis does not descend properly
- detrimental to spermatogenesis and normal
testicular metabolism
- Rise in humans in US and Europe by about
250% in the last 30-40 years
- Leads to arrested spermatogenesis
- 4-7 degrees C below body temp ideal
12. Testicular Histology
Testis is made up of 2 major
compartments
1) Region inside
seminiferous
tubules
Spermatozoa development
2) Interstitial space
outside ST
- Leydig cells,
- Androgen Production
13. Seminiferous Tubules
• Seminiferous tubules
are lined by a germinal
epithelium
• Primary product is
spermatozoa
• Two cell types are
found within ST
– Germ cells
– Sertoli cells
15. Blood testis barrier
Limits fluid transfer
between adluminal
and basal and
interstitial
compartments
Prevents gametes
entering interstitial
space
Johnson and Everitt 4.1
16. Blood testis barrier 2
• The two compartments are separated by a
blood testis barrier
– Consists of a series of gap and tight junctions
that serve as a physiological barrier separating
the sertoli cells from the capillaries located in
the interstitial space.
– Function: prevents immune response to
“foreign” protein of gametes
• Sperm granuloma
17. Ducts in males
• All ducts in human males are derived from
the primitive kidney
– termed the Wolffian ducts (or archinephric
duct)
18. Ducts in males
1) Seminiferous tubules –
2)Tubuli recti (straight
tubules)
3) Rete testis- branched
network of ducts
4) Vasa efferentia- carry to
single common duct
5) Epidydmis- single duct
(>15 ft in human male)
6) Vas deferens pass out
scrotum through inguinal
canal to the urethra.
20. Pronephric kidney
• 1st kidney to form in
humans
* It is the functional kidney of
fish and larval amphibians
• Develops anteriorly then
degenerates in amniotes
• Remaining duct called the
Wolffian Duct (AD)
– Sperm transport in amniotes
21. Mesonephric Kidney
• 2nd kidney
• 30 tubules form in humans
• As tubules form caudally the
anterior ones die off
• Female mammals- all tubules
die
• Male mammals- tubules
become sperm ducts of testis
• Functional Kidney: anamniotes
22. Metanephric kidney
(metanephros)
• Permanent kidney of
amniotes
• Serves both as an
excretory and
osmoregulatory organ
• Ureter transports urine
• Ductus Deferens
(AD)transports sperm
23. Accessory Glands
• Seminal Vessicles
• Prostate gland
• Bulbourethral glands
• Involved in the
production of semen
24. Seminal Vesicles
• Secrete alkaline,
viscous fluid
• High fructose content
• Comprises the
majority of semen
25. Prostate Gland
• Adds an alkaline
solution to semen
• Facilitates a favorable
environment for sperm
in the more acidic
vagina and female
reproductive tract
• 13-33% of semen
27. Function of Ducts and Accessory
Glands
• Sperm transport
• Sperm Storage
• Sperm maturation
• Production of semen
28. Sperm anatomy
• Head and tail
components of mature
spermatozoan
– Head contains genetic
material (1N)
– Tail responsible for
generating propulsive
forces
Lombardi 5-2
29. Sperm Anatomy 2
• Sperm head
– Lysosomal cap
containing hydrolytic
enzymes’: acrosome
cap
– Nucleus containing
chromatin
Lombardi 5-2
34. Temporal organization of
spermatogenesis
Spermatogenic cycle:
-Time for the completion of
spermatogenesis very
consistent within a species
Individual Spermatogonium
begin to divide mitotically
and meiotically at regular
time interval for a given
species
Johnson and Everitt Table 4.1
35. Temporal organization of
spermatogenesis (2)
Duration of cycle of the
seminiferous epithelium:
- spermatagonium starts to
undergo new cycle after
aprox. ¼ of the time for
complete spermatogenesis
has passed
Johnson and Everitt Table 4.1
37. Spatial organization of
spermatogenesis
Spermatogenic wave:
Each region of
seminiferous tubule at
a slightly different
stage of
spermatogenesis
-aids in providing a
steady supply of
sperm
Johnson and Everitt Figure 4.10
39. Disruption of spermatogenesis?
Declining sperm counts
since 1930s
Graph from report “ Male Reproductive Health and
Environmental Chemicals with Estrogenic Effects” 1995
report by Danish EPA (students.whitman.edu/~cushinda/ mentrends.htm)
