Makarajyothi 2010.

Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc aI-c-hn-f-°m-tLmj kvac-WnI 2010

!
{io]q¿Æ-{X-bo-ipw tNm‰m-n-°c AΩbpw kZbw klmbw
apcfo mcm-b-W≥ ºq-Xn-cn-∏mSv
(X-{¥n)
]pen-b-∂q¿ a (]q¿Æ-{io) Fcq¿ ]n.H.
Xr∏q-Wn-Øpd ˛ 682 306
Phone: 2782005, 9895488613

18-12-2009

ÿqe-kq-£va-Im-cW cq]-Ønepw krjvSn-ÿnXn kwlm-c-cq-]-
Ønepw `‡- ∑ msc Ap- { K- l n- ° p- h m≥ nXy- k m- ∂ n≤yw
sNbvXpsIm≈p∂ Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc imkvXm-hns‚ Ap-{K-l-I-e-Iƒ
F√m `‡-∑m¿°pw e`n-°p-am-dm-Is´ F∂v {]m¿∞n-°p-∂p. IqSmsX
t£{X-k-an-Xn-bpsS kZv{]-hr-Øn-Iƒ°v F√m Biw-k-Ifpw t¿∂p-
sIm-≈p-∂p.

D’-hm-tLm-j-ß-tfm-S-p-_-‘n®v {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p∂ kvac-WnI
""aI-c-tPymXn'' hnRvPm--{]-Z-am-Is´ F∂pw Biw-kn-°p-∂p.

F∂v

]pen-b-∂q¿ apcfo mcm-b-W≥ ºq-Xn-cn-∏mSv

1


THAMARAMKULANGARA AYYAPPA SEVA SAMITHY
TASS Mandir, Thamaramkulangara, Thripunithura - 682 301, Ernakulam Dt.

BapJw
kzmantb icWaø∏...........
Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc {io[¿Ω-im-kvXm-t£-{X-Ønse aI-c-hn-f-°m-tLm-j-ßƒ kam-K-X-am-hp-I-bm-Wv.
Ign™v Ggv h¿j-ßfm-bn, t£{Xm-Nm-cßsf-°p-dn-®pw, Ap-jvTm-IeIsf-°p-dn-®pw, `‡-Pßƒ°v
- - - - - - - - -
Ah-t_m-[ap-≠m-°pI F∂ e£y-tØm-sS, D’-htØm-Sp-_‘n-®v, ""aI-ctPymXn'' F∂ ma-t[-bØn¬ Hcp kvac-Wn-I, Aø-
- - - - - -
∏-tk-hm-k-anXn {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®p-h-cp-∂p.
Cu h¿jw taf-Iesb-°p-dn-®p-≈XmWv Rß-fpsS kwcw-`w. tZi-Im-et`-Zaty P-ßsf kzm[o-n-°p∂ Ie-bmWv taf-
- - - - -
Ie. AXp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂, Rß-fpsS Cu h¿jsØ DZy-ahpw Ah-k-tcm-Nn-X-sa∂v Icp-X-s´....
taf-sØ-°p-dn®v {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-tºmƒ {]Y-a-K-W-o-b-hpw, Hgn®p-Iq-Sm-m-hm-Ø-Xp-amb ÿm-am-Wv, Xr∏q-Wn-Øpd
{io]q¿Æ-{X-boi t£{X-Øn-se, F´p-mƒ o≠p-n¬°p∂ hr›n-tIm-’hØn-p-≈Xv. taf-Iebn¬ AZzn-Xo-bmb {io. s]cp-
- - - - - -
hw Ip´≥am-cm-cpsS {]am-WØn-ep≈ ]©m-cn-ta-fw, taf-sØ-°p-dn®v imkv{Xo-bm-ht_m-[an-√m-Øhcp-sS-t]epw IÆpw-ImXpw
- - - - -
ahpw Ih-cp-∂p-sh-∂Xv {]Xy-£m-p-`-h-am-Wv. Ime-{]-am-W-ßƒ°-p-k-cn-®v, h¿≤n-®p-h-cp∂ D’m-l-tØmsS Nen-°p-∂,
`‡s‚ Iøpw, saøpw Xs∂ CXnv nZ¿i-w.
hr›n-tIm-’-h-Øns‚ ]cn-k-am-]vXn-bn¬ tJZn-°p∂ a- p-Iƒ, ]n∂oSv {]Xo-£-tbmsS ImØn-cn-°p∂ D’-h-amWv
Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc {io[¿Ω-im-kvXm-hns‚ aI-c-hn-f-°m-tLm-j-ßƒ. aI-c-hn-f°v Znhkw cmhn-se-bp≈ ]©m-cn-ta-f-Øn-pw, D®-
I-gn-™p≈ ]©-hm-Zy-Øn-pw, cm{Xn-bnse {]kn-≤amb ]m≠n-ta-fØnpw ap∂n¬, Al-alan-Ibm I≠p-hcp∂ Bkzm-ZIhrµw
- - - - - - -
CXv km£y-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.
Cu h¿jsØ aI-c-hn-f-°m-tLm-j-ß-fn-epw, taf-Ip-e-]-Xn-bmb kZw Znhm-I-c≥amcm-cp-sS-bpw, {io. s]cp-hw kXo-
i-s‚bpw tXr-Xz-Øn-ep≈ taf-Øn-m-bn, Bkzm-Z-I¿ A£-a-cmbn ImØn-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv.
{io[¿Ω-im-kvXm-hns‚ `‡¿, Ct∂mfw n¿tem`w ¬In-h-cp∂ klmbkl-I-c-W-ß-fm¬, t£{X-Ønse {]h¿Ø-
-ßsf√mw Xs∂, Rß-fpsS {]Xo-£-bv°p-a-∏pdw `wKn-bmbn n¿∆-ln-°p-hm≥ km[n-®p-h-∂n-´p-≠v. AXnp {]Xy-t£m-Zm-l-
c-W-am-Wv, t£{X-]--cp-≤m-cW {]h¿Ø--ßƒ°p-ti-jw, t£{X-tØmSv tN¿∂v InS-°p∂ Ggv sk‚v ÿew, t£{X-Ønv
kz¥-am-°m≥ km[n-®Xv. Cu ÿeØv Hcp Du´p-]pc n¿Ωn-°pI F∂-XmWv kan-Xn-bpsS Ct∏m-gsØ e£yw. `‡¿ Ct∂mfw
-
¬In-h∂ klmb kl-I-c-W-ßƒ µn-tbmsS kvacn-°p∂p. Du´p-]pc F∂ kz]vw km£m¬°-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬, `‡-cpsS
klmbw XpS¿∂pw e`n-°p-sa∂v Rßƒ {]Xym-in-°p-∂p.
taf-I-e-sb-°p-dn®v Hcp kvac-WnI F∂ Bibw DS-se-Sp-Ø-t∏mƒ, cN--Iƒ°m-bn, ]e-scbpw Rßƒ kao-]n-®p.
Ghcpw Xs∂ hfsc √ {]Xn-IcWamWv Rßƒ°v ¬In-bXv. cN-IƒX∂v Rß-tfmSv kl-Icn® F√m kpa- p-Iƒ°pw
- - - - - - -
{io[¿Ω-im-kvXm-hns‚ Ir]m-ISm-£ßƒ n¿tem`w e`n-bv°s´ F∂v {]m¿∞n-°p-∂p. Cu kvac-WnI bmYm¿∞y-am-°p-hm≥
- -
amk-ß-tfmfw ITn--{]-bXvw sNbvX kan-Xn-bpsS {]h¿Ø-I¿°v AI-a-gn™ µn {]Im-in-∏n-°-s´.
{io[¿Ω-im-kvXm-hns‚ Ap-{K-lßƒ°mbn {]m¿∞n-®p-sIm-≠v, Cu kwcw-`w, ImWn-°bmbn Ahn-SpsØ ]Z-Iaeß-
- - - - -
fn¬ `‡n-]p-c- cw ka¿∏n-°p-∂p.

APnXv Ipam¿ h¿Ω
18-˛12-˛2009 {]kn-U‚v, Xma-cw-Ip-fßc Aø∏ tkhm kanXn
-

2


THAMARAMKULANGARA AYYAPPA SEVA SAMITHY
TASS Mandir, Thamaramkulangara, Thripunithura - 682 301, Ernakulam Dt.

aI-c-tPym-Xn-bn-eq-sS............
{io]q¿Æ-{X-bo-is‚ {]P-Iƒ°v taf-kw-kv°mcw c‡-Øn¬ Aen-™p-tN¿∂n-´p-≈-Xm-Wv. hr›n-tIm-’hhpw
AXn-tm-S-p-_-‘n-®p≈ AXn-{]-i-kvX-amb Fgp-∂-≈n-∏p-Ifpw taf-ßfpw Bkz-Zn-°p-hm≥ {io]q¿Æ-{X-boi k∂n-
[n-bn¬ mSns‚ mm-`m-K-ß-fn¬ n∂p≈ Bkzm-Z-I¿ FØp-∂p. Cu D’-h-kw-kv°mcw Nph-Sp-]n-Sn-®mWv Xma-cw-Ip-
f-ßc {io[¿Ω-imkvXm t£{X-Ønse B≠p-tXm-dp-ap≈ aI-c-hn-f-°p-’-hhpw Nn´-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
F√m h¿jhpw aIcw H∂nv Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc t£{X-Øn¬ Ac-tß-dp∂ ""taf-{Xbw'' Npcp-ßnb Ime-ßƒ°p-
≈n¬ Xs∂ {]i-kvXn-bm¿÷n-®-Xn¬ Aø∏tkhmkan-Xn°p Nmcn-Xm¿∞y-ap-≠v. `K-hms‚ Fgp-∂-≈n-∏p-Iƒ cmP-
IobamhWw F∂p-≈-t∏mƒ AI-º-Sn-bm-Ip∂ hmZy-ta-f-ßƒ°v Xn-abpw imkv{Xo-b-Xbpw ]q¿Æ-ambpw D≠m-I-Ww. Cu e£y-amWv `K-hm≥
{io[¿Ω-im-kvXm-hn-s‚bpw {io]q¿Æ-{X-bo-i-s‚bpw Ap{K-l-Øm¬ Xma-cw-Ip-f-ß-c-bn¬ Ac-tß-dp-∂-Xv.
hmZy-ta-f-ßƒ AXn-hn-]p-ehpw sshhn[yw nd-™-Xp-am-Wv. Ch-sb-∏‰n mfn-Xp-hsc hf-sc-°p-d®v ]pkvX-I-ßƒ am{Xta {]kn-≤o-I-cn-
®n-´p-≈q. ]n.-F-kv. hmcy-cpsS tIc-fob taf-I-e, F.-F-kv. F≥. ºo-is‚ Xmf-ßƒ Xmf-hm-Zy-ßƒ, tIma-cØv tKm]m-e-ta-tms‚ Xmf-ta-f-
ßƒ, sI.-hn. cmP-tKm-]m-e≥ InSm-hns‚ tIc-f-Ønse t£{X hmZy-I-e-Iƒ F∂nh Hgn®m¬ Kl--amb ]T--ßƒ C√ F∂pXs∂ ]d-bmw.
s]cp-hw Bdm-´p-]pg ]qc-°-Ωn-‰n-t]m-ep≈ taf-kw-kv°m-c-k-º-∂-am-b-h¿ {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®n-´p≈ kvac-Wn-I-Iƒ, hmZy-ta-f-I-em-Im-c-∑msc BZ-
cn-°p-tºmƒ AXmXv {]h¿ØI kan-Xn-Iƒ {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®n-´p≈ kvac-Wn-I-Iƒ F∂nh {]iw-k-o-b-am-Wv.
a‰p kam--kva-c-Wn-I-I-fn¬ n∂pw hyXy-kvX-amWv ""aI-c-tPymXn''. CXv aIctPymXn-bpsS F´m-asØ ]Xn-∏m-Wv. F√m h¿jhpw GsX-
¶nepw Hcp hnjbw am{Xw ssIImcyw sNø-s∏-Sp∂ aI-c-tPym-Xn-bn¬ Cu h¿jsØ hnjbw tIc-fo-b-cpsS kz¥-amb taf-am-Wv. {]Npc{]Nm-
c-Øn-ep≈ taf-ßƒ, A]q¿∆ taf-ßƒ, taf-ß-fn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ hmZy-ßƒ, ]T k{º-Zmbw, Bkzm-Z-I-cpsS ImgvN-∏m-Snse tafw XpS-
ßnb A-h[n hnj-b-ßƒ Cu aI-c-tPym-Xn-bn¬ N¿® sNø-s∏-Sp-∂p.
tafw Bkz-Zn-°p-hm≥ kmamy P-ßƒ°v Ign-bWw F∂ Dt±-i-e-£y-tØm-sS-bmWv Cu aI-c-tPymXn Aø-∏-tk-hm-k-anXn {]kn-≤o-I-
cn-°p-∂-Xv. {]K-¤-a-Xn-I-fmb teJ-I¿, sN≠bpw tImepw sIm≠v kwh-Zn-°p∂ Ap-{K-loX Iem-Im-c-∑m¿, ]pe¿s®-bm-bmepw, ´p-®-bm-bm-
epw, ]mXn-cm-{Xn-bm-bmepw Bth-i-tØm-sSbpw D’m-l-tØm-sSbpw hmbp-hn¬ ssIIƒ Db¿Øn Xmfw-]n-Sn-°p∂ Bkzm-Z-I¿ XpSßn taf-hp-
ambn _‘-s∏-´p-In-S°p∂ ao-jn-Iƒ Xøm-dm-°nb ]T-ßfpw, teJ-ßfpwsIm≠v kº-∂am-Wv Cu aI-ctPym-Xn. `‡-Pßƒ°pw Bkzm-
- - - - - - - - -
Z-I¿°pw CXv Hcp ]pXnb Ap-`hw Bbn-cn°pw F∂p -Xs∂ kanXn hniz-kn-°p-∂p.
kanXn {]h¿Ø-I-cpsS amk-ßƒ o≠ {]b-Xv-^-e-am-bmWv F√m-h¿jhpw aI-c-tPymXn ]pd-Øn-d-ßp-∂-Xv. Bb-Xn-tebv°v AI-a-
gn™v t{]m’m-lw ¬Ip-∂, hnj-b-ß-sf-∏‰n B[n-Im-cn-I-ambn Fgp-Xp∂ teJ-I¿, ]c-ky-ßƒ ¬In Cu kwcw-`-Øn¬ ]¶p-tN-cp∂
hy‡n-Iƒ, ÿm]-ßƒ, atm-l-c-ambn A®-Sn®pXcp∂ amXm Hm^vsk‰v {]nt‚gvkv F∂n-h-tcm-Sp≈ kan-Xn-bpsS n o-a-amb µn Cubh-
k-c-Øn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-s´.
aI-c-tPym-Xn-bn-eqsS Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ taf-ßƒ Bkz-Zn-°p-hm-p≈ Ahkcw Cu h¿jsØ aI-c-hn-f-°m-tLm-j-Øns‚ {]tXy-I-X-bm-
Wv. D’-h-Zn-h-k-ß-fn¬ cm{Xn hnf-°nv hnhn[ A]q¿∆ taf-ß-fmWv AXns‚ ]q¿Æ-cq-]-Øn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. {io. B¿.-F¬.-
hn. atl-jvIp-am-dns‚ {]am-W-Øn¬ Ac-tß-dp∂ {[phw, AS-¥, A©-S-¥, Nº-ta-f-ßƒ Bkzm-Z-I¿°v hym-p-`hw Bbn-cn-°pw. aI-c-hn-
f°v Znhkw S-°p∂ taf-{Xbw {io k-Zw Znhm-I-c-am-cm-cp-sSbpw {io. s]cp-hw kXo-i≥amcm-cp-sS-bpw {]am-W-Øn¬ S-°p∂ ]©m-cn-
ta-fw, {io.-tNm-‰m-n-°c hnP-bpw {io. sN¿∏p-f-t»cn inh-pw bn-°p∂ ]©-hm-Zyw, {io. s]cp-hw kXo-is‚ {]am-W-Øn¬ S-°p∂
]m≠n-ta-fw, ]Xn-hp-t]mse hmZy-ta-fm-kz-Z-I¿°p≈ Aø∏tkhm-k-an-Xn-bpsS taf-k-Zy-bm-bn-cn-°pw.
F√m hmZy-ta-f-I-em-Im-c-∑m¿°pw Ah-cpsS IpSpw-_mw-K-ßƒ°pw, `‡-P--ßƒ°pw F√m-hn[ Bbp-cm-tcmKy kuJy-ßƒ D≠m-Ip-am-
dm-Is´ F∂v `K-hm≥ {io[¿Ω-im-kvXm-hn-tmSpw tZi-m-Y≥ {io]q¿Æ-{X-bo-i-tmSpw AI-a-gn™p {]m¿∞n-°p-∂p.
`K-hms‚ Xr∏m-Z-ß-fn¬ aI-c-tPym-Xn-bpsS Cu ]Xn∏pw ka¿∏n-°p-∂p.
XmacwIpfßc Aø∏ tkhm kanXn {]h¿ØI¿°v th≠n
ic-W-tLm-j-tØmsS
IrjvWmYv. hn.
I¨ho¿, aIchnf°mtLmj°Ωn‰n

3


Df-f-S°w
Xr∏q-Wn-Øpd D’hw ˛ XnømSn cma≥ 13
taf-ß-fnse kmwkv°m-cn-Ihpw Ncn-{X-]-c-hp-amb Imev]m-Sp-Iƒ 23
]n.-F≥. ºq-Xncn
icW Io¿Øw (IhnX) ˛ A-n-b≥ 51
hiykp-µ-cao ]©mcn ˛ s]cp-hw Ip´≥am-cm¿ 57
]m≠n-tafw ˛ kZw Znhm-Icamcm¿ 65
{]Nm-c-ep-]vX-ß-fmb taf-ßƒ ˛ sI.-hn. cmP-tKm-]m-e≥InSmhv 69
taf-Øns‚ q‰m-≠p-Iƒ ˛ sI.-kn. mcm-b-W≥ 83
sN≠-ta-f-ßƒ ˛ Xr°m-ºpdw IrjvW≥Ipń amcm¿ 97
{ipXn-tafw ˛ Hcp kz]v-km-£m-XvImcw ˛ ]fl-{io. a´-∂q¿ i¶-c≥Ip-ń-am-cm¿ 101
H®-∏m-Sns‚ {]Xy-b -imkv{Xw ˛ hn. Iem-[-c≥ 105
Xmb-º-I-bvs°mcp k‘y-the ˛ It√-°p-f-ßc A®p-X≥Ip-ń-am-cm¿ 111
Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc {io[¿Ω-im-kvXmhv (IhnX) ˛ im¥ ]Wn-°¿ 127
taf-I-e-bnse ssieo-t`-Z-ßƒ ˛ tUm: F≥.-]n. hnP-b-Ir-jvW≥ 137
taf- I-em-]-T-hpw taf-ßfpw ˛ ]gp-hn¬ cLp-am-cm¿ 141
Ipdpw Ipg¬ ˛ Iogq´v µ≥ 145
hmZy-tem-IØv sImºns‚ ÿmw ˛ HmS-bv°men apcfn 153
Ce-Øm-f-Øns‚ kwKoXw ˛ sI.-F. inh-Zmkv h¿Ω 157
sImńs‚ hk-¥-Imew ˛ Fw.-B¿.-F-kv. tatm≥ 163
aa `mKyw taf-{Xbw ˛ s]cp-hw kXo-i≥ amcm¿ 177
sN≠-ap-WvUm-kp-c≥! ˛ B¿.-sI. Zmtam-Z-c≥ 181
taf-ta-Xm-bm-epw...... ˛ sI.-hn. apc-fo-tam-l≥ 185
XmacwIpfßc taf{Xbw ˛ IrjvW-mYv hn. 187
nßƒ°-dn-bmtam? 191
tafIebnse aäd™pt]mb almcY≥am¿ 192
tafhmZycwKsØ AXnImb∑m¿ 193

4


Xr∏q-Wn-Øpd D’hw
(tZ-i-Øns‚ hmZy-]m-c-º-cyhpw tafm-kzm-Z--hpw)
v XnømSn cma≥ v
hr›nIw apX¬ taSw hsc ofp∂ Bdp h-ßfpw Ac-tß-dp∂ tIc-f-Ønse AwKp-cmZn
amk-°mew tIc-f-Ønv ]qc-°m-e-am-Wv. ]qcw, hn`m-K-Øn-ep≈ hr›n-tIm-’hw tIc-f-Øn-te°v
D’-hw, the, Xme-s∏m-en F∂n-ßs ]e-cq-]- sh®p-Xs∂ G‰hpw henb D’-h-am-Wv. ]cn-]m-
Øn¬ Bbpw hmZy-tLm-j-ß-fp-an-√mØ Hcp Sn-I-fpsS .................... hne-bn-cp-Øp-tºmƒ InS-bp‰
t£{Xtam Imthm C°m-ebfhn¬ ImWm≥ hnj-
- - - Ccn-ßm-e-°pS D’-h-Øn-p-t]mepw ]m¿iz-ÿ-
a-am-Wv. ]oTta e`n-°q. D’-h-ßƒ°v hn[n-®n-´p≈ GXp
t£t{Xm-’-h-ß-fpsS ]cn-]q¿ÆX-sb∂v ]cn-]m-Sn-Ifpw F´p-Zn-hkw ofp∂ D’-h-Im-eØv
hnti-jn-∏n-°m-hp∂ Xr∏q-Wn-Øp-d-˛-Kp-cp-hm-bq¿-˛- Atlm-cm{Xw Ac-tß-dp-∂p.
C-cn-ßm-e-°pS D’-h-ßƒ Cu ]qc-°m-e-Ønv 15 B-Isf Fgp-∂-≈n®v cmhnse ioth-
en°pw cm{Xn hnf-°n-pap≈ aWn-
°q-dp-Iƒ ofp∂, ]©mcntafw,
AXn- { ]- i kv X kwKo- X - ⁄ - ∑ m¿
hsc ]s¶-Sp-°p∂ c≠pw aq∂pw
It®- c n- I ƒ, hnf- ° p- m- f p- I - f nse
]pe- c pw- h - s c- b p≈ IY- I - f n, D®
apX¬ sshIp- t ∂cw hsc- b p≈
c≠pw aq∂pw Xp≈-ep-Iƒ, hyXy-
kvX-ssi-en-bn-ep≈ Xmb-º-I-Iƒ
F∂nh CXn¬ {][m--am-Wv. o≠
a±-f-˛-sIm-ºp-˛-Ip-g¬∏-‰p-Iƒ, ]cn-j-
hmZyw, CSbv° {]Z-£nWw XpSßn
Xn-a-bp‰ A]q¿∆-amb ]e- hm-Zy-
hn-tijßfpw D’-h-Øns‚ `mK-
BZn- a - ≤ ym- ¥ - ß - f mbn hcp- ∂ p. Xr∏q- W n- Ø pd am-Wv. CXn-pw- ]p-dsa ]mT-Iw, Ipd-Øn-bm-´w, {]`m-
{io]q¿Æ-{X-boi t£t{Xm-’-h-Ønv sImSn-I- j-W-ßƒ, B-bq-´v, AI-ºSn mZ-kz-c-°-t®-cn,
b-dp-∂Xv tIc-f-Øns‚ ]qtcm-’-h-ßƒ°m-Wv. tIm¬°fn RmWn-t∑¬I-fn- t]m-ep≈ k‘y-°-
taS-am-k-Øn¬ Ccn-ßm-e-°pS D’hw Ignt™ fn- I ƒ F∂n- ß s GXp Xe- Ø n- e p≈ P-
Cu kmwkv°m-cn-tIm-’-h-Øns‚ sImSn-bn-d-°q. tØbpw ckn-∏n-°m≥t]m∂ a‰p-]cn-]m-Sn-Ifpw cm]-
-
ChnsS Xpd-∂- IpS aS-°p-∂Xv Ccn-ßm-e-°pS I¬ t`Z-sasy D’-h-m-fp-I-fn¬ Ac-tß-dp-∂p.
D’h Bdm- ´ n- m- b n- c n- ° pw. tIc- f - Ø - n- a - b p‰ {][mw tafw
t£t{Xm-’-h-ß-fn¬ {]Y-a-ÿmw ˛ BZy-sØ- KoX-˛-rØ˛hm-Zy-ß-fn¬ D’-h-Ønv hmZy-
sX-∂Xn-ep-]cn-˛hen-∏Ønepw Xr∏q-Wn-Øp-dbv°m-
- - - - - Øn-tm, It®-cnt°m IY-I-fnt°m Gsd {]m[m-
Wv. AwKp-cm-Zn-˛-]-S-lm-Zn-˛-[z-PmZn aq∂p-hn[w D’- y-sa∂v JWvUn-X-ambn ]d-bm≥ hnj-a-am-Wv.

5


F¶n¬Xs∂bpw D’-h-Øns‚ DuSpw ]mhp-ambn eqsS oßn ]Sn-™msd X´p-am-fn-I°v apºn¬
h¿Øn- ° p- ∂ Xv c≠p- t - c - a p≈ B- s b- g p- ∂ - A©mwIme-tØmsS (A-XmWv cmP-hm-gvN-°m-
≈n∏pw ]©m-cn-ta-fhpw Xs∂. B-∏-¥n-bn¬ esØ ""Xncp-ap-ºn¬ tafw'' ˛ mSp-hm-gp∂ henb
apØp-°p-S- Xg Be-h´ sh©m-actØmsS 15 B-
- - Xºp-cm≥ Fgp-∂-≈n-bn-cp∂v hmZy-°m¿°v bYm-
Iƒ°v at≤y cmP-Iob {]uVn-bn¬ Fgp-∂-≈n- tbmKyw kΩm- - ß ƒ sImSp- Ø n- c p- ∂ Xv ]Sn-
n¬°p∂ ]q¿Æ-{X-bo-iv ap∂n¬, Bth-iw- ™msd X´p-am-fn-I-bnem-bn-cp-∂p) ]©m-cn- Xo-cp-
sIm≠ tafm-kzm-ZI¿°v Sp-hn¬, qdpw q‰-ºXpw
- ∂p. XpS¿∂v AS¥ "hl'bpw hSs° S-bv°¬
t]¿ Ah- X - c n- ∏ n- ° p∂ ]©m- c n- t afw H∂mbn- AS¥ aq∂pw -mepw Imew tafhpw, Iem-in-®v -ap-
cn°pw Xr∏q-Wn-Øpd D’-h-sa-∂m¬ Bcp-tSbpw dn-∏-©m-cn-bn-eqsS sNº-S-bn-te°v IS∂v memw-
a- n¬ BZyw sXfn- b p- ∂ - X v . D’- h - Ø ns‚ Imew sIm´n Xocp-sIm-´p-∂-XmWv taf-®n-´.
Bﬂm-hv-kzXzwAXp-X-s∂. D’-h-ta-f-Øns‚ Xr∏q-Wn-Øp-d-bn¬ as‰mcp Ime-Øn-pw-˛-
A¥ pw Kuc-hhpw c≠p-t-c-ap≈ B-sb-gp-∂- A©mw Ime-Øn-p-t]mepw ImWmØ Bth-i-
≈n∏pw tafhpw Xs∂. amWv S-∏p-c-bn¬ Ac-tß-dp∂, Ap-_‘-ambn
]g-bsIm®n»oa-bpsS Bÿm-sa-∂n-ebn-
- - - - sIm´p∂, Ac-a-Wn-°q-tdmfw ofp∂ sNºS taf-
epw, cmP-Ip-Spw-_Øns‚ Bÿm-- t£-{X-sa-∂-
-- Øn-v. AXp tcn¬ I≠m-kz-Zn-°m-mbn kv{XoI-
n- e - b nepw Xr∏q- W n- Ø p- d °pw ]q¿Æ- { X- b oi f-S°w H´ph-fsct]¿ tc-sØ-Øs∂ S-∏p-c-
t£{X-Ønpw ]t≠ Gsd {]m[m-y-ap-≠m-bn-cp- bv°p-Np‰nepw tKm]p-c-Ø-d-bnepw Xn°n-Øn-c-°n-
∂p. Xriq-cns‚ tafhpw, Xncp-h--¥-]p-c-tØbpw ÿm-w-]n-Sn-°p-∂p. s√mcp hn`m-K-Ønv taf-sa-
]me-°m-Sn-s‚bpw kwKo-Xhpw, sX°pw-˛-h-S°pw ∂m¬ Cu Ap-_-‘-ta-f-am-Wv. S-∏p-c-tafw
ssien-bn-ep≈ IY-I-fnbpw, ]Xn-‰m-≠p-Iƒ°p- tIƒ°m≥ am{Xw hcp-∂-h-cp-≠v. tafw Dt±-in-®-
apt∂ ChnsS ktΩ-fn-®n-cp-∂p. Xr∏q-Wn-Øp-dbn¬ - hn[w sImgp- Ø n- s √- ¶ ntem, Bh¿Øn- ® p≈
tafw {]am-Wn-°p-I, IY-Ifn°v BZy-hkm-thjw
- - - Iemiw Ht∂mct≠m Ipd-™mtem, D’-h-ta-f-
sI´p-I, It®cn S-ØpI F∂Xv AXmXv cwK- Øns‚ Kuchw Ipd-™-Xmbn Icp-Xp-∂-hcpw Ipd-
Øp-≈hcpsS kz]vam-bn-cp-∂p˛Aw-Ko-Im-cam-bn-cp-
- - - - h-√.
∂p. amS-£n-Xo-i-∑m-cpsS ]cn-em-f--bn¬ ]cn-]p- taf-Ønse Iqd-S°w
jv°eam-°s∏´ Cu t£t{Xm’hw Cu P-Iob
- - -
taf-Øns‚ ]cn-]q¿ÆX ]qc-ß-fpsS `mK-
bpK- Ø nepw H´pw aß- t e- e v ° msX cmP- I ob
am-bp≈ H‰ta-fßfn-emWv ImWp-I. ]¥w ncs°
- -
{]uVn-tbmsS mSns‚ D’-h-am-bmWv sIm≠m-
]nSn-®p-sIm-≠p≈ s]cp-hw ]©m-cn-bpsS Blm-
Sp-∂-Xv.
cy-`w-Kn-tbm, Ip´-s-√q-cns‚ AwK-em-h-Wytam
15 B-Iƒ°v nc-°m≥ ]mI-Øn-ep≈ B- Bdm-´p-]p-g-bpsS tafm-th-itam, FS-°p-∂n-bpsS
∏¥n, Xncp-ap-‰w, th≠-Xn-tesd {]K-¤-cmb hmZy- FXn-cn-√mØ A©mw Imetam, F´pw- ]Øpw
ßƒ, Zqc-tZ-i-ß-fn¬ n∂p-t]mepw h∂p-tNcp∂ Znhkw c≠p- t cw Ac- t ß- d p∂ D’- h - t a- f -
Bkzm-Z-I-hr-µw, taf-s°m-gp∏v H´pw tNm¿∂p-t]m- ßƒ°p≠m-hn-√. Xr∏q-Wn-Øp-dbpw AXn-∂-]-hm-
ImØhn[w X´p-am-fn-I-tbmSp IqSnb aXn-ev°Iw, Z-a-√. t]msc-¶n¬ D’-h-_ent]mep≈ Xm{¥n-
Ch taf-Øns‚ Ihpw A¥ pw as‰-ßp-an-√m- I-®-S-ß-p-Iƒ°pw a‰pw tafw hgn-am-td-≠-Xm-bpwh-
Ø-hn[w h¿≤n-∏n-°p-∂p. cpw. D’-h-ta-f-ßƒ°p≈ Cu ]cn-an-Xn-IƒsIm-
ssIøpw tImep- a mbn c≠p- t - c - a p≈ ≠mhmw, ]Øp-m-gn-I-sb∂ ]©m-cn-bpsS hyh-
]©mcntaf-Ønv A©p-Im-ehpw, Ap-_‘ambn
- - ÿm-]n-X-ssZ¿Ly-tØ-°mƒ taf-Øns‚ Iqd-S-°-
AS-¥-˛-sN-ºS "hl'bpw tafhpw n¿∫-‘-am-Wv. Øn- mWv Xr∏q- W n- Ø pdbn¬ {]m[m- yw.
B-∏-¥n°v ap∂n¬ Imew ncØn Ime-am-‰-Øn- Hs∂m∂c aWn-°q¿ ]Xn-Im-ew, 20 ann‰phoXw

6


c≠pw aq∂pw mepw Ime-ßƒ, Ac-a-Wn-°q¿ kwKoX D]-I-c-W-amWv ]‰nse Ipg¬. a±-f-˛-sIm-
A©mw Imew F∂n-ßsbmWv c≠caq∂p aWn- ºv˛Ip-g¬∏-‰p-Iƒ q‰m-≠p-Iƒ ]g-°ap≈ ΩpsS
-- -
°q-tdmfw ofp∂ D’-hta-fØns‚ Ap-]m-Xw.
- - {]mNo D’-hm-¥-co£w ]p:krjvSn-°p-∂-Xn¬
AXp-sIm-s≠m∂pw tafw ""sNdp-Xm-Ip-∂n√''. I- henb ]¶p-h-ln-°p-∂p.
Ønepw Kuc-hØnepw Xr∏q-Wn-Øpd D’-htafw
- - at≤ym-Ø-c-tI-c-f-Øn¬ ]cn-Nn-X-a-√mØ
ta¬]-d™ at‰Xp taf-Ønpw InS-bp-‰Xm-Wv.
- Ap-jvTm-hm-Zy-amb ]cn-jhmZyw ]°n-eSn-®p-sIm-
- - -
Xn-a-bp‰ tIfn-∏‰v ≠p≈ AXns‚ {]tbm-K-co-Xn-bn¬ Gsd {]tXy-
]Øpw ]Xn-©pw t]¿ AWn-n-c-°p∂ I-X-bp-≈-Xm-Wv. taf-˛-Xm-b-º-I-Iƒ°v hn]-co-X-
Xmb-º-I-®n-´-bn-ep≈ a±-f-∏‰v Ccn-ßm-e-°p-S-bn¬ ambn D’-h-hm-Zy-ß-fnse sX°≥ kzm[o--amWv
am{Xw C{X-h-ep-X-s√-¶nepw Is≠-∂p-h-cpw. a±fw ]cn-j-hm-Zy-Øn¬°m-Wp-I.
C{X-sbm-∂n®v as‰-hn-sS-sb-ßnepw ImWm≥Xs∂ BZy aq∂v Zn-ß-fn¬ k‘ybv°v B-∏-
km[n-s®-∂p-h-cn-√. AS¥, A©-S¥t]mep≈ ¥n-bn¬ Ac-tß-dp∂ hyXy-kvX-ssi-en-I-fn-ep≈
hyXy-kvX--S-I-fnepw k¶o¿Æ Xmf-ß-fn-epap≈, Xmb- º I Iem- ] - c n- ] mSn am{X- a m- W v . nd™
A©pw F´pw-t]¿ tN¿∂v hnfn-°p∂, o≠-sIm- kZ pw XnI™ thZn-bp-am-sW-¶nepw, Xmc-X-
ºp-]‰v A≤zm--`m-c-ta-dnb B kp-jn-c-hm-Zy-Øns‚ tay hm-KXmb Cu Iem-cq-]Ønv hnf-°ns‚
- - -
`mK-a-√m-Ø-Xn-m¬ Ap-jvTm--`m-
h-an-√.
Bdm-´p-k-‘y-bnse ]©-hm-
Zyhpw, cm{Xn-bnse ]m≠nbpw, D’-
h-Øns‚ as‰mcp apJ-am-Wv. tafw
tNmcmØ S-∏p-c-bn¬ sIm´p∂
]©- h m- Z y- Ø nse hnfw- _ - I mew
{]uV-am-Wv. aXnev°v ]pdØv B
Kuchw Ap-`-h-s∏-Sn-√. Ah-km--
taf-am-bXpsIm≠m-Imw, ]m≠n°v
{]tXy-I- tbm-KyXsbm∂pw Ah-Im-
i-s∏-Sm-m-hn-√. Xr∏q-Wn-Øpdbn¬
]©m- c n- t bmfw Bkzm- Z - I - c n√
]m≠n°pw ]©-hm-Zy-Ønpw. tafm-
Bhn-jv°m-c-km-≤y-X-I-fmWv Am-h-cWw sNøp- kzm-Z--Ønse kv{Xokm∂n≤yw aXn-ev°-IØv
∂-Xv. XnI™ Xmf-⁄m--ap≈ht sImºp-]- Bcpw {i≤n-®p-t]m-Ipw. h¿j-ß-fm-bp≈ tIƒhn-
‰nv Xmfw ]nSn-°m-m-Iq. kao] ImeØv Dcp-Øn- Ø- g - ° w- s Im≠v ]©mcn A©pw sNºS
cn™ ]©-hm-Zy-Ønse ""XºIw'' Iml-f-≤z-n- mepwt]mep≈ Ipdp-Inb Ime-ßƒ Hs´mcp ]cn-
bpsS as‰mcp kzX-{¥-a-tm-[¿Ω{]-tbm-K-am-Wv. [n-hsc kp]-cn-Nn-X-am-tW-h¿°pw. B°pw hmZy-
AXp-t]mseXs∂, cmKw-˛-Xm-w-˛-]-√-hn-˛-cm-K-am-en- °m¿°p- s a- ∂ - t ]mse tafw- n∂v ImWmpw
I-tbmsSbp≈ AXn-ssZ¿Ly-am¿∂ Ipg¬∏‰v tIƒ°mpw Bkzm-Z-I¿°p-ap≠v Xr∏q-Wn-Øpd
D’-h-Øns‚ as‰mcp henb ]mc-º-cy-am-Wv. AXn- aXn-e-IØv Ah-c-h-cpsS ÿmw. s√m-cp-i-X-am-
hn-ZKv≤m-sbmcp Ipdpw-Ip-g¬°m-cv am{Xsa Xr∏q-
- - w -t]cpw nhr-Øn-bp-s≠¶n¬ kzÿmw hn´p-
Wn-Øpd aXn-ev°-IØv Ipg¬∏‰v hnfn-°m-mIq. amdn-√. D’-hm-fp-Ifnse c≠p-t-cap≈ Cu tafm-
- - -
taf-Ønse hmtZym-]-I-c-W-sa-∂-Xn-t-°mƒ Hcp kzm-Zw Iem-Im-cpw Bkzm-ZIp-an-Sbn¬ hy‡n-
- - -

7


_‘w hf¿Øp-∂p. as‰-ßpw-Im-WmØ Cu hmZy- n∂-t√-sb∂v tNmZn-®m¬ As√∂p ]d-bm-m-
ku-lrZw hmZy-°m-tcbpw Bthiw sIm≈n-°p- Iptam?
∂p. "hl'bpw hl-tbm-S-p-_-‘n-®p≈ tafhpw
S-∏p-c-ta-f-Ønse Aan-Xm-thiw hIbmbn-Xs∂ sIm´p-∂-XmWv `wKn. {][m--ta-
D’htaf-®¿®-bn¬ hy‡n-]-c-amb Nne fsØ At]-£n®v Ap-_-‘-ta-f-tØm-Sp≈ Cu
Aan-Xm-thiw Xr∏q-Wn-Øp-d-bpsS tafm-kzm-Z--
A`n-{]m-b-ßfpw ChnsS N¿®m-hn-j-b-am-I-s´.
Øn¬ Ft¥m Hcp icn-tISv Ap-`-h-s∏-Sp-∂p.
]©m-cn-tb-°mƒ B°hpw Bth-ihpw Xr∏q-Wn-
Øpd S-∏p-c-ta-f-Øn-m-Wv. S-∏pc taf-sa-∂m¬ A]q¿∆ taf-ßƒ°pw Hch-kcw
apt∂-∏-d-™-t]mse "hl' Ign-™p≈ sNºS 15 ]©m-cnbpw Hcp ]m≠n-bp-sa-∂mWv taf-
memw-Im-ew. {][m--ta-f-Øn-n-√mØ s]mXp-P ®n-´. CØcw Nn´-h-´-ßƒ t£t{Xm-’-h-ß-fpsS
Bthiw Ac-a-Wn-°q-tdmfw ofp∂ sNºS taf- hy‡n-Xzw-Iq-Sn-bm-Wv. Ah ne-n¬t°-≠-Xp-X-
Øn-emWv ImWp-∂-Xv. Cu tafw C{X XI¿Øp- s∂. F∂n- c p- ∂ m¬ Xs∂ tafm- k zm- Z - I ¿°v
sIm-t´-≠-XmtWm? tIƒ°m≥ km[n-°p-am-bn-cp∂ s√m-c-h-kcw 15
]©m-cn-sb∂ am‰-an-√mØ D’-h-
]m- c - º cyw ntj- [ n- ° p- ∂ p- s h∂v
tXm∂p-∂p. D’-h-Øns‚ F´p-Zn--
ß-fn-embn Ac-tß-dp∂ 16 taf-ß-
fn¬ ]Xn- ©pw ]©m- c n- b m- W v .
CXn¬ D’-h-_en Zn-ß-fnepw
a‰pw-sIm-´p∂ {]mtbW ssZ¿Lyw
Ipd™ ]©m- c n- I ƒ°p- ]- I cw
A]q¿∆-ta-fßƒ°qSn Ac-tß-dm≥
-
Ah- k - c - a p- s ≠- ¶ n¬ D’- h - t a- f -
Ønv Hcp ]pXnb amw- X s∂
ssIh-cp-am-bn-cp-∂p. sNº-S, AS-¥,
A©-S-¥, Nº, {[phw F∂o taf-
ßƒ taf-cm-P-mb ]©m-cn-bpsS
tafw-Ign™p ]pd-Øn-dßp-tºmƒ sNhn-bn¬
- - In-jvT-k-tlm-Z-c-∑m-cm-Wv. Cu A©p sNdp-ta-f-
apg-tß-≠Xv {][m--ta-f-amb ]©mcn Xs∂-bm- ßfpw, ]Øv ]©m-cnbpw, Hcp ]m≠n-bp-am-bn-cp-
Wv. ]t£ Xr∏q-Wn-Øpd tafw Ign-™p -t]m-Ip- s∂-¶n¬ BkzmZ-I¿s°-∂-t]mse {]tbm-‡m-
tºmƒ sNhn-bn¬ Xßp-∂Xv hmkvX-h-Øn¬ °ƒ°pw taf sshhn-[y-Øn-∂-h-k-c-am-Ip-am-bn-cp-
Ah-kmw XI¿ØpIpep-°nb sNºS taf-am-Wv. ∂p. Cu A]q¿∆ taf-ßƒ Ac-tß-dmpw Nne-
taf- Ø ns‚ Bghpw ebhpw ]Xn- I m- e - Ø n¬ th-ZnIƒ-tht≠? C∂nh tIƒ°m≥ Kpcp-hm-bq¿,
Bkz-Zn-°m-dm-I-Ww. ]Xn-Imew tIƒ°m≥ {i≤- Fd-Wm-Ip-fw, Xr{]-bm¿, sImSp-ß-√q¿ t]mep≈
bn-√m-sX, S-∏p-c-°-emiw tIƒ°m≥ _≤-s∏-Sp- Nne- t£-{X-ß-fnte km[n-°q. A]q¿∆ taf-ßƒ
∂-h¿ √ tafmkzmZI-cmtWm? Ah¿°v D’-h- apgp-h≥ Ac-tß-dp∂ Kpcp-hm-bq¿t]mepw, tafm-
Øns‚ ]©mcn taf-sa-∂m¬ S-∏p-c-bnse sNº- kzm-Z--Øns‚ √ thZn-bmbn Bkzm-Z-I¿ ImWp-
S-ta-f-amWv! Hs´mcp-]-cn[nhsc ChnsS tafw hne- ∂n-√. tafm-kzm-Z-I¿ Xnßn-°q-Sp-∂, A]q¿∆ taf-
bn-cp-Ø-s∏-Sp-∂Xv taf-Øns‚ im_vZn-I-s°m-gp- ßƒ sIm´m≥ {]m]vX-cmb hmZy-°m¿ AWn-n-c-
∏n¬am{Xw A`n-c-an-°p-∂-h-cpsS A`n-{]m-b-Øn¬ °p∂ Xr∏q-Wn-Øp-dbn¬ AXn-∂hkcan-√Xm-pw.
- - - - - -

8


]Xn-Im-e-ßƒ IpdpIn ]©mcn a´n¬ XpSßn S- kmw-kv°m-cnI tI{µ-ßfpw Xr∏q-Wn-Øp-d-bpsS
am-‰Øn-eqsS X-Xmb hy‡nXzw {]m]n-°p∂ Cu
- al-Ømb Iem-]m-c-ºcyw ne-n¿Øp-∂-Xnepw
sNº-S-ta-f-ßƒ Bkzm-Z-I-lr-Z-b-Ønepw ]Xn-tb- hf¿Øp-∂-Xnepw henb ]¶p-h-ln-°p-∂p-≠v.
≠-Xt√? AXn-p≈ G‰hpw √ Ah-k-c-am-Wn- D’h kzm[ow
hnsS jvS-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.
D’-h-]m-c-ºcyw F¥m-bmepw C∂v kao-]-
H∂pIq-Sn. taf-Øns‚ kncm-tI-{µ-am-bn´pw IY- t£-{X-ß-fnte°pw i‡n-bmb kzm[ow sNep-
I-fnbpw kwKo-Xhpwt]mse Xr∏q-Wn-Øp-d°m-cpsS
- ØnØp-S-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂v ImWmw. taf-]m-c-
c‡-Ønep≈XmtWm tafw? As√-∂p-thWw ]d- ºcyw Xma-cw-Ip-f-ß-cbpw, kwKoXw N°w-Ip-f-ß-
bm≥. AXv Xriq-cn¬ n∂v ]dn-®p--´-Xm-sW∂v cbpw √ ne-bn¬ Gs‰-Sp-Øn-cn-°p-∂p. KoX-˛-
{ih-W-am-{X-bn¬ Ap-`-h-s∏-Spw. Xriq¿°m-cn- r-Ø-˛-hm-Zy-ß-tf-Xpw-˛-A-]q¿∆-ta-f-ßƒhsc ]Tn-
√mØ Hcp D’-h-tafw ChnsS k¶¬∏n-°m-m- °m≥ thW-sa-¶n¬ C∂n-hnsS Ah-k-c-ap-≠v.
hptam? taf-tØ-°mƒ Bgv∂n-dßn-bhcv ChnsS
- - hyXy-kvX-ssi-en-bn-ep≈ Xmb-º-I-Ifpw, Np‰p-h-
kwKo-XØnpw IY-Ifn-°p-ap-≠v.
- - ´-Øp≈ t£{X-k-t¶-X-ß-fn¬ apgßnØpS-ßn-bn-
H∂p]-dbmsX hø. Bbpw hmZyhpw Xr∏q-
- cn-°p-∂p. ]m≠n-bnepw ]©-hm-Zy-Ønepw acSv
Wn-Øp-d-°m-cpsS Zu¿∫-ey-am-Wv. hmZy-°m-tcbpw Xr∏q-Wn-Øp-d°v Hcp]Sn ap∂n-em-Wv. IY-I-fn-°p-
Iem-Im-c-∑m-tcbpw Gsd BZ-cn-°p-∂-m-SmWv am{Xw (IY-Ifn tI{µsØ ad-∂p-sIm-≠√) Hcp
Xr∏q-Wn-Øp-d. I- Ø - t hZn F¥p- s Imt≠m D≠m- I p- ∂ - X mbn
Xr∏q-Wn-Øpd D’-h-˛-hm-Zy-]m-c-º-cy-sØ-˛- ImWp-∂n-√.
m-Sns‚ hmZy-˛-taf Bkzm-Z-sØ, hna¿i tafw-˛-I-Y-I-fn-˛-kw-KoXw C{X ka-RvP-k-
_p≤ym kz¥w-n-e-bn¬ tm°n-°m-WpI am{X- ambn ktΩ-fn-°p∂ as‰m-cp-mSv ImWm-m-hn-√.
am- W n- h nsS sNbv X - X v . Xr∏q- W n- Ø p- d - b psS at‰- sXmcp Iem- ] m- c- º - cy- a p≈ mSm- bmepw ˛
Iem-]m-c-ºcyw B¿°pw Ipd®p ImWm-m-hn√ H∂ns‚ B[n-Iy-Øn¬ as‰m-∂ns‚ A`mhw As√-
{io]q¿Æ-{X-boi t£{X-Ønp ]pdsa m´n-ep≈ ¶n¬ Ipdhv Ap-`hs∏-Sm-Xn-cn-°n-√. Iem-cw-KsØ
- -
a‰p-t£-{X-ß-fpw, B¿.-F¬.-hn. tImtf-Pv, IY-I- Cu kma-RvPkyw Xr∏q-Wn-Øpd D’-h-Øns‚
fn, kwKo-X˛Iq-Sn-bm´ tI{µ-ßƒ XpSßn ]e Iem-
-- kw`m-h--bm-Wv.

XnømSn cma≥ :˛ apf-¶p-∂Øp-Imhv "XnømSn cma≥ ºym¿'. DZ-bm-kvXab°qØ-S°w henb Xnøm´v
- -
S-Øp-hm≥ {]m]vXn-bp≈ Ccp-h-cn¬ AZzn-Xo-b≥. XnI™ tafm-kzm-Z-I≥. Ct∏mƒ Xr∏q-Wn-Øp-d-
bn¬ Xma-kw.

mVecf MjCX
D’h Znhkßfn¬ ùMrakebfnfvgúf¬ svÖxbfäTgkW
ceùlceCx släfãfTgÿlx. FlfvebMõceã svÖx Y©pv~WTx
bBfheëeãf Dqh¥fTebgÿleCx.

9


taf-ß-fnse kmwkv°m-cn-Ihpw
Ncn-{X-]-c-hp-amb Imev]m-Sp-Iƒ
v ]n.-F≥. ºq-Xncn v

Ie- I - s f√mw Xs∂ kwkv ° m- c - Ø ns‚ c≠p-ap-J-ß-tfm-Sp-IqSn {]I-Sn-∏n-°p∂ coXnbpw
k¥- X n- I - f m- W v . as‰m- c p- X - c - Ø n¬ ]d- ™ m¬ tIc-f-Øns‚ kzØm-Wv. taf-ß-fpsS D¤-h-Im-e-
kwkv°m-cØns‚ kq£vamw-ißƒIqSn Ie-Ifn¬
- - - Øp-Xs∂ Cu coXn ne-hn¬ h∂n-cn-°-Ww.
Bg-Øn¬ Bte-Jw sNbvXn-´p-≠m-Ipw. Ah ImcWw IqSp-X¬ {]mNo-Xzw Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp∂
AXy¥w Kp]vXßfmbpw hy‡-ßfmbpw tcJ-s∏-
- - - ]m≠n- t a- f - Ø nepw CXv Zriy- a m- W v . AXy¥w
Sp-Øn-bhbm-Imw. Nne-t∏m-g√, an°-t∏mgpw Ncn-{X-
- - - hnfw_-Im-e-Øn¬ XpSßn {ZpXtam AXn-{Zp-Xtam
Im-c∑m¿ Zp¿{Kl-ßfmb ]e ]cn-Wm-aßtfbpw
- - - - Bb Ime-Øn¬ Iem-in-°pI BWt√m taf-ssi-
hymJym-n-°m≥ Ie-Isf B{i-bn°mdp≠v. CØcw
]T-ßfn¬ A{]-[m-ßsf∂p X≈-s∏-´hbmhmw
- - - - - -
a‰p-Nn-e¿°v A¤p-Xm-hlamb Is≠-Øep-Iƒ°v
- - -
hgn-sbm-cp-°p-I. bi:ico-cmb Cf-¶pfw Ip™≥
-
]n≈-bpsS ]T-ßƒ CXnp nZ¿i-am-W.v {]Ir-
- -
jvSßfmb Ie-Isf Ap-[m-hw sNbvXp-In-´p∂
- -
nK-aßtf-°mƒ {]mIr-Xhpw Ap-jTm-]cß-
- - - v - -- -
fp- a mb Ie- I sf ]Tn- ® m¬ In´p- ∂ - h bv ° v
sshinjvSyw IqSmw. ImcWw Ah {Kmao-WcpsS -
kw`m-hIfm-W.v Xnd, sXøw, apSn-tb‰v XpS-ßn-b-
- - -
hbv°v Cu kz`mhw D≠v. Ah, {]IrjvS Ie-I-
tfmfw Kth-jI¿°v A{X Ffp∏w hg-ßp-Ibn-s√-
- -
s∂mcp sshj-ay-ap-≠v. Ah-bpsS ASn-th-cp-Iƒ
hfsc Bg-Øn-em-sW-∂-XmWv CXnp Imc-Ww.
AXp-Xn-cs™-ØpI {ia-Icam-W.v F¶nepw Atz-
- - -
j-WØnv Hcp {]tXyI kpJ-ap-≠.v
-
tIc-f-Øn-p-am{Xw Ah-Im-i-s∏-´-Xmb Hcp
A¤pX Iem-cq-]-k-aq-l-amWv taf-ß-fpw, ]©-hm-
Zy-hpw, Xmbw-]Ibpw a‰pw. Chbv°v Xpeytam kam-
-
tam Bb Hscm‰ Iem-cq]w t]mepw temIØv
Fhn-tSbpw Ds≠∂p tXm∂p-∂n-√. kl-{km-_vZ-
ß- t fmfw ]g- ° - a p≈ taf- ß ƒ Fßs
F¥n¬n∂v cq]w-sIm-≠p- F∂v Duln-°p-hm≥
X°-hÆw tcJ-I-sfm∂pw e`y-a√ Xs∂. AXp- en. Xmf-Ønse AXm-Xp-Im-e-ß-fnse A£c
sIm-≠p-X-s∂ Ah-bpsS ]g°w n¿Æ-bn-°m-h- kwJy-Isf ASp-Ø-Im-e-Øn¬ ]Ip-Xn-bm°n Ipd-
X-√. temI-Øn¬ Fhn-tSbpw D¤-hn-°p-Itbm bv°-W-sa-∂-Xn-m¬, AXn-p-]m-I-Øn¬ Imew
ne-n¬°p-Itbm sNøm-Ø-hn[w Xmf-ßsf Ib-‰pI F∂ coXn-bpw, Imew Iem-in®v ASp-Ø-

10


Xn-te°p IS-°pI An-hm-cy-am-b-hbv°v ne- ambn sIm´p-Iƒ Ipd-bp∂ H∂ma-sØ-Øcw taf-
hnse Ime-Øns‚ Ccń°mew hsc Ib-‰pI ßsf Ap-tema taf-ß-sf-∂pw, A£-c-Ime
F∂ coXnbpw taf-ß-fn-ep-≠v. Imew Iem-in- hyXym-k-Ønp {]Xn-tem-a-am-bn, AY-hm, hn]-co-
°msX ASpØ Ime- Ø n- t e°v IS- ° p- ∂ - h - Xm-p-]m-X-Øn¬ sIm´p-Iƒ°v G‰-°p-d-®n¬ hcn-
bv°p≈ {Ia-ambn apdp-Ip∂ ssien lnµp-ÿmn I-bm¬ c≠m-asØ hI taf-ßsf {]Xn-tema taf-
kwKo- X - Ø n¬ I≠p- a p- ´ m- s a- ¶ nepw, taf- ß sf ßƒ F∂pw hyh-l-cn-°mw.
AXns‚ Nph-Sp-]n-Sn-®mWv Nn´-sN-bvXsX∂p Ap-
- LS-m-]-c-ambn c≠mbn Xncn-°m-hp∂ taf-
am-n-°p-∂Xv bmYm¿XyØn¬ n∂p-ap≈ Hfnt®m- ß-fn¬ ]ucm-Wn-IXzw IqSp-X-ep≈ taf-ßƒ°v
´-amtb Icp-Xm-sm-°q. kao] {]tZ-i-ß-fp-ambn Dƒs°m-≈m-hp-∂n-S-tØmfw kmwkv°m-cnI LS-
D≠m- I m- n- S - b p≈ kº¿°- ß ƒ°p- t ]mepw I-ßƒ A¿∆m-No-ßfmbhbpƒs°m-≈pI {]bm-
- -
XymPy-amb kzm[o-ap≈ tIc-fIem-¥co£w hnZq-
- - - - k-am-Wv. F∂m¬ Cu ap≥hn-[n-tbmsS taf-ßsf
c-amb DØ-tc-¥y≥ ssiensb k¿∆m-flm kzoI- kao-]n-°p-∂Xv bp‡n-lo--amb am¿§-am-Wv. ]g-
cn®p F∂v k¶-ev]n-°p-∂Xv bp‡n-low Xs∂. bh Dev]Øn kw_-‘n-I-fmb kqN--Iƒ Xcp-
Aßs tm°p- t ºmƒ taf- ß - f psS Dd- h nSw tºmƒ, Xmc-X-tay ]pXn-bh hf¿®-bpsS Ncn{Xw
tIcfw Xs∂ F∂ nK-a--Øn¬ FØp-∂p. shfn-s∏Sp-Øp-∂-h-bm-Ipw. H∂v c≠m-b-tijw
F¶n¬ Fßs F∂ tNmZyw Np‰p-]m-Sp-ap≈ kI- Ah-bpsS Nph-Sp-]n-Sn-®p-am-{Xta ]n∂oSph∂-h-bp-
e-Xn-te°pw Hcp ]Tn-Xm-hns‚ {i≤sb sIms≠- ≠m-bn-´p-≠m-hp-I-bp-≈q. AXp-sIm≠v ]cn-Wm-a-
Øn-°p-∂p. am¿§-ßfpw Zi-Ifpw Am-h-cWw sNøp-hm≥
Cu coXn-bn¬ taf-ßsf ]Tn-°p-∂-Xnv ]pXn- b - h - b psS klmbw AXym- h - i y- a m- W v .
Ahsb hI-Xn-cn®v hni-I-ew sNtø-≠n-bn-cn-°p- F¶nepw ne-hn-ep-≈-h-bn¬ G‰hpw ]pcm-Xw
∂p. taf-ßfpsS LS ]cn-tim-[n-®m¬ Ah {][m-
- GXm-sW∂v n¿Æ-bn-t°-≠Xv {]kvXpX ]T--
-ambpw c≠p-Xcßfm-sW∂p a- n-em-°mw. Ime-
- - - Ønv AXy-¥m-t]-£n-X-am-Wv.
am‰w hcp-∂-Xn--p-k-cn®v CS-¥-e-bnse sIm´p- {]mNo--XzsØ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ t¿tIm-
Iƒ Ipd-bp-∂-hbpw A√m-Ø-h-bp-am-Wv Ah. ep-I-sf-s°m≠v nd™ ]m≠n-ta-f-amWv G‰hpw
H∂masØ hIp-∏nse taf-ßƒ°v Xmf-Øns‚ BZyw DS-se-Sp-ØXv F∂p-d-∏n-°p-∂Xv bp‡n-k-
eLp-°-fpsS CS-bnse sIm´p-I-fpsS FÆ-Øn¬ l-am-sW∂v CXn-p-apºv ImWn-®n-´p-≠v. Cu A`n-
Xr]vXn-bp-≈-t∏mƒ, c≠m-asØ hIp-∏n¬ Xmf-h- {]m-bsØ {]_-e-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-XmWv Ap-tema
´-Ønse BsI sIm´p-IfpsS FÆw BZy¥w am‰-
- taf-ß-fnse ]Xn-Im-e-Øns‚ BZy-`m-Kw. Cu taf-
an- √ msX ne- n¿Øp- ∂ p. ê- Ø n¬ H∂v ß- f nse ]Xn- I mew "XInS'bntebv°v
BZy¥w NXp-c-{i-K-Xn-bn¬ Du∂n-n¬°p-tºmƒ, IS°p∂Xphsc t¿tIm¬ {][m- - ß - f m- W v .
at‰Xv A¥y-L-´-Øn¬ AXn-te-bvs°-Øp-∂p. Ap-tema taf-ß-fnse ]Xn-Im-e-Ønse Cu
c≠m-asØ hI taf-ßƒ Xmf-h-´-Ønse A£- ]q¿∆- L ´w ]e- n- e bv ° pw ]m≠n- t a- f - Ø ns‚
c-Imew Ipd-bp∂ apdbv°v eLp-°-fpsS CS-bnse kz`mhw {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂p. am{X-a√, Ipd-®p-IqSn Bg-
-
sIm´p-Isf Cc-ń-bmbn h¿≤n-∏n-°p-tºmƒ, H∂ma- Øn-te-bv°n-dßn-bm¬, ]Xn-Im-eØnse Cu BZy-
- -
Øh Xmf-h-´-Ønse BsI sIm´p-Isf ]IpXn `m-Kw, CX-c-`m-K-ß-fn¬ n∂pw thdn-´p-n-ev°p-∂-
hoX-am-°n-°p-d-bv°p-∂p. c≠nepw sIm´p-I-fpsS Xmbpw Ap-`-h-s∏-Spw. ]m≠n-ta-f-Øns‚ Xpd-∂-
FÆw ¢n]vX-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. H∂n¬ eLp-°- Sn-I-em-in-°p-∂n-S-Øpw, Ap-tema taf-ß-fnse
fpsS CS-bv°p-≈-Xnepw as‰-Xn¬ Xmf-h-´-Ønse ]Xn-Im-e-Ønse BZy-`mKw Iem-in-°p-∂n-SØpw
BsI-bp-≈-Xnepw Ft∂ hyXym-k-ap≈p. Ch- Htc XcØnep≈ hmZ k-{º-Zmbw ImWmw.
bn¬. A£-c-°me hyXym-k-Øn-m-p-]m-Xn-I- Aßn-s, AtX-hsc Hcp ]q¿∆-ta-f-Øns‚ ]co-

11


W- X - c q- ] - ß - f mbn {]Xn apdp-tI-≠n-h-
DS- s e- S pØ Ch, cp- ∂ p. taf- ß sf
Cu L´- Ø n- p- Cu kz`m-h-Øns‚
tijw Ap-tem-a- ASn- ÿ m- - Ø n¬
{]-Xn-tem-a-ß-fmbn c≠p- h- I p∏mbn
]ncn-™-Xm-h-Ww. Xncn-°mw. Ahsb
t¿tIm¬ {][m-- {Ia- { Zp- X - t a- f - ß -
amb H∂t{X apSn- sf∂pw hyp¬{I-a-
tb-‰nse Imfn-]p-d- {ZpX taf- ß -
∏nse hmZy- s si- sf∂pw hyh-l-cn-
en. apSn- t b‰v Hcp °mw. {Ia-{Zp-X-ta-f-
imt‡-b-I-em-cq-]- ßƒ°v Ime-
am-Wv. Imfn°v apSn- n¿Æ-b-Øn¬
h-bv°p-∂Xn-p-apºv
- ]›m¬K- a - - a n- √ .
tZhn°v aZy-sa∂ k¶-ev]-tØm-SpIqSn Ipdp-∏-∑m¿ adn®v hyp¬{I-a-{ZpX taf-ßƒ°m-Is´ Imew-{]Xn
mfn-tIcw DS®v AXnse sh≈-tØmSpIqSn nth- ]›m¬K-aw An-hm-cy-am-Wp-Xm-pw. Cu kz`m-
Zn-°pI ]Xn-hp-≠v. im‡-Z¿i--Øn¬ CXns h-ssh-]-coXyw Ah-bpsS ioe-ß-tfbpw kzm[o-
km[q-I-cn-°p∂ {]amWw bYm-h-kcw D≤-cn-°p- n-°p-∂p-≠v. Ch-bn¬Øs∂ hyp¬{I-a-{ZpX taf-
∂p-≠v. Hcp tZho-t£-{X-Øn-em-sW-¶nte CXn-√m- ß-fpsS Xmf-L-S Hcp {]tXy-I-ssien Dƒs°m-
bvI-bp-≈p. Kp≠¿´v nL-≠p-hn¬ ]m≠n F∂- ≈p-∂p-≠v. s]mXpth taf-ß-fp-tSbpw ]©-hm-Zy-
Xv, _en-°-f-bp-hm≥ hmg-t∏m-f-sIm-≠p-≠m-°p∂ Øn-s‚bpw ]Xn-™-Im-e-ßƒ Ah-bpsS apdp-In-
cq]-Øn¬ Ipcp-tØme dp-°p-Ip-Øn-b-Xm-sW∂p b-Im-e-Øns‚ ]cm-h¿Ø--ß-fm-Wv. B ASn-
ImWp∂p (Kp-≠¿´v nL-≠p-]pdw 600). CXp c≠pw ÿm LS BZy¥w ne-n¿tØ-≠-Xp-am-Wv.
h®p-tm-°n-bm¬, ]m≠n-tafw GtXm A]-cn-jvIr- AY-hm, GsX-¶nepw L´-Øn¬ AXv ewLn-°-
Xtcm A[:IrXtcm Bb Hcp h¿§-Øns‚ GtXm s∏-´m¬, kmam-y-t{im-Xm-°-fpsS {i≤-bn¬ ]Xn-
imt‡- b - I - e m- c q- ] - Ø nse hmZy- h n- t i- j - Ø n¬ ™n-s√-¶nepw, B Iem-cq-]-Øn-tmSpw Xmf-Øn-
n∂pw ]cn-W-an-®tXm ]cn-W-an-∏n-®tXm Bhm≥ tmSpw sNøp∂ ISpØ A]-cm-[-am-Wv. XmfsØ
km≤y-X-bp-≠v. Aß-s-bm-sW-¶n¬ t¿tIm¬ Cßs hnfw-º-c-s∏-Sp-Øp∂Xv Hcp ASn-ÿm--
ndhpw imt‡-b-_-‘hpw ]m≠n-ta-fsØ AXn- X-XzsØ Ah-ew-_n-®m-Wv. B ASnÿmw sNº-
{]m-No--am-°n-Øo¿°p-∂-Xm-bn-Im-Wmw. S-Xm-f-am-Wv. F∂p-h-®m¬ Xmf-ßsf ]Xn-™-n-
taf-ßƒ {]I-S-am-°p∂ thsdmcp {]tXy-I- e- b n- s e- Ø n- ° p- ∂ Xv sNº- S - ° - W - ° n- e m- s W-
X-bmWv NXp-c-{i-K-Xn. BZy¥w NXp-c{iKXnsb ∂¿∞w. Cu nb-a-a-p-k-cn®v ]©mcn 12 sNº-S-
Ap-h¿Øn-°p∂ taf-ßfpw Ah-kmw AXn- bm-bpw, Nº 10 sNº-S-bm-bpw, sNº-Sbpw A©-
te°v FØn-t®-cp∂ taf-hp-ap-≠v. BZy¥ NXp-c- S-¥bpw 8 sNº-S-bm-bpw, AS-¥bpw {[phhpw 7
{i- K - X n- b p≈ taf- ß ƒ°v , Ime- ß ƒ Iem- i n- sNº-S-bmbpw, AXm-Xns‚ ]Xn-Im-e-Øn¬ h¿≤n-
°msX ASpØ Ime-Øn-te°v IS-°p-hm≥ Ap- °p-∂p. {Ia-{Zp-X-ta-f-ßƒ°v Cu nbaw _m[-I-a-
hm-Zan-√. Ah-km-Im-eØn¬ am{Xw NXp-c{i-KXn
- - - - √. AXns‚ Poh≥, Hmtcm L´-Ønepw Xmf-L-S-
kzoI-cn-°p∂ taf-ßƒ°v Ime-ßƒ Iem-in®v - b n¬ hcp- Ø p∂ sshNn- { Xy- a m- W v. Cu
ASpØXnte°v {]th-in-°pI F∂ coXn kzoIm- sshNn{XywsIm≠v Hmtcm L´hpw hyXy-kvX-amb
cy-hp-a-√. X∑qew Ah {Ia-ambn apdp-Ip-∂-h-bm- ssNX-y-Øn-p-S-a-bm-Ip-∂p. {Ia-{Zp-X-h¿§-Ønse
Wv. BZy¥w NXp-c{i-KXn-bp≈ taf-ßƒ°v Imew-
- - AwK-amb ]m≠n-ta-f-Øn¬, XpS°w apX¬ Hmtcm

12


L´-Ønepw Xmf-ssi-enbpw Iem-i-co-Xnbpw tafw- ]S-]p-d∏m-Sp-Ifpw, bp≤-h´hpw, bp≤hpw a‰pw IpØn-
- -
sIm-´p∂ coXnbpw hyXym-k-s∏-Sp-∂p-≠v. CXm-Wp- n-d-®v, XpS¿∂v ]Xn™ ]Z-ßfpw kv{Xoth-j-cw-
Xmpw AXns‚ BI¿j-Wo-bXbv°v {][m-amb - - K-ßfpw Ah-X-cn-∏n-®m¬ Acßv Dd-ßn-b-a-´m-Ipw.
Hcp Imc-Ww. a‰p taf-ßƒ°v, AXm-bXv hyp¬{I- CXv Hcp t]mcm-bva-bm-sW-¶n¬ {]kvXp-X-ÿnXn
a-{ZpX taf-ßƒ°v, Cu kz`m-h-an-√-X-s∂. Ah hntijw hyp¬{I-a-{Zp-X-ta-f-ß-fnepw ImWmw. Hcp
]c-s∂m-gp-Ip∂ Zn-Isft∏mem-sW-¶n¬, {Ia-{Zp- Imew XpSßn {ZpX-K-Xn-bn-seØn cwKw Iog-S-°n-
X-ta-fßƒ ]md-s°-´p-Ifpw Xmgvhmc-Ifpw nd-™-
- °-gn-™m¬ B Imew Iem-in-°p-I-bm-bn. AtXm-
X- e - Ø n- e qsS IpØn- ® m- S n- s bm- g pIn Npgn- I fpw sS, AtX-hsc nd-™p-n∂ mZ-[mc apdn™v
i‡n-bmb Hgp°n-∂p-S-a-bp-ambhbpsS kz`m-h- A{]-Xy-£-am-Ip∂ Hcp {]XoXn DZv`q-X-am-Ip-∂p.
amWv {]I-S-am-°p-∂-Xv. hyp¬{I-a-{ZpX hIp-∏nse {Ia- { Zp- X - t a- f - ß - f psS Ap- { I- a - I m- e m- t cm- l W
{]kn-≤-amb ]©m-cn-bn¬ am{Xw k¿∆-km-[m-c- ssien-bm-tWm, AtXm hyp¬{I-a-{Zp-X-ta-f-ß-fpsS
W- a mbn S- ∏ p≈ H‰t°m¬ k{º- Z m- b - a t{X CuZri-X-cw-Km-ﬂ-I-Im-em-tcm-l-Wm-h-tcm-lW
AXns kzmZn-jvS-am-°p-∂-Xv. an°-hmdpw c≠p coXn-bmtWm {]mNow F∂Xv N¿®m hnj-b-am-
tImep-I-fp-]-tbm-Kn®v am{Xw a‰p hyp¬{I-a-{Zp-X t°-≠-Xm-Wv. Hcp hkvXpX tcsØ bp‡y-p-
tafßƒ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂Xp-sIm-≠mImw Ah kmcw n¿Æ-bn-®p-I-gn-™-Xm-Wv. sIm´p-I-fpsS
Zp¿e-`-am-bn-am{Xw cwK-sØ-Øp-∂-Xv. Ah-bnepw kz`m-h-Ønse {]mNo--XzsØ ASn-ÿm {]am-
H‰t°m¬ k{º-Zmbw Acp-Xm-bvIbn-√. Hcp ]t£ - W- a m- ° p- I - b m- s W- ¶ n¬ {Ia- { ZpX taf- ß - f mWv
taf-Øns‚ ssZ¿Lyw Hcp LS-I-am-bn-´p-≠m-Imw. {]mNo--ßƒ. F¶n¬ hyp¬{I-a-{Zp-X-ta-f-ß-fnse
F¶n¬, Hs´ms° ]©m-cn-bpsS ka-b-tØmfw Xmf- ] - ≤ Xn XnI®pw A¿∆m- N o- - a mtb Xocp.
{]tbm-Kn-°m-hp-∂Xpw A©p-Im-e-Øns‚ Nn´-bp- Cßs Cu c≠p taf-]-≤-Xn-I-fp-tSbpw Ime-
≈-Xp-amb (N-º°v mep-Im-e-®n´-bp-ap-≠v) Nº- n¿Æbw sNøp-tºmƒ AtX hnj-b-kw-_-‘n-
tafw hnc-f-amtb Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s∏-Sm-dp-≈q. CSw bmbn Ah-bn¬ thtdbpw LS-I-ßƒ Hfn™p-
ssIbpsS mZw sIm≠p-am{Xw ]©mcn "taP¿ In-S-∏p-≠m-Imw. Ah, Hcp ]t£, taf-ß-fn-tebv°v
taf'ambn F∂-XmWv hmkvX-hw. ]©m-cn-bpsS Ipsd-°qSn shfn®w hoin-tb-°mw. A{]-[m--sa∂v
C∂p S-∏p≈ ]Xn-Imew A{X ]g-°-ap-≈-X- {]Y-a-Zr-jvSym- t_m-[-ap-≠m-°p-∂-h-bmImw Hcp
s√∂p ÿm]n-°m≥ bp‡n-I-fp-≠v. AXn-p-apºv ]p:]T--Ønv apXn-cp-tºmƒ {][m--ß-fm-bn-Øo-
Nº-bm-bn-cp∂p G‰hpw hen-b-ta-fw. Aßs cp-I.
tm°p-tºmƒ ]m≠n-bpsS Akm-amy {]`m-h- Hcp ]Xnhv F∂ ne-bn¬ {Ia-{ZpX taf-
tØmSv InS- n- e v ° m≥ {]m]v X - a m- ° m- mImw ßƒ hyp¬{I- a - { Zp- X - t a- f - Ø ns‚ XpS¿®- b mbn
C∂sØ ]Xn- I m- e sØ Nn´- s ∏- S p- Ø n- b Xpw {]tbm-Kn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. Cu {IasØ Hcp {][m--h-
CSwssI k{º-Zmbw Dƒs°m-≈n-®-Xpw. Fß-s- kvXp-X-bmbn ]cn-K-Wn-®m¬, hyp¬{I-a-{ZpX ]≤-
bm-bmepw {Ia-{Zp-X-kz-`mhw DW¿Øp∂ sshIm- Xn-bn¬ n∂pw hyXn-N-en-®mWv {Ia-{ZpXzw cq]w-
cn-Im-thi w hyp¬{Ia-{Zp-X-Xz-Ønv Ah-Im-i-s∏- sIm-≠p-sX∂p ]d-tb-≠n-h-cpw. CXv a‰p nK-a--
Sm≥ km[n-°p-I-bn-√. Xnan-e-Ifpw a±-f-ßfpw Ah- ßƒ°v hn]-co-X-am-Ibpw sNøpw. AXp-sIm≠v
cp-tS-Xmb `mK-ßƒ ka¿∞ambn {]tbm-Kn®v Hcp Cu {Iaw thsd h√Xpw [zn-∏n-°p-∂pt≠m F∂v
Iq´n-s°m´pw Ign™v CS-bv°bv°v cwKw Hgn™p- Atz-jn-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. CXn-p-apºv HcnSØp
sIm-Sp-°p-tºmƒ, AtX-hsc a±-fhpw Xnan-ebpw kqNn-∏n-®-Xpt]m-se, t£{X-ß-fn¬ Xncp-ap-‰Øpw
tN¿s∂m-cp-°nb i_vZ-{]-]©w A∏msS jvS- aXn-e-IØpw ]Xn-hp≈ Hcp tafw, aXn-e-IØp
s∏´v ]©-hmZyw Hcp n»-_vZm-h-ÿsb {]m]n- {]th-in-°m≥t]mepw Ah-Im-i-an-√mØ Hcp taf-
°p-∂-Xm-bn-°m-Wmw. AtX-t]mse, IY-I-fn-bn¬ Ønv ]q¿∆mw-K-ambn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-I-bm-Wt√m
BZy-cw-Kßfn¬ Xnc-tm-°p-Ifpw, Xt‚-Sm-´ßfpw,
- - - ]Xn-hv. GtXm Hcp imt‡-b-k-{º-Zm-b-Øn¬

13


n∂pw Dcp-Øn-cn-™sX∂p k¶-ev]n-°m-hp∂ {Ia-
-
{Zp-X-ta-f-ßƒ, i‡ym-cm-[m hn[n-I-fpsS {]tXy-
I-X-Iƒs°m-≠mImw t£{X-a-Xn-e-IØp n∂pw
{`jvS-am-b-Xv. i‡ym-cm-[-°v "a'Imc ]©Iw
AXy-¥m-t]-£n-X-ß-fm-Wv. im‡-Z¿i--Øn¬.
""aZyw-amwkw XYm-a’yw ap{Zm-ssa-Yp--ta-hN
aIm-c-]-©Iw IrXzm-]p-¿÷-∑ hnZytX''
(im-‡-Z¿iw 5. ]pdw 126)
F∂p ImWp-∂p. aIm-c-]-©Iw Xs∂ euIn-I-
sa∂pw buKn-I-sa∂pw c≠p-X-c-ambn IW-°m-°-
s∏-Sp-∂p. hmNym¿∞-kzo-Ir-X-ßsf euIn-I-ß-
sf∂pw [zym¿∞-kzo-Ir-X-ßsf buKn-I-sa∂pw ""Iuf-an-{i-]-Yu-tl-bu-n-Xyw-Ku-cn-Zzo-Pm-Xn`n:'
IW-°m-°p-∂p. AYhm t`mK-kw-_-‘m¿∞-kzoim‡-Z¿iw Cu hnj-b-Øn¬,
Ir- X - ß sf euIn- I - s a∂pw cmP- t bm- K - k w- _ -
‘m¿∞-kzo-Ir-X-ßsf buKn-I-sa∂pw hyh-l-cn- "im‡mmw Ipem-Nm-tcm-an-{im-Nmc:ka-bm-Nmc:
°p-∂p. buKnI am¿§-Øn¬ ]©-a-Im-c-ßƒ°v, CXn-t`-tZ am¿§-{X-b-ap-Ny-tX. tXjmw at[yb
{X]q¿t∆m‡ euIn-I-]-©-a-Im-cmWmw {Iobm
1. aZyw
flI: {]tbmtKm h¿Ø-tX, XYm NXp¿∆-¿§mWmw
""tkma-[m-cm-£tcZvbmXp {_“-c{‘m-Zz-cm-tX
- -
at[y- I m- a kym¿∞ky- N - ] p- c p- j m¿∞- Z z- b ky
]oXzm--µ-a-b-kvXzmwb:k Gh aZy-km-[I:
em`m¿∞w apJy-`m-th-m-p-jvTm--©-hn-ZytX k
2. amwkw Gh Ipe-am¿t§m thZ-hn-cp≤:''
am˛-i_Zm-{Z-km-t⁄-bm-XZw-im≥ck-m-{]ntb
- v - - (im. Z. 125)
kZmtbm`-£-tb-t±-hn-k-G-h-amw-k-km-[I: F∂v hn[n-°p-∂p. `mhm-Nm-c-N¿®-bn¬ Ah-Xs∂
3. a’yw im‡-Z¿i--Im-c≥ kn≤m-¥n-°p-∂p. hniz-km-c-
KwKm-b-ap--tbm¿Ω-t≤y-Zzua’ym NcX:kZm X-{¥-{]-Imcw.
Xua-’u-`£tbZvbkvXp-k`th-∑’y-km-[I:
- - - - - -
4. ap{Zm "sshZn-Iw-ssh-jWhw ssihw Z£nWw]m-ihw kvarXw
v
kl-{kmcw alm-]tfl I¿Æn-Im-ap-{Zo-Xm-Ntc¬ - kn≤m-¥-hm-ta-ho-tcXp Znhyw k¬°u-f-ap-NytX'
BflmX- s s{X- h - t Z- t h- i n- t I- h e:]mc- t Zm- ] a: CXn¬ n∂pw DØ-a-]-ip-`m-h-Ønv sshZn-I-ssh-
kqcy-tIm-Sn-{]-Xo-Im-i-›-{µ-tImSn kpio-Xf: jvWh ssih-Z-£n-Wm-Nm-c-ß-ft{X hnln-X-am-bn-
AXo- h - I - a - o- b - › - a - l m- I p- W v U - e n- o- b pX: ´p-≈-Xv. hoc-`m-h-Ønv hmam-Nm-chpw Znhy-`m-h-
bky-⁄m-tm-Z-b-kvX-{X-ap-{Zm-km-[-I-D-Ny-tX. Ønv Iufm-Nm-chpw BN-c-Wo-b-ambn hcp-∂p.
5. ssaYpw k¿t∆m-√m-k-X-{¥-Øn¬,
Ipe-Ip-WvUen-o-i‡n¿t±-ln-mw-tZ-l[m-cnWo
- - - ""BNm-c-aqew PmXn: kymZm-Nmcm:imkv{X-aq-eI:
Xbm-io-hky-kw-tbm-tKm-ssa-Ypw ]cn-Io¿ØnXw''
- tZh- h mIyw imkv { X- a qew tZh:km[- I - a q- e I:
(im-‡Z¿iw 5)
-
{Inbm- a qew km[- I - k y- { Io- b m- ] o- ^ - e - a q- e Im
F∂ k¶-ev]-am-Wv. im‡-∑m-cn¬Øs∂ Iuf- ê- a qew kpJ- t ah kpJ- a m- - µ - a q- e Iw
an-{X-k-a-bm-Nm-c-t`-Z-ap-≠v. Ch-bn¬ {]Ya ]pcp- Bµw ⁄m-aqew N ⁄mw t⁄b-ky-aq-eIw
jm¿∞- { ]m- ] v X n- ap- J y- e - £ y- a mbn ImWp∂ XØz⁄mw t⁄b-am{Xw XØzw-ln-{_-“aq-eIw -
IufnI X{¥w thZ-hn-cp-≤-am-sW∂p ⁄mm¿Æ- {_“-⁄m--ssa-Iy-aq-e-ssaIyw ln k¿∆-aq-eIw
h-X{¥w kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. sFIyw-ln-]-c-ta-im-n-`m-hm-XoXw kpn-›nXw''

14


Hcp hy‡n `mhm-Xo-X-mbn Xocp-∂-Xns‚ {Ia- Iuf-am¿§w thZ-hn-cp-≤hpw {_m“-W¿°v
at{X Cu hcn-I-fn¬ hnh-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. im‡- njn-≤-hp-am-sW-∂n-cn-s°, AXp-ambn _‘-s∏´
Z¿i--Im-c≥ Cu hnjbw "k¿∆w-J-ev]n-Zw-{_“' Hcp Iem-cq-]-Øns‚ k¥-Xn-bmb {Ia-{Zp-X-ta-f-
F∂ D]-n-j-Zzm-Iy-Øn-te°v FØn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. sØ, thZm-Nm-c-k-abm--Nm-c-n-jvT-amb t£{Xm-¶-
""tl ]c- t a- i mn! BNm- c - t ah h¿Æmmw W-Øn¬, Cu nebv°v {]th-in-∏n-°p-∂-Xnte
{]Y- a - I m- c - W w. BNm- c - › - i m- k v { X- P y:, tZh A¤p-X-s∏-Sm-p-≈p. Hs´ms° Iuf-am¿§-kzo-Ir-
hmIym- n- i m- k v { Xm- W n, tZh- › - k m- [ ssI:]qP X-ß-fmb tZho-t£-{X-ß-fn-emWv {Ia-{Zp-X-ta-f-
ob:, {Inbm- h m≥ Jep- k m- [ I: {Iobm- N - ^ e ßƒ {]mIm-cßƒ°p-≈n¬ {]th-in-°p-∂Xv. AY-
- -
km[n- I m, ^e- › - k p- J - t a- h , kpJ- a m- µw: hm˛s]cp-hw ]qc-Ønv Bdm-´p-]pg imkvXm-
⁄maq-eam-µ: t⁄b-aqew ⁄mw, t⁄b
- hns‚ ]m≠n-tafw DZm-l-cWw ˛ CX-c-t£-{X-ß-
am{Xw XØz- a q- e w, XØzw ln {_“- a q- e - I w, fn¬ S-∏p-s≠-¶n¬ AXnv {]tXyI Imc-W-hp-
{_“-⁄mw sFIy-aq-ew, sFIyw ln k¿∆ ap-≠m-Ipw. B hI {]tXyI hnj-b-ß-fn-tebv°v
aqe-Iw, k¿∆w-J-ev]nZw {_t“Xn'' IS-°p-∂Xv Cu ]T-Øns‚ AXn¿Øn°pw A∏p-
-
(im. Z. 5 ]pd. 119) d-Øm-Wv. Imc-Ww, {]kvXpX hnjbw Ap-jvTm-
B- µ - a mWv {_“- Ø ns‚ cq]- K p- W - ß - s f∂v -]-c-ß-fmb a‰p-Nn-e-Xns B{i-bn-°p-∂p-≠m-I-
hmZyhpw thZhpw F∂ teJ--Øn¬ hy‡-am- Ww. am{X-a-√, s]cp-hw Bdm-´p-]pg ]qc-°m-eØv
°n-bn-´p-≠v. taep-≤-cn® k¿t∆m-√m-k-X-{¥-Ønse B {]tZ-i-hm-kn-Iƒ°v {]tXy-I-ambn Nn´-s∏-Sp-
hcn-I-sf-s°m≠pw hniz-km-c-X-{¥-Ønse hcn-I- Øn-bn-´p≈ s]cp-am-‰-®-´w-t]m-se, Hcp {]tZ-i-
sf-s°m≠pw Iuf-am¿t§m-ev]-∂-ß-fmWv taf-ß- Øns‚ apgp- h ≥ c£m- I ¿ØrXzw Iøm- f p∂
sf-∂pw, Ah-bn¬ {Ia-{Zp-X-ta-f-ß-fpsS {]kvXp- aq¿Øn F∂p IW-°m-°-s∏-Sp∂ Hcp alm-t£-
kz-`mhw Cu nK-a--Ønv IqSp-X¬ B°-ap-≠m- {X-Øns‚ X´-I-Ønse a‰p t£{X-ß-fnse NS-
°p- ∂ p- s ≠∂pw a- n- e m- ° mw. Iuf- a m¿§- ßp-Iƒ B aq¿Øn-bpsS lnX-a-p-k-cn®v nP-s∏-
Øn¬Øs∂ euIn- I hpw buKn- I - h p- a mb Sp-Øn-b-h-bp-am-Imw. ChnsS sshZnI ssZhn-I-
am¿§ßfp-≠-t√m. ]pcp-jm¿∞-ß-fn¬ A¿∞-Im- am¿§m- p- k m- c n- b mb Hcp tafw, an{i- s Iutfm-
a- ß sf e£ywh®p≈ {Kmay- I - e m- c q- ] - ß - f n¬ ev]∂amb thsdmcp taf-Ønv ]q¿∆mw-K-ambn
n∂pw Dcp-Øn-cn-™-h-bm-hWw Ch. Imfn-Im-]p- {]tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xnse kmwK-Xyhpw HuNn-Xyhpw
cm-W-Øn¬ _en-{In-b°v arK-ßƒ°p ]I-c-am-bn, ]T-hn-jbam-°p-Ibm-Wv. Ie-ißƒ ]qPn-°p-tºm-
- - - -
gpw, Ah _nw_-Øn-em-Sp-tºmgpw cwK-{]-thiw
""Iqivam-WUan-£p-JWU©aZy-amw-km-khGhN
v - - v - - - - - -
sNøp-∂, AXp-sIm≠pw sshZn-I-ssZ-hn-I-am¿§m-
GtX_en-kam:t{]m‡m-kXr-]vtXm-Om-Kam:kZm''
v
p-km-cn-bm-Ip∂ sNº-S-ta-fw, aXn-¬°-I-Øp-
(Im. ]p. 67. 25)
t]mepw {]th-in-°m-¿l-X-bn-√m-Ø{X {`jvSp-I-
F∂pw, aZy-Øn-p-]-I-c-am-bn,
ev]n-°-s∏-´n-´p≈ Hcp taf-Ønv AI-º-Sn-bmbn
""Ah- i yw- h n- l n- X w- b - { X- a - Z yw- X - { X- Z znP:]p: Xocp-∂Xv A¤p-X-Ønv hI-¬Ip-∂p. sNºS
mcn-tI-tem-Z-Iw-Imw-tky-Xm-t{a-hm-hn-kr-tP-∑[p:'' Xmf-Øn¬ sNº-S--S-bn¬ mep Ime-Øns‚ Nn´-
F∂pw ImWp-∂p. mfn-tI-csh≈w {_m“-W¿°p-
- bp≈ km£m¬ sNº-S-ta-f-Øns‚ GI-tZicq]-
th≠n hn[n®-Xm-sW∂pw hy‡-am-Wv. Iq´-Øn¬ km-Zr-iyw-t]mepw {]I-Sn-∏n-°mØ Cu sNºS taf-
tN¿°-s´, ]m≠n-ta-f-Øns‚ AXm-bXv {Ia-{ZpX sØ- Ø - s ∂ Ft¥, GI Xmf- Ø n¬Øp- S ßn
taf-Øns‚, ]q¿∆-cq-]-ß-fn¬ Hs∂s∂-¶nepw A¥y-L-´-Øn¬ am{Xw ˛ Iem-i-ß-fn-en-s√-∂-√,
k¶¬∏n-t°≠ apSn-tb‰v F∂ Iem-cq]w thW- taf-am-Wn-hnsS {][mw ˛ sNº-S--S-sb, AXm-
sa∂p n›-bn® Znhkw CØcw nth-Zy-ßƒ bXv sshZnI ssZhoI am¿§sØ kzoI-cn-°p∂
S-Øm-dp-s≠∂v Adn-hm-bn-´p-≠v. {Ia-{Zp-X-ta-f-Ønv ]q¿∆mw-K-ambn thW-sa∂p

15


n›-bn®p? AXn¬ shdp-samcp bmZr-—n-IX am{X- em-i-ß-fn¬ Ct∏mƒ S-∏p≈ Xmf-L-S--bnse
ta-bp≈p F∂pw, ]n∂oSv AXv Hcp NS-ßmbn amdn- ]©m-cn-km-∂n≤yw Hcp ]t£ ho--am-Imw.
b-Xp-am-sW∂p ]d-s™m-gn-bp-∂Xv Xo¿Øpw _men- F∂m¬ CXns‚ Ah-km Ime-Øn¬, Cu tafw
i-am-Wv. ]m≠n taf-Ønv ]q¿∆mw-K-am-bn-s°m-´p-tºmƒ,
{]kvXp sNºS taf-tØbpw XpS¿∂p≈ ]©mcn {]Xy-£-s∏-Sm-dp-≠v. Cu taf-Øns‚ Ah-
{Ia-{ZpX taf-tØ-bpw, Ah-bpsS LS--bpsS ASn- km Ime-Ønse BZysØ CS-°-em-i-Øn-p-ap-
ÿm--Øn¬ hni-I-ew sNbvXp ]Tn-®m¬ Hcp ºmWv Cu ]©m-cn-Iƒ cwK-{]-thiw sNøp-∂-Xv.
]t£ Cu BImw- £ bv ° v ]cn- l m- c - a m- I mw. {Ia-{Zp-X-ta-f-amb ]m≠n-bpsS c≠mwIme-Øns‚
t£{X- ß - f nse Xncp- a p‰Øv Ieiw ]qPn- ° p- c≠mw L´-amb CS-Im-e-Ønepw Chsb I≠p-
tºmgpw BSp-tºmgpw sIm´m-dp≈ Cu sNºS taf- ap´mw F∂p-h®v ]m≠n Hcp ho taf-]-≤-Xn-bm-
Ønv c≠p-Im-e-Øns‚ Nn´-tb-bp-≈p {io`q-X-_- sW∂pw sNºS-tb-°mƒ A¿∆m-No--am-sW∂pw
en-bn¬ hen-b -_-en-°-√n¬ Xqhp-tºmƒ DØ-c- hymJym- n- ° p- ∂ Xv bp‡n- k - l - a m- I - b n- √ . Hcp
tI-c-f-Ønepw DØ-c-a[y tIc-f-Ønepw Cu taf- ]t£ ]m≠n-ta-f-Ønepw Nne- L-Sm hnti-j-
amWv ]Xn-hv. B kµ¿`-Øn¬ Zp¿e-`-am-sb-¶nepw ßƒ CS-°m-eØv h∂p-s]-´n-´p-≠m-Imw. ]©m-cn-
32 A£-c-Øns‚ Hcp ]Xn-™-Im-ew sIm´n-t°- ta-f-Ønse C∂sØ ]Xn-Imew Hcp ho kw`m-
t´m¿Ω-bp-≠v. AXv 16 A£-c-Øn-ep≈, ChnsS h--bm-sW-∂v, AXn-p-am{Xw k¿∆-km-[m-c-W-bm-
]T hnj-b-am-°m-p-t±-in-°p∂ taf-Øns‚ {]Y- bp-≈Xpw C∂sØ ]Xn-Im-e-Øns‚ cq]-km-Zr-
a-Imew Xs∂-bm-sW-s∂mcp ]£-ap-≠v. F∂m¬ iy-ap-≈Xpamb Hcp c≠mw-Im-em-cw` ssien-D-≈-
sNº-S-ssi-en-bnepw AS-¥-ssi-en-bn-ep-ap≈ taf- Xp-sIm≠v Ap-am-n-°mw. B hn[-Øn¬ ]m≠n-
ß-fpsS Ime-ß-fpsS Xodp-I-emi coXn Cu ]Xn- ta- f - h pw, Hcp]- t £, Hcp ho- I - c - W - Ø ntm
Im-e-Ønepw ImWp-∂p-≠v. AXp-sIm≠v AXv Hcp ]p:{Iao-I-c-W-Øntm hnt[-b-am-bn-´p-≠m-Imw.
{]tXy- I - I mew Xs∂- b m- s W∂ nK- a - - Ø n- ]m≠n-ta-f-Ønv apºv sIm´p∂ sNºS taf-
tebv°v Xncn-®p-h-cmw. Cu sNºS taf-Ønv a‰p Øns‚ Ah-km--Im-e-amWv ChnsS ]T--hn-j-b-
hyp¬{I-a-{ZpX taf-ß-tf-°mƒ LSm]c-ambn am-°p-∂-Xv. aptº kqNn-∏n-®-t]m-se, CXns‚
Nn¥n-®m¬ ]g-°ap-s≠∂p t_m[y-am-Ipw. a‰p taf-
- c≠mw-Im-e-Øns‚ BZysØ CS-°-em-i-Ønv
ß-fpsS Xmf-h-´m-h-km--Øn-se-t∏mse CX-c-Xm- aq∂p sNºS h´w apºp apX¬ Xmf-L-S--bn¬
f-J-WvU-ßsf CXn¬ Is≠Øp-I-bn-√. CS-°m- hyXymkw hcp-Øp-∂p. Nne-ta-f-ß-fn¬ Ah-km
Ime-Øn¬ AS-®p-Xmfw ]nSn-®n-
cp-∂Xv Ipg-adn-bp-∂Xn-p-tijw
- -
Xpd-∂p-]n-Sn-°m-dp-≠v. F∂n-cp-
∂mepw Xmf- L - S - - b n¬
hyXymkw hcp-Øm-dn-√. Cu
Xmf-L-S-m-am-‰-Ønv {]k-‡n-
sb¥v F∂v Nn¥n-t°-≠n-bn-cn-
°p-∂p. Hcp tafw XpS-ßn-bm¬
XpS- ß n- b - I m- e - Ø n¬ km[m-
cW Dcp- f p- t Im¬ ]Xn- h n- √ .
XpS¿∂p≈ Ime-ß-fn¬ ]Xn-
hp- a p- ≠ v . ]Xn- h p- s ≠- ∂ - X n¬
IqSp-X¬ n¿∫-‘hp-am-Wv. Cu
-

16


sNº-S-ta-f-Øn¬ XpS- ßnb Ime-Øn¬ Dcp-fp- {]Ya Iem-i-Øn-p-apºv {]I-Sn-∏n® hnti-j-Xm-f-
tIm¬ ]Xn-hn-√. c≠mw Ime-Ønepw ]Xn-hn-√. L-S-sb {]tbm-Kn-°p-∂p. BZy-Xm-f-h-´-tijw
CXv CXns‚ am{Xw {]tXy-I-X-bm-Wv. am{X-hp-a- c≠m-asØ Xmf-h´w AS-®p-]n-Sn-®mWv XpS-ßp-∂-
√, AtX- h sc Hcp Iem- i - h - ´ - Ø n¬ Xmf- h - ´ - Xv. C°m-c-W-Øm-epw, {]kvXp-X-Xm-f-h-´m-h-kmw
ßƒ°v Hcp sNºS ofhpw Hmtcm sNº-Sbpw Iem-i-sa-Sp-°p∂p F∂-Xp-sIm≠pw, ]m≠n-°p-ap-
AXns‚ bYm¿∞ kz`m-h-hp-ap-≈-h-bm-Wv. Iem- ºv sIm´p∂ sNº-SbpsS c≠mw Ime-Ønse BZy-
-
i-tijw c≠m-asØ Xmf-h-´-ß-fn¬ Iem-i-ß- I-em-i-tijw F√m c≠mw Xmf-h-´-Øn-ep-amWv
fp-sa-Sp-°p-∂p. Cu kµ¿`-Ønepw Hcp Iem-i-h-´- Iem- i - s a- ∂ p- d - ∏ n- ° mw. tafm- h - k m- - Ø nse
Øn¬ F´p sNº-S-Itf D≠mIq F∂-Xp-sIm≠v coXnsb Kuc-h-am-sb-Sp-t°≠ Bh-iy-ap-s≠∂p
taf-Øns‚ LS--bn¬ hyXym-k-ap-s≠∂p ]d-bp- tXm∂p-∂n-√. taf-i-cocw Ign-™p-h-t√m. A©-
∂Xv A¿∞-iq-y-am-sW∂v Hcp hmZ-K-Xn-bp-≠v. S¥ memw Ime-Øn¬ BZy¥w Cu coXn-bm-
taf-ßfn¬ ASp-ØSp-Øp≈ Xmf-ßfn¬ H∂v Ah-
- - - sW-∂-Xn-m¬ sNº-S-tafw Cu coXn AXn¬
km- n- ® p- s h∂pw ASp- Ø Xv XpSßn F∂pw n∂pw IS-sa-SpØp F∂v hymJym-n-°p-∂Xv Bfl-
Fßs n¿Æ- b n°mw? H∂pIn¬, ]©mcn l-Xym-]-c-am-Wv.
A©mw Ime-Øn-se-t∏mse ˛ AXn¬ Xpd-∂Sn
taf-ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm kn≤m-¥-ß-fn-sem-
am{X-ta-bp≈p ˛ IrXy-ssZ¿Ly-ß-fn¬ ImWp∂
∂t{X Hcp Iem-i-h-´-Øn-se-am-{X-a√ Hcp Ime-
n»-_vZ-{Inb CXv shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. as‰mcp Xc-
Ønse Xmf-h-´-ß-fpsS A£-c-Im-ehpw Xpey-am-
Øn¬, Hcp Xmf-h-´-Øn¬ Xmfw ]nSn-°p-∂Xv
I-W-sa-∂-Xv. ]T--hn-j-b-amb sNº-S-tafw Cu
AS®pw Xpd-∂p-am-sW-¶n¬, XpS¿®-bmbn IqSp-X¬
kn≤m-¥sØ Ap-k-cn-°p-∂n-√. ta¬ hnh-cn-®-
XhW Xpd∂p]nSn®v Hcp n»- _ vZ- { In-
hn[w Xmf-h-´-ßsf n¿Æ-bn-®m¬ Hcp Iem-i-h-
bbv°ptijw ho≠pw AS-®p-Xmfw ]nSn®p XpS-
´-Øn¬ BsI-bp≈ c≠p Xmf-h-´-ß-fn¬ BZy-
ßp-∂Xv Hcp Xmf-h´w Ign™v ASpØ Xmf-h´w
tØ-Xnv 24 A£-chpw c≠m-a-tØ-Xnv 40 A£-
XpSßn F∂Xns‚ kpN--bm-Ipw. Hcp XhW
c-hp-am-sW∂p ImWmw. CsXt¥ Cßs; As√-
AS®pw ]ns∂ Xpd∂pw sNºS memw-Im-ew-
¶n¬ F¥n-n-ßs Nn´-s∏-SpØn? bi:ico-c-mb
t]mse Xmfw ]nSn-®m¬ Cu kz`mhw hy‡-am-I-
Iem- a - W v U ew sslZ- c m- e n, apdn- b - S ¥ C∂p
bn-√. AS¥ aq∂mw Ime-Øn-epw, mep-Im-e-am-
bn-s°m-´p∂ Nº-ta-f-Øns‚ memw Ime-Ønepw ImWpw-hn[w Xn{i-ambpw JWvUambpw an{i-ambpw
-
IqSp-X¬ AS®pXmfw-]n-Sn-°p-∂Xpw kzoImcya-√. Xmfw-]n-Sn-®p-]mSn h´w-h®p Iem-i-ßƒ°v h´w-X-
Ch-sbms° B taf-ß-fpsS ssien-I-fm-Wv. CXv ´p-tºmƒ Xn{i-ambn ]cn-W-an-®-Xv, ]q¿∆m-Nm-cy-∑m-
A©-S¥ aq∂mw Ime-Ønepw ImWmw. c≠m- cpsS {i≤-°p-dhp-sIm-≠m-sW-∂p kqNn-∏n-®Xp-t]m-
- -
asØ JWvU-Øn-p-ti-j-ap≈ me-£c sNº- se, sNº c≠mw Ime-Ønse {]kvXpX ÿnXn
Ssb c≠m-asØ JWvU-tØmSv tN¿Øp-]n-Sn-°p- hntijw taf-I-em-Zm¿i-n-I¿°v ssI∏ng h∂-
∂Xv {i≤n-®m¬ Cu hn{`m-¥n°v kam-[m--am-Ipw. Xm-sW∂v A`n-{]m-b-s∏-Sp-hm≥ X°-h-Æ-ap≈
Xpd-∂p≈ B Iqń-∏n-Sp-Ø-tØmsS am{Xta Xmf- Xt‚Sw Cu teJ-I-n-√. adn-®v, B coXn ]q¿∆m-
h´w ]q¿Øn-bm-hp-∂p-≈q. CXp-t]mse {]kvXpX Nm- c y- ∑ m¿ t_m[- ] q¿∆w k∂n- t h- i n- ∏ n- ® - X m-
sNºS taf-Øns‚ c≠mw Ime-Ønse BZy-I- sW∂pw AXn¬ thsd Fs¥ms°tbm Hfn™p
em-i-ti-j-ap≈ c≠m-asØ Xmf-h-´-ßƒ cq]-s∏- InS-∏p-s≠t∂m Hfn∏n-®p-h-®n-´p-s≠t∂m hniz-kn-
Sp-∂-Xp-Im-Wmw. ]©mcn aq∂mw Ime-Øn-tebpw °p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.
memw Ime-Øn-te-bpw-t]mse Iem-i-tijw n»- "hmZyhpw thZhpw' F∂ teJ- - Ø n¬
_vZ-{In-b-bn-√msX Hcp sNº-S-ofw Iem-i-tØm- sNº-SS sshZn-Ihpw ssZhn-Ihp-am-sW∂v hy‡-
- -
sSm∏w Iqń-∏n-Sn-°p-∂Xpw ImWmw. AtXm-Sp-IqSn am-°n-bn-´p-≠v. sNº-SXm-fØn¬ sNº-SSbn-ep≈
- - - - -

17


Hcp taf-am-Wt√m ]T-hn-j-bw. ap≥]v hy‡-am- am-Wv. ]Xn-Im-e-Ønepw c≠mw-Im-e-Ønepw CS°
°n-b-t]mse Cu tafw, BtLmj ka-bØv emi-k-a-bØv NXp-c-{i-KXn {]Z¿in-∏n-°p-∂p-s≠-
{]tbm-Kn-°m-dp-≈Xpw mep-Im-e-Nn-´-bp-≈-Xp-amb ∂Xv hnK-Wn-®√ Cßs Ipdn-®-Xv. ÿmbn-bmbn
sNºS taf-hp-ambn LSbn¬ bmsXmcp kmay- NXp-c-{i-KXn Ah-km--Im-e-Ønte {]I-S-am-Ip-
hp-an-√. Cu taf-Ønv BtLm-j-]-c-X-sb-°mƒ ∂p≈p F∂ A¿∞-Øn-emWv Aßs Ipdn-®-
IqSp-X¬ Ap-jvTm-n-I-X-bn-emWv {]m[m-yw. Xv. Cu hkvXp-Xbpw CS-°-em-i-ß-fnse NXpc-
CXns‚ ]Xn-Im-e-Ønepw c≠mw Ime-Ønepw {i-KXn kzoIm-chpw ]T--hn-j-b-am-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.
Xmbw-]-I-bnse FÆ-ßƒ sIm´m-dp-≠v. CXp-t]m- "a'Imc- X Øz ]©- I - ß - f psS euInI
se, ]©m-cn-tafw Ign™v AS¥ aq∂mw-Imew k¶ev] {][m--ß-fmb {Kmay-I-em-cq-]-ß-fn¬
XpS-ßn-bmepw FÆ-ßƒ sIm´m-dp-≠v. Cu sNº- n∂p-ev]-∂-amb {Ia-{Zp-X-ta-fw, Ah-bnse {]tbm-
S-tafw apºp ImWn-®-t]mse {][m--ambpw Ie- K-P-y-{]-IrXn {]I-S-am-°p-∂p-s≠-¶n¬, AXv A-
i-ßƒ ]qPn-°p-tºmgpw BSp-tºm-gp-amWv sIm´m- h- [ m- - X - a q- e - a m- s Wt∂m _ln:t{]c- W - a q- e - a m-
dv. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ Ie-i-s®ºS Fs∂mcp sWt∂m hymJym-n-°p-∂-Xn-t-°mƒ, B coXn-
t]cp-IqSn CXn-p- bpsS {]Xn-^-e-
≠v. AjvS-_-‘- -am-sW∂v hne-
I-eiw ho-I-c- bn-cp-Øp-∂-Xn-em-
W- I - e iw apf- hnt√ bp‡n-k-
]qP F∂n- l-Xbpw _u≤n-
hbv°pw CXp- I- X bpw IqSp-
Xs∂ sIm´p-∂p. X¬? F¶n¬
tZho- t £- { X- ß - aØp-]n-Sn®v
fnepw a‰pw Ifw- ]q¿∆m-]-c-_-‘-
]q-Pbv°pw CXp- an-√m-tXbpw
Xs∂ sIm´p-∂p. Bp-]q¿∆n-t_m-
apSn-tb-‰n¬ Imfn [-an-√m-tXbpw
]pd-∏mSv Cu taf- ]q¿t∆m-Ø-c-
tØm-sS-bmWv h¿Ø-am-m-⁄-
XpS-ßmdv Aßs Ap-jvTm--kz-`mhw XnI-™p- ambn btYjvSw kzmﬂm-p-`q-Xn°p tN¿∂-]Sn
n¬°p∂ Cu taf-at{X imt‡-b-I-em-k-¥- nb-a-c-ln-X-am-bn-Øs∂bp≈ Hcp {]tbm-K-kz-
Xnbpw t£{X-a-Xn-eIw njn-≤-hp-amb ]m≠n-ta- `mhw ]m≠n-tafw {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂p-≠m-h-Ww, Ah-
f-Ønv ]q¿∆mw-K-ambn sIm´p-∂-Xv. Ft¥ AX- km--Im-e-Xm-f-Ønv Hcp "XInS'bpw Hcp "Xcn-
ßs? t£{X-Ønse Ap-jvTm hnj-b-ß-fn¬ InS'bpw tN¿∂ cq]-amWv ]m≠n-°p-≈-Xv. CXn¬
kPo-h-am-bn-cw-K-sØ-Øp-∂, ]cn-ip≤n ]c-am-h[n BZy-JWvUamb "XInS', Hmtcm-L´Ønepw hyXy-
- - - -
Bhm- l n®ph®n- ´ p≈ Cu tafw, Aip≤n kvXamb LS {]I-Sam-°p-∂p. "taf-ßfnse nKq-
- - -
Bthmfw kzmwio-Icn-®sX∂p ap{Z-Ip-Øs∏-´n-´p≈
- - - -V-X-Iƒ' F∂ teJ--Øn¬ taf-ßƒ Xmf-ß-
]m≠n-ta-f-Ønp ]q¿∆mw-K-ambn Ft¥ n›-bn- fpsS taf-am-sW∂ hkvXpX hni-Zo-I-cn-®-t∏mƒ
°-s∏´p? AXpw bmZr-›n-I-am-Im≥ hgn-bn-√. Cu hnj-bsØ kv]¿in-®n-cp-∂p. aq∂mw Ime-
{Ia-{ZpX taf-h¿§-Ønse {][m AwK-ambn Ønse aq∂-£cw Dƒs°m-≈p∂ "XInS' F∂
]m≠n-ta-fw, BZyw kqNn-∏n-®-t]m-se, Ah-km-- BZy-JWvUw ]Xn-Im-e-Øn¬ 12 A£-c-ambn
Im-e-Øn¬ NXp-c-{i-K-Xnsb {]m]n-°p∂ Hcp taf- h¿≤n-°-W-a-t√m. Cu 12 A£cw Bd-£-c-ap≈

18


1˛Dw 3 A£-c-ap≈ 2˛Dw ]©m-cn-I-fm-bn-°m-Wmw. km-n-∏n-°m≥ {ian-®m¬ ˛ A[zm--ap≠v ˛ Cu
CXp-Xs∂ 2˛mw Ime-Ønse BZy-L-´-Øn¬ 4 {]IrXw Ipsd-°qSn hy‡-am-Ipw. CXp-sIm≠v
A£-c-ap≈ 3 sNº-S-bm-bn-Øo-cp-∂p. ]Xn-Im-e- h∂p-Iq-Sp∂Xv Cu {Ia-cm-ln-Xyw, B Iem-cq-]-
Ønse BZy-J-WvU-Ønse 6 A£-c-ap≈ ]©m- Øns‚ amXr-I-e-bpsS `mh-X-e-ßsf Cu tafw
cn, Hcp n»-_vZ-{In-b-°p-tijw 4 AS®pw H∂p Ap-h¿Øn-°p∂p F∂-Xm-W-t√m.
Xpd- ∂ p- a mbn he- ¥ - e - b n- e qsS {]I- S - a m- I p- ∂ p. ]m≠n-bpsS ]q¿∆mw-K-ambn sIm´p∂ sNº-
]m≠n XpS-ßp-∂Xv 28 A£-c-Øn-em-sW-¶nepw Sbpw CXp-t]m-ep≈ Hcp {]Ir-XsØ {]I-S-am-°p-
taf ka-bØv he-¥-e-bnse A£c kwJy 14 ∂p- ≠ v . AXns‚ c≠mw Ime- Ø nse BZy- I -
Btb ImWp-I-bp≈q F∂pw, Iemika-bØp emiØnp ap∂p Xmf-h´w ˛ sNº-S-h´w ˛ apºp
am{Xta 28 A£cw he-¥-e-bn¬ {]I-S-am-Ip-I- apX¬ kzoI-cn-°p∂ LSmhntijw GXm≠v
bp≈q F∂pw "taf-ß-fnse nKq-V-X-Iƒ' F∂
]m≠n-bp-ambn sshIm-cnI Xe-Øn¬ tbmPn-°p-
teJ--Øn¬ ImWn-®n-´p-≠v. Cu ]Xn-Im-e-L´w
∂- X m- b n- I m- W mw. apdbv ° p sNº- S , AXns‚
CS-°-em-i-Øns‚ BZy-L-´-Øn¬ 4 A£cw
ssien-bn¬Øs∂ A©p-Xm-f-h-´-ßƒ apgp-hpw
hoX-ap≈ aq∂p sNº-S-bm-°n-am-‰p-∂p. XpS¿∂v
Ign™v s]s´∂v LS--am-‰p-∂Xv CXmWv hy‡-
c≠mw Xmf-h-´-Øn¬ ncØn 10 XhW AS®pw
am-°p-∂-Xv. CXpw Xmf-h-´-ß-fnse A£c kwJy-
H∂p Xpd∂pw Aßs 11-˛Dw BZysØ n»-
bnse Ak-a-Xzhpw IqSn-bm-Ip-tºmƒ, euInI
_vZ-{In-b-bpw-Iqń 12 A£-c-am-°p-∂p. Xpd-∂-Sn-bn-
Iuf-am¿§m--p-km-cn-I-fpsS am-k-n-ebv°p X°-
te°p IS-∂m¬ taf-Ønp Xmfw ]nSn-°p∂
hÆw sNºSbv°v cq]-t`Zw hcp-∂p. Hcp ]t£,
coXnbpw amdp-∂p. H∏w Iem-i-Øn-t‚bpw 2˛mw
Cu cq]-`m-h-t`-Z-ß-sf-s°m≠v ]m≠n-tafw XpS-
Imew apX¬ Xpd∂p Xmfw ]nSn-°p-I-bmWv ]Xn-
ßp-hm≥ ]‰nb A¥-co£w krjvSn-°p-I-bmtWm
hv. AtXmsS tafw 14 A£-c-Øn-tebv°p IS-∂-
CXns‚ Dt±iyw?
Xp-aq-ew, CS-¥-ebnse sIm´p-IƒIqSn IW-°m-
°n-bm¬ 4 A£-c-ap≈ 3 sNº-S-Isf BZy-J- tIc-f-Øn¬ Xmf-ßƒ°v c≠p apJ-ap-≠v.
WvU-Øn¬ I≠p-ap-´m-sa∂v BZyw kqNn-∏n-®n-´p- H∂v AS-™Xpw at‰Xv Xpd-∂-Xpw. thsdmcp Xc-
≠v . Cu L´- Ø n¬ sNº- S - b psS Ah- k m Øn¬ ]d- ™ m¬ tIc- f - Ø nse Xmf- ß ƒ°v
A£cw am{Xta he-¥-e-bn¬ n∂pw ]pd-s∏-Sp- AS™Xpw Xpd-∂-Xp-amb c≠p `mh-ß-fp-≠v. taf-
I-bp-≈q. he-¥-e-bnse sIm´p-Isf {][m--am-°n- ß-fn¬ k¿∆-km-[m-c-Wambpw Xmbw-]-I-bn¬
bm¬, Cu sNº-S-Isf 2 A£-c-ssZ¿Ly-ap-≈-h- BZy-`m-K-ß-fnepw CXv ImWmw. he-¥-e-bn¬
bm-sW∂v Xocp-am-n-t°-≠n-h-cpw. c≠mw Ime- sIm´p-tºmƒ tIm¬ Aa¿Ønbpw hn´pw sIm´p-
Øns‚ c≠mw L´-Øn¬ taf-Øns‚ {]IrXw ∂-XmWv Cu k{º-Zm-bw. IY-I-fn-bn¬ ]Z-ßƒ
s]s´∂p amdn-b-Xmbpw Imew apdp-In-b-Xmbpw ]mSp-tºmƒ tNßn-e-bnepw Ce-Øm-f-Ønepw Cu
tXm∂pw. Xmf-h´Ønse BZy-JWvUw, AXm-bXv
- - - k{º-Zm-b-Øns‚ GI-tZi cq]w ImWmw. CXmWv
12 A£-c-ap≈ ]©m-cn, Cu L´-Øn¬ 3 A£- tIc-f-ssien F∂p Xocp-am-n-®m¬ ]©-hmZyw
c-ap≈ 4 ]©m-cn-bmbn amdp-∂p. CXp-am-{X-a√, Iem- - tIc-fo-bXmf k{º-Zm-bsØ AwKo-Icn-®n-ń-s√∂p
- -
i-Xm-f-h-´-ß-fnse Xmf-ssi-en-I-fn-ep-ap≠v sshhn- ]d-tb-≠n-h-cpw. CXv Hcp {][m hnj-b-am-sW-
[yw. BI-∏m-sS, ]m≠n-ta-f-Ønse BZy-h-km ¶nepw Ct∏mƒ AXn-tebv°v IS-°p-∂Xv A-h-
Xmf-ssien, hyp¬{I-a-{ZpX taf-ß-fp-tSXp h®p- k-c-Øn-em-Ip-sa-∂p-≈-Xn-m¬ hnj-b-Øn-te-°p-
tm-°p-tºmƒ, Hcp ne°v ASp-°pw-Nn-´-bp-an- Xs∂ Xncn-®p-t]m-Imw. Cu Xmf-k-{º-Zm-bsØ
√msX Hs´ms° IpØ- g n- ™ - { ]- I r- X - a p- ≈ - X m- thsdm-cp-X-c-Øn¬ hymJym-n-®p-tm-°mw. ]c-tZ-
sW∂p tXm∂pw. taf-Øns‚ a‰p-N-S-ßp-I-sfm-∂p- i-Øp-n∂pw sshZn-I-kw-kv°mcw kn≤n-®-h¿
an-√msX Hmtcm Xmf-h´w am{Xw sImń taf-a-h- tIc-f-Øn¬ {]th-in°pw apºv Chn-S-Øp-Im¿

19


i‡ym- c m- [ - I - c m- b n- c p- s ∂∂v Dd- ∏ n- ° p- h m- p≈ ∂n-cp-∂ ]e t£{X-ßfnepw C∂v AXv Dt]-£n-
-
bp‡n-I-fp-≠v. {]kvXpX hnj-bsØ Xev°mew °-s∏´p XpS-ßn-bp-an-cn-°p-∂p. sshZn-Iamb {iuX
-
C{X-am-{X-am°n n¿Ø-s´. AXns∏‰n AX-e- I¿Ω-ßfn¬ {]tXy-In®v bmK-ßfn¬ arK-lnwk
- -
kv]¿in-bmbn ]Tn-°m≥ thsd kµ¿`w hcp-∂p- D≠m-bn-cp-∂nt√ Fs∂mcp tNmZy-ap-≠v. thZm-cw-`-
≠v. taf-ßƒ Hcp BtKm-f-{]-Xn-`m-k-am-sW∂ Im-eØv amwk`£-Whpw aZy-]m-hpw km[m-cW- -
Bi-bsØ hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-tºmƒ {]kvXpX hnj- am-bn-cp-s∂∂v alm-Ihn A°n-ØØns‚ "{iuX-
-
b-Øn-te°v bp‡-amb {]m[m-y-tØmsS {]th- imkv{X kwkv°mcw tIc-f-Øn¬' F∂ {KŸ-
in-°p-∂p-≠v. tIc-f-Ønse ]q¿∆-hm-kn-I-fmb Øn- e p- ≠ v . "thZ- Ø n¬Øs∂ sXfn- h p- I - f p≈
imt‡-b-cpsS GtXm Hcp Ap-jvTm Iem-cq-]- hkvXp-X-bm-W-Xv. _p≤-a-XsØ XpS¿∂p-≠mb
Øn¬ n∂pw DZn®v Ime-{I-taW cq]w-sIm-≠- ssP-a-X-am-Wv, Ah-bnse Alnwkm kn≤m-¥-
XmWv ]m≠n-tafw F∂v ]e- bp-‡n-Isf-s°m≠pw - am-Wv, Cu Imcy-Øn¬ hyXy-kvXamb Hcp Ime-
-
ÿm]n- ® p- I - g n- ™ n´p- ≠ v. B imt‡- b ¿ L´w DZvLm-Sw sNbvXsX∂v hnNm-cn-°s∏-Sp-∂p'.
- -
euInI"a'Imcm- p- h ¿Øn- I fpw arK- _ - e n, ({iu-Xim-kv{X-]m-cºcyw tIc-fØn¬ ˛ A°nØw
- - -
Hcp]t£ c-_-en, F∂nh tZh-{]o-Xn-°mbn ]pdw 80) ]cm-ic kvarXn-bn¬.
""Aizm-ew-`w-K-hm-ew`w k∂ym-kw-]-
e- s s]- X rIw tZh- t c- W - k p- t Xm-
ev]Ønw Ieu-]©hn-h⁄tb¬''
- - - -
F∂p ImWp-∂p. AXp-sIm-≠p-X-
s∂-bmhmw _en-Iƒ°v ]njvS-]-
ipsh kzoI- c n- ® - X v . GXm- b mepw
tIc-f-Øn¬ IpSn-tb-dnb ]c-tZ-in-I-
fmb sshZn-I-Nm-cn-Iƒ aZy-amw-km-
Zn-Isf GXm-s≠ms° Dt]-£n-®p-
I-gn-™n-cp-∂-h-cm-bn-cn-°-Ww. C°m-
c-W-Ømepw D—w-J-e-hn-⁄m--{]-`-
h-ß-fmb thZ-ß-fnse hn⁄mw
tSn- b n- c p- ∂ - X p- s Im≠pw Ch≥
sNbvXn-cp-∂-h-cp-am-hmw. GXm-bmepw tIc-f-t£-
DZv_p-≤-a--kv°-cm-sW-∂n-cn-s°, Xpd-∂p≈ Xmf-
{X-ß-fn¬ D’-h-_-enbv°v B hI BNm-cm-p-
`m-K-ßƒ Ah¿ Xs∂ F∂-p-am-n-°mw. Hcp ]Sn-
jvTm--ß-fpsS tXbvamw h∂ IÆn-Iƒ C∂pw
IqSn apt∂m-´p-t]m-bm¬, taf-ß-fpsS ]Xn-™-Im-
ne-n¬°p-∂p-≠v.
eßfn¬ A[n-Ihpw apdp-Inb Ime-ß-fn¬ Ipd-
Xmf-ßfpsS ta¬hn-hcn® c≠p apJ-ßfn¬
- - - hp-ambn AS™ Xmf-`m-Kßsf ImWp-Ibm¬, Hcp
- -
H∂v, euInI"a'Imc {]Np-camb i‡ym-cm-[sb
- - ]t£, hyp¬{I-a-{ZpX taf-ß-fn-se ]Xn-Im-e-ß-
BN-cn-°p-∂hsc {]Xn-n-[o-Icn-°p-∂Xm-bpw, c≠m-
- - - fn¬ ImWp∂ t¿tIm-ep-Iƒ, hncp-∂p-Im-cpsS
a-tØXv buKnI"a'Imc {][m-amb CXc tZhm-
- ]£-Øn¬, Chn-SsØ A]-cn-jvIr-Xcpw A⁄-
cm-[ BN-cn-°p∂hsc Dƒs°m-≈p-∂-Xmbpw cp-amb i‡ym-cm-[-I-]q¿∆-hm-kn-I-fm-Imw. F¶n¬
k¶-ev]n-°m-sa∂p tXm∂p-∂p. sshZn-Im-p-jvTm sNºS c≠mw Ime-Ønse {Ia-c-ln-XXzw shfn-
coXn-I-fmWv C∂v tIc-f-Ønse an°-t£-{X-ß- s∏-Sp∂ {]tXy-I-Xm-f-co-Xn, {Ia-{Zp-X-ta-f-ß-fnse
fnepw Ap-jvTn-®p-t]m-cp-∂Xv F∂Xv Cu Ap-am- Baq-e-{I-a-cm-ln-Xy-Øns‚ apt∂m-Sn-bm-Imw. F∂p-
-Ønv {]m_eyw Xcp-∂p. Iuf-am¿§w ne-n- h-®m¬, sNº-S-bnsS Cu hyp-ev]∂ {Ia-cm-ln-Xyw-

20


sIm≠v , ⁄mn- I - f mb AYhm sshZn- I kw- Ønse Cu Bh¿Øw, L´wL´-ambn, Assh-
kv°mc kº-∂-cmb ]c-tZ-in-Iƒ, A⁄m-n-I- Zn-Isc sshZn-I-am¿§-Øn-tebv°v kwkv°-cn-s®-
fmb Chn-SsØ ]q¿∆-hm-kn-I-sf, Ah°p tN¿∂ Sp- ° p- ∂ - X ns‚ Iem- ] - c - a mb Nn{Xo- I - c - W - a mbn
cwKw Hcp°n kzoI-cn-°p∂ cwKsØ mZ-ssh-Nn- AwKo-I-cn-°-W-sa∂p tXm∂p-∂p. Hcp Xn≠p IS-
{Xy-ß-fpsS klm-b-tØmsS {]Xn-cq-]m-fl-I-ambn °p-hm≥ `mc-ta-sd-bp≈ Hcp hml--Ønv bZr-
]p:{]Z¿in-∏n-°p-I-bm-Imw. alm-Ihn Pn. i¶-c- —bm km[n- ° msX h∂m¬, ]nt∂m- t ´m∂p
°p-dp-∏ns‚ Agn-ap-JØv F∂ Ihn-X-bn¬ hen™v k¿∆- i - ‡ n- b p- a p- ] - t bm- K n®v apt∂m´v
""X∂-h-tcm-[-Øn-se-»-]Yw Pe-tc-J˛ B™p-h-en®v e£yw {]m]n-°p∂ Hcp {]Xo-Xn-
sb∂p-a-Ø-Sn-®n´p nb-Xm-[n-Im-csØ bt{X Cu cwK-Øn-p-≈-Xv. Cu coXn-bn¬ Nn¥n-
]ns∂bpw ]c-Øp-hm≥ P-Xm-o-Xn-°mbn ®m¬ ]Xn™ Ime-ß-fnse AS-®p-Xm-f-ß-fpsS
n∂ oXn-sb-Ø-ń-°-S-°m-m-cw-`ns° B[n-Iyhpw apdp-Inb Ime-ß-fnse Xpd∂ Xmf-
iqc-m-samcp s]cp-amsf ap≥]o-m-Sns‚ ß-fpsS B[n-Iyhpw hy‡-amb Hcp Nn{X-sØ-
[oc-amw- kn-cm-c‡w Xnf-bv°p-tatXm lkvXw Ø-cp-∂-Xm-bn-°m-Wmw. tafw NXp-c-{i-K-Xn-bn-
IpØn-b-I-Y-bnse hoc-kw-`-hw-sIm≠v tebv°v ASp-°pw-tXm-dpw, B tafw {]Xn-n-[mw
Xo¿Ø-m-SIw Sn-∏n-°-b-√√o hnizw'' sNøp∂ ]q¿∆-tI-c-fo-b¿ {]_p-≤-cmbn sshZn-I-
am¿§m-p-km-cn-I-fm-bn-Øo-cp-∂-Xns‚ Hcp Nn{Xhpw
ImWn-®-t]m-ep≈ Hcp Nn{Xw Cu c≠p taf-ß-fp- CXn¬ n∂p-cp-Øn-cn-bp-∂p. kmam-y-n-ebv°v ]cn-
tSbpw kwKaw {]I-Sam-°p-∂p. GI-Xm-f-Øn¬ kcw Ap- t bm- P y- s a∂v t_m[y- s ∏t´ Bcpw
n∂pw sshZn-I-ssZ-hn-I-amb NXp-{i-K-Xn-bn-te- Fßpw {]th-in-°p-hm≥ km≤y-X-bp-≈p. hyXy-
bv°p≈ Cu Ap-kyqX kwkv°cW{]-{Inb Hcp
- - - kvX-amb coXnIsf Ap-k-cn-°p-∂-hcpw sshZn-
]t£ tIc-f-Ønse taf-ßƒ am{Xta {]Z¿in- I-kn-≤m-¥m-p-km-cn-Ifpw AXn-Yn-I-fp-amb ]c-tZ-
∏n-°p-∂p≈q F∂v tXm∂p-∂p. in-Iƒ, Ah-cpsS ]£-Øn¬ Am-Nmcna-·-cpw,
]m≠n-tafw Ah-km--Im-e-Øn¬ am{Xta Akw-kvIr-X-cpw, A⁄m-n-I-fp-amb Chn-SpsØ
sNº-S-S kzoI-cn-°p-∂p≈q F∂mWv kn≤m-¥- BZn-hm-kn-I-sf, Ah¿°p s]cp-am-dp-hm-≥ X°-
a-p-kcn®v Xocp-am-n-t°-≠Xv. F∂m¬ ]Xn-Imew
- - hÆw ]cn-k-c-sam-cp°n kzoI-cn®v ⁄mtm-]-
apX¬ Iem-i-th-f-bn¬ sNº-S-S {]I-S-am-Ip-∂p- tZiw sNbvXv kwkv°-cn-s®-SpØv k¿∆m-flm
≠t√m. AXnv F¥p hymJymw sImSp°pw kakrjvSn-`m-h-tØmsS Hcp kaq-l-sa∂ ne-bn-
Fs∂mcp ]q¿∆-]-£-ap-≠v. Iem-i-th-f-I-fn¬ tebv°v Db¿Øn-s°m-≠p-h-∂p-sh-∂-Xns‚ kqN-
sNº-SS kzoI-cn®v ho≠pw GI-Xm-fØn-tet°m
- - -bt√ hncp-≤-am¿§-]-c-ß-fmb Cu c≠p taf-ß-
c≠-£-c-Im-e-ap≈ coXn-bn-tebvt°m aS-ßp-∂-Xv, fp-tSbpw kwKaw Xcp-∂Xv?
hyp¬{I-a-{ZpX taf-ß-fpsS Imew Iem-in-®p≈ ]c-ip-cm-a≥ IS-en¬ n∂pw hos≠SpØv
]›m¬K-a--Ønp Xpey-a-t√, kam--a-t√, {Ia- ]c- t Z- i - { _m- “ - W ¿°v , Cu {]tZ- i w, amXr- l -
{Zp-X-ta-f-Øns‚ ta¬°m-Wn® kz`mhw F∂Xpw Xybv°pw £{Xn-b-Ip-tem-∑q-e-Ønpw {]mb-›n-
Hcp ]q¿∆-]-£-am-Wv. c≠pw c≠p-X-c-am-Wv. H∂v Ø-ambn Zmw sNbvI-bpw, Ahsc Chn-sS-sIm-
ÿncw sNº-S-S XpS-cp-tºmƒ at‰Xv CS-hn´v ≠p-h∂v 64 {Kma-ß-fp-≠m°n Ah-bn¬, {]tXy-
AXns Ap-k-cn®v Ah-kmw kam--ssi-en- Im-Nm-cm-p-jvTm--ß-tfmsS IpSn-bn-cp-ØpIbpw
I-fn-se-Øp-∂p. ChnsS sNº-S--Sbpw sNº-S-- sNbvXp F∂ sFXn-lysØ mw ncm-I-cn-t°-
Sbpw ssZhn-Ihpw sshZn-I-hp-am-sW-∂p≈ hkvXp- ≠. Hcp]t£ Cu sFXnlyw tate-hn-i-Zo-I-cn-®-
X, taf-kw-kvIr-Xn-bpsS apJy-L-S-I-am-sW-∂w-Ko- Xns‚ thsdmcp hymJym--am-hmw. GXm-bmepw
I-cn-®n-cn-s°, tase-gp-Xnb ]q¿∆-]£ßƒ°v ne-
- - tIc-f-Ønse {_m“-W-cmcpw Xs∂ ChnsS D¤-
n¬∏n-√m-Xm-Ip-∂p. ]m≠n-ta-f-Øn¬ ]Xn-Im-e- hn- ® - h - c psS ]c- º - c - I - f - √ . Ah¿ I¿Æm- S - I -

21


Øn¬nt∂m B{‘-bn¬ nt∂m at‰-sX-¶nepw tX™p-am-™p-t]m-bn-Øp-Sßn-bn-´p≈ B hyh-ÿ-
-
hnZq-tcm-Ø-tc-¥y≥ {]tZ-i-ß-fn¬ nt∂m ChnsS Iƒ {_m“W krjvSn-Ifm-hWw. ]c-ip-cm-an¬
- - -
IpSn-tb-dn-]m¿Ø-h-cpsS ]c-º-c-bm-Wv. AXv, Hcp]- n∂pw k¿∆-kz-Zm-am-bn-°n-ńb `qan-bpsS DS-aÿ-
- -
t£, ]pcm-W-]p-cp-j-mb ]c-ip-cm-as‚ {ia-^-e- Xm-hIm-ihpw, AXp-hgn P∑n-Xzhpw kmaq-ly-b-
- - -
am-Imw. ]pcm-W-ß-fnse ]eXpw bmYm¿∞y-am-bn- X-{¥m-[n-Im-chpw m´p-cm-Pÿm-hpw a‰pw AXns‚
-
cp-s∂∂v D¬J---ßsfs°m≠pw a‰p-]-cy-th-j- ]cnWnX-êam-IWw. sshZnI hn[n-Iƒ°-p-kr-
- - -
Wß- s f- s °m≠pw sXfn- b n- ° - s ∏´p hcp∂ X-ambn t£{Xm-Nm-c-ß-fn¬ s]mfn-s®-gpØp S-
nebv°v Cu ]c-ip-cm-aIYbpw XØz-Øn¬ AwKo-
- - Øn, Ah-bn¬ Ah¿Æ-sc∂p ap{Z-Ip-Øs∏´ Chn--
I- c n- ° - b m- W v _p≤n. GXm- b mepw Chn- S sØ SpsØ ]q¿∆-hm-kn-Iƒ°v {]th-i-hpw Bcm-[-
{_m“-W-cpsS˛-ºq-Xn-cn-amcpw a‰pw-˛-]q¿∆n-I¿ ]c- m-kzm-X-{¥yhpw ntj-[n-®Xv CXns‚ klm-b-
tZ-in-I-fm-sW-∂-Xn-v, Ah-cpsS Krl-ß-fpsS "a' tØm-sS-bm-h-Ww. Aßs tm°n-bm¬ tIc-f-
"C√w' F∂o-hm-°p-Iƒ sXfn-hm-Wv. Ahbv°p Øn¬ amthen hmgvN-°m-e-Øp-≠m-bn-cp-s∂-∂p
kam--ßfpw Xma-k-ÿ-ew-˛-ho-Sv-˛-F∂ A¿∞-ap- hniz-kn-°s∏-Sp∂ B kaXz ÿnXn, {_m“-W-
-
≈-Xp-amb ]Z-ßƒ I¿Æm-S-I-Ønepw sXep-¶n- cpsS kzm¿∞ _p≤n-bmWv in-∏n-®p-I-f-™Xv
ep-ap-≠v. CXpw Hcp bmZr-—n-I-X-b-√. F∂v Ap-am-n-t°-≠n-hcpw. F¶n¬ amthen F∂
-
k¶ev]hpw bmYm¿∞y-am-Imw.
Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dns‚ Ah-km alm-cm-Pmhpw
]n∂oSv cmP-{]-ap-Jp-amb {io. NnØn-cXn-cp-mƒ
- -
_me-cm-ah¿Ω Xncp-a p-sIm≠v t{ijvTmb Hcp
- - - -
`c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-bm-bn-cp-∂p. At±-lØns‚ ]q¿∆n-I¿
-
alm-∑m-cm-bn-cp-∂n-s√∂v CXp-sIm≠v A¿∞-am-°-
cp-Xv. _lp-ap-J-amb hn⁄m-hpw Ign-hp-Ifpw
XnI™ alm- fl m- s h- ∂ - X n- p- ] cn Icp- Ø pw
ka¿∞-p-amb Hcp cmPy-X-{¥-⁄-p-am-bn-cp∂p
At±-lw. ]e `c-W-]-cn-jv°m-c-ßfpw XnI™
Zo¿L-ho-£WtØmsS At±lw hcp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v.
- -
h¿§-k-a-c-tam, D®-o-N-Xz-tam, Xo≠tem At±-lØns‚ [oc-amb Nph-Sp-sh-∏p-Ifn-sem-∂t{X
- -
H∂pan-√mØ ka-Xz-kp-µcamb Hcp tIc-fw, ]c-tZ-
- - 1936 hw-_¿ 12-˛mw XobXn ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn® {]kn-≤-
in- I fpw sshZn- I - k w- k v ° m- c m- p- N m- c n- I - f p- a mb amb t£{X-{]-th-i hnfw-_cw. Cu hnfw-_cw
-
{_m“-W¿ ChnsS IpSn-tb-dnbXnp-tijw Gsd- ]pds∏Sphn-°m≥, Hcp ]t£, At±-lØnv {]Y-a- -
°mew Ign-bpw-aptº ChnsS ne-hn¬ hcn-Ibpw {]-tNm-Zw ¬In-bXv sNºS ]m≠n-ta-fßfpsS - -
]pe-cp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp∂p F∂ hkvXp-X, sNºS A-y-km-[m-c-Wmb kwK-a-am-hmw. A]m-c-n-co-
]m≠n-ta-fßfpsS AXn-kp-µcamb kwK-acw-Km-hn-
- - - - - £W ]mS-hap≈ {io. NnØn-cXn-cp-mƒ alm-cm-
- -
jv°m-c-Øn¬ n∂pw Dcp-Øn-cn-™p-h-cp-∂-Xmbn Pmhv sNºS ]m≠n-ta-f-ß-fpsS kam-K-a-Øn¬
aptº Nq≠n-°m-Wn-®p-h-t√m. B ]c-tZin an°- ta¬∏-d™ hkvXpX ng-en-®p-In-S∏ps≠∂v Is≠-
hmdpw Cu {]tZ-iØp-Im-cm-bn-°gn-™t∏mƒ Ah¿
- - - Øn-bncn°mw. IqSp-X¬ amWnIyw t£{Xw, sIm®n-
{]N-cn-∏n-®Xmhmw {]kvXpX ]c-ip-cm-aIY. As√-
- - - bn-em-sW-¶nepw Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿ cmP-Ip-Spw-_-Øn-
¶n¬ {_m“-Wta-[m-hn-Xzhpw XZzm-cm D®o-NXzm-
- - - - - t‚-Xm-Wv. B t£{X-`cWØnv Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿
- - -
Zy-m-Nm-cßfpw ChnsS ho≠pw DS-se-Sp-°p-am-bn-
- alm-cm-Pmhv kz¥w {]Xn-]p-cp-j-s-∂-n-ebv°v
cp-∂n-√. as‰m-cp-X-c-Øn¬ ]d-™m¬, an°-hmdpw nbp-‡m-°p∂ hy‡n-bt{X X®p-Sb ssIaƒ.
-

22


Cu t£{X-Ønse D’-hØns‚ ]≈n-th´ Bdm´v
- ]m≠n-ta-ftijw tIfn, Ipg¬∏-‰,v sImºp-]‰v F∂o
-
Znh-kßfn¬ Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿ alm-cm-Pmhv k∂n-
- - NS-ßp-Iƒ°p-tijw ]©m-cn-ta-f-Øns‚ AI-º-
ln-Xm-hm-dp-≠.v B Znh-kßfn¬ ]©-hm-Zy-tijw
- - - Sn-tbmsS Xncn-®p-t]m-Ip-∂p. t£{X-aXn-eIØp IS-
- -
sNº-S-sb-Øp-S¿∂p≈ ]m≠n-ta-f-amWv ]Xn-hv. ∂m¬ ]Xn- h p- t ]mse hnf- ° ns‚ NS- ß p- I ƒ
]m≠n-]p-dØv Ah-km-n-∏n-°p-∂Xpw XpS¿∂v Bh¿Øn-°p-∂p. Cu NSßp t£{X-{]-th-i--
]©m-cn-bm°n tZhs aXn-ev°ItØ°v B-bn- - - Øn¬ n∂pw hne-°s∏-´h¿°p-th≠n {]tXyIw
- -
°p-∂Xpw At±lw ImWp-Ibpw {i≤n-°p-Ibpw G¿s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≈-Xm-Wp-Xm-pw. Cu Znh-k-
sNbvXn-´p-≠m-h-Ww. ]m≠n-bpsS Aip-≤n-tbbpw Øns‚ Xte-Zn-hkw Cu NS-ßns sImń-bdn-bn- -
sNº-SbpsS ]cn-ip-≤n-tbbpw Atz-jn®v a- n-
- °p∂ ]Xnhpw Chn-sS-bp-≠v. CXv ]m≠n-tbmsS
em-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-´p-≠m-I-Ww. F¶n¬ Xo¿®- XpSßn ]©m-cn-bn¬°em-in-°p∂p F∂Xv ta¬
bmbpw Ah ]I¿∂p-sIm-SpØ shfn-®Øns‚ ê- - hnh-cn® nK-a--Ønv klm-b-I-am-Wv. am{X-a-√,
am-IWw t£{X-{]-th-i hnfw-_cw. Cu nK-a- - - Cu t£{X-Ønse ]e NS-ßp-Ifnepw Xncp-hn-Xmw-
-
Ønp klm-bIambn Ipd-™Xv ]pØ≥ Nnd-bnse
- - Iq¿ cmP-Ip-Spw-_-Ønv ssIIm-cy-I-Ør-Xz-ap-≠v.
Xr®-{I-]pcw t£{X-Øn¬ D’-h°m-eØv Hcp NS- - {]kvXp-Zn-hksØ Ing-t°m-ń-d°Øn-p≈ FÆ-
- - -
ßp-≠v. Hcp]t£ Cu t£{X-Øn¬ am{Xta ®n-ehv cmP-Ip-Spw_w hln-°p-∂p. nXyhpw Dj:]qP-
kpZ¿i-N{Iw {][m {]Xn-jvTbm-bn-´p-≠m-hp-I-
- - °p≈ i¿°- c - ∏ m- b kw Xncp- h n- X mw- I q¿
bp-≈p. Xpd-hq¿ t£{X-Øn¬ kpZ¿i-{]-Xn-jvT- - cmPIpSpw_w hI-bm-Wv. Nnß-am-k-Ønse Xncp-
bp-≠v. ]t£ AXv D]-tZ-hÿm-Øm-Wv. AhnsS - - thmW Znh-ksØ hmcw F∂ NSßpw cmP-Ip-
c-knw-lamWv {][m-w. ChnsS D’hw aI-cam-
- - Spw_w hI-bm-W.v Aßs Cu t£{X-Ønse D’-
k- Ø n- e m- W v . aI- c - a m- k - Ø nse shfp- Ø - h mhp h-°m-esØ hen-bhn-f-°ns‚ hntij NS-ßp-w
Znhkw Bdm-t´m-Sp-IqSn D’hw kam-]n-°p-∂p.
a‰pw, Cu t£{X-hp-ambn _‘-ap-≈Xp-aqew {io.
-
Bdm-ńs‚ Xe Øte-Zn-hksØ henb hnf°v -
NnØn-c-Xn-cp-m-fnv {]tNm-Zw ¬In-bn-´p≠m-h-
F∂p ]d-bp∂p. Cu henb hnf-°p-Zn-hkw a‰p-
Ww. a‰p t£{X-ßfn¬ Ah¿Æsc C{X-t]mepw
-
t£- { X- ß - f n¬ n∂pw hyXy- k v X - a mbn cm{Xn
AwKo-Icn-°p-∂n√ F∂pw tXm∂n-bn-´p-≠m-Imw.
-
tZhs aXn-ev°p-]p-dtØbv°v Fgp-∂p-≈n-°p-∂p.
-
t£{Xw Hcp Ip∂n≥ apI-fn-em-Wv. S In-gt°m- - - t£{X-{]-th-ihnfw-_cw Adn™ alm-
´mWv. Ingt° S-bn¬n∂pw Hcp Cd-°-am-Wv. flm-Km‘n {io. NnØn-cXn-cp-mƒ alm-cm-Pm-hns
-
tZh≥ Ing-t°m´v Cd-ßp-tºmƒ sNº-S-tbm-Sp- ""A`n-h Atim-I≥'' F∂v hnti-jn-∏n-®n-´p-≠v.
IqSnbp≈ ]m≠n-ta-fam-W.v Ing-t°-Sbn-ep≈ c≠v
- - - alm-_ensb∏-‰n-bp≈ A⁄-XsIm-≠mImw At±-
-
B¬a-c-ß-fn¬ Ingt° B¬Ø-d-hsc tZh≥ l-sØ-s°m≠v Aßs ]d-bn-∏n-®Xv. Cu teJ-
-
FØp-∂p. AhnsS ]m≠n-Iem-in-°p-∂p. tZh≥ Ing-
- Is‚ Ffnb A`n-{]m-b-Øn¬ {io. NnØn-c-Xn-cp-
t°m´v taf-tØm-Sp-IqSn hcp-tºmƒ, t£{X-{]-th- mƒ alm-cm-Pmhv A`n-halm-_en-bm-Wv. jvS-
- - - -
i-Ønv A¿l-Xbn-√mØ Ah¿Æ¿ B {]tZiw
- - s∏-´p-t]mb alm-_en-m-fp-Isf ]p:{]Xn-jvTn-°m-
-
FÆ hnf- ° p- I - s f- s °m≠v {]Im- i - a m- - a m°n p≈ Xo{h- a mb A`n- h mRv O CX- √ msX
tZhs IÏp-fn¿s°°≠v Ap-{Klw tSp-∂p. F¥pƒs°m≈pw?

]n.-F≥. ºq-Xncn :˛ Ccn-ßm-e-°p-S-bn¬ Xma-kw. Kh. tImtfPv eIvN-ddmbn tkhw ApjvTn-
®n-´p-≠v. tKmh mj-W¬ C≥Ãn-ýq´v Hm^v Hmjym-tm-{Km^n, tIcf A{Kn-Iƒ®-d¬ bqWn-th-gvkn‰n
F∂o ÿe-ß-fn¬ Kth-j-I-m-bn-cp-∂p. Ct∏mƒ hmZy-ta-f-ß-sf-°p-dn®v Kl--amb Hcp {KŸ-c-N--
bn¬ apgp-In-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

23


icW Io¿Øw
v -A-n-b≥ v

A—-p-a-Ωbpw iw`p-hpw hnjvWphpw
]n® S-∂Xp ]¥-f-Øpw
Bt·-b≥, tlcw-_≥ X∂psS tkmZ-c≥
BcWyw hmk-Kr-l-hp-am°n
Cµn-cm-Im-¥s‚ am-k-]p-{Xv
aµncw ImSI a≤y-`mKw
Cutcgp-e-Inpw mY-mbv tahp-t∂m˛
coiz-c≥ hmgpw i_-cn-ae
DØa]qcp-j≥ X∂psS hmk-Øm˛
ep≤mw ta¬°p-ta¬ ]qIn-Sp∂p
Dugn-bn¬ h∂p ]nd∂q `K-hmpw
Dut°dpw cm£ko n{K-lm¿∞w
Fs∂∂pw amtem-I¿°m-{i-b-ta-Ip∂p
Nn∑-b-cq-]mw tZh-tZ-h≥
GIm-£-c-a{¥w sNm√n kvXpXn-°p-t∂m˛
tch¿°pw ap‡n-b-cpfpw mY≥
sFlnIPohnX taml-ß-sf-√mta
ambp∂p XmhI Z¿i--Øn¬
H≥]Xp tKmf-ßƒ amdpw Zi-Ifn¬ --
A≥t]msS `‡-sc-Im°pw tZh≥
Hmtcm ae-cnepw Hmtcm Xfn-cnepw
HmwImctamXp∂p a£n-hrµw
Hu∂-Xy-ta-dpam∏q¶m-h--Øn-¶¬
hs∂Øpw `q]m-e≥ h¿jw-tXmdpw
Awt`m-cp-lm-£≥ X≥ tan-bn¬ Nm¿Øp-hm≥
htº-dp-∂m-`-c-W-ß-fp-ambv
Aø-∏≥ X∂psS tamlcq]-sa≥
A¥-cw-K-Øn¬ sXfn-™o-Ss´!

5 Q5 Q5

24


hiykp-µ-cao ]©mcn
v s]cp-hw Ip´≥am-cm¿ v
"]©mcn' F∂ ]Z- Ø nv imkv { X- c oXy amhpw HØptN¿∂p, t{imt{X-{µn-b-Ønv BÀm-
"HcpXcw Xmfw' F∂mWv A¿∞w ]d™p ImWp- Z-I-c-amb Ap-`qXn krjvSn-°p∂ hmtZym-]-I-c-
∂-Xv. XmfsØ Kmb-I-tem-N {]am-W-a-p-k-cn®v W-ß-fpsS tafw BWv ""tafw'' F∂p -s]m-Xpsh
Cßs n¿h-Nn®pImWp-∂p. ]d-bm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
""Ime: {Inbm N amw N "ane t«j-tW-˛-tafw' F∂mWp {]am-Ww.
kw`-h¥n bZm-k-l, tIc- f ob Xmf]≤- X n- b - p- k - c n®v GIw,
XZm Xmf-ky -kw-`qXn {Xn]p-S, sNº-S, Nº, AS-¥, ]©m-cn, {[phw F∂n-
cnXn-t⁄bw hnN-£ssW:'' ßs Ggp Xmf-ß-fpw, Ahbv°v hyh-ÿm-]n-X-
Imehpw, {Inb-bpw, amhpw HØptNcp-∂-XmWv amb {]tbm-K-co-Xnbpw njvI¿jn-°p-∂p-≠v.
Xmfw. ChnsS "Ime'sa∂- X nv ka- b - s at∂
A¿∞-am-t°-≠p. Xmfw]nSn-°m≥ sNøp∂ {]hr-
Øn-I-tfm, tNjvS-Itfm BWv "{Inb-Iƒ'. Ah
c≠phn[-ap-≠v. "ki-_vZI'hpw, "n»-_vZI'hpw.
{Inb-Iƒ°n-S-°p≈ ka-b-amWv amw.
t{imt{X-{µn-b-Ønv BÀm-Z-I-c-amb HcXcw {Inb-
bmWv hmZyw.
"XXw hoWm-ZIw hmZy˛
am≤w apc-Pm-ZnIw
hwim-Zn-I¥p kpjncw
Imwky-Xm-fm-ZnIw Lw' ˛
F∂p, Aa-c-tImi {]Xn-]m-Z--a-p-k-cn®pw;
A£-c-Im-esØ ASn-ÿm--s∏-Sp-Øn-bpw,
"XXw ssNhm-h-≤w N
ASn-ÿmXmfsØ Bkv]Zam-°n-bpw, taf-ßsf
- -
Lw kpjnc tah N
]e-XmbnXncn-°mw. Ah ˛ ]m≠n, ]©m-cn, Qº,
NXp¿∆n[w Xp hnt⁄bw
sNº-S, A©-S¥, AS-¥, {[phw, jUvIm-cn, hw,
-
BtXmZyw e£-WmznXw' ˛
Iev]w, ebw F∂n-h-bm-Ip-∂p.
F∂p mSy-imkv{X{]am-W-a-p-k-cn®pw; hmZy-
]©mcntafw
ßsf "XX-hm-Zy-ßƒ', Ah-≤ hmZy-ßƒ, "L-
hm- Z y- ß ƒ', kpjn- c - h m- Z y- ß ƒ F∂n- ß s taf-ß-fpsS cmPmhv F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ ]©m-
membn Xcw-Xn-cn-°p-∂p. AXn¬ Ah--≤-hmZy cn-tafw sN≠-ta-f-Øns‚ kIe kujvT-h-hpw,
hn`m-K-Øn¬ (tXm¬sIm≠v hmbvaq-Sn-s°´n D≠m- Kmw`o-cyhpw HØptN¿∂ hiy-ta-ml--hpw, emky-
°p∂ D]-I-c-Ww) s]Sp∂ Hcp hmtZym-]-I-c-W- c-k-{]-[m--hp-amb Hcp hninjvS taf-am-Wv.
amWv sN≠. Ah--≤-hm-Zy-ß-fn¬ BenwKy (B- A≥]-sØm-∂-£-cmfn Ien-X-X-p-e-tX.....
enw-Kw sNbvXp hmbn-°p-∂-Xv) hn`m-K-Øn-emWv F∂p XpS-ßp∂ kp{]-kn-≤-amb t«mIw sIm≠v
sN≠ Dƒs∏-Sp-∂-Xv. Aßs Ime-hpw, {Inb-bpw, Duc-I-ØΩXncp-h-Snsb {]Io¿Øn® ag-aw-K-e-

25


Øns‚ hwi-]-c-º-c-bn-epƒs∏´ taft{]an-bmb ]Xn-hv. 96 A£-c-Im-e-Øn¬ 12 sNºS h´-ß-
Hcp ºq-Xn-cn-bpsS D]-tZ-i-{]-Imcw {]K-¤-mb fmWv ChnsS sIm´p-∂-Xv. c≠mw-Imew apX¬ Dcp-
Hcp taf-hn-im-c-Z≥ cq]-I¬]- -sNbvXv {]kn-≤- fp-tIm¬, X°n-´, Ipg-a-dn-™-Imew F∂n-h-bmWv
amb s]cp-hw ]qc -Zn-hkw Ac-ßØv Ah-X-cn- bYm-{Iaw hcp-∂-Xv. 48 A£-c-Im-e-amWv ChnsS
∏n-®XmWv hiy-kp-µcamb ]©m-cn-tafw F∂mWv
- - - sImń-Øo¿°p-∂-Xv. Ah-bn-em-Is´ Ime-ß-fpsS
sFXn-lyw. A©p-Im-e-ß-fn-embn kwhn-[mw FÆ-a-p-k-cn®v Dcp-fp-tIm-en-epw, AXn-t-°mƒ
sNø-s∏-ń-cn-°-bm¬ CXv "]©mcn' F∂-dn-b-s∏- IqSnb FÆ- Ø n¬ X°n´bn- e pw, X°n- ´ - t b-
Sp-∂p. °mƒIq-Snb FÆ-Øn¬ Ipg-a-dn™ L´-Ønepw
"cq]Iw' ASn-ÿm Xmf-ambn ]©m-cn-bn¬ CS-°-em-i-ßƒ FSp-°p-I-bmWv {]mtbW sNøp-
kzoI-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. 96 A£cIme-Øn-ep≈ ]Xn- ∂-Xv. taf-`wKn jvS-s∏-SmsX taf-[¿Ωw ]cn-]m-
Im-e-Øn¬ Bcw-`n®v {ItaW 48, 24, 12, 6 F∂n- en-°-s∏-Sp-I-bmWv apJyw.
ß-s-bp≈ A£-c-Im-e-Øn-te°v Npcp-ßp-∂- aq∂mw Ime-Øn¬ 24 A£-c-amWv Hcp Xmf-
XmWv CXns‚ {]Ir-Xw. CXc taf-ßsf At]- h-´w. Dcp-fpssI Ime-Øn¬ 3 Iem-i-ßƒ sIm´pw.
£n®v Hcp tImepw, ssIbpw D]-tbm-Kn-®m-Wv X°n-´-bn¬ 2 sNºS h´-am-bn-´mWv Dcp-fpssI
]©m-cn- sIm-´p-∂-Xv. "]©mcn' XpS-ßn-bm¬ ]Øp- sIm´p-∂-Xv. ]n∂oSv CS-°m-e-Øn¬ 6 Iem-i-ß-
m-gnI F∂p -]-d-bm-dp≠v. imkv{Xo-b-amb ]©m- fpw, Ipg-adn™ Ime-Øn¬ 12 Iem-ißfp-sa-SpØv
- - -
cn-ta-fØnv mep-aWn-°q¿ kabw thW-sa-∂mWv
- - memw Ime-Øn-te°p IS-°p-∂p. memw Ime-
CXp-sIm≠v A¿∞-am-°p-∂-Xv. Cu ]Øp-m-gn-I- Øn¬ 12 A£-cIm-eap≈ Xmf-h´ßfm-Wv. X°n´
- - - - -
bn¬ 5 mgnI H∂mw Ime-Øn-pw, XpS¿∂p≈ 5 Dcp-fp-ssI-bn¬ 4 Iem-i-ßƒ sIm´p-∂p. CS-°m-
mgnI a‰p mep-Im-e-ßƒ°pw Xpey-ambn hc- e-ß-fn-te°v IS∂v 8 Iem-i-ß-fpw, Ipg-a-dn™
Ø-°-hn[w Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-I-bm-Wv sNøp-∂-Xv. L´-Øn¬ 16 Iem-i-ß-fp-sa-SpØv A©mw Ime-
F∂m¬ ka-b-n-jvT-bn¬ A¬]-kzev]w t`Z-K- Øn-te°v IS-°p-∂p.
Xn-Iƒ taf-{]-am-Wn-bpsS atm-[¿Ω-a-p-k-cn®v Bdv A£-c-Im-e-amb A©mw Ime-Øn¬
kzoI-cn-°m-dp-≠v. Dcp-fp-ssI-˛-X-°n-´-bn¬ 5 Iem-i-ß-fpw, CS-°m-e-
hnfw-_cw, a≤y-aw, {ZpXw, AXn-{ZpXw F∂o Øn¬ 10 Iem-i-ß-fpw, Ipg-a-dn™ Ime-Øn¬ 20
Ime-L-S-sb Ah-ew_am°n-bpw, Bdv A£-c- Iem-i-ß-fp-sa-Sp-°p-∂p. AXn-p-tijw Xodp-I-em-
Im-e-ap≈ ]©mcnXmfsØ A©mw -Im-e-am-°n- i-Øn-te°p {]th-in-°p-∂p.
bp-amWv ]©mcntafw Nn´-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. L´-t`-Z-a-p-k-cn®v Iem-i-ßsf km[m-cW
tafw Bcw-`n-°p∂ ka-bsØ Ime-an-S¬ Iemiw, Dcp-fp-tIm¬ Iem-iw, L´m¥ Iem-iw,
(Xp-S°w) F∂p-]dbm-dp-≠v. tIm¬ sIm-≠p am{Xw
- - - - Xmgv∂ Iemiw F∂n-ßs hnh-£n-°m-dp-≠v.
sNº-S-h´w ASn-®p-]n-Sn®v, hnfw-_-Im-e-Øns‚ Ipsd Iem-ißƒ Bh¿Øn-®p- sIm-ń-°gn-™m¬
- -
BZy-L-´-Øn¬ Bcw-`n®v memw sNºS h´- FSp-°p-∂Xv km[m-cW Iem-i-am-Wv. Hcp L´w
Øn¬ Hcp Iqń-Ø´v hcp-∂p. F´v A£-c-Im-e- Ah-km-n®v ASpØ L´-Øn-te°v IS-°p-tºmƒ
ap≈ Hcp Xmf-h-´-sØ-bm-Wv sNº-S-h´w F∂p FSp-°p-∂Xv L´m-¥Iem-ihpw, Imew amdp-tºmƒ
- - -
]d-bp-∂-Xv. Cßs 6,8,10,11,12 sNºS h´-Øn-epw, Xmgv∂ Iem-i-hpw, t¿tIm¬L-´w- I-gn™v FSp-
Iqń-Ø´v Ign™ taf-Øns‚ Xmf-h´w Bcw-`n- °p-∂Xv Dcp-fp-tIm¬ Iem-i-hp-am-Wv.
°p-∂Xv hnfw-_-Im-e-Øn-em-Wv. Ap-_‘ hmZy- ]©m- c n- t a- f - Ø ns‚ 1,2,3 Ime- ß - f n¬
amb Ipdpw-Ip-g¬ taf-Øn¬ tNcp-∂Xpw Cu L´- Xmfw]nSn-°p-∂Xv sNº-Sań¬ Xs∂-bm-Wv. 3 Aa-
- -
Øn-em-Wv. °¬, Hcp ho®v, ]ns∂ 3 Xpd∂ ASn, Hcp ho®v
]Xn-Im-e-Øn¬ ne, X°n-´, Ipgadn™ F∂ {Ia-Øn-em-Wn-Xv. memw Ime-Øn¬ mev
L´w F∂ {Ia-Øn¬ 6,4,6 CS-°-em-i-ß-fmWv A£-c-Im-e-ap≈ aq∂p apdn-s®-º-S-bm°n Xmfw-

26


]n-Sn-°p-∂p. A©mw-Im-e-Øn¬ A©v ASn-bpw, IemisØ XpS¿∂p hcp∂ c≠p apX¬
Hcp ho®p-am-bmWv Xmfw-]n-Sn-°p-∂-Xv. Bdphsc Xmfh´ßfnemWv sImºqXp∂Xv. tafw
taf-Øns‚ {][m Npa-Xe Dcp-´p-sN-≠-°m- sIm´p∂ ImeØns‚ ssZ¿Lyw IW°m°n
cpsS Sp-hn¬ n¬°p∂ {]am-W-°m-c-m-sW-¶n- sImºv hmZØns‚ coXn {IaoIcn®n´p≠v. BZyw
epw, A{X-Xs∂ DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw Ipg¬{]am-W-°m- c≠p sNºSh´w ssZ¿LyØnepw, ]n∂oSv Hcp
c-p-ap-≠v. Ipg¬ Np‰n-°¬, Npg-‰¬, Ipºn-S¬, Xpd- sNºSh´w ssZ¿LyØnepw, ]ckv]cw amdn amdn
∂q-X¬ Cßs ]e -k-t¶-X-ßfpw D]-tbm-Kn- {]tbmKn®Xnp tijw Xmfh´Øns‚
®mWv Ipg¬°m-c≥ taf-Øns‚ hnhn[ L´-ß- Ahkmw F√mhcpw tN¿∂v {]tbmKn°p∂
sf-∏‰n sN≠-°m¿°pw a‰p hmZy-°m¿°pw n¿t±- coXnbmWv XpS¿∂p hcp∂Xv . Hmtcm Iemi
i- ß ƒ ¬Ip- ∂ - X v . taf- Ø ns‚ Hmtcm Ime- L´Ønepw, Hmtcm Xmfh´sa¶nepw sImºp
Ønpw Bp-]m-Xn-I-ambn th≠ kabnjvT hmZw thWsa∂Xv n¿_‘amWv.
Hmtcm L´Ønepw th≠ IemißfpsS FÆw, tafØnv BZy¥w {ipXnebhpw, sImgp∏pw
c≠p Iemißƒ°nSbv°p≈ Xmfh´ßfpsS ¬Ip∂Xv CeØmfamWv . Xmft_m[w a‰p
FÆw n¿Æbn°¬, F∂nh taf {]amWnsb hmZIcnepw, t{imXm°fnepw DW¿ØpIbmWv
t]mseXs∂ Ipg¬ {]amWnbptSbpw DØchmZn CeØmfØns‚ [¿Ωw tafØn¬ Aen™p
XzØn¬ s]Sp∂p. tN¿∂ncn°p∂ CeØmfØns‚ mZw
sN≠bpsS mZ]cºcsb {]Iºw
sIm≈n°p∂p.
tafØn¬ sN≠bv°p ]pdsa tN¿°p∂
ApkmcnhmZyßfmb IpdpwIpg¬, sImºv ,
CeØmfw F∂nhbpsS FÆØnpw
imkv { Xobamb Ap]mXap≠v . Hcp tafw
sIm´p∂ sN≠°v aq∂p he¥e sN≠bpw, Hcp
Ipgepw, Hcp sImºpw, c≠v CeØmfhpw
ApkmcnhmZyambn thWw. ]Xn©v sN≠
ap≥ ncbn¬ tafw sIm´ptºmƒ, mev]ØnA©v
he¥e sN≠Iƒ Xmfw ]nSn°phm≥ thWw.
IpdpIpgepw, sImºpw ]Xn©phoXhpw, ap∏Xv
tafØnv kwKoXw ¬Ip∂Xv CeØmfhpw thWw. s√mcp tafØnv
IpdpwIpgemIp∂p. hnfw_ ImeØn¬ {]tbmK q‰nCcp]tXmfw t]¿ thWa∂¿∞w.
km≤yX IqSpXep≈ IpdpwIpg¬ taft®m¿® ‘ tZhtaf ’ ambmWv ]©mcntafw
kw`hn°msX tafsØ apt∂m´psIm≠p IW°m°s∏Sp∂Xv. AXpsIm≠pXs∂ t£{X
t]mIm≥ klmbn°p∂p. tafØnp ]mIØn¬ aXn¬s°´nIØpw t£{X ShgnIfnepamWv
kwKoXsØ ]mIs∏SpØptºmfmWv tafw ]©mcntafw AhXcn∏n°s∏Sp∂Xv. s]cphw
hiykpµcamIp∂Xv. ]qcØn¬ NmØ°pSw, DucIw, tN¿∏v
tafØnv Ihpw, tamSnbpw Iq´p∂ ]qcßfpsS ]©mcnIƒ s]cphw
D]IcWamWv sImºv. F∂m¬ tafØnse a‰p ShgnbnemWv Bhnjv°rXamhp∂Xv.
hmZyßsft]mse sImºv tafØn¬ Ip´s√q¿ ]qcØns‚ ]©mcnbpw, t£{X
BZyhkmw D]tbmKn°s∏Sp∂n√. SbnemWv AhXcn∏n°s∏Sp∂Xv. Bdm´p]pg
]XnImeØnepw, c≠mw ImeØnepw, Hcp ]qcØn¬ Bdm´p]pg imkvXmhns‚ ]©mcn
Xmfh´w apgph≥ sImºqXp∂p. 3,4,5 Imeßfn¬ t£{XØnp ]pdØv sXm´p ap≥hiØmWv

27


SØmdp≈Xv . Xr∏qWnØpd, Ccnßme°pS hnf°p Znhkw 41 tZho tZh∑m¿ s]cphtØ
F∂o t£{Xßfn¬ t£{X aXn¬°IØmWv °pw, Bdm´p Znhkw 108 tZho tZh∑m¿
]©mcn AhXcn∏n°s∏Sp∂Xv. Bdm´p]pgbnte°pw, Cc´b]s BZcn°m≥
s]cphw Bdm´p]pg ]qcßfn¬ ]©mcn FØnt®¿∂ncp∂p. Cc´b]≥ BdmSnbncp∂
tafhpw, ]m≠n tafhpw kpeàmsW¶nepw, ]pgbmWv Bdm´p]pg. D’hw apSßnbXp apX¬
]©mcntafØnmWv BkzmZIakpIƒ Cc´b∏≥ ]pdtØ°v Fgp∂p≈nbncp∂ ]Xnhv
IqSpX¬ {]mapJyw ¬In°mWp∂Xv. C√mXmbn. ]gb D’hØns‚ kvacWbn¬ 18
Xr∏qWnØpd D’hØnv 15 ]©mcnbpw, tZhotZh∑m¿ aoamkØnse ]qbw mfn¬
Ccnßme°pS D’hØnv 16 ]©mcnbpw, s]cphØpw, 23 tZhotZh∑m¿ ]qcw mfn¬
Kpcphmbq¿ t£{XØn¬ hntij Bdm´p]pgbnepw BtLmjßtfmsS FØn
Znhkßfnsems° cmhnse tafØnv an°hmdpw t®cp∂ ]XnhmWv C∂v nenev°p∂Xv.
]©mcntafhpamWv ]Xnhv. s]cphw Bdm´p]pg ]qcßfn¬
s]cphw ]©mcntafØns‚ P∑`qanbmbn ]s¶Sp°p∂ t£{Xßfn¬ aIbncw ]pd∏mSp
´mWv Adnbs∏Sp∂Xv. apX¬ BtLmjßƒ Bcw`n°p∂p. Cu
‘BbmXp inhtemIw x ]qcmtLmjßfn¬ tafßfpsS Hcp irwLe
IemhnXn hn temIm¬ Xs∂ AXnhn]peambn Actßdp∂p.
Nn¥bm kZv`ncmcwò D{Xwmfn¬ FS°p∂n `KhXn t£{XØnse
tZh]qcatlm’hx’ hnkv X cn® ]©mcntaftØmsS s]cphw ˛
(Cu IenImeØpw ap°v inhtemIw Bdm´p]pg ]qcßfnse tafirwLe GItZiw
hcs´sb∂ {]m¿∞tbmsS, k÷ßfm ]q¿ÆamIp∂p.
temNn®v tZh]qc atlm’hw Bcw`n®p.) mSyimkv{XØn¬ hmZyßfpsS {]tbmK
CXnse {]Ya]mZw “s]cphw Bdm´p]pg]qcw” kµ¿`ßƒ Cßs hnhcn°p∂p.
Bcw`n®Xns‚ IenZn kwJysb°pdnbv°p∂p.
“D’th ssNhbmt N
˛ 1345610 ˛ AXmbXv Ienh¿jw 3684˛mam≠v
r]mWmw awKtfjvT N
aoamkw 27˛mw XobXn sh≈nbmgvN XpSßn
ip` I√ymW tbmtK N
1427 h¿jw ]n∂n´ ]mcºcyamWv Cu tZh
taf°p≈Xv. hnhmlIctW XYm
D¬]mtX kw{`nta ssNh
IpwàmkØnse ]qcwmfn¬ sImSnIbdn kw{Kmta ]p{X P∑n
aoamkØnse ]qcwmfn¬ Bdm´mbn CuZrtijvT ln ImtcyjvT
BtLmjn®ncp∂ s]cphØp’hw {ItaW
k¿hmtXmZymn hmZtb¬.”
£bn®v , ]gb D’hØns‚ henb hnf°p
Znhkamb aoamkØnse ]qbw mfn¬ hnhn[ kµ¿`ßfn¬ tZhs Fgp∂
s]cphw]qcambpw, Bdm´p Znhkamb ≈n°m≥ apX¬ awKf aplq¿Øßƒ°p hsc
]qcwmfn¬ Bdm´p]pg ]qchpambpamWv Ct∏mƒ hmZyßƒ D]tbmKn°p∂p. F∂m¬ efnX
BtLmjn®phcp∂Xv. AXp kpµcItf_camb kwKoXam[pcnbmWv
t]mse s]cphsØ henb ]m©mcntafØns‚ hiyXbv°p nZmw.
s]cp-hw Ip´≥am-cm¿ :˛ Ap{KloX IemImc≥. Xriq¿ ]qcØnv ]mdta°mhv hn`mKØns‚
{]amWn. Xr∏qWnØpd, Ccnßme°pS, s]cphw XpSßnb nch[n t£{Xßfn¬ tafØnv {]mamWyw
hln°p∂p. taf{]amWnbmbncp∂ s]cphw A∏pamcmcpsS ]p{X≥. Bcm[I¿ hnc{iwJe ¬In
BZcn®n´p≠v.

28


]m≠n-tafw
v kZw Znhm-Icamcm¿ v
]m≠n-tafw XpS-ßp-∂-Xnp apt∂m-Sn-bmbn {Xn]p-S-Xmfw ]nSn-°p∂ coXn, imkv{Xo-b-
sNº-S-tafw aq∂pw mepw Ime-ßƒ sImń Iem- amb {Xn{i-PmXn {Xn]pS Hcp eLp c≠v {ZpXw
in®v, ]m≠n-ta-f-Øns‚ ap∂-dn-bn∏v F∂ ne- BW-t√m. AtX-t]mse Xs∂ HcSnbpw c≠p
bn¬ H∂mw Ime-Ønv apºmbn ""Heº¬'' (Iq- hncepw ASpØ {ZpXhpw AXn- t mSv tN¿∂
ń-s∏-cp-°¬) XpS-ßp∂p. Iqń-s∏-cp-°¬ F∂Xv {ZpXhpw ASnbpw hn®nepw Xpd-∂v Xmfw ]nSn-°p∂
Dcp-´p-sN-≠bpw he-¥ebpw Ce-Øm-fhpw Hcp`m- coXn-bmWv ]m≠n-ta-f-Øn-v. ]Xn-Imew (H∂mw
KØpw, Ipdp-wIp-gepw sImºpw adp-`m-K-Øp-ambn Imew) 28 A£-c-Im-e-Øn¬ {Xn]p-S-Xm-f-Øns‚
]ncn™v Dcp-´p-sN-≠-°m¿ c≠p-ssIøpw Db¿Øn- mev If Nu°-hpw, c≠mw Ime-amb 14-˛¬ A£-
∏n-Sn®v BZyw he-Xp-ssI- c-Imew c≠v If Nu°-
bnse tIm¬ sIm≠v hpw, 7 A£- c - I mew
""Kn¿'' F∂pw XpS¿∂v CS- hcp∂ 3˛mw Imew Hcp
Xp- s sI- t Im¬ sIm≠v If Nu°-hp-ambn Ah-
""[ow'' F∂pw sImń X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.
""Kn¿ [ow'' F∂m-cw-`n-°p-
]©m-cn-ta-f-Øn¬
∂p. Heº- e ns‚
n∂pw hyXy-kvX-ambn
ssZ¿Lyw ]cn- K - W n®v
IqSn-bXv Gg-£-c-°mew ]m≠n- t afw Ccp- s sI-
CS- h n´v c≠m- a Xv ønepw tIm¬ D]-tbm-Kn-
""Kn¿[ow'' sImń Cu ®mWv sIm´p-∂-Xv. Xmc-
c≠p Kn¿[o- a ns‚ CS- X- t ay Akp- c - ` mhw
thf Ipg¬°mcpw {]ikvXamb Ce™nØdtafw ssIh-cn-°p∂ taf-co-Xn-
sImºp-hm-Z--°mcpw bmWv ]m≠n. ]©m-
tN¿∂v ]qcn-∏n-t°≠XmWv Cu "Kn¿[ow' XpS¿∂v cntafw kmXzn-I-amb Hcp taf kwhn-[m--am-Wv.
ÿmbn-bn¬ FØp-∂-Xnv Hmtcm Ap-{ZpXw ]©-`q-Xm-∑-I-amWv Hmtcm Ime-ßƒ. hnfw_w,
hoXw Ipd®v Ipd®v sIm≠p-h∂v CS-hn-SmØ ne- a≤yw, {ZpXw F∂n-ßs sImń-°bdn Ah-kmw-
bn¬ apdp-°n-s°m-≠p-h∂v Btcm-lW Ah-tcm- B Imew Xmgv∂ Iem-iamb 16 A£-cIm-eØn¬
- - -
lW {Ia-Øn¬ Cu {]{Inb aq∂p-{]m-hiyw Iem-in®v ASpØ Ime-Øn-te°v {]th-in-°p∂
Bh¿Øn®v Lw Ipd®v Ipd®v sIm≠p-h∂v am{X- coXn- b m- W v . F∂m¬ ]m≠n°v B coXn- b - √ .
Iƒ sX‰msX n¿Øp-∂p. ]m≠n sImń-°bdp-Ibm-Wv. CSbv°v n¿Øn ASp-
- - -
Ø-`mKw FSp-°p∂ coXn-b-√. Hmtcm Iem-i-
Cßs n¿Øn-b-tijw 14 A£-c-Ime
ßƒ°pw {ItaW Imew tIdp-tºmƒ Nne am‰-
kabw Ign™v (Cu 14 A£-c-Im-e-Øns‚ ka-
ßƒ hcp-∂p≠v F∂-√msX ÿmbnbmb Xmf-
b-hpw sImºpw Ipgepw hmbn®v nd-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.)
Øn¬ n∂pw am‰w hcp-∂n-√.
Dcp-´p-sN-≠-bn¬ HcSn ASn-®-Xn-p-tijw CS-hn´v
c≠-£-c-Im-e-Øn¬ Hcp ""XIr-X-IrX'' Dcp-fpssI XnI®pw kmXzn-I-a-√mØ Cu tafw t£{X-
sImń n¿Øn, Cuc≠-£-c-°mew CShn´v aq∂p- a-Xn-en--IØv ]Yy-a-√. t£{X aXn¬s°-ńp
{]m-hiyw Hmtcm tIm¬ sN≠-°mcpw Xmf-°mcpw ]pdØp am{X-amWv Cu tafw SØp∂-Xv. tZhs‚
Ipg¬°mcpw tN¿∂v Aa¿Øn-s°mń ]m≠n-bpsS t£{X-a-Xn-eIw ""tZihpw'', aXn-enp ]pdw ""]c-
Xmf-amb ""{Xn{i-PmXn {Xn]pS'' men-c-ń-bmb 28 tZi''hpambn k¶¬∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. Cu taf-Ønv
A£-c-Im-e-Øn-te°v {]th-in-°p∂p (H∂mw ""]c-tZin'' F∂¿∞w hcp∂ ""]m≠n'' F∂ t]cv
Imew ]Xn-Im-ew) kn≤n®p F∂-p-am-n-°mw. ]≠v ae-bmf tZi-

29


Ønv ASp-Øp≈ {]tZiw ""]m≠n-tZiw'' F∂- c≠mw Imew (]-Xn™ {Xn]p-S)
dn- b - s ∏- ´ n- c p- ∂ p. ""]c- t Ziw'' ]m≠n- t Z- i - a mbn 14 A£-c-Ime Xmfw
Aßs ]c-tZ-i-tafw ]m≠n-ta-f-ambn Adn-b- c≠mw Ime-Øns‚ Hcp Xmf-h-´-Ønv 14
s∏´p XpS-ßn. A£-c-Im-e-am-Wv. Aßns 5 Xmf-h´w IqSnb
kmXzn-I-a-√mØ Cu tafw Xr»q¿ hS-°pw- Iem-i-ßƒ ÿmbn-t]mse sImń-h∂v 10 {]mh-
mY t£{X-Ønse kp{]-kn-≤-amb Ce-™n-Ød iy-sa-¶nepw Bh¿Øn®v Iem-in-°p-∂p.
taf-am-Wv. CXv ]m≠n-ta-f-am-sW-¶n¬ Xs∂bpw, CXn-p-tijw apń-t∑¬ CcpØn sImt´≠
XpS-ßp-∂Xv aXn-en-p-]p-d-Øp-n-∂p-am-Wv. ]md-ta- `mK-am-Wv. CXnv t¿tIm-se∂pw ]d-bm-dp-≠v.
°mhv `K-h-Xn-bpsS ]Sn-™mtd S-bn¬ n∂mWv ""X°n´'' Dcpfp-ssI-øm-bn-´mWv {]tbm-Kw. t¿tIm-
XpS- ° w, Ah- k m- n- ° p- ∂ - X v . hS°pwmYs‚ en¬ 12 Iem-i-ß-sf-¶nepw sImt´-≠-Xm-Wv. ]Xn-
hSt° S-bn-ep≈ ]qc-∏-d-ºn-em-Wv. aq-∂m-a-tØ-Xnv ne-sIm-´p-∂p. "XIr-X-IrX' CXv
aq∂mw Ime-Øn-te°v IS-°p-∂-Xnv kqN--bmbn
H∂mw Imew (]-Xn-Im-ew) ]cn-K-Wn-°p-∂p.
Xn{i-PmXn {Xn]pS 7 x 4 = 28 A£-c-Im-e- aq∂mw Imew
amb Hcp Xmf-h-´-am-Wv. henb taf-am-sW-¶n¬ {Xn]pS Gg-£cw hcp-∂-XmWv aq∂mw Ime-
A©v Xmf-h´w hsc sImń A©m-asØ Xmf-h- Øns‚ Hcp Xmf-h-´w. Cu `mKØp apń-t∑¬
´-Øn¬ Ipg¬°m-c≥ Ipºn´v Iem-i-sa-Sp-°p-∂p. CcpØn sIm´p∂ Iem-i-ß-fm-Wv. Cu Ime-Ønv
Iemiw Cc-ń-n-ebn¬ 28 A£-cIm-eambn sImń
- - - ""CS-ne'' F∂p ]d-bp-∂p. Chn-sSbpw Npcp-ßn-
Ah-km-sØ 22-˛masØ A£-cØn¬ Iem-in®v,
- bXv 14 Iem-i-ß-sf-¶nepw Iem-in®v "XIr-X-IrX'
ap≥hn-h-cn® {]Imcw 28 A£-c-Im-e-Øn¬ ne- ne-sImń 7 A£-c-amb c≠mw `mK-ambn ASpØ
sImń XpS-cp-∂p. Cßs hnfw-_- Im-e-Øn¬ 4 L´-Øn-te°v {]th-in-°p-∂p.
Iem-i-ß-sf-¶nepw sIm´-Ww. ASp-Ø-`mKw
AXn-p-tijw ""Xpd-∂Sn'' F∂ `mK-tØ°v 7 A£cw IqSn-bXv Xs∂-bmWv Cu `mK-
IS-°p-∂p. F¥mWv Xpd-∂Sn F∂p ]d-bp-∂Xv? Øn-ep≈ Xmf-h-´-hpw. A©v Xmf-h´w Ign-™m¬
{Xn]p-S-Xm-f-Øns‚ eLp (HcSnbpw c≠v hnc-epw) Iemiw "X°n´' Dcp-fp-ssI-bmWv sIm´p-I. Cu
c≠p hnc¬ Xmfw ]nSn-®n-cp-∂Xv Aa°n sImń- `mK-Ønv ""Iqń-Ø´v'' F∂p-]-d-bpw. 20 Iem-i-ß-
bm-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ Xpd∂Sn h∂-t∏mƒ B c≠v sf-¶nepw Bh¿Øn-°-Ww, AXn-p-tijw icn-
Aa°n sImépw Xpd-∂-Sn-®p-Xp-S-ßp-∂p. ChnSw bmb Ime-Øn¬ Xodp-I-em-i-Øn-te°v {]th-in®v
apX¬ Imew Ib-dn-Øp-S-ßp-∂p. ap≥ coXn-bn¬ ""X°n´'' Dcp-fp-ssI-øm-bn-´mWv sIm´p-I. Xodnv
Xs∂ 4 Iem-i-ßƒ sIm´p-Ibpw Iem-i-ßƒ°v Bh-iy-amb ssZ¿Lyw e`n-®m¬ Dcp-´p-sN-≠°m¿ -
Nne am‰-ßƒ h∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bpw sNøpw. Ipºn-Sm≥ Hcpßp∂p. {ItaW Aa¿Øn-s°m-ń-
s°m-≠p-h∂v {]amW sN≠-°m-c≥, F√m Dcp-´p-
Ah- k m ImeiaSn- ® p- s Imń taf- Ø ns‚
sN-≠-°m-scbpw Ipºn-´-a¿Øn sImń®v XpS-ßn-
ssZ¿Lyw ]cn-K-Wn®v Ie-mi-ßƒ sImt´-≠-Xm- b-tijw Xmpw Ipºn´v tijn-s°m-ØhÆw IcSp
-
Wv. ASn®p Iem-i-Øn-p-tijw "XIr-X-IrX' IqSmsX aqt∂m At©m Xmf- h ´w sImń-
F∂ Iem-i-Øn-te°v IS-°p-∂p. CXnepw Hcp 7 °emin®v nh¿∂v tafw Ah-km-n-∏n-°p-∂p.
Iem-i-ßƒ Ign-™m¬ "X°n´' Dcp-fpssI Hcp
]m≠n-ta-f-Øns‚ Npa-Xe F√mw ]©m-cn-
Iemiw sImń Ah-km-n-∏n®v ASpØ Iem-i- ta-f-ß-fnse t]mse-bm-Wv. ChnsS Ipdpw-Ip-g¬
Øn-te°v IS-°p-∂p. {]tbmKw ss`chn cmK-Øns‚ `mh-Øn-em-bm¬
G‰hpw ∂m-bn-cn-°pw.

kZw Znhm-Icamcm-¿ :˛ Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßcbnse taf-Ønv BZy-Imew apX¬s° {]am-Wn. IY-I-
fn-bn-epw, Xmb-º-I-bn-epw, taf-Ønepw Hcpt]mse Ignhv {]Z¿in-∏n-°p∂ {]K-¤≥. injy¿ hoc-irw-Je
¬In BZ-cn-®n-´p-≠v.

30


{]Nm-cep-]vXßfmb taf-ßƒ
- - -
v sI.-hn. cmP-tKm-]m-e≥InSmhv v
ΩpsS lrZ- b - ß - f n¬ A¥¿eo- - a mbn AXn- k q- £ v a - ` m- h - ß ƒ°pw AXn- t Lm- j - ß -
h¿Øn-°p∂ kZv`m-h-ß-fpsS X{¥n-Isf sXm´p- tfmsSbp≈ ]S-∏p-d-∏m-Sp-Iƒ°pw Ccn-In-S-Iƒ°pw
W¿Øn lrZ- b - h n- a - e o- I - c - W - Ø n- e qsS sΩ Iem-i-ßƒ°pw mZXeß-sfm-cp-°p-hm≥ sN≠-
kwhnXvhn{im-¥n-bpsS taJ-e-bn-te°p bn-°p- bv°p-km-[n-°pw. Xndbv°pw, sXø-Øn-pw, XnSºp
I-sb∂XmWv GXp-Iem-hn-Zy-bp-tSbpw ]ca-[¿Ωw.
- rØ- Ø npw apSn- t b- ‰ n- p- s a- ∂ - t ]mse taf-
lrZ-b-tØmSv tcn-´p- kw-th-Zw km[n-t°≠ ßƒ°pw Xmb-º-Ibv°pw tIfn-sIm-´npw IY-I-
kwKo-X-Øns‚ fn-°p-sa√mw {]Y-
{]Y-ahpw {][m-- a-ÿm-Øp hmZ
hp-amb [¿Ωhpw w sNø-s∏-Sp∂
CXp-X-s∂. Ωp hmZy-amWv sN≠.
sS taf-]-©-hm-Zy- taf-]-©-
ßfpw Xmb-º-I- hm-Zy-ßƒt]mse
bp- s a√mw Cu _rlØpw al-
Iem- X - X z- Ø nv Øp- a mb hrµ-
ASn- h - c - b n- S p- ∂ p. hmZyw Cu temI
tZh-Xm-ÿm Øv A]q¿∆-am-tb-
ßfn¬ Ap- bp-≈q. Xmf-hm-Zy-
jvTm]c- a m- b n- ßƒ Hc¤p- X -
Øp-Sßn anI-hp‰ kw-Ko-X -{]-]©w
Iem-hn-jv°m-c-ß- Xs∂-bmWv
fmbn hnI- k n- X - Xr{]bm¿ GImZin krjv S n- ° p- ∂ Xv
ambhbmWv ΩpsS hmZy-I-e-I-sf-√mw-X-s∂. k¿K-ssh-`-h-am¿∂ Xmf-hn-ym-k-ßƒsIm≠v
sN≠, a±-fw, Xnan-e, CS-bv°, angm-hv, Ce-Øm-fw, Ah hnkvabm-hlamb _rl-Zvin-ev]ßƒ BcNn-
- - - - -
Ipdpw-Ip-g¬, sImºv, tNßn-e, iwJv, mK-kz-cw, °p-∂p. tIc-f-{]-Ir-Xn-bpsS emh-Wy-hmbv]pw EXp-
XIn¬ F∂n-h-bm-Wt√m ΩpsS G‰hpw {][m- ]-cn-Wm-a-ß-fpsS Nmcp-X-bp-sa√mw ΩpsS taf-]-
- ß - f mb t£{X- h m- Z y- ß ƒ. Ah- b n¬Øs∂ ©-hm-Zy-ß-fn¬ HØnWßn n¬°p-∂p. tafw
sN≠sb∂ Ah-≤hmZyw khn-ti-jhpw kp{]- AXns‚ Xn-s∏´ thZn-I-fmb t£{X-Xncpap‰-ß-
[m- - h p- a mb ÿmØp n¬°p- ∂ p. "Akp- c - fnepw S-h-gn-I-fnepw ]mS-ß-fnepw S-Øm-dp≈
hmZy'sas∂ms° t]cp-s≠-¶nepw `mh-m-im-en- Fgp-s∂-≈n-∏p-Iƒ°-I-º-Sn-bmbnØs∂ I≠pw-
Ifpw km[-I-kn-≤n-bm¿÷n®hcp-amb hmZ-I-cpsS tI´pw Ap-`-hn®dnb-Ww, Be-h´ sh¨Nm-ac
Ic-ß-fn¬ sN≠ tZh-hm-Zy-ambn amdp-∂p. G‰hpw apØp-°p-SIfpw, Na-bßfpw-sIm≠v Aew-Ir-Xcmb
- - - -
mZ-kn-≤n-bp≈ Ah-≤hmZy-ß-fn-sem-∂mWv KP-ho-c-∑m¿ tIme-ßfpw, XnS-ºp-Ifpw hln®v
sN≠. AXy¥w arZp-a-[p-c-ß-fmb n-Z-ßfpw AWn-n-c-°p∂ Zriy-s∏m-en-a, Xosh-´n-I-fpsS
{]N- W v U - t Lm- c - ß - f mb mZ- ß fpw sN≠- A·n-÷zm-e-Iƒ krjvSn-°p∂ {]`m-]q-cw, ImWn-
bn¬n∂p krjvSn-s®-Sp-°m-m-hpw. IY-I-fn-bnepw I-fpsS BÀm-Zm-chßƒ, BIm-isam-cp-°p∂ oe-
- - -
Xmb-º-I-bnepw taf-ß-fnepw tIfn-bnepw a‰pw ta-em-∏v, Ch-sb√mw Bhm-ln®p ne-sIm-≈p∂

31


{]Ir-Xn-bpsS emh-Wy-Zo-]vX-amb ]›m-Ø-ehpw; ¶nepw, Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s∏-´p-Im-Wp-∂-Xv. Cu taf-
Ch-sb√mw tN¿s∂m-cp-°p∂ Ac-ßnte taf-kzm- ßsf IqSmsX ]©m£cn, jUv°m-cn, hw,
Zw ]q¿Æ-am-hp-I-bp-≈q. Iev ] w, ebw, {ipXn, {ioN- { Iw, Poh, an{iw,
sN≠-hm-Z-sØ AXo-h-lr-Zyhpw a[p-c- in¶mcn XpS-ßnb taf-ßfpw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s∏-ń-
]q¿W-hp-am-°p-∂Xv Dcp-´p-sN-≠-bpsS CSw-X-e- ´p-≠v. hfsc Ipd™ thf-I-fnse Ch-bn¬ an°-
bn¬ S-Øp∂ khn-ti-jamb ssItIm¬ {]tbm-
- hbpw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s∏-ń-´p-≈q.
K-ß-fm-Wv. tImep-IƒsIm≠p≈ Dcp-ń-s°m-´v, Ipa-c-]pcw A∏p-am-cm¿ cq]w-sIm-Sp-Øn-´p≈
Aap°n (A-S-®p) sIm´v, Xpd-∂-Sn, t¿tIm¬ "Iev]w' F∂ tafw 52 A£-c-Im-e-Øn¬ XpSßn
F∂n-h-bpw CSwssI D]-tbm-Kn®p (]-©m-cn-ta-f- 13 A£-c-Im-e-Øn¬ Ah-km-n-°p∂ aq∂p-Im-e-
Ønepw Xmb-º-I-bnepw a‰pw) D≠m--°p∂ "W' ß-fnembp-≈Xm-Wv. ]n.-F≥. ºq-Xn-cn-bmWv "an{i-
-
Imc "[nan' Imc- ß fpw "Nm∏p' "s]mØp' taf'Øns‚ D]-PvRm-Xm-hv. 5 Ime-ß-fn-em-bp≈
{]tbmKßfpw sN≠- b psS mZ- k n- ≤ n- t bbpw Cu tafw 112 A£-c-Im-e-Øn¬ XpSßn 7 A£-
km[y-XItfbpw sXfn-bn-®p-Im-´p∂hbm-Wv. sN≠-
- - c-Im-e-Øn¬ Ah-km-n-°pw-hn-[-amWn sNº-S,
t°m-ens‚ khn-ti-jm-Ir-Xn-bmWv Dcp-ń-s°m- AS-¥ F∂o ssien-I-fpsS Hcp an{iWamWo
s´∂ AXn-a-tm-lc {]tbm-KsØ km[y-am-°n- taf-Øn¬. Xmb-º-I-bnse "Xcn-InS' {]tbm-Khpw
Øo¿°p-∂Xv. taf-ß-fnse hnhn[ Ime-ßfpw an{i-ta-f-Øn¬ k∂n-th-in-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. Icn-b-
t¿tIm¬, X°n-´, Ipg-a-dn-b¬ XpS-ßnb L´- ∂q¿ mcm- b - W ≥ºq- X n- c nbpw a´- ∂ q¿ i¶-
ßfpw, hnhn-[Xcw Iem-ißfpw, Ce-Øm-fØns‚
- - - c≥Ipń- a m- c mcpw IqSn cq]w- s Im- S pØ "{ipXn-
"Pn©nss©' mZhpw, sImºp-Ip-g-ep-Iƒ {]Zmw taf'Øn¬ taf-hm-Zy-ßƒ Htc{ip-Xn-bn¬ sIm≠p-
sNøp∂ khn-tij n-Z-ßfpw Ahsb AXoh h-cm-p≈ {ia-amWv S-Øn-b-Xv. F∂m¬ Ipdp-¶p-
kzmZn- j v T - ß - f mb kwKoXhncp- ∂ p- I - f m- ° n- g-sem-gnsI taf-Ønse as‰mcp hmZyhpw {ipXn-
Øo¿°p-∂p. s∏m-cpØw hcp-Øm≥ Ah¿°p km[n-®n-ń-√. khn-
]©m-cn, ]m≠n, sNº-S, AS-¥, Nº, A©- ti-j-amw-hn-[-Øn-ep≈ hmZ-I-∑m-cpsS Xp≈epw
S-¥, {[phw F∂n-h-bmWv {][m--ambpw tIc-f- NmSepw AwK-hn-t£-]-ßfpw in¶m-cn-ta-f-Øns‚
Ønse t£{X-ß-fn¬ hmZw sNø-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. Ah-X-cW thf-bn¬ Zriy-am-Wv. tLmj-bm-{X-
Ah-bn¬Øs∂ ]©m-cn, ]m≠n, ]m≠n-s®-ºS Iƒ°pw a‰pw Cu tafw Bth-ihpw lchpw
F∂n-h-sbm-gn-sI-bp≈ taf-ßƒ A]q¿hm-h-k-c- ¬Ip-∂-Xm-bn-ImWmw. ChnsS ]cm-a¿in-°mØ
ß-fntem, Nne-bn-S-ß-fn¬ am{X-amtbm BWv Ah- ]e-ta-f-ßfpw ]e-Im-e-ß-fn¬ ]ecpw Ah-X-cn-
∏n-®n-´p-≠m-hmw. Aev]w hni-Z-ambn ChnsS Ah-
X-cn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. AXn-m¬ Ahsb A]q¿∆-
tem-Iw sNøm≥ t]mhp-∂Xv sNº-S, AS-¥,
ta- f - ß - s ft∂m, {]Nm- c - e p- ] v X - ß - f mb taf- ß -
Nº, A©-S-¥, {[phw F∂o taf-ß-sf-∏‰nbmWv.
sft∂m hnti-jn-∏n-°m-dp-≠v. ]m≠nbpw ]©m-
Ch-sb√mw c≠p-tIm-ep-I-fp-]-tbm-Kn-®p -sIm-´p-∂-
cnbpw apdn-s®-º-Sbpw Am-bm-k-ambn Ah-X-cn-
h-bm-Wv.
∏n-°p-∂ a≤y-tI-c-f-Ønse hmZ-I-∑m¿ ]ecpw Cu
A]q¿∆-ta-f-ßƒ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn¬th≠{X sNº-S-tafw
km[-I-_ew tSmØhcm-Wv. Kpcp-hm-bq¿, sImSp- ]m≠n-ta-f-Øns‚ apt∂m-Sn-bmbns°m´p∂
ß-√q¿, Xr{]-bm¿, tImgn-t°mSv Xfn, sIm√w ]m≠n-s®-ºS (I-eis®-ºS)bn¬n∂p hyXy-kvX-
- - -
]njm-cn-Im-hv, sNdp-Ip∂v A∂-]q¿tW-iz-cn, Xe- ambn 4 Ime-Im-e-ß-fn-embn sNº-S-tafw sIm´m-
t»cn Xncp-h-ßmSv F∂o t£{X-ß-fnepw hSs° dp-≠v. 64 A£-c-Im-e-Øn¬ XpSßn 8 A£-c-Im-
ae-_m-dnse a‰p Nne t£{X-ß-fnepw am{X-amWv e- Ø neh- k m- n- ° pw- h n- [ - a m- W n- X v . Kpcp- h m- b q¿,
Cu taf-ßƒ, Ch-bpsS kºq¿Æ cq]-ß-fnes√- tImgn-t°mSv Xfn F∂o t£{X-ß-fn¬ Ct∏mƒ

32


D’-h-th-f-I-fn¬ sNºS kºq¿Æ-ambn Ah-X- H∂pw c≠pw JWvUßƒ, 8 A£-cIm-eØn-ep≈
- - -
cn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂p-≠v. kºq¿Æ-amb sNº-S-tafw Xmf-h-´-k-am]vXn ˛ F∂o-hn-[-amWv Xmf-hy-h-ÿ.
sImń-{]-N-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn¬ ap≥ssI-sb-Sp-ØXn¬ c≠v DcpfptIm¬°-emi-ßfpw a‰p-I-em-i-ßfpw
{]ap-J≥ s]cp-hw Ip´≥am-cm-cm-Wv. Ifw-]q-P, X°n-´, Ipg-adn-b¬ F∂o L´-ßfp-ap-≠v. 16 A£-
- -
X¿∏-Ww, Ieiw nd-bv°¬, Ie-im-`n-tjIw XpS- c- I m- e - Ø n- e p≈ Cu taf- Ø ns‚ aq∂mw- I m- e -
ßnb Ap-jvTm-I¿Ωthf-Ifn¬ sNº-SXm-fØn- Ønse Hcp Xmf-h´Øn¬ 8 A£-cIm-eßƒ hoX-
- - - - - - - -
emWv sN≠-hm-Z-w. Chsb "Ie-i-s®-ºS' F∂p- ap≈ 2 JWvU-ß-fm-Wv. Cu Ime-Ønse BZy
]-d-bm-dp-≠v. 16 A£-c-Im-e-Ønepw 8 A£-c-Im-e- aq∂p Iem-i-ßfpw Dcp-fp-tIm-em-bm-Wv. Xmgv∂-I-
Øn-ep-ambn c≠p Ime-ß-fn-em-bmWv Cu hmZ-w. emiw 16 A£-c-Im-e-Øn-em-Wv. sNº-S-bpsS
]m≠n-tafw XpS-ßp-∂-Xnp sXm´p-apºv an° -A- memw-Imew AXns‚ ASn-ÿm--Xm-f-amb 8
h-k-c-ß-fnepw Cu taf-ap-≠m-hm-dp-≠v. sNº-S- A£-c-Im-e-Øn-em-Wv. A©Sn Hcphn®v, HcSn (Xp-
sImń ip≤-am-°n- d-∂Sn) Hcpho®v,
b-ti-j-amWv F∂-a-ń-emWv
"Akp-ctaf'sa∂p
- memw Ime-
hnti- j - W - a p≈ Ønse Xmfw-]n-Sp-
]m≠n-tafw Øw, ]m≠n-s®-º-
sImt´-≠Xv F∂p S-bn-em-hs´ aq∂p
]d-bm-dp-≠v. Aa-°¬ Hcpho®v,
imt‡-b-ta-f- aq∂v Xpd- ∂ Sn
sa∂p Icp- X - s ∏- Hcpho®,v F∂
Sp∂ ]m≠n-tafw coXn-bn-emWv
imt‡- b - k m- ∂ n- Xmfw- ] n- S n- ° p- I .
[y-ap≈ ÿe-ß- kºq¿Æ sNºS
fn¬ ]m≠n-s®-º- taf-Ønse 4˛mw
S-bn-√msX Xs∂- Ime- Ø nse 6
Kpcphmbq¿ D’hw
sIm-´m-dp-≠v. A£-c-Im-ehpw 2
kºq¿Æ-amb sNº-Sta-fØn¬ Ime-an-Sp-∂Xnepw A£-c-Im-e-hp-am-bp≈ khn-ti-j-amb Xmfw-]n-
- - -
Xmfw-]n-Sn-°p-∂-Xnepw PXn-Iƒ sIm´p-∂-Xnepw SpØw BI¿j-I-am-Wv. I¿Wm-S-kw-Ko-X-Øn¬
]©m-cn-ta-f-k-{º-Zmbw Xs∂-bm-Wv. 64 A£-c- BZn-Xm-f-sa∂pw NXp-c-{i-Pm-Xn-{Xn-]p-S-Xm-f-sa∂pw
Im-e-Øn-ep≈ H∂mw Ime-Øn¬ 32 A£-c-Im-e- hnh-£n-°-s∏-Sp∂ sNº-S-tafw ]q¿W-am-bn-sIm-
Øn-ep≈ H∂mw JWvUhpw, 16 A£-c-Im-e-Øn- ´m≥ aq∂p-a-Wn-°q¿th-Ww. 1 1/2 aWn- ° q- d ns‚
ep≈ c≠mw JWvUhpw, 16 A£-c-Im-e-Øn-ep≈ H∂mw Imew, 25 ann-‰p-ho-X-ap≈ c≠pw aq∂pw
Xmf-h´ kam-]vXn-J-WvU-hp-am-Wv. Hcp Xmf-h´w Ime-ßƒ, 40 ann‰p hcp∂ memw, Imew F∂
me-£-c-Im-e-Øn-ep≈ A¿≤-sN-º-S-h-´-ambn hn[-amhmw kab hyh-ÿ.
apdn®v ASnbpw (A-a-°nbpw Xpd-∂pw) ho®p-am-
AS-¥-tafw
bmWv Xmfw ]nSn-°p-I. t¿tIm¬, X°n-´, Ipg-a-
dn-b¬ F∂o L´-ßƒ, Iem-i-ßƒ Ah-sb-Øp- 14 A£-c-Im-e-Øne[n-jvTn-X-amb JWvU-
S¿∂p-h-cp∂ sImºp-hm-Zw Ch-sb√mw sNºS PmXn AS-Xm-f-Øn-ep≈ (A-S-¥-Xm-fw) taf-amWv
H∂mw Ime-Øns‚ khn-ti-j-X-I-fm-Wv. sNºS AS-¥-ta-fw. c≠p- tIm-ep-I-fp-]-tbm-Kn®p sIm´m-
c≠mw Ime-Ønse Xmf-h-´-ßƒ°v bYm-{Iaw 16 dp≈ Cu tafw Ip´-s-√q¿ D’-h-tØm-S-p-_-‘n-
A£-cImew 8 A£-c-Imew F∂n-h-bn-ep≈ ®p≈ ]qcw ]pd- ∏ m- S nv t£{X- Ø n- - I Øp

33


ssIbpw tImep-am-bmWv Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m-dp-≈-Xv. aq∂p JWvU-ß-fm-bmWv sIm´pI. 7 A£-c-Im-e-
tXm¬∏-‰p≈ CSw-ssI-Iƒ sIm≠p≈ hmZ-- Øn-ep≈ memw Ime-Øn¬ Bcw-`n-°p-∂Xpw
Øns‚ khn-tijam[pcyw ]©m-cn-ta-f-Øn¬ khn-tij coXn-bn-em-Wv. aq∂mw Ime-Ønse
ns∂-∂-t]mse Cu thf-bn¬ t{imXm-°ƒ°v Xmgv∂ Iemiw Xo¿∂m-ep-S≥ AXp-hsc sImń-
Ap- ` - h - t h- Z y- a m- I p- ∂ p. 56 A£- c - I m- e - h-∂-Xns‚ Cc-ń-th-K-Øn¬ aq∂mw-Im-e-Ønp
Øn¬ØpSßn 7 A£-c-Im-e-Øn¬ kam-]n-°p∂ Xmfw-]n-Sn-°p∂ ań-emWv memw Imew Bcw-`n-
4 Ime-ß-fn-em-bp≈ AS-¥-ta-f-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm- °p-I. 7 A£-cIm-eØn¬ 28 ÿm-ßfn¬ H∂nS-
- - -
-Xmfw hcp-∂Xv AXns‚ aq∂mw-Im-e-Øn-emWv. hn´p t¿tIm-embn ASn-®p-sIm-´p-I-bm-Wn-hn-sS.
AS-¥-ta-fØns‚ BZy-L-´-Øn¬ sNº-S-h-´sØ Cu Ime-Øns‚ ]n∂o-Sp≈ L´-ß-fn¬ AS-¥-
ASn-ÿm--am-°n-bp≈ Xmf-L-S--bm-Wv. A©v bpsS Xn-s∏-´-a-ń-emWv Xmfw-]n-Sn-°¬. 2 1/2
A¿≤ sNº-S-h´w hoXw-h-cp∂ (20 A£-c-Imew A£-c-Im-e-Øn¬ Hcp bqn‰v, ]ns∂ 4 1/2 A£-
hoXw) H∂mw JWvUhpw c≠mw JWvUhpw, c-Im-eØn¬ as‰mcp bqn‰v, Cß-s-bmWv memw
-
XpS¿∂p hcp∂ 16 A£-c-Im-e-Øn-ep≈ Xmf-h´ Ime-Ønse 7 A£-c-Imew sImt´-≠-Xv. Ipg-a-
kam-]vXnbpw tN¿∂-XmWv Cu taf-Øns‚ H∂mw dn™ L´-Ønse Hmtcm bqn-‰n-tebpw BZy-ÿm-
Ime Xmf-h-´w. JWvUm-h-km bqn-‰p-I-fnepw Øv Aa-°nbpw a‰p-ÿm-ßfn¬ Xpd∂pw Xmfw
- -
(A¿≤ sNº-S-h´ bqn-‰p-Iƒ) Xmf-h´ kam-]vXn- ]nSn-°-Ww. AS¥ memw Ime-Øn¬ mtem
bnepw Xpd-∂-Sn-bmbn´mWv Xmfw ]nSn-°¬. H∂pw At©m Dcp-fp-tIm¬ Iem-ißfp-≠m-hpw. a‰p Iem-
- -
c≠pw JWvU-ß-fnse BZy-A¿≤-sN-º-S-h-´-ß- i-ßfpw Hcp Iemiw Ign-™m¬ XpS¿∂p-h-cp∂
fn¬ Aa°n (A-S-®v)bmWv Xmfw-]n-Sn-°¬. Ime- 4 Xmf-h-´-ß-fn¬ sImºq-X-Ww. Iem-i-ß-sf√mw
an- S ¬, t¿tIm¬, X°n- ´ , Ipg- a - d n- ® p- s Im- ´ ¬ 7 A£-c-Im-e-ß-fn-em-hpw. Xmf-h-´-Øns‚ Ah-
F∂nh H∂mw Ime-Ønse khn-ti-j-L-´-ß-fm- km-sØ ASn-bn¬ n∂m-cw-`n®v ASpØ Xmf-
Wv. t¿tIm¬ L´-Øn¬ At©m Btdm Iem- h-´-Øns‚ Ah-km--Øn¬ sImń-Øo-cm≥ ]mI-
i-ßfpw a‰p-L-´-ß-fn¬ mtem At©m Iem-i- Øn-emWv Iem-i-Øns‚ FÆ-ßƒ. Bdp Xmf-
ß-fp-amWv sIm´m-dp-≈-Xv. AS-¥-bpsS c≠mw h´w Ipºn´v i‡n-bmbn sImń Bdm-asØ Xmf-
Imew 28 A£-c-Im-e-Øn-em-Wv. Cu Ime-Ønse h-´m-h-km--Øn¬ n∂mWv Xocp-I-emiw XpS-ßp-
Hcp Xmf-h´Øn¬ 4 A£-cImew, 2 A£-cImew,
- - - - I. Hcp kºq¿Æ-amb AS-¥-tafw Ah-X-cn-∏n-
ho≠pw 4 A£- c - I mew F∂o 3 bqn- ‰ p- I ƒ °m≥ 3 aWn-°q¿ thWw. 1 1/2 aWn-°q¿ 1˛mw
(10 A£-c-Im-ew) hoX-a-S-ßnb 2 JWvU-ßfpw, Imew, 25 ann‰phoX-ap≈ 2,3 Ime-ßƒ, 40 ann-
8 A£-c-Im-e-Øn-ep≈ Xmf-h-´-]-cn-k-am-]vXn-bp-a- ‰p≈ 4˛mw Imew, F∂ohn[-amhmw ka-b-{I-aw.
S-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. ChnsS BZysØ 2 bqn-‰p-Iƒ
Nº-tafw:˛
Aa-°nbpw Ah-km-sØ bqn‰v Xpd-∂-Sn-bp-am-
Wv. Xmf-h-´-k-am-]vXnbpw Xpd-∂-Sn-bm-bmWv. Cu I¿Wm- S I kwKo- X - Ø nse Qw]- X mfw
Ime-Øn¬ BZy-c≠p-Iem-ißƒ Dcp-fp-tIm-em-bm-
- - - Xs∂-bmWv Nº-Xm-fw. "an{i-Pm-Xn-Qw]'Xmf-am-
Wv. Cu Iem-ißƒ°v CuSp-tIm-en-√. AS-¥bpsS
- - Wn-Xv. 4 Ime-ß-fn-embn sIm´m-dp≈ Cu tafw
ASn-ÿm--Xmfw 14 A£-c-Im-e-Øn-ep≈ aq∂mw Nne-t∏mƒ A©p-Im-e-ß-fn-embpw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m-
Ime-Øn-emWv hcp-∂-Xv. meSn Hcpho-®v, meSn dp-≠v. 80 A£-c-Im-e-Øn¬ XpSßn memw Ime-
Hcpho-®v, HcSn Hcpho-®v, HcSn Hcp ho®v (5+5+2+2) Øneh-km-n-°p∂ Nº-ta-f-Øn¬ 10 A£-c-Im-
F∂n-ß-s-bm-Wv ChnsS Xmf-hn-ymkw. aq∂mw- e-amWv Ah-kmw hcn-I. 5˛mw Ime-Øn-emWv
Im-e-Øn¬ aq∂v Dcp-fp-tIm¬ Iem-i-a-‰p-I-em-i-ß- Cu taf-Øns‚ ]cy-h-km--sa-¶n¬ 5 A£-c-Im-
fp-ap-≠v. Ipg-a-dn-™-Im-e-Ønse 10-˛mw Iemiw e-amWv Ah-kmw ASn-ÿm--Xm-f-ambn hcp-∂-
Xmgv∂ Iem-i-am-Wv. CXv khn-ti-j-co-Xn-bn¬ Xv. Nº-ta-f-Øns‚ BZy aq∂p-Im-e-ß-fn¬ sNº-

34


tafw sIm´p- t ºmƒ
memw Ime- Ø n¬ 4
ASn 1 ho®v, 2 ASn 1
ho®v , 1 ASn 1 ho®v
(4+1+2+1+1+1 = 10) F∂n-
ß-s-bmWv Xmfw-]n-Sn-
°¬. Cu tafw 5 Ime-
ß- f n- e mbn sIm´p-
tºmƒ 5 A£-c-Imew
4 ASn 1 ho®v F∂ coXn-
bn- e mhpw Xmfw- ] n- S n-
°¬. ChnsS ASn- I -
sf√mw Xpd-∂Sn-Ifm-Wv.
- -
5˛mw Ime-Øn¬ BZy-
I-em-i-ßƒ 5˛Dw Dcp-fp-
tIm-em-bn-´mWv hmZ-w.
Bdp Xmf-h´w Ipºn´p
S-a-ń-ep≈ Xmf-hn-ym-k-am-Wv. L´-ßfpw Iem-i- n∂v i‡n-bn¬ ASn-®p-sIm-ń-s°m-≠mWv Xocp-
ßfpw sImºqXp∂ k{º-Zm-bhpw Ipg¬hm-Zhpw - I-em-iw. ]q¿W-am-sbmcp Nº-tafw 4 Ime-ß-fn-
]©m-cn-ta-f-Øn-te-Xp-t]m-se-bm-Wv. H∂mw Ime- em-sW-¶n¬ 3 aWn-°qdpw, 5 Ime-ß-fn-em-sW-¶n¬
Ønse Hcp Xmf-h-´-Øn¬ 32 A£-c-Im-e-Øn- 3 1/2 aWn- ° qdpw ka- b - s a- S p- ° pw. s]cp- h w
ep≈ H∂mw JWvUw, 16 A£-c-Im-e-ßƒho-X- Ip´≥am-cm¿ Kpcp-hm-bq-cnepw tImgn-t°mSv Xfn-t£-
ap≈ c≠pw aq∂pw JWvU-ßƒ, 16 A£-c-Im-e- {X- Ø nepw Nº- t afw A©p Ime- ß - f n- e mbn
Øn-ep≈ Xmf-h-´-k-am]vXn F∂n-h-bm-Wp-≈-Xv. sIm´m-dp-≠v.
40 A£-c-Im-e-Øn-ep≈ c≠mw Ime-Ønse Xmf-
A©-S-¥-tafw :˛
h- ´ - L - S 16 A£- c - I m- e - Ø n- e p≈ H∂mw
JWvUw, 8 A£-c-Imew hoX-ap≈ c≠pw aq∂pw sNº-S-Xm-f-Øns‚ Xs∂ Hcp khn-tij
JWvU-ßƒ, 8 A£-c-Imew hcp-∂ Xmfh´- coXn-bn-ep≈ Bhn-jv°m-c-amWv A©-S¥ taf-
k-am]vXn F∂n-h- tN¿∂Xm-Wv Nº-bpsS aq∂mw- Ønep≈-Xv. sNº-S-Xmfw CXn¬ AS-¥-a-ń¬ ]nSn-
Im-e-Øns‚ 20 A£-c-Im-e-Xm-f-h-´-Øn¬ 8 A£- °p-I-bmWv sNøp-∂-sX∂p ]d-bm-dp-≠v. A©Sn
c-Im-e-Øn-ep≈ H∂mw JWvUhpw, 4 A£-c-Im- Hcpho®v A©Sn Hcp ho®v, HcSn Hcp ho®v, HcSn
e-Øn-ep≈ c≠mw JWvUhpw, 8 A£-c-Im-e-Øn- Hcp ho®v (5+1+5+1+1+1+1+1 = 16) F∂ hn[-amWv
ep≈ Xmf-h´ kam-]vXn-Iq-Sn-bmb aq∂mw JWvU- Cu taf-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm--Xm-fw. 64 A£-c-Im-e-
hp-amWv AS-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Nº-bpsS 10 A£- Øn¬ Bcw-`n-°p∂ 4 Ime-ß-fn-em-bp≈ Cu taf-
c-Im-e-Øn-ep≈ 4˛mw Ime-Ønse Hcp Xmf-h´w Øns‚ 3˛mw Ime-Øn-em-Wv Cu ASn-ÿm Xmfw-
me-£c Ime-Øn-ep≈ H∂mw JWvUhpw, c≠v h-cp-∂-Xv. H∂pw c≠pw Ime-ß-fnse Xmf-hy-hÿ
A£-c-Im-e-Øn-ep≈ c≠mw JWvUhpw, mev sNº-S-co-Xn-bn-em-sW-¶nepw, hnhn[ JWvU-ß-
A£- c - I m- e - Ø n¬Øs∂bp≈ aq∂m- a sØ fpsS LS sNº-S-bn¬ n∂p hyXym-k-s∏-´m-
JWvUhpw tN¿∂-XmWv. Nº-bpsS 2,3,4 Ime-ß- Wv. Cu taf-Øns‚ aq∂pw-mepw Ime-ßfn¬ AS-
-
fn¬ bYm-{Iaw c≠pw aq∂pw mepw Dcp-fp-tIm¬°- ¥-ta-f-Øn¬ Xmfw-]n-Sn-°p-∂-Xnp kZr-i-amw-
em-i-ß-fm-Wp-≈-Xv. mep-Im-e-ß-fn-embn Nº- hn[amWv Xmf-hn-ym-kw. A©-S¥ taf-Øns‚

35


H∂mw Ime-Ønse Xmf-h´ hyh-ÿ-bnse H∂pw Wv. mev Dcpfp tIm¬°-em-i-ßfpw a‰p-I-em-i-
c≠pw JWvU-ßƒ 3 apgp-s®-ºSh´ bqn-‰p-Iƒ ß-fp-ap-≠n-hn-sS. mep Xmf-h´w Ipºn´p L-
(24 A£c-Imew hoXw) Dƒs°m-≈p-∂-Xm-Wv. Øn¬ sImń-bn-´mWv Xocp-I-em-iw. A©-S-¥-tafw
XpS¿∂v 16 A£- c - I m- e - Ø n- e p≈ Xmf- h ´ AXns‚ kºq¿Æ-X-tbmsS sIm´m≥ 3 aWn-°q-
kam]vXn F∂n-hbpw Dƒs°m-≈p-∂p. CXn¬ sd-¶nepw thWw.
BZysØ 2 1/2 sNº-S-h´w (20 A£-c-Im-ew) {[phw-tafw
AS®pw, Ah-km-sØ 1/2 sNº-S-h´w Xpd∂pw
14 A£-c-Imew ASn-ÿm--am-bp≈ {[phw
Xmfw-]n-Sn-°p-∂p. Ime-an-S¬, t¿tIm¬ X°n-´,
tafw (N-Xp-c-{i-PmXn{[ph-Xm-fw) aq∂p Ime-ß-fn-
Ipg-a-dn-b¬ F∂o L´-ßfpw Cu taf-Øn-ep-≠v.
em- b m- W v . A£- c - I m- e - ° - W - ° n¬ AS- ¥ - t a- f -
A©- S - ¥ - b psS c≠mw Ime- Ø n¬ 1 1/2
Ønse BZy-aq∂p Ime-ß-fnteXp-t]msebmWv
sNºSh´w (12 A£-c-Im-ew) hoX-ap≈ 2 JWvU-
{[phw taf-Ønse BZy-aq∂p Ime-ßfpw. F∂m¬
ßƒ, 8 A£-c-Im-e-Øn-ep≈ Xmf-h´ kam]vXn
PXn-Iƒ sIm´p-∂-Xnepw, Xmfw ]nSn-°p-∂-Xnepw,
JWvUw F∂n-h-bp-≠v. H∂pw c≠pw JWvU-ß- c≠p taf-ßfpw hyXy-kvX-X-Iƒ ]pe¿Øp-∂p.
fpsS Ah-km bqn-‰p-I-fnepw (4 A£-c-Imew {[phw taf-Øns‚ ]Xn-Imew 56 A£-c-Im-e-Øn-
hoX-ap-≈-Xv), Xmf-h-´-k-am-]vXn-bnepw, Xpd-∂-Sn-I- em-Wv. 4 A£-c-Imew hoX-ap≈ 6 bqn-‰p-Iƒ (24
fm-Wv. c≠v Dcp-fp-tIm¬°-em-i-ß-fmWv c≠mw A£- c - I mew ˛ aq∂p sNº- S - h - ´ w) AS- ß nb
Ime-Øn¬. A©-S-¥-bpsS ASn-ÿm--Xmfw (16 H∂mw JWvUw, me-£-c-Im-e-Øn-ep≈ 4 bqn-
A£-c-Im-ew) hcp∂ aq∂mw-Im-e-Øn¬ AS¥ ‰p-Iƒ (c≠p sNº-S-h-´w) hcp∂ c≠mw JWvUw,
coXn- b n- e m- W v Xmfw ]nSn- ° ¬. H∂pw c≠pw 16 A£-c-Im-e-Øn-ep≈ Xmf-h´ kam]vXn, F∂n-
JWvU-ßƒ 6 A£-c-Im-e-Øn¬ Hcp ho®v, mev h-b-S-ßn-b-XmWv Cu Ime-Øns‚ Hcp Xmf-h-´w.
Aa-°¬, Hcp Xpd-∂Sn F∂o hn[-am-Wv. aq∂mw Ime-an-S¬, t¿tIm¬, X°n-´, Ipg-a-dn-b¬ Ch-
Ime-Øn¬ aq∂p Dcp-fp-tIm¬°-em-ißfm-Wv. Ipg-
- - sb-√m-ap-≠n-hnsS. 28 A£-c-Im-e-Øn-ep≈ {[ph-
a-dn™ Ime-Ønse Ah-km Iemiw 16 A£c Øns‚ c≠mw Ime-Ønse Hcp Xmf-h-´-Øn¬ 4
Ime-Øn-em-Wv (Xm-gv∂Iem-iw). A©-S¥ memw
- - A£-c-Im-ew-ho-X-ap≈ aq∂p bqn-‰p-Iƒ (1 1/2
Imew (8 A£- c - I m- e w) XpS- ß p- ∂ - X v AS¥ sNº-S-h-´w) AS-ßnb H∂mw JWvU-am-Wv. c≠pw
memw Imew Bcw-`n-°pw-hn-[-am-Wv. aq∂mw Ime- aq∂pw JWvU-ß-fm-hs´, me-£-c-Imew hoX-
Øn¬ AtX-hsc sImń-h-∂-Xns‚ Cc-ń-th-K- ap≈ c≠v bqn-‰p-Iƒ AS-ßn-bXpw (Hcp sNº-S-
Øn¬ Xmfw-]n-Sn-®p-sIm-´p∂ coXn-bm-WXv. 8 A£-
- h-´w) aq∂mw JWvUw 8 A£-cIm-eØn-ep≈ Xmf-
- -
c-Im-e-Øn¬ 32 ÿm-ß-fn¬ H∂nS-hn´p ASn- h´ kam-]vXn-bp-am-Wv. H∂pw c≠pw JWvU-ß-
hogpw hn[-amWo hmZ-w. BZy Xmf-h´Øn¬ am{X-
- - fnse Ah-km bqn-‰p-I-fnepw, aq∂mw JWvUw
amWv CucoXnbn-ep≈ hmZ-w. XpS¿∂v aq∂v DS-o-fhpw Xpd∂p Xmfw-]n-Sn-°-em-Wv. c≠p Dcpfp
A£-c-Im-e-Øn¬ Hcp JWvUw, A©v A£-c- tIm¬°- e m- i - ß - f p- ≠ o- I m- e - Ø n¬. Xmgv ∂
Im-e-Øn¬ ASpØ JWvUw, F∂ Xmf-hy-h-ÿ- Iemiw 16 A£c Ime-Øn¬Ø-s∂-bm-Wv. {[phw
bn-emWv sIm´p-h-cp-∂-Xv. Bcw-`-L-´-Øn¬ Hmtcm taf-Øns‚ Ah-km--Imew (aq∂mw Imew) 14
JWvU-Øn-tebpw BZysØ ASn Aa-°nbpw A£c Ime- Ø n- e m- W v . aq∂mw Ime- Ø ns‚
_m°n-sb√mw Xpd-∂-Sn-®p-amWv sIm´¬. Ipg-a-dn- Bcw`w khn-ti-j-amb coXn-bn-em-Wv. Ime-an-Sp∂
™p≈ Xmfw ]nSn-°¬ Xpd-∂-Sn-bm-bm-Wv. Iem- coXn-bn¬ "UnwW-UnwW' F∂v H∂nS-hn-´-ÿm--
i-sØ-Øp-S¿∂v CS-bvs°mcp Xmf-h´w AS®pw ß- f n¬ ASn®p sImń- s °m- ≠ mWv Cu Ime-
Xpd-∂p-ambn Xmfw ]nSn-°p-∂Xv A©-S¥ memw Øns‚ BZy-Xm-f-h-´m-h-X-c-Ww. 6 A£-c-Im-e-Øn-
Ime-Øns‚ Xna FSp-Øp-Im-´m≥ klm-b-I-am- ep≈ H∂mw JWvUw, 4 A£-c-Ime hoX-ap≈

36


c≠pw aq∂pw JWvUßƒ, F∂n-ßs-bmWv Xmf-
- - Ap-]m-Xam-hmw. {]Nm-cep-]vXßfmb taf-ßfn¬
- - - - -
h-´LS. H∂mw JWvUw 5 ASn 1 ho®v, c≠mw
- - - ASpØ Ime-Ømbn {]Nmcw IqSn-hcp∂ H∂mWv
-
JWvUw aq∂v Aa-°¬ Hcp ho®v, aq∂mw JWvUw {[phw.
aq∂p Xpd-∂Sn Hcp ho®v F∂o- hn-[Øn-emWv Xmfw
- ]©mcntaf-Øns‚ am[p-cytam, ]m≠n taf-
]nSn-°¬. Cu Ime-Øn¬ 3 Dcp-fp-tIm¬°-em-i- Øns‚ Kmw`o- c ytam, Cu A]q¿∆ taf-
ßfpw, 6 CS-°em-ißfpw, Ipg-adn™ L´-Øn¬
- - - ßƒs°m∂pw, Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sm-m-hn-s√-¶nepw,
]{¥-t≠mfw Iem-ißfpw FSp-°m-dp≠v. ChnsS
- hmZsshhn-[y-Øn¬ n∂p -e-`n-°p∂ {ihW
Dcp-fp-tIm¬°-em-ißƒ°v CuSp-tIm-en-√. F√m
- am[p-cyhpw A]q¿hm-p-`q-Xnbpw {]Zmw sNøm≥
Iem-i-ßfpw 8 A£-c-Im-e-Øn-em-Wv. Ipg-a-dn- Cu taf-ßƒ°p km[n-°pw. AXn-m¬ Cu taf-
™m¬ Xpd-∂Sn®p Xmfw-]n-Sn-°Ww. XnI™ Hcp
- - ßƒ°v hwi-miw h∂p-t]m-hmsX kwc-£n-
{[phw-tafw 2˛Hm 2 1/4 aWn-°qtdm ka-bsa-Sp-°pw. °mpw Ah-bpsS {]Nmcw h¿≤n-∏n-°p-hmpw,
50 ann-‰p-hcp∂ ]Xn-Imew, 30 ann-‰n-ep≈ c≠mw-
- hmZ-Icpw {]am-W-°mcpw Iem-`n-⁄cpw Bthmfw
Imew, 40 ann-t‰mfw hcp∂ aq∂mw-Imew F∂ ]cn-{i-an-t°≠XmWv.

sI.-hn. cmP-tKm-]m-e≥InSmhv :˛ hmZy-ta-f-I-e-I-fpsS ncq-]-I≥. nc-h[n ]pkvX-I-ßfpw,
teJ--ßfpw {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®n-´p-≠v. tImgn-t°mSv Kh. B¿Svkv tImtfPnse Cw•ojv hn`m-K-Øn¬ A[ym-
]-I-m-bn-cp-∂p.

mqbªcXiä oeãkav MjCcÖh¥!
ImWn°bnS¬ {][mw
SnâebqóbgX ckjbfäTgofbmX ceùlceCx lecjXkgä~j ùMrOqîMem£ebfsv
jeùlfãfw aìùlèfvg hgJaèsTBgÿgúfTgÿlx. DnRejYtóflveã ipbr-
jszÜ cgkäfw beoõaIeó~ägsë Dkêëfaãesë SBgÿgúgÿ Yibevx keCf-
Tãqh¥fTgÿlx GÑfóxë kejõmeíõèfvx Gèccsùl. SBgÿúfh¥x aìùlèfv-
kèx ùhabMfTgaêeW Y©pv~WTx keCfTãqh¥fTgbevgú mdkjõX Gçe-
ãfjfTgÿleCx. mqbªenRejYtóflveãf SBgÿúgÿ Yibesv kQkgäfqsT
oqMfòª x keCfTãqh¥ f òª x mdYeiõX avëgbez Y©pv~WTx bqóèfsnejg
ùhebMõX ceùlX kfögÿ DbmjceCflx.

ckjbfäTx ofbmX ùMrOqîMem£ebfvx
vfabofòª Dh¥X, DjbC, iChlfTx vfabofòª aceokX
Sÿfb kdçJfw vfÿgX nYfTgÿleCx.

37


taf-Øns‚ q‰m-≠p-Iƒ
v sI.-kn. mcm-b-W≥ v
i_vZØns‚ Ncn{Xw Fgp-Xm≥ Ign-bptam ®p-h-Sp-IfpwsIm≠p- n-d™pIhn-bp∂hbmWv
ap°v? At±-l-Øns‚ IrXn-Iƒ. sIm´mpw ]mSmpw
Ign- t ™- ° pw. B i_v Z w tcJ- I - f mbn Xp≈mpw ]‰nb ]e FÆ-ßfpw At±lw kpe-
kq£n-®Xv ΩpsS ap∂nep-s≠-¶n¬. `-ambn hmcn-hn-X-dn-bn-´p-≠v. AXns‚ Iq´-Øn¬
"]m≠n-ta-f-ap-cp´p sN≠' F∂v taf-ß-sf-∏-‰nbpw
F∂m¬ i_vZ-ßsf Aßs Bte-Jw
kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xp-Im-Wmw. 1750 ImeØv Aº-e-∏p-
sNbvXp kq£n-°p∂ kmt¶-Xn-I-hn-Zy Ccp-]Xmw
g-bnepw Xncp-h--¥-]p-c-Øp-ambn Pohn® H‰∏m-
q‰m-≠n-p-apºv tIc-f-Øn¬ ssIh∂p Ign-™n-
eØpImc-m-bn-cp∂p Ip©≥ ºym¿. ºym-cpsS
cp-∂n-√. AXn-m¬ Ccp-]Xmw q‰m-≠n-p-ap-ºv tIc-
Cu ]cm-a¿iw FXn-cn-√mØhn[w ÿm]n-°p-∂Xv
f-Øn¬ ]mSn-t∏m∂ ]m´p-I-fp-sStbm, sImńb
]Xn-s´mw iX-Iam-hp-tºm-tg°pw taf-Ie, {]tXy-
- -
FÆ-ß-fp-sS-tbm, kzcq]w n›-bn-°phmp≈
In®p ]m≠n-tafw, tIc-f-Øn¬ hf¿®-ap‰n {]Nm-
Hcp hgnbpw ΩpsS ap∂n¬
c-am¿÷n-®p-I-gn-™n-cp∂p F∂m-Wv.
Ah-ti-jn-®n-ń-√.
taf-sØ-∏‰n am{X-a√ ºym¿ ]d-bp-∂-Xv.
At∏mƒ AXnpw
"Dcp-´p-sN≠' F∂-hm-°n-eqsS, AXp-sIm-´p∂ khn-
Hcp c≠p q‰m- s ≠-
ti-j-amb coXnsb°pdn-®p-Iq-Sn-bmWv. tafw tIc-
¶nepw apºv cq]w
f-Øn¬ am{Xw ImWp∂ hmZy-Iem-cq-]am-sW-¶n¬,
- -
sIm≠ sN≠-ta-f-
"Dcp-ń-s°m-´pI' F∂ coXn tIc-f-Øn¬ am{Xw
ß-fpsS Ncn{Xw
ImWp∂ hmZ--coXnbp-am-Wv. {UΩnwKv a‰p mSp-
Fß-s-bm-Wv,
I-fnepw D≠v. B{^n-°-bn¬ {UΩnw-Knse Hmtcm
GXp tcJ- I -
i_v Z hpw `mj- b nse Hmtcm hm°p- t ]mse
sf Ah-ew-_n-
{]h¿Øn®v Fßs Bi-b- hn-n-a-b-Øn-p≈
®mWv ap°v
Hcp kt¶-X-ambnØocp∂p F∂-dn-bm≥ AeIvkv
cNn-°m-m-hp-I?
slbven Fgp-Xnb "Roots' F∂ tmh-ens‚ BZy-
Hcph- g n Xmf- ß - `mKw hmbn-®m¬ am{Xw -a-Xn. F∂m¬ Ahn-S-ß-
sfbpw, hmZy-ß-sf-bpw, hmZ--co-Xn-sbbpw Ipdn®v fn-se√mw {UΩnw-Kn¬ hmZy-ß-fpsS N¿Ω-X-e-
Bsc-¶nepw FgpXnsh®n-´pt≠m F∂p-]-cn-tim- Ønp ew_-am-bn-´mWv tIm¬ hogp-∂-Xv. tIc-f-
[n-°p-I-bm-Wv. Xß-fpsS ImesØ hmZy-I-e-sb- Ønse {UΩnw- K n¬ am{X- a mWv ew_- a mb
°p-dn®v GsX-¶nepw Ihn ]cm-a¿in-°p-Itbm hnh- t¿tImen-p-]p-dsa tIm¬ AI-tØ°pw ]pd-
cn-°p-Itbm sNbvXn-´p-s≠-¶n¬ Ahsb ap°v tØ°pw adn-bp∂ "Dcp-fp-tIm¬'IqSn D≈-Xv. tIc-
hmZy-I-e-bpsS Ncn{Xw cNn-°m-p≈ D]m-Z--ambn f-Ønse hmZ--I-e-bpsS G‰hpw henb khn-ti-
kzoI-cn-°mw. jX sN≠-bnse Cu Dcp-fp-tIm¬ BsW∂p ]d-
Aßs Bsc-¶nepw Dt≠m? Atz-jn-®- bmw. Dcp-ń-s°m-´mpw Xmfw-]n-Sn-°mpap≈ Dcp-
tz-jn®p mw H∂p c≠p q‰m-≠p- ]n-t∂m´p sN√p- ´p-sN-≠-bp-sSbpw ho°≥ sN≠-bp-sSbpw i_vZ-
tºmƒ sN∂p n¬°pI Ip©≥ ºym-cn-em-Wv. ta-f--amWv taf-I-e-bpsS Poh≥. Ip©≥ºym-
Xmf-ßfpw, hmZy-ß-fpw, hmbvØm-cn-Ifpw rØ- cpsS hcn-bn¬ ImWp∂ Dcp-´p-sN≠ taf-Øns‚

38


Poh-m-Wv. ∂n-s‚bpw AI-º-Sn-b√ Hcp taf-Ønse sIm´v.
]©mcntaf-sØ-∏‰n CØcw enJnX kqN- AXv kzbw kqN-Ihpw, kzbw ]q¿Æ-hp-amb
-Iƒ H∂pw C-√. F∂m¬ s]cp-hw {Kma-Øp- sIm´p-am-{X-am-Wv. a‰n-S-ß-fn¬ kwKo-X-Ønv D]-
Im-cmWv AXns Nn´-s∏-SpØn kzcq-]n-®-Xv F∂ tbm-Kn-°p∂ Ipg¬t]mepw taf-Øns‚ sImńs‚
sFXnlyw sX°≥ ae-_m-dn¬ [mcm-f-ambn tIń- i_vZ-Ønv angnhpw apgp∏pw D≠m-°mmWv Dt±-
´p-≠v. Nºq-Im- in- ° - s ∏- ´ n- ´ p- ≈ - X v . arZwKw Xan- g v m- ´ n- e p≠v ,
c-mb ag-aw-K- F∂m¬ A≥]tXm Adp-]tXm arZw-K-ßƒ am{Xw
eØp ºq- Iqń-t®¿Øp-sIm-≠v, Xpd- m-b]dºn¬ Hcp henb
- - -
Xncn s]cp- tafw Xan-gvm-ń¬ k¶¬∏n-°-s∏-ń-ń-√. tIc-f-
h- Ø p- I m- c - Øn¬ Aß-s-sbm∂v k¶¬∏n-®Xpw bmYm¿Yy-
mbncps∂∂pw, am-°n-b-Xp-amWv taf-ßƒ.
A t ± - l - mtem At©m q‰m-≠p-I-fn-eqsS Cß-s-
Øns‚ Ime- sbmcp khn-tij hmZy-Ie tIc-f-Øn¬ am{Xw
ØmWv ]©m- hf¿∂p-h-cm≥ D≠mb ImcWw F¥m-bn-cn°mw?
cn- t a- f - Ø nv Hcp ImcWw Fn°p tXm∂p-∂p, sIm´m≥ Ht∂m
XpS°w Ipdn-®-sX∂pw ]d-™p-tI-ń-´p-≠v. sFXn- ct≠m PmXnIƒXs∂ ChnsS D≠mbnsb∂Xm-
ly-ß-fn¬ ]mXn-bn-tesd Ahy-‡Xbpw, Ipd-®p- Wv. amcmcpw s]mXp-hmfpw sIm´p-IpesØmgn-em-
`mKw AXn-i-tbm-‡nbpw sNdn-sbm-cp-`mKw tcpw °nbhcm-W-t√m?. PmXoIcWw sIm≠p-≠mb
D≠m-bn-cn-°pw. ]Xn-mtdm ]Xn-ttgm iX-I-ß- Hcp êw kz¥w sXmgn-en¬ am{Xw {i≤n®pw,
fn¬ Pohn® Ihn-bm-bn-cp∂p agawK-ew. F¶n¬ AXnse ssh`hw ASpØ Xe-ap-dbv°p ]I¿∂pw
B Ime-tØm-Sp-IqSn ]©mcntafhpw tIc-f-Øn¬ Hcp sXmgn¬ ]mc-ºcyw XpS¿∂p F∂-Xm-Wv.
cq]w-sIm≠p F∂p-I-cp-Xmw. sIm´p∂ c≠p- Ip-e-ßƒ ne-n¬°p-Ibpw, Ah-
Ip©≥ºym¿ tI´ ]m≠n-ta-fhpw ag-aw- cpsS D]- P o- h w
KewtI´ ]©m-cn-ta-fhpw C∂sØ ]m≠nbpw a‰p-hn-[-Øn¬
]©m-cnbpw Bbn-cp-∂pthm? n›-b-an-√. Hcp kwc- £ n- ° - s ∏- S p-
]t£ C∂sØ taf-ß-fpsS BZy-cq-]-ßƒ Bbn- Ibpw sNbvX-
cn-°pw Ah. q‰m-≠p-I-fn-eqsS hf¿∂v, IqSpX¬ t∏mƒ, sIms´m-
IqSp- X ¬ "tkm^n- Ã n- t °- j ≥' B¿÷n®v gn®p as‰m-∂n-s-∏-
C∂sØ cq]-Øn-se-Øn-b-h-bmWv B taf-ß-sf- ‰nbpw Nn¥n-
√mw. C∂v taf-ß-fpsS FÆw h¿≤n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. t°≠Xn√mØ
G‰hpw ]pXn-bXpw rØ-sØbpw sImń-sbpw Ah¿, B Iesb
ka-z-bn-∏n-°p-∂-Xp-amb in¶m-cn-tafw hsc FØn- apt∂m´p sIm≠p-
n¬°p∂p B taf-ssh-hn-[yw. t]m-bn.
tIc- f - Ø n¬ am{X- a p- ≈ Xv F∂v Cu c≠m-asØ Imc-Ww, B sIm´p-Im¿ Xß-
tafsshhn-[y-sØ-∏‰n ]d-bmw. C¥y-bntem, a‰n- fpsS Ip-e-hrØn ]cn-io-e--Øn-S-bn¬ D≠m-°nb
S-ßfn-tem, hmZy-ßƒ am{Xw nc-Øn-s°m-≠v, ]mń-
- Hcp kmt¶-XnI apt∂‰amWv. tcsØ ]d™
√m-sX, aqt∂m mtem aWn-°q¿ o≠p-n¬°p∂ "Dcp-fpssI' BW-Xv. t¿tIm-ens‚ Ie-bn¬
Hcp sIm´p-I-t®-cnmw tIƒ°p-I-bn-√. sIm´p-X- n∂v F{Xtbm henb apt∂m-´p-t]m-°mbn "Dcp-
s∂bpw a‰n- S - ß - f n¬ ]mń- s ‚tbm rØ- Ø n- fpssI'? Dcp-fpssI Is≠-Øn-bn-√m-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬
s‚tbm Ap-_-‘-ßƒ BWv. F∂m¬ bmsXm- C∂p mw tIƒ°p∂ tIfntbm Xmb-º-I-tbm,

39


IY- I - f n- s °m- s∏-´p-t]m∂ taf-Iesb sh√p-hn-fn-®p-sIm≠v Zen-
-
t´m, taf- ß - Xcpw kz¥w Iesb apt∂m-´p-sIm-≠p-h∂n-cn-°p-
-
fnse apdp-Inb ∂p. ]pcp-js‚ Ie-sb∂p Icp-Xs∏-Sp∂ taf-ßƒ
-
Ime-ßtfm kv{XoIfpw sImń-Øp-Sßn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.
-
D≠m-Ip-am-bn-cp- kv{XoIƒ am{Xw ]¶m-fn-I-fmb ˛ AXn-te-
∂n-√. sdbpw ZenXv kv{XoIƒ ˛ Hcp in¶mcn taf kwL-
Aßs ap-≠v tIm´-b-Øv. ¢mkn-°¬ taf-I-e-bpsS `mK-
sIm´p-hm≥ am-bn-cp∂ kh¿W-X, ]pcp-j≥ F∂n-h-sb√mw
Cu PmXnbpw, t`Zn- ° p∂ Cu ZenXv kv { Xotaf kwLsØ
Ah¿ sImń¬ hcp-Ønb Hcp kmt¶-XnI apt∂- °pdn®v ]Tn- ° m≥ Ata- c n- ° - b nse tacn- e m‚ v
‰hpw ˛ a‰p hm°p-Ifn¬ ]d-™m¬ ùXnI kml-
- k¿∆-I-em-im-e-bn¬ n∂v Hcp Kth-jI FØn-
N-cyhpw ap-jys‚ k¿Km-flIXbpw ˛ tIc-fØn¬
- - - bn-cp-∂p. Ah¿ h∂p Hcp sIm√w Xma-kn®p sIm´p-
Hcp {]tXyI Ncn{X kµ¿`Øn¬ Hcpan®ph∂p ]-Tn-®p. Cu kwL-tØm-sSm∏w sImń--S∂ IΩyq-
F∂Xm-Wv a‰n-Sßfn¬ C√m-Øhn[w tIc-fØn¬
- - - - Wn-Ãp-Im-cpsS Hcp tLmj-bm-{X-bpsS `mK-am-bp-
hmZy-Ie hnI-kn-®Xns‚ ]›m-Øew.
- - ≠m-bn-cp∂ in¶m-cn-ta-f-Øn¬ I≠Xv, B Ata-
C∂sØ tIc-f-Øn¬ PmXo-I-c-W-Øns‚ cn-°≥ kv{Xobpw a‰p kv{Xota-f-°m-tcm-sSm∏w
Cu ]›m-Øew A{]-Xy-£-am-hm≥ XpS-ßn-bn-´p- sImń-ØpSßp-∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂p.
≠v. sIm´p∂hcpsS Ipe-Øn¬ ]nd-t°≠Xn-√ tm°p-I; IΩyq-Wn-kw, Ata-cn-°, tIcfw
Cs∂m-cmƒ°v sIm´p-Im-c-m-hm≥ F∂v kZw ]pcp-j≥, kh¿W-X, kv{Xo, Zen-Xv-˛-Hm¿°m-hp∂
hmkp-tZ-hpw Iem-a-WvUew tIi-hpw sXfn- F√m hn]-co-X-ß-fpw -IqSn°e-cp∂ Hcp kµ¿`w.
bn-°p-∂p-≠.v am[-hhm-cn-bcpw, sh¶n-®≥ kzmanbpw,
- Ip©≥ºym-cpsS Xp≈-en¬ I≠ taf- B Ie
Nme-°pSn ºo-ipw AXp-t-csØ sXfn-bn-®n- ChnsS SptdmUnse kv{XoØp-≈-en¬ hsc
´p-≠v. "Db¿∂ PmXn-°m-cptS'Xmbn k¶¬∏n-°- FØn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

sI.-kn. mcm-b-W≥ :˛ taf-I-e-sb-°p-dn®v kmam-y-P--ßƒ°v a- n-em-hp∂ coXn-bn¬ hnhcWw sNøm≥ {]K-¤≥
aem-bf atm-ca `mjm-t]m-jn-Wn-bpsS ]{Xm-[n-]¿.

lecjXkgä~j aìùl hgvjgíejC
ùhbqèv~äfw mqbªeÎve mukjfTgk

t£{X ho-I-cW b⁄ ]¶m-fnØ ê-{ipXn
t£{X n¿ΩmW {]h¿Ø--ß-fn¬ [-k-a¿∏Ww S-Øn-bm¬
Ign™ Ggv P∑-ß-fn-tebpw hcp∂ Ggp-P-∑-ß-fn-tebpw ]m]w C√m-
Xm-Ip-sa∂v sshjvWh kwln-X-Iƒ ]d-bp-∂p.

40


sN≠-ta-fßƒ
-
v Xr°m-ºpdw IrjvW≥Ipń amcm¿ v
sN≠-ta-fßfn¬ kmXzn-Ihpw cmP-khp-amb
- - - Øn--p-kr-X-ambn tafw Iem-in-°p-∂Xv t{imXm-
kz`mhw {ihn-°p-hm≥ km[n-°pw. Iøpw tImep- °-fn¬ Hcp Iem-iw-IqSn BIm-am-bn-cp-s∂∂p
ambn sIm´p∂ taf- ß ƒ kmXzn- I - h pw, c≠p tXm∂n-bv°p∂ L´-Øn-em-h-Ww. A√msX {Iam-
Iønepw tImep-sIm≠p sIm´p∂ taf-ßƒ cmP- Xo-X-ambn apdp-Ip-∂Xv taf-Øn-s‚bpw ]©-hm-Zy-
k-hp-ambn thWw IW-°m-°m≥. taf-ßƒ aq∂p Øn-s‚bpw Xmb-º-I-bp-sSbpw Bkzm-Zy-Xbv°pw
]mf-ßfn¬°qSn HmSp∂ h≠n-IfmWv. Xmfw, Ime-
- - Na-XvIm-c-Ønpw £Xw X´p-sa-∂Xpw {]tXyIw
{]-amWw, Ime-n¿Wbw Ch-bs{X B {Xn-X-bw. {i≤n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. km[m-cW nebv°v ssk≤m-
Hcp tafw F{X-k- ¥n- I - a mbn ]d-
a-bw-sIm≠v Ign- ™m¬ ]©mcn
bpw, Ign- b Ww amXr- I - b n- e p≈
F∂v taf- { ]- a m- taf-ß-fpsS
Wn°v t_m[- a p- Hmtcm Imehpw
≠ m - h - W w . XpS- ß nb Ime-
Aßns Hcp Øns‚ Cc- ´ n-
[mc-Wtbm-Sp-IqSn
- tbmfw apdp- I n-
tafw XpS- ß n- bm¬ Iem- i n- ° -
bm¬ CSbv°p Ww. As√- ¶ n¬
sh®v AXn¬ ASpØ Ime-
am‰w hcp-Øp-∂Xv Øns‚ hnfw- _ -
Atcm-N-Ihpw L´w sXm´p ap≥
kn≤m¥ hntcm-[-hp-am-Wv. A{]-Imcw n¿±n-jvS- ]sØ Ime-Øns‚ hnfw-_-L-´-hp-ambn s]mcp-Ø-
ImessZ¿LysØ ka- b - _ - ‘ n- X - a mb Ime- s∏-Sp-I-bp-an-√. Cu Akz-ckw hcm-Xn-cn-°p-hm≥
ssZ¿LysØ Dƒs°m-≈-Ø-°-hn[w Bcw-`n-°p- Iem-Im-c-∑m¿ {]tXyIw {i≤n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.
∂- X ns Ime- { ]- a mWw F∂p hyh- l - c n- ° mw. sN≠ taf-ßfn¬ ]©m-cn, ]m≠n, AS-¥,
-
hyXy-kvX-ssi-en-bmWv ]m≠n°pw ]©m-cn-a-ń- A©-S-¥, Nº, sNº-S, {[phw Ch-bmWv C∂v
ep≈ taf- ß ƒ°pw. ]m≠n- b n¬ Hmtcm L´- ne-hn-ep-≈Xv. Cu taf-ßƒs°√mw hmZn-°p∂
-
Ønte°pw tafw ]ptcm-K-an-°p-tºmgpw, ]©mcn (hm-bn-°p-∂) D]-IcWßƒ H∂pX-s∂. Dcp-´p-sN-
- - -
coXn-bn¬ Hmtcm Imew amdp-tºmgpw, hcp-tØ≠ ≠, he-¥e, Ce-Øm-fw, Ipdp-¶p-g¬, sImºv F∂n-
-
am‰-ßsf Ime-n¿Wbw F∂p hnh-£n-°mw. taf- h-bmWv hmtZym-]IcWßƒ. CXn¬ ]©m-cn-ta-f-
- - - -
ßfpw ]©-hm-Zyhpw HgpIp∂ Hcp Zn-t]m-se- Øns‚ Bkzm-Zy-Xtbm, kpJ-tam, a‰p taf-ßƒ°v
-
bm-Wv. F∂m¬ CSbv°v Hgp°ns‚ ˛ Ime-Øns‚ Ap-`hs∏-Sp-∂n-√. ]m≠n-ta-fsam-gn®v a‰p taf-ß-
- - -
˛ thKX Ipd-bp-hmtm {Ia-cln-Xambn IqSp-hmtm
- - sf√mw Iøpw tIm-ep-ambn sIm´p-∂hbm-Wv. Iøpw
-- - -
hn[n-®n-ń-√. kq£va-ambn ]d-™m¬ Ime-Øn¬ tImep-ambn sIm´p∂ taf-ßƒs°√mw tImev Iw-
hcp∂ am‰w ˛ hcp-tØ≠ am‰w ˛ tXr-ÿm-o- Ip- d ®pw Iønv {]m[myw sImSp- Ø p- a mWv
b¿ am{Xta Adn-bm-hq. AXp-t]m-se-Xs∂ Ime- sIm´p∂Xv ˛ As√-¶n¬ sImt´-≠Xv. AXp-sIm-
-

41


≠mWv Cu taf-ßƒ tIƒ°p-tºmƒ IqSp-X¬ hy‡n-bpsS˛ Hmtcm Ne--ßƒ°pw Ap-k-cn®v
B-µhpw BÀm-Zhpw t{imXm-hnv D≠m-Ip-∂Xv.
- ˛ Adn™v Dƒs°m≠v ˛ Bkz-Zn®v ˛ B-µn®v
Cu taf-ß-fn¬ ]©m-cn-ta-f-Øn-mWv N{I- HsØmcp-an®v oßp∂ Bbn-c-°-W-°nv Bkzm-
h¿Øn ÿmw Xs∂ sImSp-Øn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. mZ- ZI hrµsØ Hmtcm D’-h-∏-d-ºp-I-fnepw ˛ ]qc-
ip-≤n-sIm≠v Iøpw tImens‚ Iw Ipd™ ∏-d-ºp-I-fnepw ap°p ImWp-hm≥ km[n-°pw.
{]tbm-Khpw (-Sp-hpw, h°pw IW-°m-°n) Xmfm- {ipXn, mZw, Xmfw F∂nh kwtbm-Pn-°p-tºmƒ
[n-jvTn-X-ambn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂ ]©m-cn-ta-fw, a‰p Hcp {]tXyI ebw-Xs∂ kwPm-X-am-Ip-∂p. Cu
kwL-I-e-I-fn¬ ns∂√mw sshin-jvSy-am¿∂-Xm- ebw Hmtcm Bkzm-Z-I-s‚bpw a- n¬ XØn-°-
Wv. hyXykvX kz`m-h-ß-fn-ep≈Xpw, hn`n-∂-{ipfn-°p-∂Xp-sIm-≠m-hmw, Cu kwtbm-Pn-Xamb Ap-
- -
Xn-bn-ep≈Xpamb sN≠, he-¥-e, Ce-Øm-fw, `q-Xn°v msa-√m-hcpw hnt[-bcm-hp-∂Xv. Cusbmcp
- -
Ipdp-¶p-g¬, sImºv Chsb√mw ktΩ-fn-°p-tºmƒ khn-ti-jX a‰v kwÿm--ß-fnse hmZy-I-em-t{i-
Hcp {]tXyI mZ-ebw Xs∂ krjvSn-°p-hm≥ Wn-bn¬ Ap-`-h-th-Zy-am-Ip-∂n-√, F∂Xv X¿°-
km[n-°p-∂p-≠v. ASp-Øp-n∂p tIƒ°p-tºmƒ a‰ hkvXp-X-bm-Wv. Cßns mw km[m-cW KXn-
sN≠-I-fpsS {ipXn hntbm-Pn∏v Ipd-®-Ise n∂v bn¬ Nn¥n-®mepw A]-{K-Yn®p tm°n-bm-epw
tIƒ°p-tºmƒ B¿°pw Xs∂-bp-≠m-Ip-∂n-√. kºp-jvS-amWv ˛ kar-≤-amWv ˛ kº-∂-am-Wv, tIc-
{]mtZ-in-I-amb sNdnb hyXym-k-ßƒ Ds≠-¶n¬ fob hmZy-I-e-Iƒ F∂v hy‡-am-hp-∂p-≠-t√m.
Xs∂bpw tIc-fob t£{X-hm-Zy-I-e-I-fn¬ Cß- Xmf]≤-Xn-bn¬ ]©m-cn, A©-S¥, e£van,
-
s-bp≈ Nn´bpw k{º-Zm-bhpw F√m-bn-SØpw a¿Ωw, ImcnI Cu Xmf-ß-sf√mw tIc-fob Ie-
ne-n∂p t]mcp∂p≠v. CXn¬ n∂pw ap°p I-fn¬ am{Xw {]tbm-Kn®p hcp-∂-h-bm-Wv. CXn¬
a- n-em-°p-hm≥ km[n-°p-∂Xv, ]©m-cn-tafØnv
- n∂pw hy‡-am-hp∂ Hcp hkvXpX, at{¥m-]m-k-
a‰p-ta-f-ß-tf-°mƒ {]m[m-yhpw al-Xzhpw Iev]n- -sb-°mƒ t{ijvT-amWv mtZm-]m-k-- F∂
®n-´p-≈-Xm-sW∂pw Ap-jvTm--I-e-I-fn¬ Ap- XXzw A¿∞-h-Øm-hp-I-bm-Wv. at{¥m-]m-k--
t]-£-WobhpamWv F∂p-am-Wt√m? sIm≠v D]m-kIv am{Xw Ap-`q-Xn- e-`n-°p-tºmƒ
-
qdpw qdn-e-[n-Ihpw Iem-Im-c-∑m¿ ]s¶-Sp- mtZm-]m-k--sIm≠v Bbn-c-°-W-°nv ImWn-
°p∂ taf-ß-fnepw ]©-hm-Zy-Ønepw BZysØ Iƒ B-µn-°p∂p ˛ BÀm-Zn-°p-∂p, Cu hmZy-I-
Hcp Iºw apX¬ Ah-km-sØ Xodv Iem-iw- e-I-fn¬ A`n-c-an-°p∂p. Cu XXzw sN≠-ta-f-Øn-
hsc (]-©-hm-Zy-Xn-an-e-amhp hsc) ]s¶-Sp-°p∂ em-bmepw tkm]mkwKo-X-Øn-em-bmepw Ap-
Iem-Im-c∑m-cpsS ˛ mbI ÿmw n¿∆-ln-°p∂
- `-h-th-Zy-am-Wv.

Xr°m-ºpdw IrjvW≥Ip´n amcm¿ :˛ hmZy-ta-f-I-e-I-sf-°p-dn®v B[n-Im-cn-I-amb ⁄m-ap≈
Iem-Im-c≥. ]mWn, ]cn-j-hmZyw XpSßn Ap-jvSm--ß-fn¬ {]K-¤≥. IpSp-°-hoW F∂ hyXykvX
hmZy-{]-tbm-‡m-hv.

t£{X n¿ΩmW {]h¿Ø--ß-fn¬ [-k-a¿∏Ww S-Øn-bm¬ Ign™ Ggv P∑-ß-fn-
tebpw hcp∂ Ggp-P-∑-ß-fn-tebpw ]m]w C√m-Xm-Ip-sa∂v sshjvWh kwln-X-Iƒ ]d-bp-∂p.

42


{ipXn-tafw ˛ Hcp kz]v-km-£m-XvImcw
v ]fl-{io. a´-∂q¿ i¶-c≥Ip-ń-am-cm¿ v
Ie- I ƒ, {]tXy- I n®pw kwL- I - e - I ƒ, ˛ AXp-am-{X-amWv {ipXn-tafwsIm≠v A¿∞am°n-
DZvtLm-jn-°p-∂Xv Iq´m-bva-bpsS hnP-b-c-l-ky-am- b-Xv.
Wv. kam a- p-Iƒ Htc t]mse {]h¿Øn-°p- Dcp-´p-sN-≠-Iƒ Htc aq∏n-e≈hbm-°p-I-sb-
tºmƒ am{X-amWv kwL-I-e-Iƒ hnP-b-am-hp-∂- ∂Xv Zp-jvIcamb H∂√. he-¥es®-≠Ifpw A{]-
- - - - -
Xv. tIc-fob taf-I-e-I-fn¬ CsX-{X-am{Xw {]mtbm- Imcw Xs∂. Htc {ipXn-bn-ep≈ Ce-Øm-f-ßfpw
Kn-I-am°mw F∂ Nn¥-bmWv "{ipXn-taf'Øn∂m- Xøm-dm-°mw. taf-Øn¬ DuXp∂ sImºp-Iƒ GI-
[m-cw. tZiw IrXy-amb FÆ-ßƒ Xs∂-bm-Wv DuXn-h-
h¿j-ß-tfm-f-ambn tIc-f-Øns‚ hnhn[ cp-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ Ipg-ens‚ ÿnXn A{]-Im-c-a-√.
{]tZ-i-ß-fn¬ S-°p∂ taf-ß-fn¬ ]s¶-SpØ hyXykvX {ipXn-bn-ep≈ Ipg-ep-Iƒ, Xmf-h-´-ßƒ
Ap-`hw Xs∂-bmWv CØcw Hcp Nn¥-bn-te°v nd®v DuXpI F∂-Xp- am-{X-amWv Ah-cpsS coXn.
Fs∂ bn-®Xv. temI-Ønse Xs∂ G‰hpw IrXy-ambn Nn´-s∏-Sp-Ønb FÆ-ßtfm kzc-ßtfm
A√ taf-Øn-q-Xp-∂-Xv.
Ipg-en-eq-Xp∂ Xmf-h´ßsf IrXy-ambn kzc-
- -
s∏-SpØn Nn´-sN-øpI F∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p {ia-Icamb - -
ZuXyw. {]kn≤ mK-kzchnZzmpw Ipdpw-Ip-g¬
hmZ-I-p-amb {io. ]√m-hq¿ IrjvW≥Ipń C°m-
cy-Øn¬ klmbw hmKvZmw sNbvXp. Xmf-h-´-
ßƒ nd-®q-Xp-∂n-SØv Ahsb IrXy-ambn kzc-
s∏-Sp-Øn, Iem-i-ßƒ°p≈ kn·-ep-Iƒ Nn´-s∏-
Sp- Ø n, 96 A£- c - I m- e - Ø n- e p≈ ]©mcntaf-
Øns‚ H∂mwImew i¶-cm-`-cWcmK-Ønepw, 48
henb hmZy-knw-^-Wn-bmWv taf-ßƒ. sN≠-
A£-c-Im-e-Øn-ep≈ c≠m-wImew tamlcmK-
Ifpw, Ce-Øm-f-ßfpw, Ipg-ep-Ifpw, sImºp-Ifpw
Ønepw, 24 A£c Ime-Øn-ep≈ aq∂mwImew
]c-kv]c]q-cIßfmbn Cg-tN-cp∂ kwL-Ie. Cu
- - - - - -
D]-I-c-W-ßƒ Bh-iy-amb Ap-]m-X-Øn¬ tafn-
°p-tºm-fp-≠m-Ip∂ Aù-aamb tafm-p-`hw ]q¿∆-
-
kvacn-Iƒ ap°p ]I¿∂p-X∂n-´p-≠v. F∂m¬ D]-
- -
tbm- K n- ° p∂ D]- I - c - W - ß - f psS {ipXn- t ®m¿®
Fs∂ h√msX Ae-ń-bn-cp-∂p. hyXykvX aq∏n-
ep≈ sN≠- I ƒ, hyXykv X {ipXn- I - f n- e p≈
sImºp-Iƒ, Ipg-ep-Iƒ..... Ch-sb√mw Htc aq∏nepw
{ipXn-I-fn-ep-am-sW-¶n¬ tIƒhn Ap-`hw F{X-
am{Xw lrZy-am-bn-cn°pw! tIc-f-Ønse S-∏p-co-
Xn-Isf adn-I-S-°m--√, adn-®v, AXns‚ tIƒhn-
kpJw IqSp-X¬ BI¿j-I-am-°n -am-‰m-p≈ {iaw

43


{Ikt‚m Cu kz]v km£m-Xv°m-c-Ønp {ihy-
`mjyw Na-®p. Bkzm-Z-I¿ BZy-ambn {ipXn-tafw
tI´Xpw Imk-‰n-eqsS Xs∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p.
{ipXn-tafw Zp m-≤y-sa-∂-`n-{]m-b-s∏-´-h¿
]n∂oSpw CXns JWvUn-®p. ]cn-an-X-amb FÆw
Iem-Im-c-∑msc Dƒs∏-SpØn am{Xta CXp km≤y-
am-hp-I-bp≈q F∂mbn Ah¿. ]n∂oSv ]e thZn-
I-fnepw qtdmfw Iem-Im-c-∑msc Dƒs∏-SpØn
{ipXn-tafw Ah-X-cn-∏n-®p. XpS¿®-bmb ]cn-io-e-
-ßfpw CXn-m-h-iy-am-bn-cp-∂p. CXnp D’m-
lhpw Du¿÷hpw X∂ kl-I-em-Im-c-∑m¿°p
nd™ a-t msS µn................
tIZm-c-KufcmK-Ønepw, 12 A£-c-Im-e-Øn-ep≈ ]q¿ÆX Ah- I m- i - s ∏- S mhp∂ H∂pan- √ .
memwImew B-µ-ss`-chncmK-Ønepw Nn´-s∏- {ipXn-ta-fhpw ]q¿Æ-a-s√-∂-dn-bmw. Xo¿®-bmbpw
Sp-Øn. ]©mcntaf-Øns‚ G‰hpw BI¿j-Iamb - {iaw XpS-cp-I-Xs∂ sNøpw. C∂p S-°p∂ taf-
A©mw-Imew jlmcmK-Øn-emWv kzc-s∏-Sp-Øn- ßƒ°v Ipg¬ hmbn-°p-∂-h¿, Ah¿ FXp {]tZ-
b-Xv. XpS¿∂v Xocp-I-em-i-Ønv a≤y-am-hXn cmK- i-Øp-n-∂p hcp-∂-h-cm-bmepw icn, Hcpt]mse˛
hpw. Znh-k-ß-tfmfw o≠p -n∂ {ia-I-c-amb Htc {ipXn-bn¬ Nn´-s∏-Sp-Ønb kzc-ßƒ ˛ hmbn-
ZuXy- a m- b n- c p- ∂ p, CXv . ]cn- i o- e - - t h- f - I - f n¬ °p-∂Xp tIƒ°p-∂p. {ipXn-ta-f-Øns‚ ]c-a-amb
nd™ a-t msS D’mlw ]I¿∂ kplr-Øp- hnPbw AXp-X-s∂-bm-sW∂p Rm≥ hniz-kn-°p-
°ƒ Gsd! ∂p. tIc-f-sam-´msI S-°p∂ taf-ß-fn¬ B
Npcp°w FÆw Iem-Im-c∑msc Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-
- {ipXn-kp-`Kamb Ipg¬hnfn tIƒ°m-mbn ap°v
- -
bmWv {ipXn-tafw km£m-Xv°-cn-®-Xv. _n.-Fw.-Pn. ImtXm¿°mw....

]fl-{io. a´-∂q¿ i¶-c≥Ip-ń-am-cm¿ :˛ Xmb-º-I-e-bn¬ XXvssien hm¿sØ-SpØ Iem-Im-
c≥. hmZy-ta-f-cw-KØv BZy-ambn ""]fl'' Ahm¿Uv tSnb {]K-¤≥. {]i-kvX-amb Xriq¿]qc-Ønse
Xncp-h-ºmSn hn`m-K-Ønse taf-{]-am-Wn. {ipXn-ta-f-Øns‚ D]-⁄m-Xm-hv.


lecjXkgä~j aìùl hgvjgíejC
ùhbqèv~äfw mqbªeÎve mukjfTgk

44


H®-∏m-Sns‚ {]Xy-b imkv{Xw
-
v hn. Iem-[-c≥ v
""Xmf-Øns‚ tKm]p-c-ßƒ'' F∂ atm-l- S-bv°bpw A¥ pw AwKo-Im-chpw Gdn-b-Xv.
c-amb {]_-‘sa-gpXn sN≠-hm-ZIebpsS kuµ-
- - - - - ss{IkvXh kap-Zm-b-Ønv ta¬ss°-bp≈
cy-hn-Xm--ßƒ temI-k-a£w sIm≠p-h∂ sI.- Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn¬ ùXn-I]p-tcm-KXn tIc-fØnse
- -
kn. mcm-b-W≥ voice˛t°mƒ "noise'v Xß- CX-c-{]-tZ-i-ß-tf-°mƒ hfsc thK-Øn-em-bn-cp-
fpsS Pohn-X-Øn¬ {]mapJyw Iev]n-®-h-cmWv ae- ∂p. CXns‚ {]Xn-^-e--sa-t∂mWw Ahn-SpsØ
bm-fn-Iƒ F∂v nco-£n-®n-´p-≠v. kq£va-t{im-{X- t£{X-ßƒ°pw √ hcp-am--ap-≠m-bn. Aº-e-
ßƒ°p am{Xw {]m]y-amb mZ-X-cw-K-ß-tf-°mƒ ßƒ IqSp-X¬ sXfn-™p. ImSp-t]m-bn. kz¿W-
H®∏m-Sns‚ {kjvSm-°fpw Bcm-[-I-cp-amWv ae- s°m-Sn-acßƒ kpe-àm-bn. ImWn-°Iƒ nd-™p.
- - - -
bm-fn-Iƒ F∂v Imew sXfn-bn-®p-sIm-t≠-bn-cn-°p- F∂m¬ a≤y-tI-c-f-Ønepw ae-_m-dn-eptam? ]g-
∂p. ho≠pw ho≠pw In-s∏m-Sn™ HmSp-Iƒ, {Zhn® Igp-t°m-ep-Iƒ,
ASn-b-¥ncw Np‰npw sNdnb ImSv, {][m-- K-Xm-KX kuI-cy-
h-hm-kn-I-fm-bn-cp∂ ImeØv hy-ar-K- ß-fp-ambn kmamyw √ AIew ˛ B¿°-tbm-
ßsf Bń-b-I-‰m≥ ΩpsS ]q¿∆n-I¿ HcpXcw fPn hn`m-K-Øn-p-am{Xw IuXpIw tXm∂n-bv°p∂
]ds®≠Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp-∂n-cn-bv°mw. Imhp- Cu t£{X-ßfn-emWv Aº-ehm-kn-Ifmb s]mXp-
- - -
I-fn¬ n∂v t£{X-ß-fn-te-bv°p≈ Bcm-[-m- hmƒam-cpw, amcm-∑mcpw sN≠-bnepw a±-f-Ønepw
e-b-ß-fpsS ]cn-h¿Ø--L-´-ß-fn-se-t∏m-sg-¶n-ep- H®bpsS alm- k u- µ - c y- s am- c p- ° n- b - X v . qdpw
am-hWw sN≠ ASn-b-¥n-c-®-S-ßp-I-fpsS `mK-am- q‰≥]Xpw hmZy-°m¿ AWn-n-c-°p∂ i_vZ-
b-Xv. Dud-bv°n´ ]ip-hn≥ tXm¬ sslµ-h-t£- Øns‚ Iq‰≥ ku[-ßƒ Ah¿ Aº-eap-‰ßfn¬ - - -
{X- ß - f n¬ njn- ≤ - a - √ m- X m- b - X ns‚ clkyw ]Wn-Xp-b¿Øn. ap-jy-{]-bXvØns‚ Kwò-c- km-
- -
{_m“WyØns‚ Ipg- e q- Ø p- I m- c mbn amdnb £m¬°m-c-ß-fp-ambn i_vZ-I-e-bpsS ]nc-an-Up-
s]mXp-hmƒ amcm¿ kap-Zmbw Ft∏m-sg-¶nepw Iƒ Xosh-ń-I-fpsS kz¿W shfn-®-Øn¬ tZh-
shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xmbn Adn-hn-√. arK-_-en-bpw, Xm-ssN-X-y-am-bn. me-º-e-Øn¬ ]qP-Iƒ°pw
I≈pw, Nmcm-bhpw, tImgnsb Ad-°epw A[:IrX- {]Z-£n-W-ßƒ°p-ambn AI-ºSn tkhn-°p∂
ssZ-h-ßƒ°v hn´p-sIm-SpØv, ssih-˛-ssh-jvWh sN≠ IqSp-X¬ apdp-°-tØm-sS, h¿≤n-X-ho-cy-
aq¿Øn-Isf kky-t`m-P--°m-cmb kmXzn-I-cm°n tØm-sS, ]pdw-tem-IØv nd-™p.
am‰n-b-h¿ Ft¥ XpI¬ hmZy-ßƒ°v me-º-e- Rm≥ Rms∂ `mhw
Øn¬ ]XnXyw Iev]n-®n√? ]c-am-h[n a±-f-Ønv Iq´mbn Pohn-°p-tºmƒØs∂ H‰bv°p S-
tZh-Xzhpw, sN≠bv°v Bkp-cXbpw Iev]n-°mt
- °mpw {]h¿Øn-°mpw tSm-p-ap≈ hmk-bpw
Ah¿°p Ign-™p-≈q. ho°≥ sN≠bpw Dcp-´p- tamlhpw ap-jyv Ie-i-em-Wv. Alw-t_m[
sN-≠bpw {ItaW Aº-eßfnse ioth-en-Iƒ°v
- - (Cu-tKm)an√m-sX, hy‡n-K-X-amb C—m-i-‡n-bn-
Hgn®p-Iq-Sm-m-hm-Ø-Xmbn. mK-kz-cw, Xhn¬ XpS- √m-sX, ap-jy-]p-tcm-K-Xn-bn-√. Ie-I-fn-tebv°p
ßnb adp-m-S≥ hmZy-ßƒ°v {]th-iw Inńb h∂m¬ CXns‚ anI® DZm-l-c-W-amWv taf-Øn¬
Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dnse t£{X-ß-sf-°mƒ a≤y-tI-c- n∂v Xmb- º - I - b n- t e- b v ° p≈ "sN≠'bpsS
f-Ønepw ae-_m-dn-ep-amWv sN≠-˛a±fßƒ°pw˛C-- - - - apt∂‰w. Bh¿Ø-Øns‚ bm{¥n-IXbn¬ n∂v
- - -

45


kn≤n-bp-sSbpw `mh--bp-sSbpw kap-{Z-Ønse PohnXw X≈n-o-°m-m-hmØ Ah-ÿ-h-∂p. a[y-
mhn-I-m-hp-tºm-gmWv Iem-Im-c≥ Bfl-kw-Xr- Xn- c p- h n- X mw- I q- d nse alm- t £- { X- ß - f n- t ebv ° v
]vXn-bSbp-∂sX∂v a´-∂q¿ i¶-c≥Ipń ]e-t∏mgpw
- - - tafhpw Xmb-º-Ibpw IpSn-tb-‰-°m-cpsS hotdmsS
ASn-h-c-bn-Sm-dp≈ Imcyw Hm¿Ω hcp-∂p. IS-∂p-sN-∂p. Ch-bpsS ÿmw n¿W-bn-°-s∏-
IY- I - f n- b n- s e- ∂ - t ]mse Xmb- º - I - b psS ´p. ]pXnb ]mc-º-cy-ßƒ ]nd-∂p. mK-kz-c-Øn-
kz`m-h-n¿W-b-Ønepw IWn-i-amb t{iWo-I- sebpw Xhn-en-sebpw Pzen-°p∂ inc- p-Iƒ
cWw ap°v ImWm-m-hpw. cmhp-Zn-°p-tºmƒ cwK- AkvXan-®Xn-m¬ ]pXp-]m-cºcy-ßƒ°v InS-a’-
- - - - -
h-µ--Ønv {ioIr-jvW-th-j-ßƒ, IY XpS-ßn- c-Øns‚ Bh-iy-an-√. Ign™ Im¬q-‰m-≠n-p-
bm¬ [otcmcm-Zm-Ø-m-b-I≥, Ccp-ńv Iw IqSp- ≈n¬ Fs¥√mw Iogvta¬ adn-®n-ep-IfmWv ΩpsS -
∂-tXmsS {]Xn-m-b-I≥, cm£-k-cq-]-ßƒ, BZn- t£{X-kw-kv°m-c-Øn-ep-≠m-b-Xv?.
Xys‚ ]p-cm-K-a--tØmsS h[w, tNmc F∂n- in¶m-cn-tafw
ßs IY-I-fn-bvs°mcp nb-X-amb k{º-Zm-b-ap- Ata-cn-°-bnse sacn-em‚ v k¿∆-I-em-im-e-
≠v. A]-hm-Z-ß-fn-cn-bv°-s´. Xmb-º-I-bntem? bn¬ n∂v Kth-j-W-Øn-s-Ønb ImX-dn≥ F∂
apJw Ign-™m¬ ]Xn-Im-ew, ]n∂oSv Iqdv. Iqdv hnZym¿∞n- n- t bm- s Sm∏w {]h¿Øn- ® - t ∏m- g mWv
Ign-™m¬ P-°q-´-Øn-n-S-s]-Sm-p≈ L´-ß-fm- "in¶m-cn-tafw' Rm≥ {i≤n-®-Xv. hS-°≥ ]d-hq-
bn. CS-h-´hpw CS-n-ebpw "Ccn-InS'bpw IW-°n- cnse Hcp amcm¿, kml-N-cy-t{]-c-W-bm¬ c≠p-]-
t-°mƒ Iøm-Wv. Imcy-tØ-°mƒ Ifn-bm-Wv. Xn- ‰ m- ≠ p- I ƒ°v ap≥]v , kwhn- [ mw sNbv X
Ijv S n- b m- W v . s{]mó≥ Ipd™ {Zmh- I - a m- W v . "]©mcn'bnep≈ I¨sI- ´ p- h n- Z y- b mWv
B¬°-tlmƒ A[n-I-am-Wv. atm-_-e-tØ-°mƒ ]n¬°mew in¶m-cn-ta-f-ambn tIc-f-saßpw s]mSn-
imco-cn-I-i-‡n-bm-Wv. Adn-hn-t-°mƒ Bth-i-am- ]m-dn-®-Xv. Xo¿Øpw `‡n-ap-‡-am-b, BNm-c-hn-cp-
Wv. km[--sb-°mƒ kvtXm`-am-Wv. Iem-n-c- ≤- a mb, "rØ- ˛ - m- Z - h n- k vab'ambn- ´ mWv
£csc Iøn-se-Sp-°-ep-am-Wv. "in¶mcntafw' hne-kp-∂-Xv. PmXn-˛-a-X-˛-h¿K-˛-t`-
AXn¿Øn-ew-Lw Z-an-√msX sNdn-sbm-cp Xmf-t_m-[-ap≈ B¿°pw
ZriyIe-Isf At]-£n®v taf-Ønepw ]©- s]cp-am-dm-hp∂ Hcp hmZ--im-J. tIm´bw Pn√-
hm-Zy-Ønepw Xmb-º-I-bnepw Xmtcm-Zbw hfsc bn¬ s]Æp-ß-fpsS in¶m-cn-ta-f-kwLw {]_-e-
sshIn. Ccp-]-Xmw-q-‰m-≠n-sm-Sp-hn-emWv Ch-bn- am-bn-Øo-cp-∂-Xmbn ImX-dn≥ ]d-™p.
se√mw Xmc-ßƒ s]cp-In-b-Xv. hmZy-I-e-I-fnse sIm´p-Im¿ Nph-Sp-Iƒ shbv°p-∂Xp-sIm≠p-
£-{X-ßƒ IS¬I-S∂v temI-P--X-bpsS Xnf- IqSn-bm-hWw "in¶mcn tafw' ImgvN-°m¿°v lc-
ßp∂ ZrjvSn-bn¬h-∂p. B¿´v knn-aIfn¬ Hgnhm-
- - am- h p- ∂ - X v . km[m- c W ap- j y- c psS knc- I sf
°m-m-hm-Øhcm-bn. kzImcy Nm-ep-Ifn¬ ÿnc-
- - - Ffp∏w aYn-°p∂ cmk-aq-eIw in¶m-cn-ta-f-Øn-
°m-cm-bn. Ne-®n-{X--S-∑m¿°pw CX-c-tZ-i-ß-fnse ep-s≠∂v a´-∂qcpw I√q¿ cma≥Ip-ńbpw hne-bn-
hmZy-Im-c∑m¿°pw sN≠bpw CS-bv°bpw angmhpw
- cp-Øn-b-tXm¿°p-∂p. taf-a-dn-bm-Xn-cp∂ t£{X-ß-
]nSn-In-´mØ Zu¿_-ey-am-bn. s]cp-h--sØbpw fn¬ tafw {]bp-‡-am-b-Xnv kam-¥-c-ambn ]pdsa
Xr∏q-Wn-Øp-d-bn-sebpw Ccn-ßm-e-°p-S-bn-sebpw in¶m-cn-ta-f-Øns‚ h≥ IpXn-∏p-Iƒ! ]≈n-s∏-cp-
Bdm-´p-]p-g-bn-sebpw Fd-Wm-Ip-fØpw inh-t£- ∂m-fp-Iƒ°pw, PmY-Iƒ°pw, tjm∏nßv sk‚¿
{X- Ø n- s ebpw taf- ß ƒ°v Pw s]cp- I n. DZvLm-S--Ønpw, cmjv{Sob ]m¿ń-I-fpsS tbmK-
Nm¬°m¿°v hn{i-a-an-√m-Xm-bn. ßƒ°pw in¶m-cn-tafw Hcp hio-I-c-W-X{¥w!
IY-I-fn-bn-sem-gnsI ∂mbn hen®v aq∏n® bmYm- ÿ n- X n- I ¿°pw, aX- h n- i zm- k n- I ƒ°pw,
HØ Hcp sN≠ ImWm≥ ]mSp-s]-ń-cp∂ Xncp- am¿Ivkn-Ãp-Im¿°pw, aX-au-en-I-hm-Zn-Iƒ°pw,
hnXmwIq-dp-Im¿°v, tafhpw Xmb-º-Ibpw IqSmsX bp‡n-hm-Zn-Iƒ°pw Hcpt]mse kzoIm-cy-amb

46


{]Xn`mk- a m- W n- X v. Hcp]t£ "in¶m- c n- Øn¬, sXcp-thm-c-ß-fn¬, `£-W-im-e-I-fn¬,
taf'Ønemhpw tIc-f-Øn¬ BZysØ kºq¿Æ- knn-am-im-e-I-fn¬, em≥Uv t^mWp-I-fn¬, {]`m-
tkm-jy-enkw {]mh¿Øn-I-am-hp-∂-Xv. j-W-ß-fn¬ Ahs‚/Ah-fpsS IWvT-t£m`w
H®bpsS sa®w kwkvIm-c-ap≈ Hcp a- npw kln-°m-h-X-√.
n]p-W-t{im-{X-ß-fpsS mSm-bn-cp-∂p, Hcn°¬
]mc-ºcyhmZy-I-e-Ifpw Ah-bpsS tIƒhn-
°mcpw AhnsS n¬°-s´. ae-bm-fn-bpsS apJy[m- ΩpsS sIm®p-tI-c-fw. H.hn. hnP-bs‚ "Im‰p-]-
cmkw-kv°m-c-Øn¬ F¥mWv kw`-hn-°p-∂Xv? d™ IY'bnse mb-I≥ Ip™pÆn imkv{X-
sNIn-S-S-∏n-°p∂ i_vZ-{]-f-b-ambn amdn-bns√ ⁄s‚ D∂-X-]-Zhn Dt]-£n®v ]me-°ms´ {Kma-
ΩpsS P-Iob hntm-Z-I-e-Iƒ?. ASn-s]m-fn-∏m- Øn-se-Øn-bXv Npc-Øn-eqsS hoip∂ Im‰ns‚
´p-I-fnepw AXn-th-K-r-Ø-®p-h-Sp-I-fpsS ]›m-Ø- t¿Ø {ipXn-b-p-`-hn®v tam£-a-S-bm-m-bn-cp-∂p.
e-Ønepw ImXp-s]m-ń-°p∂ i_vZ-ßƒ. Ch-bpsS H® ΩpsS kuµ-cy-im-kv{X-am-bXv hn[n-I-ev]--
Ah- X m- c - I ¿°pw t{]£- I - ˛ - t {im- X m- ° ƒ°pw bm-em-hmw. CXn¬ D∑-Ø-cm-hp-tºmgpw, au-Øn-
_p≤n-bpsS Ap-{Klw th≠. ap-jyXzw th≠. s‚bpw kq£va-m-Z-ß-fp-sSbpw D]m-k-I-cm-hm≥
Xmf-ß-fpsS kq£va-am-{X-I-f-dn-b-≠. ]c-lr-Z-b- hcw- e-`n® {]mNo Ejn-h-cy-∑m-cpsS ]mc-ºcyw
⁄mw th≠. {ipXnbpw ho≠p-hn-Nm-chpw Xosc ap°v Xo¿Øpw Ay-am-I-W-sa-∂pt≠m?
th≠. Bfl-hn-th-I-Ønv ae-bm-fn-bpsS A`-b-
H®bn-em-Wv ae-bm-fn-bpsS apgp-h≥ hnizm- ÿmw BcmWv? hn{im-¥n°v ΩpsS kaq-l-
k-hpw. sk¬t^m-Wn¬, Xoh-≠n-bn¬, hnam-- Øn¬ Fhn-sS-bm-sWm-cnSw?

hn. Iem[c≥ :˛ tIcf IemaWv U eØn¬ AUv a nnkv t {S‰ohv Hmôkdmbn NpaXe
hln°p∂p. hnhn[ hntZi KthjI¿s°m∏w KthjW klmbnbpw ]¶mfnbpw. tImgnt°mSv
k¿∆Iemimebn¬ t_m¿Uv Hm^v ÃUokns‚ ap≥ AwKw. nch[n teJßƒ aebmfØnepw
Cw•ojnepw FgpXnbn´p≠v.

MvfãeBxòªaleJgcgú vfJcen, bfäTgbãxh¥x Sÿfb
vëègbez Y©pv~ägsë
mueãmukjC~W ùhlrìfòªgskeúgÿg.

aìùlmXyÀceã ktëglw bfbj~WTx yÀsh¥aëç bfnemX :
smùköJf
lecjXkgä~j DÖh¥ ambemcflf
lecjXkgä~j, lôh¥ t CfègJ - 682 301, SJCekgäX pfnâ ,
Ph : 2778038, 98470 58128
E-mail: thamaramkulangara@yahoo.com Website: www.thamara.net

47


Xmb-º-I-bvs°mcp k‘y-the
v It√-°p-f-ßc A®p-X≥Ip-ń-am-cm¿ v
Hmtcm P-kaq-lØn-s‚bpw kmwkv°m-cnI
- - sf√mw t£{Xm-Nm-cm-p-jvTm--ß-fp-ambn _‘w-
t{ijvTX AXXp-{]-tZ-iØv {]Nm-cØn-ep≈ Iem-
- ]p-e¿Øp-∂p. t£{X-I-e-Isf kmam-ty Ap-
aq-ey-ß-fn-eqsS hne-bn-cp-Øm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. temI- jvTm--I-e-I-sf∂pw Bkzm-Z (B-tLm-j) Ie-
Øns‚ hnhn[ {]tZ-i-ß-fn¬ {]Nm-c-Øn-ep≈ I-sf∂pw c≠mbn Xcw-Xn-cn-°mw. Ap-jvTm--I-
]e-Xcw Iem-cq-]ßƒ, B {]tZ-i-Øns‚ kmaq-
-- e-I-fpsS Imem-p-K-X-amb ]cn-jv°-c-W-ß-fn-eq-sS-
lyhpw kmwkv°m-cn-Ihp-amb PohnXcoXn-°p-kr-
- - bmWv Bkzm-Z (B-tLm-j) Ie-Iƒ ]cn-t]m-
X-ambn D¬`q-X-am- jn-°-s∏-´Xpw
b-hbpw hf¿∂-h- {]N-cn-®-Xpw.
bp- a m- W v . Poh Bkzm- Z (B-
ssien `q{]-Ir-Xn- tLm- j ) hn`m- K -
bp- a mbpw kmaq- Øn¬s∏´ tIc-
ln-I-˛-hn-Zym-`ymk fob t£{X-hm-Zy-
taJ- e - b p- a mbpw I-e-I-fmWv ]©-
_‘-s∏-ń-cn-°p- hm- Z yw, tafw,
∂p. t{ijvT-amb tIfn, Xmb- º I
kmaq-ln-I-˛-hn-Zym- apX- e m- b - h . Ch-
`ymk ]›m-Ø-e- bn¬ Xmb- º - I -
Øn-ep≈ P-k- sbm-gnsI as‰√m
aqlw hninjv S Iem-cq-]-ßfpw
kwkv°m-c-Ønv kwL-I-e-I-fm-Wv.
DS-a-I-fm-Ip-∂p. B kwkv°m-c-ip≤n Ie-I-fn-eqsS Xmb-ºI-bm-hs´ {]tbm-‡m-hmb Iem-Im-c-n¬
-
{]Xn-^-en-°p-∂p. am{Xw tI{µo-Ir-X-am-Wv. Xmb-º-I-sbm-gnsI at‰-
sXmcp tIc-fob t£{X-hm-Zy-I-em-cq-]-Ønepw
`mc-Xob P-X-bpsS kwkv°mcw B≤ym-
fln-I-Xbn¬ A[n-jvTn-X-amb Cuiz-cm-cm-[--bp- sN≠- I - e m- I m- c v kzX- { ¥- a mb Bhnjv ° mc
ambn _‘-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p. hnin-jym, tIc-fob P- km≤y-X-bn-√. Cu Bhn-jv°m-c-kzm-X-{¥y-amWv,
X- b psS kwkv ° mcw hn{K- l m- c m- [ - - b p- a mbpw Xmb-º-I-bpsS mƒ°p-m-fp≈ hf¿®bv°v Imc-
Im¿jn-Ita-Jebp-ambpw At`-Zy-_‘w ]pe¿Øp-
- - - W-am-Ip-∂-Xv. Hcp n›nX N´-°q-Sn-p-≈n¬ n∂p-
∂p. Pohn- X - N - c y- b v ° - p- k r- X - a mb coXn- b n¬ sIm≠v Iem-Im-cs‚ Ignhpw A`y-k--Øns‚
kwkv°m-cip-≤nbpw Bb-Xn-p-kr-Xam-bn, kmaq-
- - - anIhpw ˛ XnI®pw D]-I-c-W-hp-am-bp≈ CW-°-
lnI Pohn-X-ssi-enbpw Iem-`n-cp-Nnbpw cq]w Øns‚ A-¥-km-≤y-Xbpw, tImen¬ n∂pw
- { ]m- ] n- ° p- ∂ p. t£{Xw, P- k - a q- l - Ø ns‚ Iøn¬ n∂pw D¤-hn-°p∂ i_vZ-ÿm-bn-Iƒ
kmwkvIm-cnI tI{µ-ambn amdp-∂p. t£{Xw tI{µo- XΩn-ep≈ Bt]-£n-I-Xzhpw hyXy-kvX-ÿm-bn-
Ir-X-ambn Ie-Iƒ ]cn-t]m-jn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. tIc- bn-ep≈ i_vZßfpsS an{iWw sIm≠p≈ kuIp-
- -
fobIe-I-fn¬ H´pan° Ie-Ifpw t£{X-I-e-I- amcyw sXfn-bn-°p-hmpw at‰-sXmcp Ah-k-c-
fmbn amdn-bXpw A{]-Imcw Xs∂. t£{X-I-e-I- Ønepw km≤y-am-Ip-∂n-√. IY-Ifn-°m-sW-¶n¬ Hcp
-

48


]°-ta-f-°m-cs‚ ÿm-amWv sN≠-I-em-Im-c-p- Wn-am-cm¿ XpS-ßn-b-hcpw Xmb-ºI temIsØ
≈- X v . Cu Ah- k - c - ß - f n¬ sN≠- I - e m- I m- c v kqcy-tX-P- p-I-fm-bn-cp-∂p. {io. XrØme tIih
B{in-XXz-kz-`mhw AYhm as‰mcp Iem-cq-]Ønv
- - s]mXp-hmƒ ae-a¬°mhv If-cn-bp--tS-bpw, {io. ]√m-
anIhv h¿≤n-∏n-°m-p≈ kl-Im-cI `mh-am-Wp- hq¿ A∏p-am-cm¿ ]me-°m-S≥ If-cn-bp-tSbpw k¥m-
≈-Xv. hy‡n-]camb atm-[¿Ω {]I-SØn-p≈
- - - - - ß - f m- b n- c p- ∂ n´pw, Ccp- h ¿°pw Ah- c - h - c psS
Ah-kcw ]cn-an-X-am-Wv. hy‡ym-[n-jvTnX {]I-S- hy‡n-{]m-ho-Wyhpw kzX:kn≤ ssienbpw hnfw-
-Ønpw k¿§m-fl-IX sXfn-bn-°m-p-ap≈ Ah- _cw sNøm≥ Ign-™Xv B alm-flm-°-fpsS
kcw Xmb-º-I-bn¬ am{X-ta-bp-≈q. hy‡n-ssh-injvSyw sIm≠v am{X-am-Wv. GI-tZiw
Cu kzmX{¥yw Ap-hZn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv, Xmb-
- - aqt∂m mtem ]Xn- ‰ m- ≠ p- I ƒ°v ap≥]p- h sc
ºI F∂ Iem-cq-]-Ønv n¿Æ-bn-®n-´p≈ IrXy- t£{X- h m- Z y- I - e m- I m- c - ∑ m¿°v sIm≈p- h mpw
amb AXn¿hc-ºp-I-fp-tSbpw LS--bp-tSbpw ]cn- sImSp-°p-hmpw D≈ kµ¿`-ßƒ hnc-f-am-bn-cp-
[n-bv°p-≈n¬ am{Xw hnl-cn-°p-hm-m-Wv. Cu ∂p. {]mtZ-in-I-ambn tI{µo-I-cn-®-Xn-m¬, Htc If-
]cn[n ewLn-°p-Itbm, Xmb-º-I-bpsS n›nX cn-bn¬ A`y-kn® {]Xn-`-Iƒ°v hn`n-∂-am-sbmcp
cq]-L-S--bn¬ n∂v hyXn-N-en-°p-Itbm sNøp- ssien-sb-°p-dn®v Nn¥n-°phmtm ]c-kv]cw
∂-Xv, Xmb-ºI F∂ Iem-cq-]Øn-p-]Icw sN≠ - - ssIamdphmtm km[n-®n-cp-∂n-√. Imew amdn-h-∂-
F∂ D]-I-c-W-Øn¬ Hcp {]I-Sw ImgvN-sh- Xn--p-k-cn®v Iem-Im-c-∑m¿°v Bb-Xnv kµ¿`-
ßfpw ku`m-Kyhpw kn≤n-®p. BbXv Xmb-º-I-
bv°¬ am{X-am-Ipw. Iem-Im-cs‚ atm-[¿Ω-]m-S-
bpsS ]cn-jv°-c-W-Ønpw hf¿®bv°pw {]i-
hw, Xmb-ºIbpsS N´-°q-Sn¬ n∂p-sIm-≠p-Xs∂
- -
kvXn°pw {]N-c-W-Ønpw klm-b-I-am-bn. ae-
ImgvN-sh-bv°m≥ [mcmfw Ah-k-c-ßƒ Cu Iem-
a¬°mhv ssien- b n¬ XnI™ A`ymk_e-
cq- ] - Ø n- e p- ≠ v . Ap- t bm- P y- k - µ ¿`- ß - f n- e p≈
tØmsS kv]jvS-ambpw taf-s°m-gp∏v jvS-s∏-Sm-
{]tbm-K-Nm-Xpcyw sIm≠p-Xs∂ hy‡n-{]-`mhw
tXbpw njvI¿jnX FÆ-ßƒ Ah-X-cn-∏n®pw
sXfn- b n- ° p- h mpw kzta- [ bm Hcp ssien
Xmb-º-I-bpsS c≠mw-L-´-Øn¬ ]©m-cn-°q-dnpw
hm¿sØSp°p- h mpw km[n- ° pw. Xmb- º I
sNº-Ip-dnpw {]m[myw ¬Inbpw {]tbm-Kn-°p-
temIsØ hnkva-b-am-bn-cp∂ {io. XrØme tIi-
tºmƒ ]me- °m- S ≥ ssien- b n¬ ta¬∏- d ™
h- s ]m- X p- h mfpw, {io. ]√m- h q¿ A∏p- a m- c mcpw
khn-ti-j-X-Iƒs°m∏w I¿Æm-SIkwKo-X-cw-
AXmWv sXfn-bn-®-Xv.
KsØ kzm[owIqSn Dƒs°m≠v Xmb-º-Isb
]q¿∆- k q- c n- I - f mb {io. ae- a ¬°mhv hnj- b - k w- _ - ‘ n- I - f mb hyh- l m- c - ß - f m¬
tIihs]m-Xp-hm-fpw, {io. ]me-°mSv It√-°p-fßc - k¶o¿Æ-P-Sn-e-am-°p-Ibpw ]ucp-j-`mhw h¿≤n-∏n-
ANyp-X-am-cmcpw Ah-c-h-cpsS tZi-Øns‚ t]cn¬ °p-Ibpw AS-¥-Iq-dnv {]m[myw ¬In {]tbm-
XXv ssien-I-fpsS h‡m-°-fmbn C∂pw ]cn- Kn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. C∂sØ Iem-Im-c-∑m¿
e-kn-°p-∂p. ASn-ÿm--]-c-ambn Ccp-ssi-en-Ifpw AXoh Nn¥m-ti-jn-bp-≈-hcpw Atz-jW IpXp-
kZr-ißsf-¶nepw Ccp-h¿°pw X-Xp-ssi-en-bn¬
- - In- I - f p- a m- b - X n- m¬ Ccp- s si- e n- I - f n- t ebpw
hy‡n-ap{Z ]Xn-∏n-°phmpw, Ht´sd ]n≥X-e-ap-d- kØsb Dƒs°m≠v Xmb-ºI F∂ Iem-cq-
°msc hm¿sØ- S p- ° p- h mpw km[n- ® p. ae- ]sØ ]cn-t]m-jn-∏n-°p-∂p. [mcmfw sN≠-I-em-
a¬°mhp ssien-bpsS XpS¿®-°m-cmbn {io. Xncp- Im-c-∑m-cp-s≠-¶nepw "Xmb-ºI Iem-Im-c-∑m-cmbn'
th-K-∏p-d -cm-a-s]m-Xp-hmƒ, {io. XrØme Ip™n- {it≤-b-cm-Ip-∂-h¿ hfsc Ipd-hm-Wv. PK-Zo-iz-cn-
Ir-jvWs]m-Xp-hmƒ, {io. Ben-∏dºv inh-cm-as]m-
- - - bmb tlamw-_n-I-bpsS Ap-{Klw (Cu-iz-cm-p-
Xp-hmƒ apX-em-b-hcpw, ]me-°m-S≥ ssien-bpsS {K-lw), P∑-kn-≤n, Zo¿Lhpw ITn--hp-amb A`y-
XpS¿®-°m-cmbn {io. NnXen cma-am-cm¿, {io. ]√- k- w, Nn¥m- i - ‡ n, atm- h n- I m- k w, D]m-
» ]fl-m-`-am-cm¿, {io. Im®mw-Ip-dp»n N{I-]m- kmatm- ` m- h w, Xmf- t _m- [ w, {ipXn- t _m[w

49


F∂o khn-tij KpW-ß-fm¬ am{Xw {]tim-`n- h´w Ign-™m¬ c≠mw-Im-e-Øns‚ "c≠v H‰'
°m-hp∂ Hcp Iem-cq-]-amWv "Xmb-ºI'. hfsc sIm´p∂p. H∂mw Ime-Øns‚ Hscm‰bv°v Hcp
sNdn-b-sX∂v tXm∂n-°m-hp∂ yq-X-t]mepw Xmf-h´w ssZ¿Ly-ap-≈-t∏mƒ c≠mw Ime-Øns‚
Xmb-º-Isb kw_-‘n®v hfsc {]k-‡-am-Wv. Hscm‰bv°v 1/2 Xmf-h´w ssZ¿Ly-am-Ip-∂p. c≠mw
sN≠ tXmfn-te-‰n-bp≈ nev]pw {]tbm-K-th-f- Ime- Ø ns‚ cs≠m- ‰ bv°v Hcp Xmf- h ´w
bn¬ ssII-fp-tSXp am{X-a-√, F√m ico-cm-h-b-h- ssZ¿Lyw. XpS¿∂v, c≠mw Ime-Øn¬ FÆsØ
ß-fpsS nebpw KWy-amb {]m[myw ¬Ip-∂p. G‰n-®p-cp-°p-∂p. c≠mw Ime-Øn¬ Hcp XhW
Hcp √ Kpcp-m-Ys‚ Iogn-ep≈ Zo¿L-Im-esØ aq∂m-°p-∂Xnv Hcp Xmf-h´hpw, Hcp XhW c≠m-
-
]cn-ioewsIm≠p am{Xta KpW-ta∑ ssIh-cn- °p-∂-Xnv 3/4 Xmf-h-´hpw, Hcp XhW H∂m°p-
°m-m-hq. ∂-Xnv 1/2 Xmf-h-´hpw hcp-∂p. Cßns c≠v
XhW aq∂v, c≠v XhW c≠v, c≠p XhW H∂v
Xmb-º-I°v ]Xn-Im-ew, Iqdv, CS-Im-ew,
F∂ {Ia-Øn¬ sIm´p-tºmƒ c≠mw Ime-Ønv
t¿tIm¬-˛-C-cp-InS F∂n-ßs mep L´-ß-fm-
BZy c≠p XhW sIm´p∂ H‰bv°v Dƒs∏sS
Wp-≈-Xv. sNºS Xmf-Øn-emWv Xmb-ºI Nn´-
1/2 X 2 + 1 X 2 + 3/4 X 2 + 1/2 X 2 = 1+2+1 1/2+1
s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≈-Xv. sNºS Xmfw, NXp-c-{i--S-bn-
= 5 1/2 Xmf-h´w hcp-∂p. aq∂mw Imew CXns‚
emWv Xmb-º-I-bpsS ]Xn-Im-ew. Xmb-º-I-bpsS
t¿]-IpXn Xmf-h´ ssZ¿Ly-Øn¬ {]tbm-Kn-°p-
apJw AYhm {]mcw` `mKw, ne, men-cń F∂o
∂p. AXm-bXv cs≠m-‰bv°v 1/2 Xmf-h-´w, c≠v
D]-L-´-ß-fn-embn {Ian-I-ßfpw n›n-X-hp-amb
aq∂nv Hcp Xmf-h-´w, c≠v c≠nv 3/4 Xmf-h-´w,
LS--tbm-Sp-Iq-Snb FÆ-ßƒ Hcp ka-Kp-WnX
c≠v H∂nv 1/2 Xmf-h´w Cßns BsI 2 3/4
t{]mt{K-js‚ KWn-Xm-Sn-ÿm--Øn¬ {]tbm-Kn-
Xmf-h´w hcp-∂p. H∂mw Ime-Øns‚ cs≠m‰
°p-∂p. Xmb-º-I°v Ime-an´v ct≠m aqt∂m Xmf-
am{Xw-sImń c≠v, aq∂v Ime-ßƒ apgp-hmbn G‰n-
-
h-´-ßƒs°m≠v {]tbm-‡mhpw kl-{]-h¿Ø- ®p-cp-°n-°-gn-bp-tºmƒ 10 1/4 Xmf-h-´-ßƒ hcp-∂p.
Icpw t{imXm-°fpw Htc Ime-{]-am-W-Øn¬ ebn- aq∂mw-Imew G‰n-®p-cp°n°gn-bp-tºmƒ D≈ Xmf-
®p-tN¿∂m¬, Iem-Im-cs‚ {]mho-Wy-Øn--p-k- h-´-Øn¬ tijn-°p∂ 3/4 Xmf-h-´-Øn¬ FÆ-
cn®v ct≠m aqt∂m atm-[¿Ω-{]-tbm-K-ßƒ Ah- Øns‚ AwisØ h{In®v mev Xpey Awi-ß-
X-cn-∏n®p Ign-™m¬, FÆ-ßƒ G‰n-®p-cp-°p-hm≥ fmbn sIm´p-∂p. Cu L´sØ "h{Iw sIm´pI'
(Hcp km[m-cW ]Z-{]-tbm-Kw) XpS-ßp-∂p. Hmtcm F∂v ]d-bs∏-Sp-∂p. XpS¿∂v memw Imew. sImń-
-
FÆhpw mep Ime-ß-fn-embn kZr-i-kz-`m-h- h-∂ {Ia-a-p-k-cn-®p-Xs∂ memw Ime-Ønv
tØmsS hny-kn-°p-∂p. FÆhpw nebpw IqSn cs≠m‰ Dƒs∏sS G‰n-®p-cp-°p-∂-Xnv 1 3/8 Xmf-
Hcp Xmf-h´w hcp-∂-XmWv H∂mw Imew. Hmtcm h-´-ßƒ hcp-∂p. C{]-Imcw `n∂n-Xmw-i-ambn hcp-
FÆhpw Hmtcm Ime-Ønepw c≠p XhW hoXw ∂-Xn-m¬ {]tbm-K-kp-`-K-X-bv°mbn memw Ime-
Ime-Øn--p-kr-X-amb ssZ¿Ly-Øn¬ sImń-b- Øn¬ c≠p-X-hW H∂v sIm´p-∂-Xnp ]Icw
tijw G‰n-®p-cp-°p-hm≥ Bcw-`n-°p-∂p. G‰n-®p- mep XhW sIm´p-∂p. At∏mƒ memw Imew
cp-°p-∂-Xns‚ {Iaw, c≠v XhW aq∂v ˛ c≠p-X- c≠v H‰ Dƒs∏sS G‰n-®p-cp-°p-tºmƒ 1 5/8 Xmf-
hW c≠v ˛ c≠v XhW H∂v F∂Xm-Wv. S∏p≈ h´ ssZ¿Lyw-h-cp-∂p. tijn-°p∂ 3/8 Xmf-h-´-
k{º-Zm-b-Øn¬ H∂mwImew G‰n-®p-cp-°m-dn-√. Øn¬ aq∂mw Ime-Øn-te-Xp-t]mse FÆ-Øns‚
H∂mw Ime-Øn¬ FÆw c≠p-X-hW sImń, AwisØ mep Xpey-`m-K-ß-fmbn h{In®v {]tbm-
c≠mw Imew XpS-ßp-∂p. AXXp Ime-Øn¬ Kn-°p-∂p. AXm-bXv aq∂mw Imew Ign-™p≈
FÆw c≠p- X - h W sIm´p- ∂ - X nv "c≠v H‰' h{I- Ø nv 3/4 Xmf- h ´ ssZ¿Ly- a p- ≈ - t ∏mƒ,
sIm´pI F∂mWv ]d-™p-h-cp-∂-Xv. H∂mw Ime- memw Imew Ign-™p≈ h{I-Ønv t¿]-Ip-Xn-
Øns‚ c≠v H‰ sIm´p-∂-tXm-Sp-IqSn c≠v Xmf- bmb 3/8 Xmf-h-´-ssZ¿Lyw hcp-∂p. XpS¿∂p≈

50


Hcp Xmf-h´wsIm≠v sImń-h∂ FÆ-Øn--p-kr- sImSpØv c≠v FÆ-ßfpw tImenv {]m[myw
X-ambn Iq¿∏n®v ASpØ FÆ-Øn-te°v IS-°p- sImSpØv c≠v FÆ-ßfpw ap≥]v kqNn-∏n® {Ia-
∂p. CXmWv HscÆw G‰n-®p-cp-°p-∂-Xns‚ kmam- Øn¬ G‰n-®p-cp°n "KW-]Xn ssI' sImń- ]-Xn-
y-cq-]w. Imew F∂ BZy-L´w Ah-km-n-∏n-°p-∂p.
]Xn-Im-e-Øn¬, Xmb-º-I-bpsS a¿Ω-{]-[m- ]Xn-Im-e-Øns‚ XpS¿®-bmbn Xmb-º-I-
-amb `mK-am-Wv, "InS-XnI Xcn-In-SX' F∂ FÆw. bpsS c≠mw L´-amb Iqdn-te°v IS-°p-∂p. NXp-
Cu FÆw G‰n-®p-cp°n Ign-™m¬ {Xn{i S- c-{i--S-bn-em-bn-cp∂ ]Xn-Imew S-t`Zw sNbvXv
bn¬ mep ÿm-ßƒ ImWn®v "ne' F∂ D]- {]tbm- K n- ° p∂ L´- a m- W n- X v . ]©m- c n, sNº,
L-´-Øn-te°v IS-°p-∂p. ne-bpsS XpS-°-Øn¬ AS¥ F∂o aq∂pXcw Iqdp-I-fmWv {]Nm-c-Øn-
Ie-mIm-cs‚ {]mho-Wy-Øn--p-k-cn®v atm-[¿Ω- ep- ≈ - X v . {Xy{iS- b n- e m- s W- ¶ n¬ ]©mcn
ßƒ Ah-X-cn-∏n-®-tijw FÆ-ßƒ sIm´p-hm≥ Iqsd∂pw JWv U - - S - b n- e m- s W- ¶ n¬ sNº- I q-
XpS-ßp-∂p. mev sd∂pw, an{i--S-
FÆ-ß-fmWv bn-em-sW-¶n¬
sIm´m-dp-≈-Xv. AS- ¥ - I q- s d∂pw
1/16, 1/8, 1/4, 1/2 ]d-bp-∂p. sNºS
F∂o Xmf- h - ´ - Xmf-Øns‚
ssZ¿Ly-ap≈ Hmtcm am{X-Ifpw
FÆ-ßfmWv {Ia-
- X Ω n - e p ≈
Øn¬ sImń G‰n- ssZ¿Lyw 5 eLp-
®p-cp-°p-∂-Xv. Cu °ƒ (X-I-X-°n-´)
FÆ- ß ƒ Ign- hoXw hcp∂ (J-
™m¬ ]Xn-Im-e- WvU--S) hmZ
Øns‚ ASpØ coXn-bv°mWv
D]-L-´-amb sNº-°qdv F∂v
"men- c ń'bnte ]d- b p- ∂ - X v . Hcp
°v {]th-in-°p-∂p. mep X°n-´bpw Hcp Xcn-In- Xmf- h - ´ - Ø n¬ 5 X 8 = 40 eLp- ° ƒ hcp- ∂ p.
Sbpw AS-ßp∂ 16 A£-c-ßƒ hcp∂ hmZw tkm]m--k-{º-Zmb Xmf-]-≤-Xn-bn¬ "sNº' Xmf-
Hcp Xmf- h - ´ - Ø n¬ mep XhW sIm´p- ∂ p. Øn-p≈ 10 A£-c-Im-e-Øns‚ KpWn-X-am-b-Xn-
Aßns Hcp Xmf-h-´-Øn¬ 16 X 4 = 64 sIm´p- m-emhmw "sNº-°qdv' F∂v ma-I-cWw sNbvX-
Iƒ hcp-∂p. ASn-ÿm--Xm-f-Øn-p≈ 8 A£-c- Xv. tkm]m k{º-Zm-b-Øn¬ "JWvU-S' F∂-
Øns‚ 4 Ccń (8, 16, 32, 64) Bb-Xn-m-emhmw Xnv "sNº-S' F∂mWv ]d-™p-hcp-∂Xpw. F√m- -
"men-cń' F∂v L´-Ønv t]¿ ¬In-b-Xv. Cu Iqdp-Iƒ°pw ne, men-cń F∂n-ßs c≠v D]-
L´-Øns‚ XpS-°-Øn¬ CS-XpssI sIm≠p-≈ L-´-ß-fm-Wp-≈-Xv. sNº-Iq-dns‚ ne-bn¬ Iem-
mev ÿm-ßƒ°v {]m[myw ¬In atm-[¿Ω- Im-cs‚ {]mho-Wy-Øn--p-k-cn®v KXn-bv°-p-tbm-
]m-S-h-a-p-k-cn®v Ah-X-cn-∏n®tijw hyXykvX Py-amb atm-[¿Ω-ßfpw km[m-c-W-bmbn F√m-
coXn-I-fn¬ men-c-ń-bpsS Cc-ń-bmbn aqt∂m hcpw {]tbm-Kn-°p∂ njvI¿jnX cs≠-Æ-ßƒ
mtem XhW Iem-Im-cs‚ {]mK-¤y-Øn--p-k- (K-Xn-bv°-p-tbm-Py-am-b-h) G‰n-®p-cp°n men-c-ń-
cn®pw km[-I-ip-≤n-bv°-p-k-cn®pw hyh-lm-c-ssh- bn-te°v IS-°p-∂p. sNº-°q-dn¬ men-c-ńbv°v
Z-Kv[y-Øn-p-kcn®pw Ah-Xcn-∏n-°p-∂p. XpS¿∂v,
- - - Hcp Xcn-In-Sbpw c≠p X°n-´bpw (4 + 6 = 10)
men-cń ne-bm°n CS-Xp-ssI-ønv {]m[myw BWv sIm´p-∂-Xv. Hcp Xmf-h-´-Øn¬ C{]-Imcw 8

51


XhW sIm´p-tºmƒ 80 A£cw hcp-∂p. AXm- FÆw G‰n-®p-cp-°p-tºmƒ, aq∂mw-Im-eØn¬ `n∂-
-
bXv 10 X 2 X 4 = 80. Cu men-cń ne-bm°n kwJy (fraction) hcp-∂-Xn-m¬ {]tXyIw Nn´-
aq∂v FÆ-ßƒ G‰n-®p-cp°n sNº-°qdv Iem-in®v s∏-Sp-Ønb coXn-bn-emWv G‰n-®p-cp-°p-∂-Xv. CXv
Xmb-º-I-bpsS aq∂mw-L-´-amb CS-Im-e-Øn-te°v AS-¥-Iq-dns‚ Hcp khn-ti-jX IqSn-bm-Wv. ne-
IS-°p-∂p. bnse FÆw Ign-™m¬ an{i--S-bn¬ Xs∂ CS-
sNº-S-Xm-f-Øns‚ Hmtcm am{Xbv°pw 7 Xp- s sI- s Im- ≠ p≈ mep ÿm- ß ƒ°v
A£cw hoXw hcp∂ 8 X 7 = 56 eLp-°-f-S-ßn- {]m[myw ¬Inb Ah-X-c-W-tØm-Sp-IqSn men-
b-XmWv AS-¥-Iq-dns‚ ASn-ÿm LS-. {]tbm- c-ń-bn-te°v IS-°p-hm≥ Ap-tbm-Py-amb Hmtcm
K-em-fn-Xy-Øn-p-th≠n 3 ki-_vZ-{In-b-Ifpw 1/2 Xmf-h´w hoXw hcp∂ mep-Xcw kwK-Xn-Iƒ Nn´-
ni-_vZ-{In-bbpw AS-ßp∂ 4 L´-ß-fmbn sNº- s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Ch mepw Xn®pw H∂n®p
S-Xm-f-e-£W kZr-i-ambn Xs∂ (h-ew-X-e-bn¬ tN¿Øpw {]tbm-Kn®v men-c-ń-bn-te°v IS-°p-∂-
Xmfw ]nSn-°p∂hn[w A]-{K-Yn-®m¬ t_m≤y-am- Xm-Wv, ne-hn¬ Ap-h¿Øn®ph-cp∂ coXn. men-
hpw) cq]]cn-Wmaw hcpØn Xmfw ]nSn-°p-∂p. c- ´ nbv ° v c≠p X°n- ´ bpw c≠p Xcn- I n- S bpw
AXm-bXv 3 1/2 X 4 = 14 am{X ne-bpsS L´-Øn¬ (6+8=14) Dƒs∏-Sp∂ 14 sIm´p-Iƒ hcp-∂p. C{]-
Hcp Xmf-h-´-Øn¬ 14 hoXw 4 XhW {]tbm-Kn- Imcw 4 XhW Hcp Xmf-h-´-Øn¬ {]tbm-Kn-°p-
°p-tºmƒ 14 X 4 = 56 sIm´p-Iƒ hcp-∂p. tkm]m tºmƒ 14 X 4 = 56 sIm´p-I-fm-bn. AXm-bXv ASn-
k{º-Zmb Xmf-]-≤-Xn-bn¬ "AS¥' Xmf-Øn-p≈ ÿm Xmf-kw-Jybmb 14-˛s‚ 4 Cc-ń. ]Xn-Im-e-
14-˛s‚ KpWn-X-am-b-Xn-m-emhmw "AS-¥-Iqdv' F∂v Øn-te-Xp-t]mse AS-¥-Iq-dnepw men-c-ń-bpsS
]d-™p-h-cp-∂-Xv. ne-bpsS L´-Øn¬ atm-[¿Ω Ccń {]tbm-Kn°mdp≠v. 28 A£-c-ß-f-S-ßp∂ 4
{]tbm-K-Øn-p≈ km≤yX hfsc IqSp-X-ep≠v Bh¿Øn (28 X 4 = 112)bmWv {]tbm-Kn-°m-dp-≈-
AS-¥-Iq-dn¬. A£-c-Ime ssZ¿Lyw IqSp-X-ep- Xv. hfsc hnc-f-ambn am{Xta Cßs {]tbm-Kn-
≈-Xn-mepw an{i--S-bpsS khn-ti-j-X-bmepw °m-dp-≈q. Cu L´-am-hp-tºm-tg°pap≈ Xmf-˛-Im-
Iem-Im--cs‚ ]mWvUn-Xy-Øn--p-k-cn®v {]tbm- e-Øns‚ {ZpX-K-Xn, {]tbm-K-Øn-ep≈ kv]pS-
Kn-°m-p≈ km≤yX [mcm-f-am-Wv. b»:ico-c-mb Xbv°pw XZzmcm Bkzm-Zy-Xbv°pw aß-te-ev]n-
Xmb-ºIhnZzm≥ {io. Xncp-hn-√zm -ae Ipg-¥-kzman °p- s a- ∂ - X n- m¬ hnap- J X ImWn- ° m- d p- ≠ v .
AS-¥-Iq-dns‚ hnIm-k-Øns‚ D]-⁄m-Xm-hmbn XnI™ Ime-{]-am-W-tØmsS Xmfw ]nSn-°m-hp-
Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. At±-l-Øns‚ injy-mb Xmb- ∂-hsc HØpIn-ń-bm¬ Cu {]tbmKw hfsc
ºI Ipe-]Xn {io. ]√m-hq¿ A∏p-am-cm¿ AS-¥- Bkzm-Zy-I-c-am-Wp-Xm-pw. men-c-ń, ne-bm°n
Iq-dn¬ {]tbm-Kn-®n-cp∂ hymh-lm-cnI hnj-b-ßƒ cs≠-Æ-ßƒ G‰n-®p-cp°n Iem-in®v CS-Im-e-Øn-
AXoh al-Ø-c-am-bn-cp-∂p. BbXv hne-bn-cp-Øp- te°v {]th-in-°p-∂-XmWv AS-¥-Iq-dns‚ kmam-
hmpw {]iw-kn-°p-hmpw hm°p-Iƒ A]-cym-]vX- y-L-S-.
am-Wv. A¤p-Xm-h-l-amb {]tbm-K-ß-fm-bn-cp∂p sNº-S-Xmfw ]©mcn ({Xn-{i) S-bn-emWv
At±-l-Øn-t‚-Xv. At±-l-Øns‚ hmZ--ssien ]©m-cn-Iq-dv. F∂m¬ ]©m-cn-Iq-dn¬ hmZw 7˛s‚
B[m-c-am°n ]ecpw Xmgv∂ Ime-Øn¬ Ah-- KpWn- X - ß - f mbn hcp∂ coXn- b n- e mWv {]tbm-
hs‚ ]cn-[n-bn-ep≈ {]tbmKw ImgvN-sh-bv°p-∂p- Kn®phcp-∂-Xv. BbXv 6˛s‚ KpWn-X-ß-fm-bm-
ap-≠v. CØcw atm-[¿Ω{]tbm-K-ßƒ°v XpS¿®- Wt√m htc-≠-Xv. Cu Aimkv{XobX-sb-bmWv
bmbn FÆw G‰n-®p-cp-°p-hm≥ Bcw-`n-°p-∂p. ne- {io. ]√m-hq¿ A∏p-am-cm¿ tNmZyw sNbvXn-cp-∂Xpw
bn¬ HscÆ-amWv km[m-c-W-bmbn sIm´m-dp-≈- ]©m-cn-Iq-dns‚ Aÿn-XzsØ Xs∂ ntj-[n-
Xv. cq]-]-cn-Wmaw hcp-Ønb Xmf-Øns‚ LS- ®n-cp-∂-Xpw. Xs∂-bp-a-√, ne-hn-ep≈ ]©m-cn-Iqdv
bv°v Ap-tbm-Py-ambn an{i-S B[m-c-am°n am{X-ambn {]tbm-Kn®v c≠mw-L´w Ah-km-n-∏n-

52


°p∂ Iogvhg-°-hp-an-√. ne-hn-ep≈ ]©m-cn-Iq- °mpw ]©m-cn-Iq-dnv imkv{X-bp-‡-amb X-
dnv XpS¿®-bmbn sNº-Iqdv (A-]q¿∆w kµ¿`- Xmb AkvXnXzw evIm-p-ap≈ Hcp {iaw Cu
ß-fn¬ AS-¥-Iq-dv) IqSn Ah-X-cn-∏n® tijta Ffnb teJ-I≥ 2005 hw-_¿ 6˛v S-Øn. Xmb-
aq∂mw-L-´-amb CS-Im-e-Øn-te°v {]th-in-°m-dp- ºItemIsØ BNm-cy-ÿm-o-bpw {ihy-kp-µ-
≈q. Bb-Xns‚ Imc-Whpw hy‡-am-Wv. a‰v Iqdp- c-ambn ]©m-cn-Iqdv Ah-X-cn-∏n®v {it≤-bpw IqSn-
I-fn-te-Xp-t]mse "Iqdv' F∂ L´-Ønv An-hm- bmb Xmb-ºIIpe-]Xn {io. Ben-∏-dºv inh-cm-
cy-amb LS-Ißƒ ]©m-cn-Iq-dn-en-√. hmZ-{I-ahpw
- - a-s]m-Xp-hmƒ, kp{]-kn≤ Xmb-ºIhnZ-Kv[≥ {io.
imkv{Xo-b-Xbv°v hncp-≤-am-Wv. ]©mcn ({Xn{i) I√q¿ cma≥Ip´namcm¿, taf-hn-Z-Kv[≥ {io. s]cp-
KXn-bn¬ th≠ hmZw ne-bpsS L´-Øn¬ an{i- hw Ip´≥amcm¿, XnanehnZzm≥ {io. tIfØv Ip´-
K-Xn-bn¬ S-Øp-∂p. men-c-´n-bn¬ 6 A£cw ∏-am-cm¿, hmZy-hn-N-£-W-∑m-cmb {io. ]≈-tØcn
hoXw 8 Xh-Wtbm 12 A£cw hoXw 4 Xh-Wtbm ºym-Ø≥ ºq-Xn-cn, {io. sI.-]n.-kn. `´-Xn-cn-
imkv { X- b p‡ym ∏mSv XpSßn
{]tbm- K n- t °- ≠ n- [mcmfw {]kn-≤-
SØv Hcp X°n- cmb Iem- I m- c -
´bpw Hcp Xcn-In- ∑mcpw Item- ] m-
Sbpw BIp∂ (3 k- I cpw AS-
+ 4) Gg-£cw 8 ßp∂ hnZz-Xvk-Z-
XhW {]tbm-Kn- ns km£n-
°p-tºmƒ 7 X 8 = bm°n PK-Zo-iz-cn-
56 sIm´p-Iƒ hcp- bmb tlamw-_n-I-
∂p. a±-f-I-em-Im-c- bpsS Xncp-k-∂n-
∑m¿ ]©m-cn-Iqdv [n- b n¬ ]©m- c n-
sIm´p-tºmƒ C{]- Iq-dnv imkv{X-bp-
Imcw Aim-kv{Xo- ‡-amb Hcp hmZ-
b-am-b√, {]tbm-Kn-
- -coXn Bhn-jv°-
°p- ∂ - X v. ne- cn®v Ah- X - c n- ∏ n-
bnepw men- c - ´ n- b nepw 6˛s‚ KpWn- X - ß - f mbn ®p. kZ- n¬ ]©-hmZyhnZzm≥amcmb {io. Iem-
Xs∂-bmWv {]tbm-K-co-Xn. Bb-Xn-m-emWv {io. a-WvUew ]c-ta-iz-cam-cm¿, ]d-bv°mSv X¶-∏am-cm¿,
-
]√m-hq¿ A∏p-am-cm¿ sN≠-°m¿°v "]©m-cn-Iqdv' tImßmSv hnP-b≥, Icn-b-∂q¿ mcm-b-W≥ºq-
F∂v H∂ns√∂pw ne- h n- e p≈ ]©m- c n- I qdv Xncn XpSßn [mcmfw {]K-¤-cp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Xmb-
At±lw {]tbm-Kn-°m-Xn-cp-∂n-cp-∂-Xpw. Cu teJ- º-Isb kw_-‘n®v ]q¿∆-kq-cn-Iƒ n›-bn®
Iv Ffnb A`n-{]m-b-`n-∂-X-bp-≠v. ne-hn-ep≈ Xmf-L-S--bn¬ am‰w hcp-Øp-hm≥ Ωƒ°[n-Im-
]©m-cn-Iq-dns‚ {]tbm-K-co-Xn-bn¬ Aim-kv{Xo-b- c-an-√. BbXv sNbvXm¬ "Xmb-ºI' A√m-Xm-bn-
X-bp≠v F∂-Xn-tmSv tbmPn-°p-∂p-s≠-¶nepw Xo-cpw. ]©m-cn-°q-dns‚ hmZ--k-{º-Zm-b-Øn-emWv
sN≠-bn¬ ]©m-cn-Iq-dn√ F∂v hmZn-°p-∂Xv A]m- I - X . hmZw {Xn{i (]- © m- c n) S- b n¬
"{Xn{i' (]-©m-cn) S Fs∂m-∂n√ F∂v ]d-bp- Xs∂ Nn´-s∏-Sp-Øn {]tbm-Kn-°p-∂-XmWv ]pXnb
∂-Xn-tmSv Xpey-am-hnt√? BbXv kzoIm-cy-a- hmZ ssien. ]©mcnIqdns‚ ne-bn¬ Xmf-
√t√m? Øns‚ Hmtcm am{X-bnepw aq∂p sIm´p-Iƒ hoXw
Hcp Xmf-h-´-Øn¬ 8 X 3 = 24 sIm´p-Iƒ hcp∂
]©m-cn-Iq-dnv ]pXnb ]cn-t{]£y hn[-Øn-emWv kwhn-[mw sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
ta¬ kqNn-∏n® Aim-kv{Xo-bX ]cn-l-cn- ]Xn-Im-e-Øn-s‚bpw a‰v c≠v Iqdp-I-fp-tS-bpw LS-

53


-bv°-p-tbm-Py-ambn 6 X 4 = 24 A£-c-ßƒ amb t¿tIm¬- ˛ - C - c p- I n- S - b n- t e°v IS- ° p- ∂ p.
hcp-∂p. Hmtcm FÆw Ah-km-n-°p-tºmgpw {Iam-p-K-X-
]Xn-Imew ˛ NXp-c-{i-S ˛ 8 X 4 = 32 A£cw ambn Xmf-Øn-t‚bpw hmZ--Øn-t‚bpw thKX
h¿≤n-∏n®v kv]jvS-amb {ih-Wm-fl-IX jvS-s∏-
sNº-Iqdv ˛ JWvU-S ˛ 5 X 4 = 20 A£cw
SmØ Ime-Øn¬ thWw Iem-in-°m≥. CS-Im-e-
(Hmtcm eLp-hnepw 5 hoXw 5 X 8 = 40 A£-cw) Øn¬ n∂pw ASpØ L´-Øn-te°v IS-°p-tºmƒ
AS-¥-Iqdv ˛ an{i-S ˛ 7 X 4 = 28 A£cw k¿∆-eLp ne-n¿Øm≥ {]tXyIw {i≤n-t°-
men-c-ń-bn¬: ≠-Xp-≠v. Ah-km L´-Ønv t¿tIm¬ F∂pw
]Xn-Imew ˛ 4 X°n´ 1 Xcn-InS ˛ BsI 16 A£cw Ccp-InS F∂pw c≠v D]-L-´-ß-fm-Wp-≈-Xv. Cu
Ime-Ønepw GI-Xm-f-amWv ]nSn-°p-∂-sX-¶nepw
sNº-Iq-dv ˛ 2 X°n´ 1 Xcn-InS ˛ BsI 10 A£cw
sNº-S-Xm-f-h-´-Ønv nP-s∏-Sp-Øn-bmWv hmZ-w.
AS-¥Iqdv ˛2 X°n´ 2 Xcn-InS ˛ BsI 14 A£cw
- Xmf-Ønv CS-™mWv hmZw F∂Xv {it≤-b-
Cu {Ia-a-p-k-cn®v ]©m-cn-Iq-dns‚ ne-bn¬ htc- am-Wv. c≠v {]tXyI coXn-Ifn¬ Xmf-Ønv CS™v
-
≠p∂ sIm´p-I-fpsS FÆw 6X4=24 Dw men-c-ń- nebpw AXn¬ n›nX FÆ- ß fpw sImń
bn¬ 6X2X4 = 48 Dw BIp-∂p. Hmtcm L´- Ø n- t ‚bpw am‰- Ø n- n- S - b n¬ Xmf-
ho-I-cn® hmZ--{Iaw Øns‚ thKX Cc-ń-∏n®v (Iq-ń-s∏-cp-°¬) AXn¬
CS™v sImń- b - t ijw t¿tIm¬ ne- b n¬
ne-bn¬:
n∂pw Ccp- I nS (ssI- ° pg adn- ® p- s Im- ´ p∂
UvVnI In-, UvVnI In-, UvVnI In- "ASvXf') bnte°v IS-°p-∂p. Ccp-In-S-bn¬ hyh-
, UvVnI In ÿm-]n-X-amb coXn-bn¬ 4 FÆ-ßƒ sImń, CS-
men-c-ń-bn¬ Xp-ssI-sIm≠v am{X-am-bp≈ "hI' sIm´p∂tXmSp-
-X-cn-In-S-In--In-S-Xn-I, -X-cn-In-S-In--In-S-Xn-I, IqSn hmZ--Ønv L-Kmw-òcyw h¿≤n-∏n®v {ih-
-X-cn-In-S-In--In-S-Xn-I, -X-cn-InSIn-In-S-XnI Wm-fl-IX jvS-s∏-SmØ Ime-Øn¬ Iem-in-°p-
ne-hn¬ {]Nm-c-Øn-ep≈ ]©m-cn-Iq-dn¬ {]tbm- ∂-XmWv kmam-y-amb LS-.
Kn®phcm-dp≈ atm-[¿Ω-ßƒ°v kam--am-bh tkm]m Xmf-hmZy k{º-Zm-b-a-p-k-cn®v
{Xn{i--S-bn¬Xs∂ {]tbm-Kn-°p∂p. ImenSw (Xm- Xmf-hm-Zy-ß-fpsS {]tbm-K-co-Xn-bn¬ Hcp {]tXy-
f-h-´-Øns‚ 1/4 `mKw) hoXw ssZ¿Ly-ap≈ aq∂v I-X-bp-≠v. a‰v kwKoX ]≤-Xn-I-fn¬ n∂pw hn`n-
FÆ-ßƒ {Xn{i--S-bn-te°v KXn-t`Zw sNbvXv ∂-ambn Xmf-Øn-t‚bpw XmfsØ ASn-ÿm--am-
{]tbm-Kn®pw men-c-ń-bn¬ a‰v c≠v Iqdp-I-fnepw °n-bp≈ hmZ--Øn-t‚bpw thKX kam-¥-c-ambn
{]tbm-Kn-°p∂ aq∂v FÆ-ßƒ {Xn{i-Sbn¬ Nn´- - - h¿≤n-®v Hcp kvXq]n-I-bpsS amXrI ({i-hy-tKm-
s∏-SpØn {]tbm-Kn®pw 48 X 2 = 96 sIm´p-Iƒ Hcp ]p-cw) ssIs°m-≈p-∂Xv ImWmw. CsXmcp tIc-
Xmf-h-´-Øn¬ hc-Ø-°-hn[w men-c-ń-bpsS Cc- fob Xn-a-bm-Wv. as‰m-∂v, Xmfw ]nSn-°p-∂-Xp-
ń-Imew {]tbm-Kn®pw ]©m-cn-Iq-dnv X-Xmb ]cn- sIm≠v Ime-KW am{X-a√ e£y-am-°p-∂Xv;
]q¿Æ AkvXnXzw ÿm]n®v ]q¿Æmw-K-ß-tfmsS Xmfw ]nSn-°p∂ i_vZw-IqSn hmZ--Øns‚ AwK-
Iem-in®v CS-Im-e-Øn-te°v IS-°p-∂-XmWv {Iaw. am-Ip-∂p. AXn-m¬ Xmfw ]nSn-°p-∂-Xn-t‚-bpw
hmZ-Øn-t‚bpw i_vZßfpsS {ipXn-kmayw Iem-
- - -
]Xn- I m- e - Ø npw Iqdnpw XpS¿®- b mbn
aq∂mw L´-amb CS-Im-eØn-te°v IS-°p-∂p. GI-
- cq-]-Øns‚ anI-hnv am‰p-Iq-´p-∂p. CXpw tIc-fo-b-
X°v am{Xw Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sm-hp∂ khn-ti-j-X-I-
Xm-f-amWv ]nSn-°p-∂-sX-¶nepw sNº-S-Xm-f-Ønv
¢n]vX-s∏-Sp-Øn-bmWv hmZ-w. CS-Im-e-Øn¬ hyh- fn-sem-∂m-Wv.
ÿm-]n-Xamb FÆ-ßƒ G‰n-®p-cp°n memw L´-
- Xmb-ºI Iem-in-®m¬ ]qPm-ka¿∏W kam-
-

54


-ambn Ap-h¿Øn-®p-h-cp∂ Hcp NS-ßmWv 1 1/ tSbpw A{im¥ ]cn-{i-a-Øn-eq-sSbpw am{Xta
2 sNº-S-Xm-f-h´ ssZ¿Ly-ap≈ "Xocv' sIm´¬. {]tbm‡mhmIm≥ km≤y-am-Iq. {KŸ-]m-cm-b-W-
KW-]Xn {]Xo-I-am-bp≈ k‘y-the hnf°v Cu Øn-eqsS o¥¬°m-c-m-hm≥ km≤y-a-√-t√m.
NS-ßnpti-jta am‰m-hq. CtXmsS Cu hnin-jvS-
A`n-{]mb`n∂-X-I-fp-≠m-Imw. bp‡n-k-l-am-
I-em-cq]w Cuiz-cm¿∏n-X-am-Ip-∂p.
bh kzoI-cn-°p-hm≥ kZm PmK-cq-I-m-Wv. hnZ-
Cu Ffnb A`n-{]m-b-ßƒ Xmb-º-I°v Kvt≤m-]-tZ-i-ßfpw Btcm-Ky-I-c-amb hna¿i--
apt∂m-Sn-bm-bp≈ Hcp k‘y-th-e-sIm-´¬ am{Xta ßfpw Dƒs°m-≈m≥ _≤-{i-≤-mbn hn-b-]p-c-
Bhp- ∂ p- ≈ q. imkv { Xo- b - a mb A`ym- k - Ø n- e q- cw klr-Z-b-cpsS ap∂n¬ ka¿∏n-°p-∂p.

It√-Ip-f-ßc ANyp-X≥Ipń amcm¿ :˛ Xmb-º-I-bn¬ thdn´ hgn-IƒsIm≠v {it≤-b-mb
Iem-Im-c≥. 1960 sabv 1˛v ]me-°mSv Pn√-bnse It√-Ip-f-ß-c-bn¬ Pn®p. A—≥˛It√-Ip-f-ßc
Ing-t°-am-cmØv tKmhn-µ-am-cm¿. AΩ˛ Xr»q¿ t]cmawKew Cu®-cØv amcmØv e£van-°pń amcm-kym¿.
Bdmw hb- n¬ A—≥ "KW-]-Xnss°' sImń-®p. A—s‚ Iogn¬ Xmb-ºI ]Tn®v HºXmw hb n¬
tlamw-_nIm t£{X-k-∂n-[n-bn¬ Ac-tß‰w S-Øn. XpS¿∂v, am¶p-dp»n A∏-am-cm¿ F∂ oe-I-WvT-
am-cm-cpsS Iogn¬ Xmb-º-Ibpw hnhn[ taf-ßfpw hnkvX-cn®p ]Tn-®p. 11-˛mw hb p apX¬ hmZy-cw-
KØv kPo-hw. NnX-en-cm-a-am-cm¿, ]√-» ]fl-m-`-am-cm¿, ]√m-hq¿ A∏p-am-cm¿, XrØme tIi-h-s]m-
Xp-hmƒ, ]√m-hq¿ Ip™p-°p-´-am-cm¿ F∂o AXn-Im-b¿s°m∏w t∂ sNdp-∏-Ønte Cc-´-Xm-b-ºI sImń-bn-´p-≠v.
C∂sØ {]apJ Xmb-º-I-°m¿s°m-∏hpw Cc-´-Xm-b-ºI sImń-h-cp-∂p. Xmb-ºI {][m--amb BtLmj ÿe-ß-fn-
se√mw sIm´m≥ km[n-®n-´p-≠v. It√-°p-f-ßc tlamw-_nIm t£{X-Øn¬ ]mc-ºcy ]qP-sIm´v ASn-b-¥nc {]hrØn S-
Øn-h-cp-∂p. 1990 apX¬ AI-tØ-Ød {_m©v t]mÃvam-Ã¿, 1990-˛¬ It√-Ip-f-ßc tlamw-_nIm t£{X-Øn¬ sh®v,
]me-°m-´p-t»cn tiJ-cn-h¿Ω hen-bcmPm "]mWn-hm-Zy-IemWn' F∂ ]´w ¬In BZ-cn-®p. 2005-˛¬ apwss_ "tIfn' kmwkv°m-
- -
cnI kwL-S "Io¿ØniwJv ' kΩm-n-®p.

Evãtöx
ckjbfäTx ofbmX GòªTx Zjg cCfTx aìùlvëãfwbòªx Evãtöx
GçeãfjfTgÿleCx. Evkägsë FóØbfYb~äeã aòeJx, svÖx,
MqTj, hBX, kjfêx FbãeCx vwkgÿlx. Evãtöfw hRgaòjez
EùiufTgÿbq DÖh¥ambemcflfãgceãf yÀsh¥aëçleCx.

MvfãeBxòªaleJgcgú vfJcen, bfäTgbãxh¥x Sÿfb
vëègbez Y©pv~ägsë
mueãmukjC~W ùhlrìfòªgskeúgÿg.

55


taf-I-e-bnse ssieo-t`-Z-ßƒ
v tUm: F≥.-]n. hnP-b-Ir-jvW≥ v
tIc-f-Øns‚ nkvXpe i_vZ-I-e-bmWv -Øn--p-k-cn®v tafsØ {Ia-s∏-SpØn F∂p-Im-
tafw. ImgvNbv°pw tIƒhn°pw Aº-c-∏p-≠m- Wmw. Xmb-º-I-bn¬ {]K¬`-cmb ]ecpw √ taf-
°p∂ Ie. ka-b-kw-hn-[m--a-p-k-cn®v ]pe-cp∂ °m¿°q-Sn-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Xncp-th-K-∏pd cma-s∏m-Xp-
AXn-hn-in-jvS-amb kwL-I-e-bm-W-Xv. qtdmfw hmƒ, XrØm- e - Ip- ™ n- I r- j v W - s ∏m- X p- h mƒ,
t]¿h-cp∂ ]pcp-jmcw sIm´p-I-e-bn¬ ]¶mfnI- NnXen cma-am-cm¿, ]√-» ]fl-m-`-am-cm¿, ]√m-
fm-hp-∂p. auen-I]q-cßƒ°v taf-amWv {][m-amb
- - - hq¿ A∏p-am-cm¿, Ben-∏-dºv inh-cm-a-s∏m-Xp-hmƒ,
hmZ- - I - e . taf- Ø n- mbn ImXp- s Im- S p- ° p∂
Bƒ°q´w D’-h-°m-gvN-bp-am-Ip-∂p.
sN≠-ta-f-Ønv aln-X-amb ]mc-º-cyw- D-≠v.
taf- N - c n- { X- Ø n¬ alm- ∑ m- c mbh¿ Pohn- ® p
AhcpsS hmZ- - s sh- ` - h - Ø n- e qsS hf¿∂p
hnImkw {]m]n-®-XmWv C∂sØ tafw. Ah¿
cq]-s∏-Sp-Ønb ssiensb Imem-p-kr-X-am°p∂p
]pXnb sIm´p-Im¿. Ime-{]-hm-l-Øn¬ ne-bv°m-
sX-t]m-Ip∂p ΩpsS i_-ZvI-e-Iƒ. BVy-Xzw-
sIm≠v taf-Ie AXns‚ sshinjvSyw ImØp-
t]m-cp-∂p-≠v. taf-{]-am-Wn°v BZ-cw-¬Ip∂ Ah-
ÿ-bn-em-bn´p≠v klr-Zb kaq-lw. C∂-bm-fpsS ]q°m-Sncn Znhm-I-c-s∏m-Xp-hmƒ F∂n-h¿ √ taf-
tafw F∂v hne-bn-cp-Ø-s∏-Sp-∂p-ap≠v. Bkzm-Z-- n-b-{¥n-Xm-°ƒ°q-Sn-bm-bn-cp-∂p. tafw {][m--
Øns‚ ASn-ÿm--Øn¬ tIc-f-Øn¬ ]pe-cp∂ ambn FSp-Ø-h¿ Xmb-ºI cwKØv {]k-‡-cm-b-
taf-ssi-en-I-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ Hcp hnNm-c-amWv Cu Xmbn ImWp∂p-an-√.
teJw e£yw-h-bv°p-∂-Xv. hSt° ae-_m¿, tImgn-t°m-Sv, Gd-m-Sv,
Xriq-cmWv taf-`qan F∂mWv hnizm-kw. taf- h≈p-hm-Sv, ]me-°m-Sv, Xriq¿, Xriq-cn-‰w ˛ Cß-
-
sb `qan- i m- k v { X- ] - c - a mbn tafw- s Im- ´ - e nepw
°m-cpsS Ncn-{X-Øn¬ Xriq¿°m-cmb taf-°m-
tIƒhn-bnepw hyXy-kvX-X-Iƒ D≠v. IS-∂-∏≈n
cmWv A[n-I-ambn hne-bn-cp-Ø-s∏-Sp-I. tIc-f-
i¶-c≥Ip-ń-am-cmcpsS tafw hSt° ae-_m-dnse
Ønse hyXy-kvX-`m-K-ß-fn¬ hnhn[ ssien-I-
sIm´p-{]-Im-c-Øns‚ i_vZ-km-£y-am-Wv. P∑w-
fn-emWv tafw ]pe-cp-∂-Xv. apºpw Aßn-s-bm-bn- sIm≠v hSt° ae-_m-dp-Im-c-s-¶nepw, sImń¬
cp- ∂ p. Ipa- c - ] p- c Øv A∏p- a m- c m- c psS ssien- h≈p-h-m-S≥ ap{Z kzoI-cn® a´-∂q¿ i¶c≥Ip-ń-
bmbncp∂n√ ]q°m-Sncn cma-s∏m-Xp-hm-fp-tS-Xv. bpsS coXn -C-X√ F∂pw {it≤-b-am-Wv. Iem-Im-
N°w-Ipfw A∏p-am-cm-cpsS k{º-Zm-b-am-bn-cp-∂n√ c≥ Pohn-°p∂ kmwkv°m-cnI ]cn-kcamWv Abm- - -
sIm≠w-h≈n Ip™n-Ir-jvW-am-cm-cp-tS-Xv. Ben- fnse Iesb nb-{¥n-°p-∂Xpw n¿Æ-bn-°p-
∏-dºv inh-cm-a-s∏m-Xp-hm-fpsS hgn-bmbncp∂n√ ∂Xpw F∂p ]d-bmw. AXmXptZi-ßfpsS t_m[- -
]√m-hq¿ A∏p-am-cm-cp-tS-Xv. Xrt∏-°pfw ANyp-X- ]q¿∆-amb kzm[ow Abm-fn¬ D≠m-Ipw. tImgn-
am-cm-cpsSbpw ]√-» s]m∂p-Ip-´-am-cm-cp-tSbpw t°m-S≥ `mK-ß-fnse t]meqcv cma-N-{µ-am-cm-cpsS
am¿§w H∂mtWm? Cßs tm°p- t ºmƒ taf-Ønv `mKn-I-am-sb-¶nepw ImWp∂ hyXym-k-
A°mew Pohn-®n-cp-∂-h¿ Xß-fpsS emh-Wy-Z¿i- Ønv ASn-ÿm in£-W-°-f-cn-bmb t]mcq¿

56


If-cn-tbm-SmWv IS-∏m-Sv. ae-a-°mhv k{º-Zm-b-Øn- cm[m-Ir-jvWpw taf-{]-am-Wn-bmbn t]sc-SpØp
emWv t]mcq¿ ktlm-Z-c-∑m¿ Xmb-ºI ]Tn-®n-´p- Ign-™p.
≈-Xv. Ah-cpsS taf-Øn¬ Cu ssien kz`m-hn-I- D’-h-Im-eØv taf-ßƒ [mcm-f-ambn ]pe-
am-Wv. Gd-m-S≥ ssien-bn¬ sImń-t∏m∂ Icn- cpw. ]t£ BcpsS tafw? {]am-Wn-bpsS ssien
°mSv A∏p-am-cm-cpsS injy≥ at©cn lcn-Zm-kn¬ ]n¥p- S - c m≥ kwLmw- K - ß ƒ°v Ign- b ptam?
ImWp-∂Xv B sIm´p-h-gn-b-√. AXnv Ben-∏-dºv {]amWn n›-bn-°p∂ hew-X-e, Xmfw, sImºv,
_mWn-tbm-SmWv kmZr-iyw. Xr{]-tßmSv ]c-ta- Ipdpw-Ip-g¬, Dcp-´p-sN-≠°m¿. CXp-km-[y-am-hptam?
-
iz-c-am-cm-cpsS tafw IrXy-n-jvT-X-bn¬ Du∂p-∂p. At∏mƒ Hmtcm taf-Ønepw hn`n-∂-amb emh-Wy-
h≈p-h-m-S≥ tafssien-bpsS Ipeo--amb _e- t_m-[ap-≈hcmWv Hcpanbv°p-∂Xv. Xmfw, ho°≥
- - - -
`-{Z-X-bmWv F¨]Xpw IS∂ Icn-ºp-g -tKm-]n-s∏m- sN≠, Ipdpw-Ip-g¬, sImºv F∂o taJ-e-I-fnepw
Xp-hm-fpsS sImńs‚ ImX¬. AXnv ]mc-º-cy-i- {]am-Wn-am-cp-≠v. Ah¿ taf-{]-am-Wn-am-cmbn AwKo-
‡n-bp-≠v. kn≤n-bp-≠v. kmt¶-Xn-I-am-W-Xv. ]pXp- I-cn-bv°-s∏-Sp∂pw C√. ssieo-t`-Z-ß-fpsS kΩn-
°-ßfn¬ {àn-°p-∂n√ ]√-»- s]m-∂p-°p-ám-cm¿.
- - - {i-X-bmWv taf Ie-bpsS kuµcyw F∂phcp-∂p.
]me-°m-S≥ ańs‚ kz`m-h-a-ln-a-bp-≠-Xn¬. It√-
°p-f-ßc ANyp-X≥Ip-ń-am-cm-cn-ep-atX ]me-°mSv F¶nepw sN≠-ta-f-Øn¬, sN≠-bn¬ GIo-
k{º-Zm-b-Øns‚ kpj-a-I-fmWv ImWp-∂-Xv. taf- Ir- X - a mb Hcp taf- s sien ImWp- ∂ n- √ .
Øns‚ ]mT-Øn¬ ⁄mn-bmWv It√-°p-f-ß-c. "tZio'bamb hyXym-k-ßƒ AXn¬ ImWp∂pw
a´-∂q¿ i¶-c≥Ipń anI® Xmb-º-I-°m-scbpw D≠v. tImgn-t°m´v c≠p-]-¥n-ta-f-sams° ImWmw.
IY-I-fn-s°m-´p-Im-scbpw Dƒs∏-SpØn ]pXn-sbmcp s]cp-hw S-h-gn-bnse taf-Øn¬ n∂v XnI®pw
taf kwkv°mcw cq]-s∏-SpØn FSp-Øp. H∂mw hyXy-ÿw. Nne -tafÿe-ß-fn¬ Nne¿ ÿnc-am-
nc Xmb-º-I-°mscs°m≠v kº-∂-amb tafw- bn-sIm-´p-∂p. as‰mcp kwL-Ønv AhnsS Ac-
Iq-Sn-bmbn AXv amdn. Xmb-º-I-bnse kuµ-cy- ßn-√. CXv ÿe-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ Nne ]£-
t_m[w taf-Ønepw ImØp-t]m-cm≥ km[n-°p-∂- ]m-X-ß-fmbn ImWmw. taf-Ønv hn[n-bv°-s∏´
Xp-sIm-≠mWv i¶¿Ip-ń-am-cm-cpsS tafw {ipXn-kp- Nne ÿe-ßƒ, Aß-s-sbm-∂n-√. taf-Ønse
`-Kam-hp-∂Xv. AXn-smcp Imev]n-IXbp-≠v. taf-
- - - - - ka-b-kw-hn-[mnb-{¥-Whpw {]mam-Wn-I-Xbpw
Øns‚ ¢mkn-°¬ Nn´- s]cp-h-w-Ip-´s tafm- tXr-Kp-Whpw Iem-fl-I-X-bp-amWv Hcmsf {]am-
kzm-Z-I¿°v {]nbw-I-c-m-°p-∂p. {]ap-J-ta-f-ßƒ Wn-bm-°p-∂-Xv. GIo-Ir-X-amb Hcp taf-ssien
{]am-Wn®v taf-_nw_-ambnamdm-≥ s]cp-h--Øn-p- ChnsS Bh-iy-amtWm? AtXm ssieo-t`-Z-ß-
km-[n-®p. s]cp-hw kXois‚ tafw ss]Xr-I- fmtWm taf-I-e-bpsS ne-n¬∏nv KpWamhpI?
Øns‚ {]k-‡n- hn-fn-®-dn-bn-°p-∂p. sNdp-t»-cn- Cu t`Z-ßƒ kwc-£n-°-s∏-tS-≠-Xm-Wv. hS-t°-
°p-´pw, ]gp-h¬ cLphpw Xriq¿ taf-kw-kvIr- a-e-_m¿ apX-ep≈ tXr-ÿm-n-Isf Hcpan-∏n®v
Xn-bpsS D]m-kIcm-Wv. Ing-°q´v An-b≥am-cm-cpsS
- - Hcp tafw hn`m-hw sNbvXmtem? hn`n∂ ssien-
taf-Ønv Bkzm-ZI¿ Gdn-bn-´p-≠.v Nn´-bpsS kuµ-
- I- f psS GIo- I - c Ww km[y- a mtWm? AXns‚
cy-amWv Ing-°q-Sns‚ taf-Po-h≥, tNcm-√q¿ i¶-
- sIm´p-`-hhpw tIƒhn Ap-`-hhpw F{]-Im-c-am-
c≥Ipń-am-cm-cpsS tafhpw imkv{Xo-bam-Wv. Im®mw-
- bn- c n°pw? AXv hnP- b n- ° ptam? kpµ- c - a mbn
Ip-dn®n IÆ≥am-cm-cpsS AIm-ehn-tbmKw ]pXnb
- ]cm-P-b-∏-Sptam? taf-I-e-bpsS thm-∞mN¿®-
taf ncbv°v jvSambn hne-bn-cp-Ømw. Xncp-h√
- I- f n¬ ssieo- t `- Z - ] - T w hnj- b - a m- t °- ≠ n- b n-
cn-°p-∂p.

tUm. F≥.-]n. hnP-b-Ir-jvW≥ :˛ tIcfØnse ¢m n°¬ Iemcq]ßfpambn _‘s∏´
]Tßƒ°v cq]w ¬Inb hy‡n. sslkv°qƒ A[ym]I≥. hmZy-ta-f-ßsfkw_-‘n-®p≈ nc-
h[n {]_-‘-ßƒ Ah-X-cn-∏n-®n-´p-≠v.

57


taf- I-em-]-T-hpw taf-ßfpw
v ]gp-hn¬ cLp-am-cm¿ v
Hcp Ipń hmZy-I-em-cw-KØv XpS°w Ipdn- Imew sImń Dd®pIgn-™m¬, Xcn-InS CXp-
°p-∂Xv hnZym-cw`Znh-k-amb hnP-b-Z-ian, As√- t]mse sImń-°mw. ]ns∂ a‰p≈ ]mS-ss°-Iƒ
¶n¬ F√m amk-Øn-tebpw shfpØ]£-Ønse sIm´p-hm≥ Ffp-∏-am-Ipw. Xcn-In-Sbpw 4 Imew Dd-
ZznXob BWv. Aº- e - Ø nse ASn- b - ¥ nc ®m¬, 2 ssII-fnepw ]pfn-apń FSpØv km[Iw
{]h¿Øn-Iƒ Bb iwJp-hn-fn, ]qP-sIm´v apX- sNtø-≠-Xm-Wv. ImcWw ]©mcn Hgn®v a‰p≈
em-bh A`y-kn-®p-sIm-≠v CSbv° ]Tn-°p-∂-Xnv taf- ß ƒ 2 ssII- f nepw tImev FSpØv
ssIsbØbn¬ D≈w ssIøn¬ sIm≈p∂Xcw sIm´p∂hbm-Wv. Cu 3 ]mS-ssI-Ifpw 4˛Hm 5˛Hm
sNdnb ac-I-jvWw. Ccń h∂m¬ Xmb-º-I-bpsS FÆ-ßƒ XpSßpw.
InS XIntXw IptØw IqsS sNºS (16, 8) F∂o A£-c-Imew 2 Ime-
InS XIntXw IptØw ßƒ sImń-°pw. ]ns∂ tIfnbpw Ign-™m¬
InS XIntXw IptØw IptØw Hcphn[w ASn-ÿm]Tw ]q¿Øn-bm-Ipw. ]n∂oSv
AXv ]cn-t]m-jn-∏n-t°≠ ISa Ah-
-h-n¬ n£n-]vX-am-Wv. BZy-Im-
e-ß-fn¬ taf-ßƒ sImń-]-Tn-∏n-°p-
I- b n√. ImcWw Xmb- º - I - b psS
FÆ-ßƒ sImń-]Tn-®m¬, taf-ßƒ
-
tI´pw IqsS sImńbpw ]Tn-°m-hp-
∂-Xm-Wv. F∂m¬ Cu hI ASn-
ÿm Imcy-ßƒ Aº-e-ß-fnse
ASn-b-¥n-cmZn Imcy-ßƒ°v t]mIp-
hm≥ th≠n-bmWv ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.
taf-ßƒ ]Tn®v Bkz-Zn-°p-∂-Xnpw
]cn- ] m- S n- I ƒ°v t]mIp- ∂ - X n- pw-
th≠n taf- ß ƒ ]Tn- ° p- t ºmƒ,
BZyw ]©m- c n- b nse 3˛m- a sØ
Imew apX¬ (8,4,4,8) ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂-
F∂v KW-]-Xnss° sImń-bmWv XpS°w Ipdn- XmWv ]Tn-°m≥ IqSp-X¬ Ffp∏w. AXp-I-gn™v
°p-∂-Xv. AXn¬ XInS Xcn-InS F∂nh km[Iw c≠m-asØ Imehpw, ]Xn-Im-ehpw Ah¿°v kzbw-
sNøp-∂-tXmSpIqSn Icn-¶-√n¬ ]pfn-ap-ń-s°m≠v IqsSsImń- ]-Tn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. Cßs ]Tn-∏n-
KW-]XnssI ( [nXmw I XcIw SSI SSI °p-hm≥th≠n Xriq¿ Pn√-bnse A¥n-°mSv hS-
Iw I--Iw SS I SvSv SSI SSI -Iw) t°-°c Hcp sNdnb ÿm]w 13 h¿jw ap≥]v
sIm´Ww. heXv ssIøn¬ ]pfn-ap-ńbpw, CS-Xp- XpS-ßn. Ct∏mƒ AXn¬ n∂pw 125pta¬ Ipń-
ssI-øpsS ]Øn-bpsS ]Ip-Xnbpw BWv sImt´- Iƒ ]Tn®v ]pd-Øn-d-ßn-bn-´p-≠v. Cu Iem-t£{Xw
≠-Xv. Ip¥n-®n-cp∂v 2 ssIøpw Db¿Øn sImń-∏- XpS-ßn-b-Xn-p-tijw Xriq¿ Pn√-bnse hnhn[
Tn-°-Ww. (C-t∏mƒ F√m-hcpw N{aw]Sn™ncp∂v {]tZ-i-ß-fn¬ Ahn-´-Øq¿ Iem-tI{µw, s]cp-hw
BWv sImń ]Tn-°p-∂-Xv) BZyw XIn´ 1 2 3 A∏p-am-cm¿ Iem-t£-{Xw, ]md-ta-°mhv Iem-

58


t£{Xw, Ip∂w-Ipfw I°mSv Iem-t£-{Xw, Io∂qcv (3) 6 6 2 2
Iem-t£{Xw F∂o ]T kt¶-X-ßƒ XpS-ßn- (4) 2 2 2 4
bn-´p-≠v. ]©m-cn, ]m≠n F∂o taf-ßƒ°v ]pd- 4. AS¥ 4 56
sa, sNº-S, Nº, AS-¥, A©-S-¥, {[phw F∂o (1) 8 4 8 8 4 8
taf- ß ƒ S- ∏ p- ≠ v. taf- ß ƒ Xmfw- ] n- S n- (2) 4 2 4 4 2 4 8
°p∂hn[hpw Imehpw A£-cIm-ehpw Xmsg hnh-
- - (3) 5 5 2 2
cn-°p-∂p. (4) 3 5
tafw Imew A£-c-Imew 5. Nº 4 80
(1) 8 4 4 8 8 8 8 8 16
1. sNºS 4 64
(2) 4 2 2 2 2 4 8 8 8
(1) 8 4 4 4 4 8 8 8 16
(3) 8 4 8
(2) 4 2 2 2 2 4 8 8
(4) 4 2 3
(3) 8 8
6. ]©mcn 5 96
(4) 6 2
(1) 8 4 4 4 4 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 16
2. {[phw 3 56
(2) 4 2 2 2 2 4 8 8 8 8
(1) 8 4 4 8 8 8 16
(3) 8 4 4 8
(2) 4 2 2 4 8 8
(4) 4 2 2 4
(3) 6 8
(5) 6
3. A©-S¥ 4 64
(1) 8 4 4 8 8 4 4 8 16 taf-ßƒ°v CS-°-emiw FSp-°p-hm≥ 8 A£-c-
(2) 4 2 2 4 4 2 2 4 8 Im-ehpw, Imew amdp-hm≥ 16 A£-cIm-ehpw D≠m-
-
bn-cn-°pw.

]gp-hn¬ cLp-am-cm¿ :˛ bph-X-e-ap-d-bnse taf-I-em-Im-c-∑m-cn¬ ap≥]-¥n-bn¬ n¬°p-∂p. {]i-
kvX-amb nc-h[n taf-ßƒ°v ]s¶-Sp-°p-Ibpw {]amWw hln-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. A¥n-°mSv t£{X-
hm-Zy-I-em-k-an-Xn-bnse {][m Kpcp-m-Y≥. nc-h[n injy-k-º-Øp≈ hy‡n.

ImWn°bnS¬ {][mw
SnâebqóbgX ckjbfäTgofbmX ceùlceCx lecjXkgä~j ùMrOqîMem£ebfsv jeùlfãfw
aìùlèfvg hgJaèsTBgÿgúfTgÿlx. DnRejYtóflveã ipbrjszÜ cgkäfw beoõaIe-
ó~ägsë Dkêëfaãesë SBgÿgúgÿ Yibevx keCfTãqh¥fTgÿlx GÑfóxë kejõmeíõ-
èfvx Gèccsùl. SBgÿúfh¥x aìùlèfvkèx ùhabMfTgaêeW Y©pv~WTx keCf-
Tãqh¥fTgbevgú mdkjõX GçeãfjfTgÿleCx. mqbªenRejYtóflveãf SBgÿúgÿ Yi-
besv kQkgäfqsT oqMfòªx keCfTãqh¥fòªx mdYeiõX avëgbez Y©pv~WTx bqóèf-
snejg ùhebMõX ceùlX kfögÿ DbmjceCflx.

59


Ipdpw Ipg¬
v Iogq´v µ≥ v

kwKoXw A]n kmlnXyw tXo®-I-fpsS i_vZw, sh≈w HgpIp-tºm-gp≈
kc-kzXym kvX-Zzbw If-If i_vZw, arK-ß-fpsS hnhn[ i_vZ-ßƒ
GIw B]mZ a[pcw Ch-sb√mw Ah-s‚ kwKo-Xm-kzm-Z--ti-jn-sb
AyZmtemN-m-arXw {Ia-ambn hf¿Øn-sIm-≠p-h∂p. apjy akvXn-jvI-
-
kwKoXw F{X Bkz- Z n- ® mepw aXn- h - c n- Øns‚ hf¿®-bpsS tXmX-p-k-cn®v a[p-c-kz-c-
s√∂pw, kmlnXyw F{X Btem-Nn-®mepw aXn-h- ßƒ tI´m-kz-Zn-°m-p≈ Ignhpw hf¿∂p-h-∂p.
cn-s√-∂p-amWv ]WvUnX aXw. Pohn-tXm-]m-[n-Iƒ kºm-Zn-°m-p≈ Iq´mb
AXn¬ kwKo-Xm-[njvTnX Xmf-hm-Zy-amb {]h¿Ø--ßƒ°nS-bn¬ Bi-b-hn-n-abw S-Øp-
Ipdpw-Ip-g-en-s-°p-dn®v Fs‚ Kpcp-m-Ypw Ipdpw- hm≥ `mj D¤-hn®p hnI-kn-®-p-. AXp-t]mse
Ip- g ¬ hnZzm- p- a mb {io
sImºØv Ip´-≥]-Wn-°¿
Ah¿I-fpsS Ap-hm-ZtØm- -
Spw, Bio¿∆m-ZtØm-Spw-IqSn
-
Rm≥ Fs‚ Adn-hp-sh®v
Ipd®v hmN-I-ßƒ ChnsS
Ipdn-°-s´.
kwlm-c-cq-]-mb `K-
hm≥ ]c-a-in-hs‚ XXv]p-
cpjw F∂ apJ-Øp-n∂v
BWv hmbp D¤- h n- ® - X v .
hmbp-hn¬ n∂v Ipg¬ apX-
emb kpjn-chm-Zy-ßƒ D¤-
-
hn®p F∂mWv `c- X - a pn
mSy-im-kv{X-Øn¬ {]Xn-]m-
Zn-®n-´p-≈-Xv.
AXn-{]m-No--Imew apX¬°p-Xs∂ i_vZ- PohnX t¢i-ßƒ kln®v Iq´mb A≤zm-Øns‚ -
ß-fp-tSbpw `mh-lm-hm-Zn-I-fp-tSbpw klm-b-tØm- ^e-am-bn-´mWv ap-jys‚ kwKo-X-]-c-amb Ign-
Sp-IqSn Bi-b-{]-I-Sw S-Øm≥ ap-jy≥ ]Tn®p hp-Ifpw hf¿∂p hnI-kn-®-Xv. ssZh {]oXn-°p-
Ign-™n-cp-∂p. ap-jy-i-co-c-Øn-p-≈n¬ Xs∂- th≠n BZna ap-jy¿ S-Øn-h∂ ]qPm-I¿Ω-
bp≈ lrZ-bw, izmk-tImiw F∂o Ah-b-h-ß- ß-fpsS ]›m-Ø-e-Øn-emWv {]mIrX kwKoX
fpsS {Iaw sX‰msXbp≈ New Ahv Xmf- D]-I-cW-ßƒ D¤-hn-®-Xv.
t_m-[-Øn-p≈ BZy-]m-T-ßƒ ¬In-bn-cp-∂p. DZm:˛ ]m°-m¿ sXøw ˛ CXn¬ D]-tbm-
AXp- t ]mseXs∂ {]Ir- X n- b n¬ n∂pw Kn-°p∂ hmtZym]-I-c-W-ßƒ sN≠, c≠p-acw
Ah-≥ ntXy tIƒ°p∂ i_vZ-ßƒ, AXm- (CWacw) Ipg¬ F∂nhbmWv. Cu Ipg-env
bXv Im‰ns‚ a¿Ω-c-i-_vZw, ]£n-I-fpsS i_vZw, A©p kz-c-ÿm--ßƒ am{X-am-Wp-≈-Xv. CXns‚

60


]g°w C∂p Pohn-®n-cn-°p∂h¿°v Adn-bp-I-bp- ]©m- c n- t afØnv 96 A£- c - I m- e - a mWv
an-√. kma-KmL´-Øn-emWv CXns‚ D¤hw F∂p ]d-bs∏Sp-∂p.
F∂p- t hWw Ap- a m- n- ° m≥. hmbp- h ns‚ Cu A£-c-Imew IW-°m°n Iem-i-ßfpw
KXnbpw, ssIhn-cep-IfpsS Ne-hpw, {]Ir-Xn-bn¬
- -
hcp-∂p. aq∂v aWn-°q¿ taf-Ønv Cu {]{Inb
n∂p-h∂ kwKo-Xhpw ka-z-bn-∏n® Hcp hmZy-
D]-tbm-Kn-°m≥ km[n°pw F∂mWv Fs‚ nK-
hn-ti-j-amWv Ipdpw-Ip-g¬. CuPn]vXv apX-emb
a-w.
cmPy-ß-fn¬ I≠p-h-cp∂ (Wm-bv) F∂ jl-
Wmbv, apJ-hoW, a[p-I-cn, aucn-ap-J-cn, aIpSn Ch ]©m-cn-tafw Ime-an´v ne-˛-X-°n-´-˛-Ip-g-a-dn-
Ipdpw-Ip-g-ens‚ BZn-cq-]-ß-fm-Wv. b¬ F∂p ]d-bp-∂p.
Xm{¥nI hn[n-{]-Im-c-ap≈ I¿Ω-ßƒ°v ]Xn-Imew:˛
Hgn®p- I q- S m- m- h m- Ø - h - b mWv Xmf- h m- Z y- ß ƒ. ne 4 Iem-ihpw
Chsb hmZ--˛-n¿ΩmW coXnsb ASn-ÿm-- X°n´ 4 Iem-ihpw
am°n Ah--≤w, XXw, Lw, kpjncw F∂n- Ipgadn-b¬ 4 Iem-ihpw
ßs membn XcwXncn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. CXn¬ tIc- c≠m-Imew

}
fob t£{X-hm-Zy-ßƒ am{Xw D]-tbm-Kn-®p≈ tIc- Dcpƒ tIm¬ 2 Iem-ihpw
f-Øns‚ Xncp-ap¬°mgvN-bmb taf-Øn¬ Ah-- CS-I-em-i-ßƒ 4 Iem-ihpw 12
≤-L--kp-jnc hmZy-ßƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p-≠v. Ipg-a-dn-b¬ 6 Iem-ihpw
tafsØ kw_- ‘ n- ® n- S - t Ømfw CXnse aq∂mw Imew

}
kpjnchmZy-amb Ipdpw-Ip-g-env apJy-ÿmw DcpƒtIm¬ 3 Iem-ihpw
Xs∂- b p- ≠ v . Hcp tafw XpS- ß p- t ºmƒ kab CS-I-emiw 6 Iem-ihpw 18
ssZ¿Lyhpw Iem-i-ßfpw ¢n]vX-s∏-Sp-Øp∂Xv Ipg-a-dn-b¬ 9 Iem-ihpw
taf-{]-am-Wnbpw Ipdpw-Ip-g¬ {]am-Wnbpw tN¿∂m-
Wv. {]amWn F∂p-]dbp-tºmƒ taf-Ønv 100 t]cp-
- - memw Imew

}
s≠-¶n¬ Ah-cpsSsb√mw mb-IXzw (ap-Jy-ÿm- DcpƒtIm¬ 4 Iem-ihpw
w) taf {]am-Wn-°mWv. AXn-p-]p-dsa Ap-kmcn CS-I-emiw 8 Iem-ihpw 24
hmZy-ßƒ°pw {][m mb-IXzw ¬In-s°m≠v Ipg-a-dn-b¬ 12 Iem-ihpw
Ah¿°pw AhcpsS ISa n¿∆-ln-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. A©mw Imew

}
DZm:˛ hewXe sN≠ (ho-°w) {]am-Wn, Ipdpw-Ip- DcpƒtIm¬ 5 Iem-ihpw
g¬ {]am-Wn, Ce-Ømf {]amWn, sImºv {]amWn. CS-I-emiw 10 Iem-ihpw 30
{]amWw n¬°p- ∂ h- c psS hgn- I - f n¬°qSn Ipg-a-dn-b¬ 15 Iem-ihpw
am{Xsa a‰p-≈-h¿ k©-cn-°m-dp-≈q. C∂p-I-≠p-
h-cp∂ Nne hn{In-b-Isf Bkzm-Z-I¿ hna¿in- Fs‚ IW-°p-Iq-´en¬ aq∂p-a-Wn-°q¿ ka-
°mdpw D≠v. {]am-Wn-bpsS C—-bv°-p-k-cn®v b-{I-ao-I-cWw Ap-k-cn®v F√m-t£-{X-ß-fnepw
{]h¿Øn-t°-≠Xv Iq´-Øn-ep-≈hcpsS IS-abmWv.
- - - 96 Iemiw FSp-Øp ]©m-cn-tafw sIm´p-∂p-≠v.
AXp-sIm-≠mWv Hcp Ipdpw-Ip-g¬ hnZzmv ]q¿Æ- AXp-t]mse ]m≠n-ta-f-Øns‚ Xncv aq∂v
{X-bo-is‚ k∂n-[n-bn¬ sh®v almcmPm-hns‚ Xmf-h-´-ßƒ IqSp-tºmƒ Hcp FSp-ØSn hcp-∂p
Iøn¬ n∂v ]´pw hfbpw hmßm≥ km[n-®-Xv. F∂p-]-d-bs∏-Sp-∂p. Cu ASn hcp∂ ka-bØv
tafsØ∏‰n B[n-Im-cn-I-ambn As√-¶nepw am{Xta Iem-in-°m≥ ]‰p-Ibp≈p F∂mWv hnizm-
-
Kpcp Imc-W-h-∑m¿ ]d-™p-X-∂-Xns‚ ASn-ÿm- kw. Fs‚ IW-°p-Iq-´en¬ taf-Ønv kpµ-c`mhw
- -
Øn¬ Npcp°n ]d-bmw. In´m≥ Xocv ssZ¿Lyw aq∂v F∂p-≈Xv 4 B°n

61


5˛¬ FSp-°p-∂p. dmbn. 13 Dcp´v sN≠, _m°n Ap-kmcn hmZy-
ßƒ, F√mw D≠v. sNºS XpSßn. Dcp´p sN≠-
]m≠n-ta-f-Øn¬ Xncv Iem-i-ßƒ FhnsS
bpsS apºn¬ Hcp hcn ho°w sN≠! CXp-I-≠-
thW- s a- ¶ nepw FSp- ° m- h p- ∂ - X m- W v . ""FhnsS
t∏mƒ Hcp AXn-ibw (Im-Wm-ØXv ImWp-tºmƒ
thW-sa-¶nepw'' F∂p ]d-bp-∂Xn¬ sX‰n-≤-cn-
F∂p ]d-bp∂Xmhpw icn) Rm≥ ]d™p ""CXv
°-cpXv. F√m-‰npw Hcp ASn-ÿmw Nn´-s∏-Sp-Øn-
Ipg¬°m¿ n¬°p∂ ÿe- a mWv '', ""nßƒ
bn-´p-≠v. Nne-ÿ-e-ß-fn¬ ]m≠n-bpsS Xocv aq∂v
]n∂n-emWv n¬t°-≠Xv''. At∏mƒ Ah¿°v amdn-
-
Ign™v men¬ FSp°Ww; As√- ¶ n¬
n¬°m≥ Hcp _p≤n-ap´v D≈-Xp-t]msetXm∂n.
A©ntem Bdntem FSp-°m≥ km[n-°n√ F∂p-
Rm≥ BZy-ambn t]mIp∂ ÿe-amWv F¶nepw
thWw Icp-Xm≥. Nne-ÿ-e-ß-fn¬ taf-{]-amWn
]cn-]mSn Ign™v Rm≥ {]amWn sN≠-°m-c-tmSv
Ipg¬ {]am-Wn-tbmSv ]dbpw: ""Rm≥ nh¿∂m¬
CXn-s-∏‰n tNmZn®t∏mƒ At±lw ]d-™Xv
am{Xw nßƒ nh¿∂m¬ aXn'' F∂v. ]te-SØpw
""Rßƒ h¿j-Øn¬ 10 Znh-k-amWv CXv D]-tbm-
Kn-°p-∂Xv; ho°w sN≠{]am-Wn-bpsS ÿmw
ap≥]n- e mWv F∂mWv [mc- W . F¶nepw Hcp
Imcyw ]d-bmw. aq∂p aWn-°q¿ tafw ∂mbn
ssIImcyw sNøm≥ Ah¿ {]m]v X - c mWv ''.
ASpØ sIm√w apX¬ t]cn-p-am{Xw Hcp ho°w
sN≠ apºn¬ Hc‰Øp n¬°p∂ NS-ßp-am{X-
am-bn.
Ipdpw-Ip-g¬ taf-Øn-se-∂t]mse a‰p Nne-{]-
-
[m t£{XNS-ßp-Iƒ°pw {]tbm-Kn-°p-∂p-≠v.
Ap-jTm ]©-hm-Zy-Øn¬ Ipdpw-Ip-genv apJy-
v -
ÿmw D≠m-bn-cp∂p. ]pXnb Is≠-Øep-Ifn-eq-
- -
sSbpw ]cn-jv°-c-W-Øn-eq-sSbpw Ct∏mƒ B
ÿmw jvS-s∏´p F¶nepw Nne ÿe-ß-fn¬
]gb Hm¿Ω Ct∏mgpw ne-n¬°p-∂p≠v. DZm:˛
Xr{]-bm¿ {iocmat£{X-Øn¬ ]©-hm-Zy-Ønv
8 apX¬ 12 hsc FSp-Øn-´p≠v F∂mWv Adnh.v C∂pw Ipdpw-Ip-g¬ ]te-SØpw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p-≠.v
Fs¥mcp IjvSw! taf-Øns‚ KXn-tISv F∂p-
ap≥Im-e-ß-fn¬ CSbv°{]Z-£n-W-Øn¬
thWw ]d-bm≥.
Ipdpw-Ip-g¬ hmbn-®v cmK-hn-kvXm-c-ßƒ D≠m-bn-
AXp-t]mseXs∂ AS-¥-tafw memw-Im- cp∂p F∂pw, ""ncyXn'' Zn°n¬ (sX-°v Ing-°v)
e-Øns‚ Xncv aq∂v Xmf-h´w Ign™v men¬ hmbn-°p∂ cmKw ""Iman-n-a-Wn''-bn¬ ""am¿Øm-
nh¿∂n-cn-°Ww. GI-tZiw F√m ÿe-ß-fnepw WvU-_m-c-tZ-hm'' F∂ Io¿Øw thWw F∂pw
Aßns Xs∂- b mWv ; kwi- b - a n√. F¶nepw ]≠p≈ {]K-¤¿ ]d™v tI´n-´p-≠v. Aßn-s-
hS°p `mK- ß - f n¬ taf- Ø ns‚ Xncp- I - e miw sb-¶n¬, Cu Zn°n¬ rØ-Ønv {]m[m-y-ap-
FhnsSbpw FSp-°p-sa-¶nepw, 5˛-epw, 6˛-epw, 7˛epw s≠∂pw, `K-hm≥ Ahn-sS-bmWv rØw sNøp-
hsc nh-cp-∂p-≠v. AXpw Hcp ASn-ÿm--amWv; ∂Xv F∂pwthWw Ap-am-n-°m≥.
AXn¬ ap°v X¿°n-°m≥ Ah-Im-i-an-√.
t£{XNS-ßp-I-fn¬ {][m--s∏´ `mK-amb
Rm≥ BZy- a mbn Hcp ÿeØv ]cn]m- Ipdpw-Ip-g¬ ]‰npw {]m[m-y-ap≠v. Xriq¿ Pn√-
Sn°pt]mbn. tafw XpS-ßm≥ F√m-hcpw Xøm- bn¬ ]mXn-tIm-´p-Imhp t£{X-Øn¬ 30 h¿j-ambn

62


aWvUe ImeØv Zo]m-cm-[-bv°p Ipg¬]‰mWv Ipdpw-Ip-g¬ ]‰nv m´-cm-K-Øn¬ cmK-hn-
hmbn- ° p- ∂ - X v . Ipg¬°m¿ n¬°p∂ ÿew kvXmcw SØn, ]n∂oSv GXv cmK-Øn-emtWm
tkm]m- - h pw. At∏mƒ Cu D]- I - c WsØ ]‰v DuXp-hm≥ Dt±-in-°p-∂Xv B cmKw IqSn
tkm]m--hmZyw F∂p ]d-bp-∂p. IqSn-bm´w, aØ- hnkvX-cn®v, ]‰n-te°v IS-°p-∂p. km[m-c-W-bmbn
hn-emkw IqØv F∂n-h-bnepw Ipdpw-Ip-g¬ Hgn®p Imwt_mPn, ss`chn, F∂ocm-K-ßfn-emWv ]‰v
IqSm≥hømØ D]-I-c-W-am-Wv. DuXm-dp-≈Xv. ]‰nv Imew CS¬ ]√-hn, Ap-]-
Ipdpw- I p- g ¬]‰v F√m t£t{Xm- ’ - h - ß - √hn, NcWw, GIw F∂n-ß-s-bm-Wv.
fnepw D≠v F¶nepw k‘y-th-ebv°v D≈ Ipdpw- GI- X m- f - Ø n¬ a≤y- a m- h - X n- c mKw hmbn-
Ip-g¬]‰v F√m D’-h-ß-fnepw ImWp-∂n-√. ®mWv ]‰v Ah-km-n-°p-∂-Xv. kab ssZ¿Lyw
Xriq¿ Pn√-bnse F√m t£t{Xm-’-h-ß- Ap-k-cn®v Ap-]-√hn Ign™v ]©m-cn-Iqdpw
fnepw hnf-°nv Fgp-∂-≈n-®m¬ hnf-°m-Ncw DXm-dp-≠v.
Ign™v tIfn, Ipg¬]‰v F∂n-ßs-bmWv. Ipg¬
- IqdpwIpg¬]‰nv ]°-ta-f-ambn sN≠bpw
]‰ns‚ Ah-kmw sNº-S-sImń ]©m-cn-ta-f- sXm∏n-a-±-fhpw, Xmfambn Ce-Øm-fhpw, {ipXn
Øn¬ XpSßn, AS¥ sImń apdn-b-S-¥-bn¬IqSn Ipgepw D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂p ({ipXn Ipg¬ C∂v A{]-
sNº-S-bn¬ Ah-km-n-°p-∂p. Xy-£-ambn.)

sI. µ-Ip-am¿ :˛ Iogq´v Ia-em£n AΩ-bp-sSbpw, NmØ-∏Øv DÆn-Ir-jvW≥ mb-cp-sSbpw aI-
mbn 1967-˛¬ P-w. BZy-]mTw A—s‚ ASp-Øv. XpS¿∂v Ipdpw-Ip-g¬ BNm-cy≥ ]√m-hq¿ ]pc-
kv°mc tPXmhv sImºØv Ip´≥ ]Wn-°-cpsS in£-W-Øn¬. nc-h[n tatfm-’-h-ß-fn¬ {]amWw
hln-®n-´p-≠v. nc-h[n ]pc-kv°m-c-ßfpw e`n-®n-´p-≠v. ]md-ta-°mhv kph¿Æ ap{Z, Imhn¬ hnP-b≥
amcm¿ kph¿Æ ap{Z, cma-aw-Kew s]cpw Xrt°m-hn¬ t£{X kph¿Æ ap{Z, ]p√q¿ hmZy-I-em-tI{µw
kph¿Æ ap{Z, apwss_ tIfn-bpsS t{]man-knßv B¿ńÃv ]pc-kv°mcw XpS-ßnb Ah-bn¬ Nne-Xp-
am-{Xw. `mcy _nµp, a°ƒ {]nb, Bc-Xn.

ImWn°bnS¬ {][mw
SnâebqóbgX ckjbfäTgofbmX ceùlceCx lecjXkgä~j ùMrOqîMem£ebfsv
jeùlfãfw aìùlèfvg hgJaèsTBgÿgúfTgÿlx. DnRejYtóflveã ip-
brjszÜ cgkäfw beoõaIeó~ägsë Dkêëfaãesë SBgÿgúgÿ Yibevx
keCfTãqh¥fTgÿlx GÑfóxë kejõmeíõèfvx Gèccsùl. SBgÿúfh¥x aìùl-
èfvkèx ùhabMfTgaêeW Y©pv~WTx keCfTãqh¥ f Tgbevgú
mdkjõX GçeãfjfTgÿleCx. mqbªenRejYtóflveãf SBgÿúgÿ Yibesv
kQkgäfqsT oqMfòªx keCfTãqh¥fòªx mdYeiõX avëgbez Y©pv~WTx
bqóèfsnejg ùhebMõX ceùlX kfögÿ DbmjceCflx.

63


hmZy-tem-IØv sImºns‚ ÿmw
v HmS-bv°men apcfn v
`mh, cmK, Xmf kΩn-fn-Xamb `p{]-tZ-iamWv
- - eXpw hcpw. taf-Ønpw ]©-hm-Zy-Ønpw sImgp-
`mc-Xw. ChnsS hoip∂ Im‰n-p-t]mepw Xmf-ap- t∏-Ip∂ sImºn¬ n∂p ]c-s∂m-gp-Ip∂ i_vZ-
≠v. ]X-s™m-gp-Ip∂ Im´m-dnv kwKo-Xhpw, P¥p-
- am-[pcn H∂mwXcw Xs∂. AXns‚ `wKn-bm-Wv
Pm-e-ß-f-S-°-ap≈ A¥-co-£-Ønv nb-X-amb Iqń-s°m-´p-Iƒ°v ]I-cp∂ angn-hv. Ae-b-Sn-®p-b-
`mhhpw ne-n¬°p-∂p. CXv Cu `q{]-tZ-iØns‚
- cp∂ kpµ-cIem-ißƒ°v rØw-Nhn-´p∂ Bkzm-
- - - -
[y-Xsb kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. tZh-`q-an-bmb ChnsS Z-Isc lcw-sIm-≈n-°p-∂Xv sImºns‚ {ipXn-n-
ne-n-∂n-cp∂ kwkv°m-c-Øns‚ tijn∏v Ign- d™ kwKo-Xam-Wv. cmP-Iob hnfw-_-c-ßƒ°v
™m¬ H∂mWv hmZy-]-≤-Xn-Iƒ. D]- t bm- K n- ® n- c p∂ Cu hmtZym- ] - I - c WØnpw
XnI®pw kwKo-Xm-fl-I-amb hmtZym-]-I-c-W- Imem-¥-c-Øn¬ F√m-‰npw h∂-am-‰-ßƒt]mse,
amWv sImºv. AXn-]p-cm-XImew apX¬ CXv ne-
- - am‰-ßƒ h∂p. HmSn¬ n¿Ωn® sImºv aq∂v Xpey-
`m-K-ß fm°n Iqń-bn-W-°n-bmWv
D]- t bm- K n- ° p- ∂ - X v. Ime-
ßƒ°pap≥]v "Xnancn' sImºv ne-
n-∂n-cp-∂p. C∂v AXn¬n∂pw
am‰w-h-cpØn "`mcn'bn¬ Xo¿Ø-
sIm-ºmWv D]-tbm-Kn-®p-h-cp∂Xv.
]e-bn-SØpw CXns‚ ]Wn-°m¿
D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. AsX√mw ]g-¶-Y-I-
fmbn. t]cm-aw-Kew sImºmWv KpW-
Øn¬ apº≥ F∂mWv ]ecpw A`n-
{]m-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ cma-aw-
Kew t£{X-Øn¬ H‰s°mºv (C-
g-∏n-√mØXv) D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. CXv
C∂v D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂n-√.
Fd- W m- I pfw Pn√- b nse
n¬°p-∂p. `mK-hXw IY-bn¬ ]d-™p-tIƒ°p∂ ""mb-tØmSn''¬ Hcp ImeØv sImºv Iem-Im-c-
IY-Iƒ CXn-p-Zm-l-c-W-am-Wv. tKm]m-e-mb ∑m¿ [mcmfw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. AXn¬ {]i-kvXcpw
{ioIrjv W `K- h ms‚ Iøn¬ Imen- t °m- e pw, injy¿ [mcm-f-ap≈ BNm-cy-∑mcpw Dƒs∏-ń-cp∂p.
sImºp-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Iq´p-Im¿°v Adn-bn-∏p-Iƒ FS-bm-°pSn thep-∏-Wn-°¿, ssh∏n≥ mcm-b-W-
ssIam-dp∂Xnv Cßnssbmcp D]-I-cWw ne- ∏-Wn-°¿, cma≥m-b¿, cmhpÆn∏Wn-°¿ XpS-
hn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. arK-ß-fpsS sImºv cq]-s∏-Sp- ßnb {]i-kvX¿°v ]n∂mse sNß-a-mSv A∏p-
Øn-b-Xm-bn-cp∂p Cu hmZyw. C∂v t£{X-hm-Zy- m-b¿, HmS-bv°men ]pcp-j≥ mb¿, bi:»co-c-
ßƒ°nS-bn¬ FÆ-s∏´ Hcp hmtZym-]-I-c-W-amb cmb sNß-a-m´v i¶-c≥, ]md-°-Shv A∏p XpS-
sImºn¬ n∂v C∂- i-_vZta hcq F∂n-√. kI- ßnb henb nc-Xs∂ cq]w-sIm-≠p. mb-tØm-

64


Spw, HmS-bv°m-en-bnepw sImºv Iem-Im-c-∑m¿ Iq´m-n√'' F∂p-]-d-bpw-t]msebmWv sImºns‚
C∂pw Gsd-bp-≠v. ]t£ Cu sXmgn-en¬ A¿∏- ÿm-hpw. Ime-ßƒ AXv sXfn-bn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-
W-t_m-[-ap-≈-h¿ Ipd-™p-h-cp-∂p- F∂Xv ZpxJ- ∂p. ap≥Im-e-ß-fn¬ sImºns‚ FÆw Ipd-hmbn-
I-c-amb kXy-am-Wv. A≤zmw Gsd-bpw, {]Xn-^- cp∂p. C∂v Xriq¿]qc-Øn-sms° c≠v nc-bmbn
e-w Ipdhp-am-b-Xn-m¬ bphm-°ƒ Cu Ie-bn¬ n∂mWv {]tbm-Kw.
n∂v AI-em≥ XpS-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. sImºp-Im-c-pw, Xmf-°m-cpw Xcn-ºn-p-
{Xnÿmw (k,-],-k) DuXn-bmWv ]Tw t]mepw hn{i-a-an-√. B h∂m¬ t]mIpw-hsc
XpS-ßp-∂-Xv. sNº-S-bn¬ hmbvØmcn sNm√n sImºp-Im-c≥ Pm{K-X ]men°Ww. a‰p-]e Iem-
]Tn®v DuXn sXfn-bp-I-bmWv ]TcoXn. sImºv Im-c-∑mcpw √-{]-Xn-^-e-hp-ambn Xncn-®p-t]m-hp-
]‰mWv BZysØ ¢mkp-I-fn¬. AS¥, A©-S¥ tºmƒ, sImºp-Im-c≥ Dugw ImØp-n¬°p-I-bm-
XpS-ßnb Xmf-ØnemWv _m°n-`m-K-ßƒ. ]‰qXm- hpw.
dm-bm¬ ]ns∂ taf-hpw, ]©-hm-Zyhpw tI´pw- hnhn[ {]tZ-i-ß-fn¬ sImºns‚ ]c-ºc
I≠pw ]Tn-°Ww; CXm-Wv ne-hnep≈ ssien. ne-n¬°p-∂p-s≠-¶nepw,ssi-en-Ifn¬ sNdn-b-
]©-hm-Zy-Øn-epw, sImºp-]-‰n-ep-amWv atm-[¿a- am‰w am{X- t a- b p- ≈ q. ]mc- º - c y- I - e - I ƒ C∂v
{]-ISØnp km[yX Gsd-bpw. ]m≠n-ta-fØnv
- - - - GXm≠v AkvX-an-°m-dm-bn. kz¥w a°sf Cu
Nne-`m-Kßfn¬ atm-[¿Ω {]tbm-K-km-[y-X-bp- cwK-Øn-d-°m≥ ]ecpw aSn-Im-Wn-°p-∂p. Ie-bp-
≠v. Htc Hcp hmZyw-sIm≠v Hcp t£{X-Ie Ah- ambn Cd-ßn-Øn-cn-°p-∂-hv kaq-l-Øn¬ henb
X-cn-∏n-°m≥ ]‰p-sa-¶n¬ AXv sImºp-]‰m-Wv. Xmf-
- hne-sbm-∂p-an-√. HcpXcw ]p—-amWv ]e¿°pw.
°m-cv sNdn-b-[¿Ω-ta-bp-≈q. ne-hn¬ 40 ann- Fs¥ms°bmbmepw ]cn-]m-Sn-I-gn™v ]ncn-bp-
‰p-hsc ]‰qXmw. AXn-e-[n-I-am-bm¬ Ac-ßp-ap-jn- tºmƒ, ""∂m-bot´m'' F∂ A`n--µw Xs∂
®n-ep-≠m-hmw. a- n¬ Ipfn¿tIm-cpw. G‰hpw henb ]pc-kv°m-
sImºnv Hcp Ap-km-cn-hmZyw F∂ ne- c-ßƒ In´p-∂-Xnepw hep-Xm-Wv CØcw hm°p-
bv°mWv ÿm-sa-¶nepw AXnv A¿l-amb hne- Iƒ. ]√m-hq¿ ]pc-kv°m-c-Ønv Ip´≥]-Wn-°-cm-
I¬∏n-°p-∂-h-cpap-≠v. sImºns‚ Nph-´n¬ n∂v ims (Ip-g¬ Iem-Im-c≥) Xnc-s™-Sp-sØ-∂-
taf-hpw, ]©-hm-Zyhpw aXn-a-d-∂m-kz-Zn-°p-∂-h¿ hm¿Ø Gsd kzmK-Xm¿lw-X-s∂. ImcWw Ap-
hnc- f - a - √ . kwKo- X - k m- { µ- a mb Ap- ` qXn km- c n- h m- Z y- ß ƒ°v _lp- a Xn In´p- I - s b- ∂ Xv
sImºn¬n∂p AS¿∂p-ho-gp-∂p-≠v. ""D∏n-emØ n m-c-Im-cy-a-√t√m?.

HmS-bv°men apcfn :˛ tIc-f-Ønse sImºp-hm-Z-I-cn¬ {]K-¤≥. nc-h[n taf-ßƒ°pw ]©-hm-
Zy-ßƒ°pw {]amWw hln-°p-∂p. nc-h[n injy-k-º-Øp≈ {io. apcfn a[y-tI-c-f-Ønse sImºv hmZy-
Øns‚ h‡m-hm-Wv.

t£{X n¿ΩmW {]h¿Ø- - ß - f n¬ [- k - a ¿∏Ww S- Ø n- b m¬ Ign™ Ggv
P∑- ß - f n- t ebpw hcp∂ Ggp- P - ∑ - ß - f n- t ebpw ]m]w C√m- X m- I p- s a∂v sshjv W h
kwln-X-Iƒ ]d-bp-∂p.

65


Ce-Øm-f-Øns‚ kwKoXw
v sI.-F. inh-Zmkv h¿Ω v
L-hm-Zy-amb Ce-Øm-fØn¬ kwKo-Xtam?
- Cd-ßn-s®-∂mte ""Ce-Ømf''Øns‚ amkva-cn-I-
]ecpw s‰n-Np-fn-t®-°mw. {]tXy-In®pw kwKoX kw-KoXssh`hw Xncn-®-dn-bm-m-hq.
]mc-º-cy-Øn¬ Du‰w-sIm-≈p∂ a‰p Z£n-tW- kwKoX aWvU-]-ß-fp-tSbpw mS-I-im-e-I-
¥y≥ kwÿm--ß-fnse Iem-a¿Ω-⁄¿. tIc-f- fp-tSbpw ]cn-an-Xn-Iƒ°-∏pdw Iq‰≥ ""B-∏≈''
Ønv X-Xmb Hcp kwKo-X-]m-c-º-cyw-t]mepw aXn-ep-I-fm¬ Np‰-s∏´ hnim-e-amb t£{Xm-¶-W-
Cs√∂v Dss®kvXcw tLm-jn-®p- -S-°p-∂-h¿ ß-fn¬ Bbpw Aºm-cnbpw ¬Ip∂ kz¿K-k-
Adn-bm-Ø, Ah¿°v {Kln-°m≥ I-gn-bm-Ø, tIc- am-amb Zriy-hn-kvabØn-s‚bpw, Nn{X-kam-amb
- - - - -
f-Øn-p-am{Xw kz¥-amb Hcp hmZy-Iem{]ÿm-- tKm]p-c-ß-fp-tSbpw ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ am{Xw Ah-
Øns‚ temI-kw-Ko-X-th-Zn-bn-te-°p≈ hne-a-Xn- X-cn-∏n-°m≥ Ign-bp∂ Cu ""sIm´p-I-t®cn''Ifnse
°m-m-hmØ kw`m-h--bs{X ""taf-ßƒ'' F∂ ""Xmf-h´''ßsf tIm¿Øn-W-°p∂ {ia-I-c-amb
sIm´p-I-t®-cn-Iƒ. ZuXy-amWv Ce-Øm-f-Øn-p-≈-Xv.
Xmf- ß ƒ ""A£- c - I m- e - ß ƒ'' B°n- ""_otYmh''t‚X-S°w temIsØ at‰-sXmcp
s°m≠v kpjn-chm-Zy-ßfmb sImºn-tbpw Ipdpw-
- - ""Symphony''tbbpw ]n∂n-em-°p∂ Cu sIm´p-I-
Ip-g-en-tbpw AI-º-Sn-°m-cm°n ΩpsS ]q¿∆n- t®-cnIfpsS hnim-e-amb Iym≥hmkv Xs∂-bmWv
I¿ sa-s™-SpØ taf-ß-fpsS Bﬂm-hn-te°v Cu Xmf-hm-Zy-hr-µ-Øns‚ km≤y-X-bpw. kam--
X-I-fn-√mØ Cu Xmf-°-t®-cn-I-fpsS khn-ti-j-
X-Iƒ nc-h-[n-bm-Wv.
t£{X- a - X n¬°- I Øv s‰n- ∏ - ´ w- s I- ´ n-
n¬°p∂ KPho-c-∑m¿°v ap∂n¬ `K-hms‚ X¶-
Øn-Sºns‚ Fgp-∂-≈n-∏nv AI-º-Sn-bm-bn-am-{Xw
Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp∂ taf-ßƒ F∂ Xmf-°-t®-
cnIƒ°v 120-˛¬]cw Iem-Im-c-∑m¿ ""tKm]p-cm-
IrXn''bn¬ nc-°p∂ ImgvN-Xs∂ A¤p-X-ap-
W¿Øp-∂p.
]Xn-©v sImºp-Imcpw Ah¿°v ap∂n-embn
]Xn-©v Ipdpw-Ip-g¬°mcpw. Ah¿°-`n-ap-J-ambn
taf-Ønse {][m {i≤m-tI-{µ-ß-fmb CS-¥-e-
°mcpw ]Xn-©v t]¿X-s∂-bp-≠mhpw. CXnv
]n∂n-em-bmWv 45 he-¥-e-°mcpw Ah¿°n-S-bn-
embn tafsØ kwKo-X-a-b-am-°phm≥ 30 Ce-Øm-
f-°mcpw Iq¿Ø tKm]p-cØns‚ BIr-Xn-bn¬ ne-
-
sIm-≈p-∂-Xv.
taf-I-e-bpsS hnhn-[- X-´-I-ß-fn¬n∂pw
hcp∂ Cu hmZy- I - e m- I m- c - ∑ m¿ Bdm- ´ p- ] pg

66


imkvXm-hns‚ Xncp--S-bnepw, s]cp-hw S-h-gn-
bn-epw, Ip´-s-√q¿ t£{X-tKm-]p-cØnp ap∂n-epw,
-
]Xn--©m--Ifpw sXfn-™p-I-Øp∂ Xosh-ń-I-
fpsS {]`- b pw- s Im≠v kz¿K- k - a m- - a m- I p∂
{io]q¿Æ-{X-bo-is‚ aXn¬°-IØpw apd- sX-
‰msX Hcp-jvTm--Øns‚ Znhy-tim-`-bv°p-≈n¬
Bhm-ln®v Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂ ]©m-cn-ta-f-Øns‚
kwKoX am[p- c y- Ø ns‚ t{kmX v ""Ce-
Ømf''Øns‚ Iq´m-bva- X-s∂-bm-Wv.
96 A£- c - I m- e - Ø n¬ ]S¿∂v ]¥- e n®v
n¬°p∂ hiy-a-tm-l-c-amb ]Xn-Im-e-Øn¬n-
∂p-Xs∂ Ce-Øm-fØns‚ kzXzw shfn-s∏-Sp-Ibm-
- -
bn. Xcn-bn-´p-]n-Sn-°¬ F∂ arZp-kw-Ko-XØn-eqsS
-
XpS-ßp∂ Ce-Øm-f{]-tbmKw nebpw X°n-´bpw
-
IS∂v Ipg-adn-bp-tºm-tg°pw Aßn-ßmbn Ce-Øm-
-
f-ßƒ Db¿∂p- s]m-ßp-∂Xp-Im-Wmw.
-
Hmtcm- I-emiw ASp-°p-tºmgpw Du¿÷-kz-
e-cmb Cu Iem-Im-c-∑m¿ ""Iqń-∏n-Sn-°¬'' F∂
A¤p-X-{]-tbmK-Øn-eqsS t{imXm-°-fpsS knc-
Isf {Xkn-∏n-°p-∂p. ]©m-cn-ta-f-Ønse Ce-Øm-
f-Øns‚ ]n∂o-Sp≈ hiyX {]I-S-am-Ip-∂Xv ""CSn- t£{X-Ønse hr›n-tIm-’-h-Øn-em-Is´ CXnv
tIm¬'' {]tbmK-Øn-eqsS ap≥n-c-bnse ""CS-¥- ""Xncp-ap≥]n¬'' taf-sa-∂mWv t]cv. cmP-`-c-W-Im-
e-°m¿'' tIƒhn-°msc tImƒa-bn¿ sIm-≈n-°p∂ eØv sIm®n-a-lm-cm-Pmhv tcn´v Fgp-∂≈n ]Sn-
memw Ime-Øn-em-Wv. ]{¥-≠-£-c-Im-e-ap≈ ™mtd X´p-am-fn-I-bn¬ Ccp∂v ]©m-cn-bpsS Cu
]©m-cn-ta-f-Øns‚ Cu am[p-cy-ta-dnb Ime-Øn¬ A©mw Imew Bkz-Zn-®n-cp-∂p-hs{X!
2˛3 F∂o {Ia-Øn¬ Xpd-∂p-]n-Sn-°p-Ibpw, ]n∂oSv Ce-ØmfIem-Im-c-∑m¿ k¿∆-X-{¥-kz-X-{¥-
2 XhW AS-®p- ]n-Sn-®-Xn-p-tijw Xpd-∂v]n-Sp- cmbn hnl-cn-°p∂ {ihy-kp-J{]-[m-am-bXpw Bdv
- -
Ø-tØmsS Xmf-h´w apgp-an-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ A£-cIm-eØn-ep≈ NSp-eßfmb Xmf-h´ßtfm-
- - - - - - -
memw Ime-Ønse ""he¥e''bpsS lpw¶m-c- Sp-Iq-Sn-b-Xp-amb A©mw-Imew Bkz-Zn-°p-tºmƒ,
am¿∂ i_v Z - h n- ym- k - ß sf Iqń- b n- W - ° p∂ taf- c m- P - mb ]©mcn taf- Ø ns‚ am[pcyw
t¿Ø kz-X-{¥n-bmbn Ce-Ømfw amdp-∂p. apgphw Hcp -ssI-°p-S-∂-bn-em-hm-ln-®p-X-cp-∂-Xp-
memw Ime-Øn¬ ""Ipg-a-dn-bp-∂-tXmsS'' t]m- s e- b p≈ Ap- ` q- X n- b mWv t{imXm- ° - f n¬
Ce-Øm-f-°m-cn¬ Bth-iw- I-Øn-∏-S-cpIbm-bn. DW¿Øp-I. A©mw-Im-e-Øns‚ AXn-am-[q-cy-
ASn-ÿm--Xm-f-Øns‚ Cg-]n-cn-®p≈ ""Iqń-∏n-Sp- am¿∂ Dcp- f pssI Iem- i - ß ƒ XpS- ß p-
Ø-Øns‚ kuµcyw'' ChnsS {]I-S-am-Wv. ""]Xn- tºmƒXs∂ Ce-Øm-f-°m¿ Xcn-bn-´p-]n-Sn-°-en-
Imew'' Ign-™m¬ ]©m-cn-bnse hiy-a-tm-l-c- eq-sSbpw, Iqń-∏n-Sn-°-en-eq-sSbpw Xß-fpsS kPo-
Imew GsX∂ tNmZy- Ø nv ""A©mw- I mew'' h-km-∂n≤yw hnfw-ºcw sNøp-∂p.
Xs∂-sb-∂mWv DØ-cw. FS°p∂n D{Xw -hn-f- tafw ""Ipg-a-dn-bp-∂-tXmsS'', Ch-cpsS `mhw
°nv A©mw-Im-eamWv G‰hpw ]Xn-™n-ebn¬
- - - amdp-I-bm-bn. Cu `m-h-am‰w {]I-S-ambn ImWp∂
XpS-ßp-∂-Xv. Xr∏q-Wn-Øpd {io ]q¿Æ-{X-boi apJ-ß-fn¬ Nne-XmWv aWn-bw-]-d-ºn¬ aWn-bp-

67


Xcn- b n- ´ p- ] n- S n- ° p∂ Ce- Ø m- f - ß - f n¬ n∂pw
©n’ow ©n’ow ©n’ow ©n’ow...... F∂
kz¿Ko- b - k w- K oXw ImXp- I - f n¬ tX≥a- g - b mbn
s]bvXn-d-ßp-∂p.
AXn-n-S-bn¬ Nne hnZzm-∑m¿ Iq-ń-∏nSn°pI-
Iq- S n- s N- ø p- t ºmƒ A£- c m¿∞- Ø n¬ tIƒhn-
°m¿ kzbw-a-d∂v AXn¬ Aen-™p-tN-cp-∂p.
CXn¬ Iem-i-ßƒ FSp-°p∂tXmsS ""Xmf-e-
lcn''bn¬ aØp-]n-Sn® Ce-Øm-f-°m¿ Ce-Øm-f-
ßƒ hmbp-hn¬ Npg‰n Iqń-∏n-Sn-°-ens‚ amkva-c-
h-ebw Xo¿°p-∂p. CXns‚ ASp-Ø- Im-e-Ønse
Iem-i-ß-fn¬ Ce-Øm-f-Øns‚ kwKoXw NSp-e-
X-bn-te°v IS-°p-∂-tXmsS t{imXm-°ƒ hmbp-
hn-ep-b¿∂p s]mßp-I-bm-bn.
Cu Xmf-It®-cn-bpsS, Cu Ce-Øm-fØn-s‚,
- -
kwKoX am[p-cy-Øns‚ ckm-p-`qXn ]dt™m
Fgp-Xntbm ên-∏n-°pI Akm-≤yw-X-s∂. Xo¿®-
bm-bpw AXv S-∏p-c-I-em-i-ß-fn-eqsSbpw, lnµp-
ÿmn kwKo-X-Øns‚ ""AXn-hn-fw_''Ime-Ønv
ka-amb ]Xn-Im-e-Øn-eq-sS-bpw, Xncp-ap≥]n¬ taf-
sSbpw, jmcSn apc-fn-bp-sSbpw hen-™p-ap-dp-Inb ß-fn-eqsSbpw Ap-`-hn-®-dn-bp-I-Xs∂ thWw.
`mh-{]-I-S--tØm-sS-bp≈ Iqń-∏n-SpØw. hb-mSv H∏w a- n¬ kvacn-t°≠ as‰mcp {][m--
cmtP- j ns‚ IÆp- I - f nemWv taf- e - l - c n- b psS s∏-´ -Imcyw IqSn-bp-≠v Xp—-amb {]Xn-^-etam,
Xo{hX ImWp-I. Np‰pw n¬°p∂ kl-{]-h¿Ø- Xo°p-¥w-sh-bn-tem, IØ a™p-]p-X® cm{Xn-
Isc Bthiw kv ^ pcn- ° p∂ IÆp- I - t fmsS tbm H∂pw IW-°n-se-Sp-°msX, tZho-tZ-h∑m¿°p-
-
tm°n Ah-sc-°qSn Du¿÷-kz-e-cm-°m≥ i‡n- ap-∂n¬ Xß-fpsS cmhp-Ifpw ]I-ep-Ifpw ae-bm-
bp≈hbs{X Xo]m-dp∂ Cu IÆp-Iƒ. fn-°p-am{Xw kz¥-amb Cu Xmf-It®-cn-Isf kwKo-
-
Ah- k m- sØ Iem- i w- h sc CSnan∂¬ X-a-b-am-°p∂ Cu Ce-Øm-f-°m-c-S-°-ap≈ ""taf-
t]mse an∂n-a-d-bp∂ Ce-Øm-f-ta-¥nb ssII-fp- I-em-Im-c∑m-cpsS'' A¿∏-W_p-≤nbpw, Bflm¿∞-
- -
ambn Ch¿ Iqń-]n-Sn-°-ens‚ el-cn-bn-eacp∂p. Xbpw; AXn-sms° ]pdsa Iem-kzm-Z-I-cmb
Ce-Øm-f-Øns‚ kz¿Ko-b-kpJw Ap-`-hn-°-W- tΩm-Sp≈ {]Xn-_-≤-X-bpw.
sa- ¶ n¬ ""sNºS''taf- Ø ns‚ Ah- k m- - I m- e - tIc-fØnse ap∏-Øn-ap-t°mSn tZh-XIƒ°v
- -
ßƒXs∂ tIƒ°- W w. AXs{X Xr∏q- W n- ap∂n¬ cmhpw ]Iepw hyXym-k-an-√msX Xß-
Øpdbnse ""S-∏p-cIemiw''. ""F´-£cIme''ap≈
- - - - fpsS Xmf-ss-thZyw ka¿∏n-°p-∂ Cu hmZy-I-
sNº-SbpsS Ah-km-Im-eßƒ
- - - em-Im-c-∑m¿°v ap∂n¬ kmjvSmwKw a-kv°-cn-
]Xn™p XpS-ßp-tºmƒXs∂ °pIb√msX as‰-¥p-sN-øm≥.!

inh- Z mkv h¿Ω :˛ XmacwIpfßc Aø∏tkhmkanXnbpsS {]h¿ØI≥. yq C¥y≥
FIvkv{] v Zn]{XØns‚ teJI≥. XnI™ tafm-kzm-Z-I≥.
Nn{Xßƒ°v IS∏mSv ˛ {iolcn sh¶ntSizc≥

68


sImńs‚ hk-¥Imew
-
v Fw.-B¿.-F-kv. tatm≥ v

P-ßfpsS Bkzm-Z--io-e-Ønepw PohnX
- Dƒs∏sS ]e ]qc-ß-fnepw ]m≠nbpw {][mw
ssien-bnepw h∂ am‰-ßƒ Ign™ Im¬q-‰m- Xs∂- b m- b n- c p- ∂ p. D{K- a q¿Øn- I - f mb `{Z- I mfn
≠n-n-Sbv°v tIc-fob ¢mkn-°¬ Ie-Isf {]Xn- t£{X-ß-fn¬ aXn¬°-IØv ]m≠n- sIm-´m-dp-≠v.
Iq-e-ambn _m[n-®n-´p-≠v. (bp-vkvtIm-hns‚ AwKo- Xmb-º-Isb kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw in¬∏-
Im-chpw t{]m’m-l-hpw IqSn-bm´ cwK-Øp-≠m- `-{Z-X°v {]m[myw ¬Ip∂ h≈p-h-m-Sns‚ ae-
°nb DW¿∆ns hnkva-cn-®p-sIm-≠√ CsX-gp-Xp- a-°mhv ssienbpw, Iem-Im-cs‚ k¿§-tijn {]I-
∂-Xv) F∂m¬ tIc-fob hmZy-Iesb, hnti-jn®pw
- Sn-∏n-°p∂ atm-[¿Ω {]I-S--Ønv {]m[myw
taf-tØbpw Xmb-º-I-sbbpw kw_-‘n®v, C°- ¬Ip∂ ]me-°m-S≥ ssienbpw, {]K-¤cmb nc-
-
gn™ Zi-IsØ ""sImńs‚ hk-¥-Imew'' F∂p h[n Iem-Im-c-∑m-cn-eqsS hf-cp-Ibpw hnI-kn-°p-
hnti-jn-∏n-®m¬ sX‰n-√. Ibpw sNbvXp. (ta-f-Ønepw Xmb-º-I-bnepw IY-
I-fn-bnse∂t]mse Hcp DØ-c-a-e-
_m¿ ssienbpw ne-n-∂p-h-cp-∂p-
≠v.)
taf-Øn-s‚bpw Xmb-º-I-bp-
sSbpw ]c-º-cm-K-X-amb Cu kzm[o-
- t a- J - e - I ƒ hn´v tafm- k zm- Z w
sX°≥ Pn√-I-fn-tebv°pw hym]n-
®p-sh-∂Xpw k¿§-[cmb nc-h[n
- -
]pXnb Iem-Im-c-∑m-cpw, Iem-kzm-
Z-Icpw Cu cwKØv hf¿∂p-h-∂p-
sh- ∂ Xpw sN≠- b psS Ncn- { X-
Ønse Hcp kph¿Æ Ime-ambn
Cu Zi-I-sØ-am-‰n. s]cp-hw Ip´-
∑m-cpw, a´-∂q¿ i¶-c≥Ip-ń-bpw,
tIm´-bØpw sIm√Øpw Xncp-h--
a≤y-tI-cfØn¬ h≈p-hmSv apX¬ Fd-Wm-
- - - ¥-]p-cØpw ]pXnb Xe-ap-d-bpsS lc-ambn amdn.
Ipfw Pn√-bnse cma-aw-Kew ]mgq¿ hsc-bp≈ `qhn- {]K-¤- tafIem-Im-c∑m-sc-]s¶-Sp-∏n-®p-sIm-≠p≈
- -
`m-Kam-bn-cp∂p taf-ßfpsS X´-Iw. s]cp-hw, Ccn-
- - - sIm√w- ] q- c hpw, tIm´bw ]qchpw Dƒs∏sS
ßm-e°p-S, Ip´-s-√q¿, Xriq¿, Xr∏q-Wn-Øp-d, FS-
- sX°≥ Pn√-Ifnse {]i-kvX-t£-t{Xm-’-h-ßƒ
°p∂n, Kpcp-hm-bq¿ XpS-ßnb t£{X-ßfnse D’-
- ASp-Ø-Im-e-Ømbn taf-Ønp henb {]m[myw
h-ßtfm ]qc-ßtfm Bbn-cp∂p ]©m-cn-bpsSbpw ¬Ip-∂p-≠v. IqSp-X¬ kmt¶-XnIXzw nd™
]m≠n-bp-sSbpw D∂-X- n-ehm-cap≈ {]I-S tI{µ-
- - Xmb-ºI thcp-]n-Sn-°m≥ _p≤n-ap-´p≈ sX°≥
ßƒ. aXn¬°-I-Øp-sIm-´p∂ ]©m-cn-°p-X-s∂- Pn√-I-fn¬, a´-∂q-cns‚ Xmb-ºI Hcp el-cn-bmbn
bmWv taf-ß-fn¬ BVy-Xz-sa-¶nepw, Xriq¿]pcw amdn- ° - g n- ™ p. Xncp- h n- X mw- I q¿ tZhkzw

69


t_m¿Uns‚ t£{X Iem-]o-T-Øn¬ n∂v ]Tw aXn¬°-IsØ ]m≠nbpw (Ce-™n-Ød tafw)
]q¿Øn- b m- ° p∂ hnZym¿∞n- I fpw Cu krjvSn-°p∂ B-µ-e-lcn ]I¿∂p Xcm≥ D’-
tafkwkv°mcw hf¿Øp-∂-Xn¬ henb ]¶p-h- h-ßƒt° Ign-bp.
ln-®n-´p-≠v. F°m-e-tØbpw {]K-¤ -tafIem-Im-c-∑m-
Fd-Wm-Ipfw Pn√-bnse sNdnb t£{X-ß- tcm-sSm∏w k¿§-[--cmb nc-h[n bph-I-em-Im-c-
fn¬t∏mepw H∂mwInS taf- ß ƒ Ah- X - c n- ∏ n- ∑mcpw Cu cwKØv hf¿∂phcp∂p F∂Xv sIm´p-
°p∂Xv {it≤-bam-Wv. Xma-cw-Ip-fßcbnse {]kn-
- - - - I-e-bpsS `mhn-sb-∏‰n Gsd {]Xo-£-Iƒ ¬Ip-
≤- a mb ]©mcn ]m≠n- t a- f - ß fpw, acSv Xme- ∂p. Ce-™n-Ø-d-tafw Dƒs∏sS tIc-f-Ønse
s∏menbnse s]cp-hw Ip´≥amcmcpw Ing-°q´v {]kn≤ taf-ßƒs°√mw tXrXzw ¬Ip∂
An-b≥am-cmcpw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂ ]m≠n-ta-f- s]cp-hw Ip´≥am-cm¿ Xs∂ Cu cwKsØ Ct∏m-
ßfpw ]q¿Æ-X-bp≈ taf-ß-fm-Wv. Fd-Wm-Ipfw gsØ Xmcw. F{X -h-enb taf-ßfpw nb-{¥n-°p-
Pn√- b nse Fd- W m- I pfw, hf- ™ - º - e w, ]≈p- ∂-Xn-ep≈ At±-l-Øns‚ Ign-hpw kmt¶-XnI
cpØn, ]pXnbImhv, S-°m-hv, N°w-Ip-fßc, ]≈n-
- - ⁄mhpw s]cp-h--Øns ""taf-N-{I-h¿Øn''-
∏-d-ºp-Im-hv, ]njm-cn-tIm-hn¬, cma-aw-K-ew, ]- bm°n am‰n. tIfØp Ac-hn-µm-£≥, Ing-°q´v
ßmSv KW-]Xn t£{Xw, Nn‰q¿ t£{Xw XpSßn An-b≥am-cm¿, Xncp-h√ cm-[m-Ir-jvW≥, ]gp-hn¬
-
qdp-I-W-°np t£{X-ß-fn¬ sNdpXpw hep-Xp- cLp-am-cm¿, s]cp-hw kXo-i≥am-cm¿, sNdp-t»cn
amb taf-ßƒ Ac-tß-dp-∂p. ]e- t£-{X-ß-fnepw Ip´≥am-cm¿, tNcm--√q¿ i¶-c≥Ip-ń-am-cm¿, a´-
mS-Ißfp-sSbpw, Km-ta-fIfp-sSbpw ÿmw taf-
- - - - ∂q¿ i¶- c ≥Ip- ´ n- a m- c m¿ (Xn- c p- h - º mSn tafw)
ßƒ Gs‰-Sp-Ø-Xmbn ImWmw. nc-h[n t£{X- XpSßn {]K-¤-cmb nc-h[n Iem-Im-c-∑m¿ ap≥n-
ß-fn¬ S-Ø-s∏-Sp∂ taf-hn-Zym-e-b-ß-fn-eqsS c-°m-cmbpw {]am-W-°m-cmbpw taf-cw-KsØ Xmc-
qdp-I-W-°np hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ tafw Ac-tßdn ß-fmbn tim`n-°p-∂p. taf- cw-KsØ G‰hpw
]pd-Øp- h-cp-∂p. sN≠ A`ym-kw A`n-Pm-X-amb henb {]Xo- £ - b m- b n- c p∂ Im®mw- I p- d n®n
H∂mbn AwKo-Imcw tSn-°-gn-™p. tafwsIm≠p- IÆ≥amcm-cpsS AIm-e-hn-tbmKw Cu cwKsØ
am{Xw amy-ambn Pnhn-°m-hp∂ Hchÿ ssIh- Ign™ Zi- I - Ø nse G‰hpw henb jv S -
∂Xp aqe-ap-≠mb kmº-ØnI kpc-£nXXzw, nc- ambncp∂p. Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿ tZhkzw t_m¿Uns‚
h[nt]¿ Kuc-h-]q¿∆w Cu cwK-tØ°v IS-∂p-h- t£{X- I - e m- ] o- T - Ø n- e qsS qdp- I - W - ° np
cm-p-≈ kml-N-cy-ap-≠m°n. hnZym¿∞n- I ƒ°v sN≠- h m- Z - - Ø ns‚ Ie
taf-ßƒ C∂pw ne-n¬°p-∂Xp t£t{Xm- ]I¿∂p-sIm-SpØ kZw Znhm-I-c-am-cm-¿, taf -cw-
’-hßfn-eqsS am{X-am-Wv. Hcp Iem-]cn-]mSn F∂
- - - KØp am{X-a√ Xmb-ºI IY-Ifn-s°m-´v, tkm]m
-
ne°v CXv hnP-bn-°m-p≈ km[yX Xosc-°p-d- kwKo-Xw, FS-°, AXn-k-¶o¿Æ-amb ]mWnhm-
hm- W v . cm{Xn- b psS n»- _ v Z - X - b n¬, s‰n- ∏ ´w Zw XpSßn t£{X-kw-_-‘-amb F√m hmZy-
sIńb B-Ifpw Xosh-ń-Ifpw tN¿∂p krjvSn- tafIe-I-fnepw imkv{Xo-b-⁄m-hpw cwK-{]-tbm-
°p∂ Aùa-amb Hc¥-co£w Cu tafßƒs°m- K-]m-S-hhpw D≈ {]K-¤-mWv. ]pXnb Xe-ap-d-
cp-°p∂ ]›m-Ø-e-`wKn krjvSn-°m≥ Hcp Iem- bpsS {]Xn-n[nIfmbn GXp henb tafhpw {]am-
]-cn-]m-Sn°p km[y-a-√t√m? F{X-sbms° {]K¤ Wn-°m-p≈ {]m]vXn tSnb Xr∏q-Wn-Øpd atl-
Iem-Im-c-∑m¿ ]s¶-Sp-Ømepw, Xr∏q-Wn-Øp-d-bn- jn-tbpw tNµ-aw-Kew DÆn-Ir-jvW-am-cm-tcbpw
tebpw Ccn-ßm-e-°p-S-bn-tebpw aXn¬°-IsØ CØ-cp-W-Øn¬ kvacn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-∂Xv icn-b-√.
]©m- c nbpw, ]u¿Æan cm{Xn- b n¬ {_m“- a p- sN≠-ta-f-ß-fn¬ ]m≠nbpw ]©m-cn-bp-sam-
lq¿Ø-Ønse Ip´--√q¿ ]©m-cnbpw, ]mXn-cm- gn-®p≈ AS¥, A©-S-¥, Nº, sN-º-S, {[phw˛
hnse FS-°p-∂ ]-©m-cnbpw Xriq¿]qc-Ønse Nº XpS-ßnb A]q¿∆ taf-ßƒ°v Ah-k-c-ßƒ

70


hf-sc-°p-dn®p am{Xta e`n-°p-∂p-≈q. ]©m-cn-ta- tI-c-f-Ønse ssien-Ifpw A`y-kn®v kzmwio-I-
f- s Ø- t ∏mse Ch- s b√mw sNº- S - X m- f - Ø n- cn®v sImńv Xt‚-Xm-sbmcp ssien- cq-]-s∏-SpØn
ep≈XmI-bm¬ ]©m-cn-sImń ioen® Hcp Iem- sImńs ImgvN-bpsS Ie- Iq-Sn-bm°n am‰nb a´-
Im-cv ]cn-io-e--Øn-eqsS Ch sIm´m-m-Ipw. ∂q¿ i¶-c≥Ipń Xmb-º-I-bpsS P-{]n-b-X°p
Xr∏q-Wn-Øpd t£{X-Øn¬ ]©mcn sImń-°-em- hen- b - ] - ¶ p- h - l n- ® n- ´ p- ≠ v . Iem- I m- c v G‰hpw
in-®-tijw (Xn-cp-ap-ºn¬ tafw) AS-¥-bn¬ hl- Db¿∂ {]Xn- ^ ew hmßm- p≈ kml- N cyw
sIm-épw sNº-S-bpsS Ah-km--Im-ehpw (-S-∏p- krjvSn-s®-Sp-ØXpw a´-∂q¿ Xs∂-bm-Wv. a‰p hmZy-
c-ta-fw) sImń-h-cm-dp-s≠-¶nepw, Chsb ]q¿Æ- ß-tfmSv tN¿∂p sN≠-bpsS Bhn-jv°m-cßfpsS - -
ta-f-ß-fmbn sIm´m-dn-√. H‰tafw am{X-ap≈ ]qc- ]pXnb taJ-e-Iƒ Is≠-Ønb a´-∂q-cnv, ]c-º-
ßƒt°m Xme-s∏m-ent°m CXp _p≤n-ap-´m-sW- cm-KX Bkzm-ZI taJ-e°v ]pdØpw Bcm-[-Isc
¶nepw, 16 ]©m-cnbpw (B-dm´p Ign-™p- h-∂p≈ tSm≥ Ign-™n-´p-≠v. sN≠-bpsS taJ-ebnte°p
aXn¬°-IsØ ]©mcn Dƒs∏-sS) Hcp ]m≠nbpw BZy-ambn ]fl{io tSn-sb-Sp-ØXpw a´-∂q¿
Hcp ]©- h m- Z yhpw sIm´p∂ Xr∏q- W n- Ø p- d Xs∂-bm-Wv. ]me-°m-S≥ ssien-bpsS {]tbm-‡m-
-t]m-esØ D’-h-ßƒ°v Nne- Zn-h-k-ß-fn-se- °-fn¬ I√q¿ cma≥Ip-ńbpw, It√-°p-f-ßc A®p-
X≥Ipńbpw Xs∂ Kpcp-
ÿm- o- b ¿. k{º- Z mb
ip≤n- b p≈ ae- a - ° mhv
ssien-bn¬ k¿§-[--cmb
nc-h[n bph-Iem-Im-c∑m¿
- -
kPo-h-ambn cwK-Øp-s≠-
¶nepw, XrØm- e - B-
en∏dºps]-cp-a-bpsS N{I-
h¿Øn knwlm-k--ßƒ
Hgn™p InS- ° p∂p.
t]mcq¿ DÆn- I r- j v W ≥,
at©cn lcn- Z mkv,
I¬∏mØn _me- I r-
jvW≥ ote-izcw kt¥m-
jv, a´-∂q¿ {iocm-P,v a´-∂q¿
¶nepw Ch ]co-£n®v tm°p-∂Xv Iem-Im-c- {ioIm-¥v, XrØme i¶-c-Ir-jvW≥ XpSßn Cu
∑m¿°pw Bkzm-Z-I¿°pw Ap-{K-l-am-bn-cn°pw. taJ-e-bn¬ nc-h[n {]Xn-`m-im-en-Iƒ hnhn[
]m≠n-ta-fw t]mse D’-hØnp aXn¬°-IØv
- ssien-Iƒ ]n¥p-S¿∂p-sIm≠p Xmb-º-I-bpsS
sImń-°qSm F∂ nb-aw Chbv°p _m[-Ia√.- - `mhnkpc£nXamsW∂p Dd-∏p-¬Ip-∂p. Ct∏mƒ
h≈p- h - m- ´ nepw ]me- ° m- ´ p- a mbn cq]w- kPo- h - a mbn cwK- Ø n- s √- ¶ nepw a´- ∂ q- c ns‚
sIm≠p hnI-kn® Xmb-º-I-bnse {]K¤ Iem- KpcpmY-pw, N{µ-a-∂m-Un-bm-cpsS injypamb
Im-c-∑m¿, C∂pw B taJ-e-bn¬ n∂v Xs∂-bm- kZw hmkp-tZ-hs‚ kw`m-hItfbpw kvacn-t°- - - -
Wv. ]t£ tIc-f-sam-´msI Hcp ]pØ≥ Bkzm- ≠-Xp-≠v.
ZI kaqlw Xmb-º-I°v hf¿∂v h∂n-´p-≠v. IrjvW≥Ip-ń-s∏m-Xp-hm-fn-eq-sSbpw, Ip´≥am-
AXyp-ØctIc-f-Øns‚ hmZ--ssi-en-bn¬ ]T-- cm-cn-eq-sSbpw hf¿∂p hnI-kn® IY-I-fn-s°m´v
am-cw-`n®v h≈p-h-m-ń¬ ÿnc-Xm-a-k-am°n a≤y- sN≠-bpsS hmZ km≤yXIsf Gsd {]tbm-P-

71


-s∏-Sp-Ønb Hcp cwK-am-Wv. Nn´-{]-[m--amb GXp [mcmfw Iem-Im-c-∑m¿ IS-∂p-h-∂p-sh-∂Xp Cu
IY- I ƒ°pw alm- - S - ∑ m- t cm- s Sm∏w sIm´m≥ Ie°p ]pXn- s bmcp amw ¬Ip- ∂ p. ]t£
{]m]v X n- b p≈ Iem- a - W v U ew DÆn- I r- j v W ≥, Chsc Dƒs°m-≈m-p≈ lrZ-b-hn-im-eX mw
IemaWvUew cma≥ ºq-Xncn IemaWvUew Cnbpw B¿÷n-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.
IrjvWZmkv IemaWvUew _e-cm-a≥ tIm´-°¬
- qdpIW-°np Iem-Im-c-∑m¿ ]s¶-Sp-°p∂,
{]kmZv XpSßn {]K-¤-∑m¿ C∂v cwK-Øp-≠v. aq∂p apX¬ me-c-hsc aWn-°qdpIƒ o≠p-
sImńs‚ Ie-bn¬ amcm¿, Aº-e-hmkn n¬°p∂, kq£va-amb KWn-X-]-≤-Xn-ItfmSp-Iq-
XpS- ß nb kh¿Æ kap- Z m- b - ß - t fm- s Sm∏w, Snb, taf-sa∂ Iem-cq]w bmsXmcphn[ dntl-
imkv { Xo- b - a mb taf- ] - ≤ - X n- I - f n¬ {]mhoWyw gvkepw IqSmsX Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m≥ Ign-bp∂psh∂-
tSnb nc- h [n Iem- I m- c - ∑ m¿ CXc kap- XmWv ]m›mXy Iem-kzm-ZIsc A¤p-Xs∏-Sp-Øp-
- -
Zmbßfn¬ n∂pw, {]tXy-In®v ]nt∂m° kap- ∂-Xv. taf-Øn-p- Xpeyw as‰mcp hmZy-Iq-´mbva tem-
Zm-b-ß-fn¬ n∂v Db¿∂p-h-∂n-´p-≠v. ]√-» IØv as‰ßpw C√. imkv{Xo-bhpw kmt¶-Xn-I-
Ip´≥am-cm-cpsS {]injy]c-ºcbn¬s∏´ Xr∏q-Wn-
- - hp-amb ⁄mw Cs√-¶n¬t∏mepw, Xmf-t_m-[-
Øpd kPo-h≥ CXn-smcp DZm-l-c-W-am-Wv. F√m- ap≈ Hcp kaq-l-Ønv Cu Iesb Dƒs°m-≈m-
Øcw taf-ßfpw Nn´-bmbn S-Øm≥ {]m]vXn- mhqw F∂mWv taf-Øns‚ P-{]n-bX ImWn-
bp≈ kPo-h≥, Xnane hmZ--Ønepw {it≤-b- °p-∂-Xv. thK-X-bpsS Cu bpK-Ønepw ]Xn-Im-e-
mWv. hen-sbmcp injy-k-ºØpw kPo-h-p-≠v. Øns‚ kuµcyw Bkz-Zn-°m≥ Ign-hp≈ Hcp Xe-
Ay-h¬°-cn-°-s∏-ń-cp∂ kaq-l-Øn¬ n∂pw apd hf¿∂p-h-cp-∂Xv sImńs‚ Ie-bpsS `mhn-
imkv{Xo-b-amb taf-Øns‚ s]mXp-[m-c-bn-te°p tim-`--am-sW-∂-Xnv sXfn-hm-Wv.

Fw. B¿. Fkv . tatm≥ :˛ -m¬∏Xne[nIw h¿jßfmbn IpńIƒ°v B≤ymflnI
kmwkv°mcnI ]T¢m pIƒ SØnhcp∂p. dn´. sI. Fkv. C. _n. A°u≠vkv Hmôk¿,
Xr∏qWnØpd IYIfn tI{µØnt‚bpw A¥¿t±iob IqSnbm´ tI{µØnt‚bpw kPoh{]h¿ØI≥.

t£{X n¿ΩmW {]h¿Ø--ß-fn¬ [-k-a¿∏Ww S-Øn-bm¬ Ign™ Ggv P∑-
ß-fn-tebpw hcp∂ Ggp-P-∑-ß-fn-tebpw ]m]w C√m-Xm-Ip-sa∂v sshjvWh kwln-X-
Iƒ ]d-bp-∂p.


72


aa `mKyw taf-{Xbw
v s]cp-hw kXo-i≥ amcm¿ v
Xr∏q-Wn-Øpd F∂p -tI-´m¬ Bcp-tSbpw {]kn-≤-am-W-t√m. AXp-t]m-se-Xs∂, Xma-cw-Ip-
a- n¬ HmSn-sb-Øp-∂Xv `‡n-bpsS ]qc-I-ß- f-ßc {io[¿Ω-imkvXm t£{X-Ønse aI-c-hn-
fmb ]q¿Æ-{X-bo-ipw, Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc {io [¿Ω- f°v Znhkw (a-Icw 1˛mw Xob-Xn) S-°p∂ taf-
im-kvXm-hp-am-Wv. IqSmsX nc-h[n tZho-tZ-h-∑m¿ {X-bsØ°pdn®pw Aev]w kqNn-∏n-°-s´.
IpSn-sIm-≠v Ap-{K-l-ßƒ sNmcn-bp∂ mSmWv Hcp]-Xn-‰m-≠n-te-sd-bmbn Rm≥ apS-ßmsX
Xr∏q-Wn-Øpd F∂v F√m-h¿°pw Adn-bmw. ]s¶-Sp-°p∂ Hcp al-Ømb, AXn-{]-i-kvX-amb,
BtLm-j-amWv Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc aIc hnf-°n-tm-
S-p-_-‘n®v S-°p∂ ]©m-cn-ta-fw.
taf-I-e-bnse ""Ipe-]Xn'' F∂pw, ]©m-cn-
bnse ""cmPmhv'' F∂pw F√m-hcpw hnti-jn-∏n-
®n-cp∂ a¨a-d™ Fs‚ ]nXmhv N°w-Ipfw A∏p-
am-cm¿, {io. Xrt∏-°pfw A®p-X≥amcm¿ XpS-ßnb
{]K- ¤ ¿ ssIøpw saøpw ad∂v BÀm- Z - Ø n-
an¿t∏msS taft-{]-an-I-fpsS Bth-i-am°n Xo¿Ø
tIc-f-Ønse {]kn-≤-ß-fmb ]qc-ßƒ, D’-h-
ßƒ F∂-t]mse Xs∂ ""Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc taf-
{X-b''sØbpw Ah¿ AXns‚ ]cn-]q¿Æ-X-bn¬
FØn®p. C∂v Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc taf-{Xbw temI-
{]-kn-≤am-Wv. Ct∏mƒ {io. kZw Znhm-Ic≥ amcm-
- -
cpw, Rmpw {]am-Wn-am-cm-Wv. tIc-f-Ønse mm-
`m-K-ß-fn¬ n∂p≈ tafm-kzm-Z-I¿ aIcw 1˛mw
XobXn Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc {io [¿Ω-im-kvXm-t£{X
k∂n-[n-bn-se-Øpw.
hfsc imkv{Xo-b-ambn, Ime-{]-am-W-tØm-
sS, Iqd-S-°-tØmsS, kwKoX Xmf-e-b-tØmsS,
aq∂c aWn-°q-tdmfw ofp∂ ]©m-cn-ta-f-amWv
Xma- c w- I p- f - ß - c - b nse tafw. H∂c aWn- ° q¿
hnkvX-cn® ]Xn-Imew, AXn--p-kr-X-ambn c≠mw
Imehpw aq∂pw, mepw Ime-ßfpw. A©mw Imew
3/4 aWn-°q¿ hnkvX-cn®v D≠m-Ipw. Hcp XnI™
]©mcn taf-Ønv aq∂c aWn-°q¿ kabw th≠n-
hr›nIamk-Ønse tNmXn Znhkw sImSn- h-cpw.
I-b-‰-tØmsS XpS-ßp∂ ]q¿Æ-{X-bo-is‚ D’- 4 aWn-°q¿ sIm´p∂ ]©mcn taf-ßfpw
h-Ønse {][m Cw ]©m-cn-ta-f-am-Wv. hniz- D≠v. ]t£ aq∂v˛aq∂c aWn-°qdn¬ IqSp-X¬
hn-Jym-X-cmb taf-a-lm-c-Y-∑m¿ AS-°n-hmW Xr∏q- o≠p t]mbm¬, ka-b-Øn--p-k-cn®v Ime-ßƒ,
Wn-Øpd t£{XaXn¬°-IsØ ]©m-cn-tafw Iem-i-ßƒ, taf-Øns‚ ]e L´-ßƒ F∂nh

73


ot´-≠n-h-cpw. DZm-l-c-W-Ønv ne, XIn´ Ipg-a- ∂p. AXp-t]mse Xs∂ Fs‚ Ffnb Ign-hns
dn-™°mew aq∂c aWn-°q¿ taf-am-bm¬ B tafw
- CjvSs∏-ńcp∂ tPyjvTktlm-Zc≥ aä-d™ hn-
- -
XnI™ taf-ambn F∂v ]q¿∆n-I¿ ]d-bm-dp-≠v. b≥ F∂pw Fs‚ a- n¬ ambmsX n¬°pw.
Kwò-c-amb ]©m-cn-ta-f-Ønp apºn¬ IÆn-p-Ip- hfsc `wKn- b mbn aIchnf- ° m- t Lmjw
fn¿Ω ¬Ip∂ s‰n-∏´w sIń, Be-h-´-hpw, n¿∆-ln®pt]m-cp-∂ Aø∏ tkhm-k-anXn `mc-hm-
sh¨Nm-a-chpw hoin, Xe-bmń n¬°p∂ KP- ln-I-tfmSp≈ Fs‚ kvtlw, IS-∏mSv AXv
tI-k-cn-Iƒ taf-Ønp tIaØw ]I-cp∂p. AXpw F∂pw ne-n¬°-s´-sb∂v {]m¿∞n-°p-∂p. taf-
Xma-cw-Ip-f-ß-c-bn¬ {]kn≤w Xs∂. sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ Cu teJw {io]q¿Æ-{X-bo-i-
D®-bv°p-tijw 3 1/2 aWn-tbm-Sp-IqSn Bcw- t‚bpw {io[¿Ω-im-kvXm-hn-s‚bpw s]cp-h-Øv
`n-°p∂ {]kn-≤-amb ""Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc
]©-hm-Zy-Øn¬'' tIc-fØnse {]K-¤-
-
cmb H´pan° hmZy-I-em-Im-c-∑mcpw
]s¶-Sp-°p-∂p. 7 aWn-tbmsS kam-]n-
°p∂ Cu tafw Xr∏q- W n- Ø p- d - b n-
tebpw ]cn-k-c-ß-fn-tebpw H∂mwInS
]©-hm-Zy-ambn IW-°m-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.
cm{Xn 11 aWn-tbmsSbp≈ Fgp-
∂-≈n-∏np≈ ]m≠n-tafw {]kn-≤-am-
Wv . c≠p aWn- ° q¿ ofp- ∂ - X m- W v
]m≠n-tafw (c≠p aWn-°q-sd-¶nepw
Hcp √]m≠n-ta-f-Ønv thWw).
Xr∏q-Wn-Øpd Xma-cw-Ip-fßc taf-
-
Ønv Rm≥ BZy- a mbn hcp- ∂ Xv
sImºvhnZzm≥ {io. IpΩØv cma≥mb¿ Gev]n-®- Cc-´-b-∏-s‚bpw Xr∏m-Z-ß-fn¬ Rm≥ hn-b-]p-c-
X-p-kcn-®m-W.v AXv henb Imcy-ambn Rm≥ ImWp-
- cw ka¿∏n-°p-∂p.

s]cp-hw kXo-i≥ amcm¿ :˛ tafm-Nm-cy≥ N°w-Ipfw A∏p-am-cm-cpsS ]p{X≥. Xma-cw-Ip-f-
ßc Dƒs∏sS nc-h[n taf-ßƒ°v {]amWw hln-°p-∂p.

ùMr OqîMem£e MjCX!
DÿoevùhYgabû MjCcÖh¥ e
DÿoevX cueoevX
Snâ e bqóbgX bôËfkcemèfw Mem£ e XheöfaveëvgyÀfòª g vëègÿ
“DÿoevX” HçfanTx Goejceãf mXYebv sòÖgk. mXYebvkW Y©pv~ägsë
ahjfw “SzaøebxsczÜe”ãgX DÖh¥ ambemcflfTx vwkebgÿleCx.

74


sN≠-ap-WvUm-kp-c≥!
v B¿.-sI. Zmtam-Z-c≥ v
(Ihn, Km-c-N-bn-Xmhv)
"sNØw' (i-_vZw) F∂ hm°n¬ n∂s{X ""tXmfn¬ tN¿Øp tNem¿∂-a-ń˛
sN≠bp≠m-b-Xv. "]Xn-s-´p-hm-Zyhpw sN≠-bv°p- ewKpeo hn{àw XpS-cth
Xmsg'sb∂ ]g- s ©m√pw Cu sNØ- Ø ns‚ `mhw Imó-Sp∂p sN≠-bmƒ''
Kmwò-cysØ AYhm D®-ÿm-bnsb DZvtLm-jn- F∂v F¥p-sIm≠v ap°v ]pI-gvØn-∏d™p-IqSm? - -
°p-∂-Xm-Imw. ap-jy≥ Hcp nanjw Ien-Xp≈n Ae-dn-bm¬
ssIemkw ssIøn-se-SpØv AΩm--am-Sn-b- Ahs Akp-c-s∂v Bsc-¶nepw n-bv°ptam?
t∏mƒ ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn® tLmc-i_vZ˛c-hw-˛-Øn¬ sNØw am{X-a√ sN≠. sNØw tIƒ∏n-
n∂mWv "cmh-W≥' F∂ t]cv Akp-c-cm-P-p-≠m- °p-∂-sX√mw sN≠-bp-a-√, an∂p-∂-sX√mw s]m∂-
b-Xs{X! AXp-t]msebmWv sN≠bv°pw Hcp s√-∂-t]m-se. ]m´bpw ]S-°-hp-sam∂pw mw hmZy-
"Akp-cXzw' A-`n-⁄¿ Iev]n-®p-¬In-b-Xv. ambn FÆm-dn-√-t√m.
F¥m-bmepw, Fß-s-bm-bmepw "sN≠-sIm-´pI' hcn- ° - π m- h ns‚˛ sIm∂, Icn- ß m- e n,
F∂ hm°nv A_≤w ]nWbpIsb∂pw, "sN≠- sNºIw Bhmw ˛ ImX¬ If™ Ip‰n. Imf-
sIm-ń-°pI'sb∂-Xnv hnj-an-∏n-°p-I-sb∂pw, tØm¬ hcn™ h´w. h°p-Ib¿ ]mInb ]{¥≠p
-
"sN≠Ø'sa∂- X nv t`mj- Ø - s a- ∂ p- s ams° Zzmcw. Cuc≠v Cg-Iƒ tIm¿Ø IpØp-hm¿.
"i_vZXm-cm-hen' A¿∞w ]d-™p-sh-®n-cn-°p-tºm-
- IpØp-hm-dns‚ ÿm-t`-Z-ßƒ sN≠-sb∂ tIc-
se, sN≠sb Akp-c-K-W-Øn¬s∏Sp-Øn-b-hs f-Øns‚ D’-h_nw_Ønv (a-lm-Ihn Hf∏-a-Æ-
"sN≠'s∂p (a-≠≥) Xs∂ ap-°p-hn-ti-jn-∏n- bpsS hnti- j - W w) apjy
°mw. kl-Pamb hnImc`mj-bpsS h-ckkz-ct`-Zßƒ,
- - - - -
""sIm´pw ASnbpw sN≠bv°v P∑m ¬In-bn-cn-°p-∂p.
]´pw hfbpw amcm¿°v'' tZl_‘w tm°n-bm¬ sN≠, ""Benw-
F∂v Rm≥, ]g-s©m¬ tIm¿sØmcp ]m´p-c-Nn®v Ky- Ø nepw'' hmZy- n- e - b n¬ ""Du¿[- I - Ø nepw''
Kmb-I≥ DÆn-ta-tm-s-s°m≠v ]≠v ]mSn-®n-´p- Dƒs∏-Sp-∂p. kzmXn-ap-n-bpsS hymJym--Øn¬
≠v. ]mhw sN≠ Ω-f-Xns Akp-c-m°n Ah- Benw-tKym¿[-I-ßƒ°v bYm-{Iaw sFcm-h-W-˛-
tl-fn-®p. IjvSw! hmkvX-h-Øn¬ sN≠, Akp- X-UnXv taL-m-Z-ß-fm-Wv.
ctm? AtXm tZh-tm, ap-jytm? Ah--≤- CS- ¥ eh°Øv hnc¬ Du∂p∂"W'
hm-Zy-amb (N¿a-hm-Zyw) "sN≠' Akp-cp-a√, kpc-
- Imchpw (Imw), Sp-hn¬ mep hnc¬ tN¿Øp-
p-a√, ap-jy-K-W-Øn¬s∏-´-Xm-sW-∂mWv Fs‚ sIm-´p∂ "[nw' Imchpw (Kpw), Sp°v ssI∏Sw
]£w. Ncn®v sIm´p∂ Nmepw (Ø), ]Sw Iagv Ø n
""aSn-bn¬ tN¿Øp -tN-Wm¿∂ ań-ew-Kp-eo-hn-{àw sIm´p∂ s]mØpw (t[mw) tNcp-tºmƒ "Øt[mw-
XpS-cth Kpw°mw' F∂mWv mZw. Cu "ssIØmcn'Iƒ
cmKw Imó-Sp∂p hn]©nI'' H∂pwXs∂ cmh-W-c-h-a√ Db¿Øp-∂-sX∂v Ic-
F∂v hoWsb hmgvØn Ihn ]mSn-b-Xp-t]m-se˛ tfm¿°p∂ Iem-kzm-ZIv Is≠-Øp-hm≥ Ign-bpw.
-

75


ip≤-kw-Ko-X-Ønv AI-º-Sn-bmbn ]°-Øn- bmYm¿∞yw. f- N - c n- X - a m- S p∂ S- p- t h≠
cn-°p∂ ""]°-ta-f''-am-bmWv Xmf-hm-Zy-ßƒ as‰- "irwKmcw' ]I-cmpw, GI-Xmf Iem-i-Øns‚
hn-sSbpw hny-kn-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂-Xv. ae-bm-f-Øn- lp¶mcw apg-°mpw sN≠-bv°mhpw ˛ hmZy-°m-
em-Is´, Ipdp-¶p-gens apºn¬ Ipºn-Sp-hn-®v, kwKo-
- - cs‚ ssh`-hm-p-k-c-Ww.
XsØ t]mj-I-am°n "]°m-taf'amhp∂ kzX-{¥- h-c-k-ß-fm-Sp∂ Ss‚ `mhm-hn-jv°m-c-ß-
XmfhmZy-Ie ap°p kz¥-am-Wv. sfm-s°bpw sN≠-bv°p-am-hpw. "sNØw' apg-°m≥
]©-Ime ]©mcn ]mSp∂ sN≠, tXm¬∏- am{X-a√ NnØw ab-°mpw sN≠bv°p ]‰pw ˛
‰m¿∂ ssIØ-tem-S-em¬ emky-kp-µcmZm-p- tXm¬∏- ‰ p≈ ssIbn¬ AXv kwb- a n- b m- h pw.
`hw ¬Ip∂ ck-cm-P≥ Xs∂-bs√? tIm¬∏-‰p≈ ssIbn¬ tIma-chpw.
F∂m¬, Iqń-s∏-cp°n (sIm-ep-ºn) mep- CS-¥-e-˛-h-e-¥es®≠-Ifpw IY-I-fn-˛-ta-f-˛-
Im-eØn¬, mZ-Kcn-as]-øp∂ "]m≠n' sN≠-bpsS
- - - Xm-b-º-I-s®-≠-I-fp-sams° mZ-Øns‚ h-c-k-
]ucp-j-am-Wv. sX√v AXn-i-tbm‡n Ie¿Øn- cpNnt`Z-ß-fm-Wv ap°v ]I-cp-∂-Xv.
bm¬, sN≠ "]©mcn'bn¬ n∂v "]m≠n'bn irwKmcw cXnbpw, lmkyw lmkhpw,
te°v "kmXznI'Øn¬ n∂v "cmPk'Ønte-°p≈ IcpWw timIhpw, cu{Zw t{Im[hpw, hocw D’m-
`mh-Zqcw ]men-°p-∂p. sN≠-sb∂ Htcb{¥w lhpw, `bm-Iw `bhpw, _o`’w PpKp-]vkbpw,
Xs∂-bmWv c≠p coXn Ah-ew-_n-°p-tºmƒ, A¤pXw hnkva-bhpw, im¥w ia-hp-ambn, ap-
c≠p `mh-Øn¬ s]cp-am-dp-∂-Xv. jy-n¬ {]I-Sn-X-am-Ip-∂-Xp-t]mse, sN≠-bn¬
Xmb-ºIsb-Sp-Øp-tm-°q. ]Xn-Im-eØnepw
- - - {]tbm-‡m-hns‚ atm-[¿Ω-ap-kcn®pam{Xw mZ-
- -
Iqdnepw ]mSp∂ sN≠-b√ GI-Xm-fØns‚ mep-
- `m-h-ßƒ {]I-Sn-X-am-hp-I-bm-Wv.
L-´ßfn-embn Ae-dp∂ sN≠. Hcp ]s£ sN≠-
- - {]tbm-‡mhv GXp atm-hn-Im-cam-tWm atm-
-
bpsS bYm¿∞ Akp-c-kz-`mhw Xmb-º-I-bpsS [¿Ω-ambn sN≠-bn¬ Bhn-jv°cn-°p-∂Xv, sN≠
-
XrXob]mZ-amb GI-Xm-f-Øn-emWv hy‡-am-Ip- AXp-ambn XmZm-flyw {]m]n®v AtX-hn-Im-ctØmsS -
∂- X v. amcm¿, GI- X m- f - L - ´ - Ø n¬ IØ {]Xn-Icn-°p-I am-{X-amWv sNøp-∂Xv.
- - -
t¿tIm¬ hnymkw S-Øp-tºm-gmWv, cu{Z-ò-a- t¿tIm- e ns‚ ]pcp- j - X zhpw Dcp- f ns‚
mbn As√-¶n¬ cm£-k-cm-h-W-mbn sN≠ kvss{XW-Xbpw Hs° amcm-cpsS atm-[¿Ω-am-
Ae-dp-∂-Xv. sW∂v Npcp-°w. adn®v Ah sN≠-bpsS sNØ-
irwKmc-∏-Z-am-Sp∂ thf-bn¬ IrjvW≥Ipń io-e-ß-f-√. AXp-sIm≠v Akp-c-√ sN≠-sb∂v
s∏mXp-hmfns‚ h≠p aqfp∂ sN≠-sb-ßs ap°v Cn sImń-tLm-jn-°mw. FXn¿]m-´p- ]m-
Akp-c-mIpw? At∏mƒ sN≠ kzX-th, Akp-c- Sp∂ Ipbn-en-s-t∏mse atm-[¿Ω-sa∂ amcmsc
-√. AXn-s GtXXp `mh-ß-fn¬ {]tbm-Kn-°p- Ap-I-cn-°p∂ ap-jy-K-W-Øn¬ X-s∂-bm-hs´
∂pthm, AXXp ka-b-ß-fn¬ sN≠ AXXp Cu ae-bm-f-hm-Zy-hn-ti-j-Ønpw ÿmw.
hnImc{]I- S - - ß ƒ S- Ø p∂psh∂XmWv sN≠ Akp-c--√, A√
sN≠ Aa-c-mWv
Aa-c-mb c-mWv!

B¿.-sI. Zmtam-Z-c≥ :˛ `‡n-Km--c-N cwKsØ A{K-K-Wy≥. ""lcn-h-cm-kw'' ]pc-kv°mctPXm-
hv. XnI™ tafm-kzm-Z-I≥.

76


taf-ta-Xm-bm-epw......
v sI.-hn. apc-fo-tam-l≥ v
t£{X-ß-fmepw t£t{Xm-’-h-ß-fmepw tZh- h m- Z y- — mb ¬°p- ∂ p- s ≠- ∂ mWv kqN- .
kº-∂-amb tIc-fsØ ""ssZh-Øns‚ kz¥w F¶n¬ ]m≠n-ta-f-Øn-se-∂-t]mse c≠p-tIm¬
msS∂v'' Btcm hnti-jn-∏n®p ˛ XnI®pw kzm`m- D]-tbm-Kn®p sIm´p∂ ]©m-cn-tafw (Kp-cp-hm-bq¿
hn-Iw. ssZh-Øns‚ kz¥w Ap-jvTm--I-e-I-fn¬ {]kn-≤w) tZh-hm-Zy-a-√m-Xm-Iptam?
{]Np-cßfmb taf-ßsf tZhm-kpc {]Ir-XØns‚
- - - ]m≠n-tafw t£{X-a-Xn¬°-IØv km[m-c-
t]cn¬ th¿Xn-cn-°m≥ Hcp {iaw ˛ Xo¿Øpw W-bmbn sIm´m-dn-√. CsX-¥p-sIm-≠mWv F∂Xv
Akzo-Im-cyw. BNm-cm-p-jvTm--ß-tfm-sS-bp≈ DØcw In´mØ tNmZy--ambn F∂pw ne-n¬°pw.
Fgp- ∂ - ≈ n- ∏ p- I - f n¬ AI- º - S n- b m- I p∂ taf- ]m≠n F∂- hm- ° nv hntZin F∂¿∞- a p-
ßƒ°pw Bkp-c-]-cn-th-jtam? s≠∂pw, kztZin A√mØXnm-emWv t£{Xm-
¶-W-ß-fn¬ ]m≠n-ta-f-Ønv hne-°p-I-ev]n-°-s∏-
´n-´p-≈-sX∂pw Fhn-sStbm {]Xn-]m-Zn-®p-I-≠p.
F∂m¬ hniz-{]-kn-≤-amb Xr»n-h-t]-cq¿ ]qc-
Øns‚ apJ-ap-{Z-bmb ""Ce-™n-Ø-d-tafw'' hS-°p-
∂mYs‚ t£{X-a-Xn¬°I-ØmWv Ac-tß-dp-∂-
Xv. CsXm∂psIm≠p-am{Xw ]m≠n-tafw ssZho-I-
ambnØotc-≠-Xt√?
]©m-cn-ta-f-Øn-pw, ]m≠n-ta-f-Ønpw D]-
tbm-Kn-°p∂ hmZy-ß-sf√mw H∂pX-s∂-bm-Wv.
taf-ß-fn¬ ]©m-cn-ta-fsØ ""tZh-hmZyw'' c≠p taf-ßfpw IrXy-amb A£-c-Im-e-Øn¬
F∂pw, ]m≠n-ta-fsØ ""Akp-chm-Zy-''sa∂pw hnti-
- A[n-jvTn-Xw. ]©m-cn°v Bdp A£-cIm-esa-¶n¬,
- -
jn-∏n-°s∏-´p-hcp-∂p. c≠p taf-ßfp-tSbpw k{º-
- - - ]m≠n°v ]Xn- ∂ mep A£- c - I mew F∂
Zm-bßfnepw {]tbm-Kco-Xn-bn-epap≈ hyXn-bm-ß-
- - - - hyXymkw am{Xw. ]Xn- ∂ mep A£- c - I m- e -
fs{X Cu h¿Ko-IcWØns‚ ASn-ÿm-w. ]s£
- - - Øn¬Øs∂ Nn´- s ∏- S p- Ø nb AS- ¥ tafsØ
km[m-c-W-°m-c-mb Hcmkzm-Z-Iv tNmZn-°m-p- Akp-c-hm-Zy-sa∂v Bcpw hnti-jn-∏n-®p-Im-Wp-∂n-
≈Xv ]e tNmZy-ßfmWv. ]m≠n-tafw Iq´n-s∏-cp-
- √. ]ns∂-ßns ]m≠n-tafw Akp-c-kz-`m-h-ap-≈-
°n-s°m-≠m-cw-`n-°p-tºmƒ, ]©m-cn-tafw ]Xn-™m- Xmbn KWn-°-s∏´p? Bdm-s´-gp-s∂-≈n∏v XpS-
cw-`n-°p∂p ˛ AYhm apdp-Inb {]IrXw ]m≠nsb ßnb BNm-c-ßƒ°v AI-º-Sn-bm-bn-t∏m-Ip-∂Xv
Akp-chm-Zy-am-°p∂p Fs∂mcp kqN-. F∂m¬
- ""S-∏m≠n'' F∂ ]m≠n-ta-f-Øns‚ Hcp hI-t`-Z-
{[pX-Xc {]tbmKw ]©m-cn-ta-fØnpw Ay-a√.
- - am-Wv. Hckp-c-hm-Zy-amWv ]m≠n-tafw F¶n¬
""Ipºn-´p≈'' L-ta-dnb A©mw Ime-Ønse Xodp- CØcw BNm-c-ßƒ°v Fßns AXp D]-tbm-
I-emiw ]ns∂-sb-¥mWv? Xs∂-bpa√ ]©m-cn- Kn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p?. Ah-≤ hmtZym-]-I-c-W-ß-fn¬
bnse apdp-°n-s°m-´¬ C∂p bphm-°fpsS lc-ambn
- hnin-jvS-sa∂v sN≠sb hnti-jn-∏n-°m-dp-s≠-
amdn-s°m-≠n-cn-°pIbs√? ¶nepw, sN≠-X-s∂ Hcp Akp-c-hm-tZym-]-I-c-W-
]©m-cn-tafw km[m-c-W-bmbn Hcp ssIøpw am-sW∂v ]d-bp-∂-hcpw C√m-Xn-√. IY-I-fn-bn¬
Hcp tImepw sIm≠mWv sIm´p-∂-Xv. ""tXm¬∏- kv{Xo IYm-]m-{X-ßƒ°v sN≠- hm-bn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-
‰p≈'' CSw-ssI-tø-Ip∂ i_vZam-[pcyw ]©m-cn°v
- ∂Xv CXn-smcp DZm-l-c-W-ambn Nq≠n-°m-Wn-

77


°m-dp-≠v. F∂m¬ IY-I-fn-bn¬Øs∂ Ah-Xm- ®n-cp∂ kpIp-amc Ie-Isf Akp-c-kz-`m-h-ap-≈-
cw, Ai-cocn apXemb hninjvS kµ¿`-ßƒ°v sX∂v Bcpw ]d-™p-tI-ń-ń-√. ]ns∂-¥np al-
sN≠-bpsS hew-X-e-am-‰p-Iq-´p-∂p NS-ßp-I-fnse Ømb ΩpsS Cu taf-k-º-Øns C√mØ Hcp
tkm]m-Øv D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂n√ F¶nepw Ie-iw, tZhm-kp-c-Xz-Øns‚ t]cn¬ th¿Xn-cn-°Ww?.
{io`q-X-_en apX-emb thf-I-fn¬ hmZy-ß-fn¬ Bkp- c - { ]- I r- X - Ø ns‚ t]cn- e - s √- ¶ nepw
{][mn sN≠-X-s∂. C°mcyw ChnsS {]kvXm- Nº, AS-¥, A©-S-¥, {[phw apX-emb A]q¿∆-
hn-®Xv sN≠-Xs∂ Hcp Akp-c-hm-Zy-a-s√-∂n-cn- ta-f-ßfpw, BNm-c-]-c-amb hne-°p-I-fpsS t]cn¬
s°, sN≠ {]mamWyw hln-°p∂ taf-ßƒ°n-S- Nne t£{X- ß - f n¬ sIm´m- d n- √ . {][m taf-
bnse th¿Xn-cn-hnv ne-n¬∏n√ F∂v ka¿∞n- Ønptijw sNº-S°p ]Icw AS-¥-bn¬ hI-
°p-hm-m-Wv. sIm-ń-b-Xnv Hcp taf-{]-am-Wn°v t£{X-Øn¬
Nn¥-Iƒ Hcp aq∂v ]Xn-‰m≠v ]pd-tIm´p ]ng-b-S-t°-≠n-h∂ Hcp kw`hw Hm¿Ω-h-cp-∂p.
t]mIp-∂p. Hcp alm-t£-{X-Øns‚ D’-hm-tLm- Adn- h p≈ Iem- I m- c - ∑ m- c psS Zu¿e`yw aqew
j-amWv kµ¿`w. {]K-¤-cmb c≠p Iem-Im-c-∑m- A]q¿∆-ta-f-ßƒ mam-h-ti-j-am-bn-s°m-≠n-cn-
cpsS Xmb-º-I. t£{Xm-¶-WØn¬ ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ s°, CØ- c - Ø n- e p≈ {]hr- Ø n- I ƒ IqSp- X ¬
S-Øp-hm-p≈ hn]p-e-amb k÷o-I-c-W-ßƒ tZmjw am{Xta sNøp-I-bp-≈q.
D≠v. F∂n-cp-∂mepw Xmb-ºI S-°p-∂Xv aXn-
ap- ° n- ∂ m- h iyw Iem- c q- ] - ß - f psS ne-
enp ]pd-Øm-Wv. Imc-W-sa-s¥-∂t√? B t£{X-
n¬∏m-Wv. hcpw Xe-ap-d-bn-te-°p≈ Ah-bpsS
Øns‚ BNm-capk-cn®v Xmb-ºI Hcp Akp-c-
kpc-£n-Xamb ssIam-‰am-Wv. Bkzm-ZIcn-s√-¶n¬
- - - -
hm-Zy-as{X! AXn-m¬ Xmb-º-IbpsS ÿmw
Ie°v ne-n¬∏n√. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂, {]Nm-
aXn¬°p-]p-dØv! ]s£ a‰p ]e t£{X-ß-fnepw
c-ap≈ ]©mcn, ]m≠n taf-ßƒ°pw, ]©-hm-Zy-
Fgp-s∂-≈n∏p ka-bØv Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂ hmZy-
Ønpw, Xmb-º°pw ]pdta A]q¿∆-ta-f-ßfpw
cq-]-amWv Xmb-ºI F∂Xv ChnsS hnkva-cn-°-
t£{X- ß fn¬ sIm´Ww; Bfp- I ƒ Ah
s∏-Sp-∂p. ]n∂oSv Iem-t{]-an-I-fpsS DZy-a-Øm¬
sImńt°ƒ°- W w. bmYm- ÿ n- X nI Nn¥-
Xmb-ºI Cu t£{X-Øn¬ aXn¬°-IØv Xs∂
Iƒ°mWv ChnsS hne°p I¬∏n-t°-≠-Xv, taf-
sImń-Øp-Sßn ˛ amXr-Im-]-c-amb Hcp ]cn-{i-aw.
cq- ] - ß ƒ°- √ . c≠p- t cw Fgp- ∂ - ≈ n- ∏ p- ≈ ,
Xmb-ºI Hcp Akp-c-hm-Zy-sa-¶n¬ hmtZym-]-I-c-
At©m, Gtgm, ]tØm Znhkw o≠p-n¬°p∂
W-ß-fn¬ {_m“Wyw Iev]n-°-s∏-ń-´p-≈, D]--
D’-h-ß-fn¬ GXmpw kµ¿`-ß-sf-¶nepw Cu
b-m-Zn-Iƒ S-Ø-s∏-´p-t]m-cp∂ angm-hn¬ Xmb-
ºI sIm´m≥ km≤y-X-bn-√. Akp-c-`m-h-Øns‚ A]q¿∆-ta-f-ßƒ°mbv o°n hbv°p-hm≥ Iem-
n¿h-Nw Chn-sSbpw Xncp-Ø-s∏-Sp-∂p. Ie-Iƒ t{]-an-Iƒ ap≥ssI-sø-Sp-°-Ww. F¶n¬ am{Xta
k¿∆-hym-]vX-ß-fm-Wv. ]pcmW IY-I-fn¬ tZh-k- taf-ßƒ°v ne-n¬∏p-≈q.
Z- nepw, Akp-c-k-Z- nepw Iem-cq-]-ßƒ Ah-X- ""taf-ta-Xm-bmepw, ta∑-bp-≠m-bm¬ aXn''
cn-∏n-°m-dp-≠v. Akpc kZ- p-I-fn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n- F∂-Xm-Is´ ΩpsS ap{Zm-hm-Iyw.

sI.-hn. apc-fo-tam-l≥ :˛ Xriq¿ Pn√-bnse Ccn-ßm-e-°pS kztZ-in. tP¿W-en-k-Ønepw IΩyq-
Wn-t°-j-nepw _ncp-Zm--¥c _ncp-Z-ßƒ. sslZ-c-_m-Znse {]i-kvX-amb Hcp k¿∆-I-em-im-e-bn¬
Db¿∂ DtZym-Kw. Iem-˛-kmw-kv°m-cnI cwK-ß-fn¬ kPoh {]h¿Ø-w. amXr-`q-an, FIvkv{]-kv, lnµp-
ÿm≥ ssSwkv, Zn lnµp, C¥y≥ FIvkv{]-kv, yqkv ssSw XpS-ßnb Bp-Im-en-I-ß-fn¬ 150-˛-tesd
teJ-ßƒ. sXepKp k¿∆-Iem-im-ebpsS Kth-jW {]kn-≤o-IcWØn¬ teJ-w. tP¿W-en-kØn¬
- - - - - - -
Ipe-]Xn kph¿W-ap-{Z, Sn.-sI.-Fw. dmhp Ahm¿Uv XpS-ßnb ]pc-kv°m-c-ßƒ.

78


XmacwIpfßc taf{Xbw
v IrjvW-mYv hn. v
365 Znhkw `‡sc ImØpc£n°p∂ Ipfßcbv°v kz¥sa∂v AhImis∏Smhp∂
`Khm≥ XmacwIpfßc {io [¿ΩimkvXmhns “ taf{Xbw ” F∂ ]Zw D¤hn®Xv! 1996
h¿jØn¬ Hcn°¬ Fgp∂≈n°ptºmƒ AXv (sIm√h¿jw 1172)se aIchnf°v Znhkw
cmPIob s{]uVntbmsS cmPKcnbn¬ ]pdØndßnb amXr`qan Zn]{XØnemWv
tZimY≥ {io ]q¿W{Xbois‚ Ap{Kl BZyambn XmacwIpfßc taf{Xbw F∂ ]Zw
Øm¬ Hcp cmPIpamcs t]mse BhWw F∂ {]kn≤oIcn®Xv. B h¿jamWv ]I¬∏qcØnv
hnbs‚ `mjbmWv XmacIpfßc aIchnf AIºSnbmbn ]©hmZyhpw Bcw`n®Xv. cmhnse
°np ]pXnsbmcp ]cnthjw ¬InbXv. B S°p∂ iothen°p AIºSnbmIp∂ ]©mcn
{`m¥pw taf{`m¥pw Dƒs∏sS D’h{`m¥v aqØ tafw, D® Xncn™v S°p∂ ]I¬∏qcØns‚
Hcp ]‰w {]h¿ØIcpsS
D’mlw IqSnbmbt∏mƒ
B{Klßƒ Hmtcm∂mbn
XmacwIpfßcbn¬ Ac
tßdn. D‰ptm°mpw amXr
Ibm°mpw DØaamb hr›n
tIm’hw D≈t∏mƒ FhnsS
n∂pw XpSßWw F∂Xn¬
Aø∏ tkhm kanXn°v
sX√pw kwiban√mbncp∂p.
BZyw ]©hmZyw Bcw`n®p.
]©mcntafØnpw ]m≠n
tafØnpw {]K¤¿ AWn
nc∂p. XpS¿∂v Bt{]an
IfpsS lcamb awKemwIp∂v
KW]Xn F∂ KPtIkcnsb
aIchnf°pmƒ Fgp∂≈n®p. {io ]q¿W{Xboi ]©hmZyw, cm{Xn S°p∂ hnf°nv sImgp-t∏-
s‚bpw {io [¿ΩimkvXmhns‚bpw Ap{Kl Ip∂ ]m≠ntafw F∂o hmZytafßsfbmWv
Øm¬ IÆnpw ImXnpw Ipfn¿ΩbmIp∂ Hcp taf{Xbw F∂v {]Xn]mZn°p∂Xv. ]e
D’h]mcºcyØnv XmacwIpfßcbn¬ t£{Xßfnepw Cu aq∂v hmZytafßfpw Htc
mµnbmbn. Znhkw Xs∂ AhXcn∏n°s∏Smdps≠¶nepw
FßnsbmWv ]pXnb am‰ßƒ `‡ Ch aq∂pw AXns‚Xmb imkv{XobXtbmsS
Pßfnte°v FØn°p∂Xv F∂v Nn¥n® AhXcn∏n°s]Sp∂p F∂XmWv XmacwIpfßc
t∏mgmWv Zn]{Xßfn¬ hniZamb coXnbn¬ taf{XbØns‚ khntijX.
hm¿ØIƒ {]kn≤oIcn°phm≥ kanXn taf{XbamWv XmacwIpfßc aIchnf°nv
Xocpamn®Xv . CXns‚ ^eambmWv Xmacw AXns‚Xmb s{]uVnbpw `wKnbpw ssIhcn°p

79


hm≥ klmbIamb {][m
LSIw. aIchnf°v Znhkw
t£{XØn¬ hmZytafßf√msX
a‰v Iem]cn]mSnIƒ AhXcn∏n
°s]SpI t∂ hncfamWv.
{io ]q¿W{Xbois‚ hr›n
tIm’hØnv tijw Xr∏qWn
Øpdbn¬ imkv{Xobamb IW
°pItfmsS AhXcn∏n°s]Sp∂
]©mcn tafamWv taf{XbØns‚
BZy Cw. XmacwIpfßc t£
{XØn¬ sImSntbdn D’hw
Bcw`n®Xv apX¬ cmhnse
iothen°v ]©mcnbmWv ]Xnhv.
{io kZw ZnhmIcamcmcpsS {]amWØn¬ Htc ÿeØv h®v AhXcn∏n°p∂p F∂
S∂ncp∂ tafØnv ]mgq¿ ZmtamZcamcm¿, khntijX XmacwIpfßcbnep≠v . shbn¬
]p∂bv°¬ _meIrjvWamcm¿, amfntb°¬ A[nIw G¬°msX apgph≥ tafIemImc
tKmhnµamcm¿, tXtcmgn¬ cmaIpdp∏v XpSßnb ∑m¿°pw nesIm≈mmhp∂Xpw tafØns‚
{]K¤¿ ]s¶Sp°mdp≠mbncp∂p. taf{Xbambn sImgp∏v h¿≤n∏n°p∂p. A©mwImeØns‚
Bcw`n®Xnp tijamWv imkv{Xob coXnbn¬ Ipgadn™ Iemiw BIptºmgtØ°pw BkzmZ
aqt∂ap°m¬ aWn°qtdmfw o≠pn¬°p∂ I¿ aXn ad∂v tafIemImc∑m¿°v ]pjv]hrjvSn
XcØn¬ ]©mcntafw AhXcn∏n°p∂Xv . SØp∂Xpw ChnSpsØ {]tXyIXbmWv.
cmhnse 9 aWntbmsS Bcw`n°p∂ iothen°v tIcfØnse H∂mwInS KPhoc∑m¿
`Khms‚ XnSºv Gdptºmƒ taf{]amWw `Khms‚ XnStº‰p∂Xv BkzmZI¿°v taf
hln°p∂ {io kZw ZnhmIcamcm¿ Imew Øns‚ {ihW kpJtØmsSm∏w bkpJhpw
ncØpIbmbn. Xrt∏°pfw A®pXamcm¿, ¬Ip∂p. Ign™ h¿jw ]XnImew Ipg
N°wIpfw A∏pamcm¿ XpSßnb almcY∑m¿ ]e adn™t∏mƒ c≠v IrjvW]cp¥pIƒ t£{X
h¿jßfn¬ ]©mcntafØnv {]amWw Øns‚ hmhoYnbn¬ h´an´v ]d∂Xv `‡n
hln®n´p≠v. 120 Hmfw IemImc∑m¿ ]s¶Sp°p∂ tbmsS Hm¿°p∂p. AXv `Khms‚ kwXr]vXn
tafØn¬ s]cphw kXoipw ]gphn¬ Adnbn®p sIm≠p≈ hnfw_camsW∂Xn¬
cLphpamWv Ipd®p Imeßfmbn ZnhmIc sX√pw kwiban√!
amcm¿°v hew CSambn n∂v tafsØ
tafw Bcw`n°p∂ kabØv Hcp taf
]cnt]mjn∏n°p∂Xv. s]cphw Ip´≥ amcm¿,
IemImcs BZcn°p∂Xpw F√m hmZyßfp
sNdpt»cn Ip´≥ XpSßnb bphXeapdbnse
sSbpw {]amWnam¿°v HmW]pSh ¬Ip∂Xpw
Xnfßp∂ a‰p Xmcßfpw XmacwIpfßc ChnSpsØ Hcp NSßmWv. hmZytafßfneqsS
]©mcntafØn¬ ]s¶SpØn´p≠v. tafØnv XmacwIpfßcbpsS {]ikvXn hmtmf
]pIgvs]‰ A∏p{XbØnse c≠mw Xeapdbnse apb¿Ønb, XnI™ A¿∏Wt_m[tØmsS
AwKßƒ Hcpan®v ChnSsØ thZnbn¬ hmZytafßsf kº∂am°nb IemImc∑msc
kwKan®Xv `Khms‚ n›bamhmw! BZcnt°≠Xv Hcp DØchmZnXambmWv kanXn
]©mcntafØns‚ BZy aq∂v Imeßfpw I≠Xv. 1997¬ jjvSy_vZ]q¿Øn BtLmjn®

80


hntijthfbn¬ taf{]amWn {io kZw ∂Xv. ]©hmZyØnv B[nImcnIamb Xriq¿
ZnhmIcamcm¿°v kz¿Æ]X°w ¬InbmWv, ]qcØnse XncphºmSn˛]mdta°mhv hn`mKß
Xr∏qWnØpd Kcnbn¬ BZyambn hmZy fnse {]amWnam¿ XmacwIpfßcbn¬ H∂n
tafIemImc∑msc BZcn°p∂ NSßnv °p∂p F∂Xv A`nam]q¿∆w kanXn ImWp∂p.
XmacwIpfßc thZnbmbXv . bi:icocmb ]XnImew apX¬ CSImew hsc Htc ÿeØv
]WvUnXcXvw Pn. hnizmYi¿Ωsb D]lmcw n∂v AhXcn∏n°p∂p F∂XmWv Xmacw
kΩmn°p∂ ZuXyw BZc]q¿∆w G¬∏n®p Ipfßc ]©hmZyØns‚ {]tXyIX. ChnsS
sIm≠v Aø∏ tkhm kanXn XßfpsS DØc ]©hmZyw Bcw`n®v Npcpßnb h¿jßƒ
hmZnXw ndth‰n XpSßn. XpS¿∂p≈ h¿j °p≈n¬ Xs∂ tIcfØnse ]©hmZy
ßfn¬ apt≠-ºn≈n _me-Ir-jvWam-cm¿, ]∏pÆn
- t{]anIfpsS a n¬ Ipdn®nSs∏´ Znhkambn
]Wn-°¿, Ip∂Øv ]ctaizc≥ mb¿, aWnb aIcw 1. XmacwIpfßc ]©hmZyw F∂dnbs∏´p
ºdºn¬ Ip©pmb¿, Xrt∏Ipfw A®ypXamcm¿, XpSßnbtXmsS mSns‚ mmZn°pIfn¬
s]cphw kXoi≥ amcm¿, tN¿∏v aWn, a®mSv n∂pw nch[n ]©hmZyt{]anIƒ aIchnf°p
aWnIWv T ≥, Iogq´v µ≥, Xr∏qWnØpd mƒ XmacwIpfßcbn¬ kwKan®p XpSßn.
cRvPnXv. _n. amcm¿ F∂o tafIemImc∑msc cm{Xn ]ØctbmsS Bcw`n°p∂ hnf°n
XmacwIpfßc Aø∏ tkhm kanXn “ {io mWv ]m≠ntafw ActßdpI. ]m≠ntafØnv
[¿ΩimkvXm” ]pckv°mcw ¬In BZcn®n´p≠v. apt∂mSnbmbn tIfn, sImºv]‰v, Ipg¬]‰v F∂nh
D® Xncn™v aq∂caWntbmsSbmWv hnf°mNmcØns‚ `mKambn S°p∂p. XpS¿∂v
]I¬∏qcw Fgp∂≈n∏v Bcw`n°p∂Xv. mep sNºStafØns‚ AIºSntbmsS t£{XShgn
aWntbmsS t£{XØns‚ ap≥hiØv {]tXyIw bneqsS Fgp∂≈p∂ `Khmv I¿∏qcZo]
Xømdm°nb ]¥enemWv ]©hmZyw Actß Imgv ® bpw ]pjv ] hrjv S nbpw SØn `‡¿
dpI. bixicocmb tNm‰mn°c mcmbW Bfln¿hrXn tSp∂p.
amcmcpsSbpw {io sN¿∏p≈t»cn inhs‚bpw t£{XaXn¬s°ńIØv {]thin®v
tXrXzØnemWv 1996¬ ]©hmZyw Bcw`n®Xv. B¬Ødbv°cpIn¬ h®mWv s]cphw
mcmbWamcmcpsS Imetijw {io tNm‰mn°c kXois‚ {]amWØn¬ ]m≠ntafw sImń
hnPbmWv ]©hmZyØnv {]amWw hln°p Iemin°p∂Xv. shfpØ ]´vIpSItfm, shfpØ
XgItfm NqSnb KPhoc∑m¿,
sh¥shfns®ÆbpsS hmk
bn¬ IØnsbcnbp∂ ap∏¥
aS°ap≈ ]¥ßƒ F∂nh Hcp
{]tXyIm¥co£w Xs∂ aIc
XWp∏n¬ krjvSn°p∂p. sImep
º¬, ss`chncmKØnep≈ Ipdpw
Ipg¬ hmZtØmsSbp≈ ]Xn
Imew, BthiØns‚ D®ÿmbn
seØp∂ apńt∑tedp∂ Imew
F√mw Xs∂ BkzmZI a n¬
ÿmw ]nSn°p∂p.
Cc´tImep]tbmKn®p≈
tafßfn¬ {]YaÿmØv

81


BkzmZIcpsS AIagn™
t{]m’mlhpw hmZytafIem
Imc∑mcpsS XnI™ Bﬂm¿
∞XtbmsSbp≈ A¿∏W
t_m[hpw k¿t∆m]cn `Khm≥
{io ]q¿W{Xbois‚bpw Xmacw
Ipfßc {io [¿Ωimkv X mhn
s‚bpw Ap{Klm»n pIfmWv
XmacwIpfßc taf{XbsØ
tIcfØnIØpw ]pdØpw
{]ikvXam°n am‰p∂Xv!!! F√m
IemImc∑mtcbpw, BkzmZ
Itcbpw, AhcpsS IpSpw_mwKß
tfbpw F√mhn[ BbpcmtcmKy
n¬°p∂ ]m≠ntafsØ Bkpcsa∂v skuJyßfpw ¬In {io ]q¿Æ{Xboipw {io
{]Xn]mZn®v t£{XØnIØv AhXcn∏n°p∂ [¿ΩimkvXmhpw Ap{Kln°s´ F∂v Bﬂm¿
]Xnhn√. B¬Ød km[mcW t£{X{]mIm ∞ambn {]m¿∞n°p∂p. hcpw h¿jßfnepw
cßƒ°v ]pdØmsW∂Xv sIm≠v Xmacw taf{Xbw ta¬°pta¬ {]ikvXn B¿÷n°pw
Ipfßcbn¬ B¬Ødbv°cpInemWv ]m≠n F∂v {]Xo£n°p∂p.
tafw S°pI. ]m≠ntafw Iemin°p ∂tXmsS
kzmantb icWaø∏!!!
ASpØ h¿jsØ Hcp°ßƒ Bcw`n®v sIm≠v
XmacwIpfßc {io [¿ΩimkvXm icWw!!!
XmacwIpfßc taf{XbØnv ]cnkam]v X n
{io ltc ax!!!
bmhpIbmbn.

IrjvW-mYv hn. :˛ F≥Pn-o-b-dnwKv _ncp-Z-[m-cn. Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc Aø∏ tkhm kan-Xn-bpsS
kPoh {]h¿Ø-I≥. aI-c-hn-f-°m-tLm-j-I-Ωn‰n I¨ho-¿.

mVecf MjCX
D’h Znhkßfn¬ ùMrakebfnfvgúf¬
svÖxbfäTgkW ceùlceCx släfãfTgÿlx.
FlfvebMõceã svÖx Y©pv~WTx bBfheëeãf
Dqh¥fTebgÿleCx.

82


Cu h¿jsØ {io [¿ΩimkvXm ]pckvImcw
{io. t]mdmØv amcmØv N{µ-ti-J-c-am-cm¿°v
t]m-ImsX, Ime-ß-fpsS G‰n-®p-cp-°-ep-Iƒ `wKn-
bm-°p-hm≥ sIm®-n-b≥ amcm¿°p≈ Ignhv {]iw-
k-o-bam-Wv. ]mc-ºcy-am-bn-´mWv At±-lØnv B
- - -
Ignhv kn≤n-®-Xv. cmP-`-c-W-Im-eØv t]mdmØv
amcmØv henb i¶-c-am-cm¿ sIm®n alm-cm-Pm-
hn¬ n∂pw hoc-irw-Je tSnb {]K-¤-m-Wv.
t]mdmØv amcmØv Im¿Øym-bn amcm-kym-
cmcpsSbpw amt°mØvamcmØv i¶-c≥am-cm-cp-
sSbpw aI-mbn Pn® sIm®-n-b≥amcm¿, t£{X-
I- e - I ƒ A`y- k n®Xv amXp- e - mb t]mdmØv
cma≥amcm-cpsS in£-W-Øn-em-Wv. ]øq-c-°mhv
]qcw, Ipa-c-©nd ]Øm-ap-Z-bw, Imhn¬ Im¿Øn-
I, F∂n-h°v ]pd-ta Xr»n-h-t]-cq¿, Xr∏q-Wn-Øp-
d, Ccn-ßm-e-°p-S F∂n-hn-S-ß-fnse {]kn≤ D’-
h-ßƒ°pw, ]qc-Ønpw he-¥e {]am-Wn-bmbn
sIm®-n-b≥amcm-cmWv D≠m-Ip-I. Xma-cw-Ip-f-ß-
c-bnse taf-Ønv apS-ßmsX ]s¶-Sp-°p∂ {io.
sIm®-n-b≥amcm¿, Ign™ Hcp Zim-_vZ-°m-e-
ambn he-¥e {]am-Wn-bm-Wv.
i¶-c-]p-cØv amcmØv cm[amcm-kym-cmWv
kl-[¿Ωn-Wn. cm[n-I, cXo-jv, cmPohv F∂n-h¿-
a°ƒ. cXo-jpw, cmPohpw _n.tImw ]Tw-I-gn™v
taf- ° - º - ° m¿°n- S - b nepw taf- I - e m- I m- c - Ct∏mƒ t£{X-{]-hrØn-Iƒ sNøp-∂p.
∑m¿°n-S-bnepw t]mdmØv sIm®-n-b≥ F∂-dn- {]i-kvX-amb Xr»n-h-t]-cq¿ ]qc-Ønv Ime-
b-s∏-Sp∂ {io. t]mdmØv amcmØv N{µ-ti-J-c-am- ß-fmbn ]md-ta-°mhv hn`m-K-Øn-emWv sIm®-n-
cm¿°mWv Cu h¿jsØ ""{io[¿Ω-imkvXm'' b≥amcm¿ ]s¶-Sp-°p-∂Xv. 2009-˛se ]qc-Ønv ]md-
-
]pc- k v ° m- c w. Xma- c w- I p- f - ß c Aø∏mtkhm ta-°mhv tZhkzw hI kz¿Æ-∏-X-°-Ønv A¿l-
kanXn h¿jw-tXmdpw ¬In-h-cm-dp≈ Cu ]pc- m-bXv {io. sIm®-n-b≥am-cm-cm-Wv.
kv°mcw hmZy-ta-f-I-em-Im-c-∑m-tcm-Sp≈ kan-Xn-
bpsS µnbpw Ah¿°p≈ t{]m’m- l - hpw {io. N{µ-ti-J-c-am-cm¿°pw At±-l-Øns‚
BWv. IpSpw-_mw-K-ßƒ°pw F√m-hn[ Bbp-cm-tcmKy
kuJy-ßfpw D≠m-I-s´-sb∂v {io]q¿Æ-{X-bo-i-
nc-h[n taf-ßfnepw Xmb-º-I-fnepw he-
tmSpw Xma- c w- I p- f - ß c {io[¿Ω- i m- k v X m- h n-
¥e {]am- W n- b mbn sIm®- n- b ≥amcm¿ Xs‚
tmSpw Bﬂm¿∞-ambn {]m¿∞n-®p-sIm-≈p-∂p.
Ignhv sXfn-bn-®n-´p-≠v. taf-Øns‚ BZy-h-kmw
D’m-l-tØm-sS, he-¥-e-bn¬ Xmfw tNm¿∂p- kzmantb ic-W-a-ø∏m!!!

83

Makarajyothi 2010.

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