The document summarizes key differences between SARS, MERS, and COVID-19. SARS emerged in 2002-2003 with 8,098 cases and 774 deaths. MERS first appeared in 2012 and has caused 2,519 cases and 866 deaths. COVID-19 was identified in late 2019 and has led to over 170 million cases and 3.5 million deaths globally as of mid-2021. The pathogens are coronaviruses and all cause respiratory illness, though COVID-19 has a much lower fatality rate than MERS. No vaccines currently exist for SARS or MERS, while several are available for COVID-19.

1. DIFFERENCES
BETWEEN SARS, MERS
AND COVID-19
PRESENTED BY:-
NAVIN KUMAR
MS PHARM

2. SARS
• Severe acute respiratory syndrome, or SARS, was a contagious and potentially fatal respiratory illness.
An outbreak occurred from 2002 to 2003, but the disease is no longer circulating.
• SARS was the result of infection by a coronavirus that scientists named SARS-associated coronavirus
(SARS-CoV). SARS-CoV is related to SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19 infection.
• While COVID-19 is currently affecting people around the world, no reports of new cases Trusted
Source of SARS have surfaced since 2004.
• The respiratory illness known as SARS first appeared in China in November 2002, and scientists
identified it in February 2003.
• SARS spread to over 24 countries before health authorities managed to contain it. Nevertheless,
between November 2002 to July 2003, there were 8,098Trusted Source cases worldwide and 774
deaths.
• In the United States, there were eight laboratory-confirmed cases and no fatalities. All eight people who
the illness affected had traveled to areas where SARS was prevalent.

3. SARS summary:
•Pathogen: SARS-CoV
•Total number of cases: 8,439Trusted Source, 21% of which developed in healthcare workers
•Number of cases in the United States: 73Trusted Source
•Total number of deaths: 812Trusted Source
•Case fatality rate: 9.6%Trusted Source
•Mode of transmission: Droplets produced by coughing, sneezing, talking, or breathing
•Mean incubation period: 5 daysTrusted Source
•Key symptoms: A cough (dry at first), a fever, and diarrheaTrusted Source in the first or second week of illness, or
both
•At risk groups: People with underlying medical conditionsTrusted Source
•Treatment: No specific treatment
•Vaccine: No vaccine

4. MERS
• MERS is caused by the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Most people who develop the
syndrome have severe respiratory symptoms.
• MERS-CoV is a coronavirus. Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that cause respiratory illnesses, including
the common cold. These viruses are zoonotic, meaning that they commonly infect animals and can transfer to
humans.
• MERS-CoV is one of threeTrusted Source new coronaviruses that cause severe illness in humans. The other two
are: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV): This virus causes severe acute respiratory
syndrome SARS). It emerged in November 2002 and disappeared in 2004.
• Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): This virus causes COVID-19. It emerged in
China in December 2019, and health authorities declared a global pandemic on March 11, 2020.
• Since it was first identified in 2012, MERS-CoV has continued to cause sporadic, localized outbreaks.
• Globally, authorities have reported 2,519Trusted Source cases of MERS and 866 deaths, indicating that about 1 in
3 people with the condition, or 35%Trusted Source, die from it.
• The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)Trusted Source are continuing to monitor the prevalence of
MERS throughout the world.

5. MERS summary:
•Pathogen: MERS-CoV
•Total number of cases: 2,519
•Number of cases in the U.S.: 2Trusted Source
•Total number of deaths: 866
•Case fatality rate: 34.3%
•Mode of transmission: Droplets from person to person, unclear from camels to humans
•Key symptoms: A feverTrusted Source, a cough, shortness of breath
•At risk groups: Men above the age of 60, particularly those with underlying medical conditions such as diabetes,
high blood pressure, and kidney failure
•Treatment: No specific treatment
•Vaccine: No vaccine

6. COVID-19
• Like MERS-CoV, researchers believe that SARS-CoV-2 originated in bats. Scientists are currentlyTrusted
Source working to determine how it transferred to humans.
• SARS-CoV-2 emerged from Wuhan, China in December 2019, and the WHO declared a global pandemic on March
11, 2020.
• Research indicates that COVID-19 has a similar clinical presentation to MERS but that the death rate is much lower —
COVID-19 has a fatality rate of 2.3%, while MERS has a rate of 35%.
• The coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is the pathogen that causes COVID-19. The virus has a close resemblance to SARS-
CoV.
• The first cases of COVID-19 were reported in Wuhan, China, in December 2019.
• On January 5, 2020, the WHOTrusted Source published the first news of an outbreak of unknown cause. By the end
of January, the organization had declared COVID-19 to be a public health emergency of international concern.
• The name COVID-19 was officially coinedTrusted Source, by the WHO, on February 11. Exactly 1 month laterTrusted
Source, the organization declared a pandemic.
• To date, cases of COVID-19 have been reported on every continent except Antarctica. Governments across the world
have responded with varying degrees of social distancing measures in a bid to curb the spread of the virus.
• As the numbers of infections and deaths from COVID-19 continue to rise, researchers are working to identify suitable
treatments and vaccines to curb the pandemic.

7. IFR estimate per age group[293]
Age group IFR
0–34 0.004%
35–44 0.068%
45–54 0.23%
55–64 0.75%
65–74 2.5%
75–84 8.5%
85 + 28.3%
COVID-19 summary, as of JUNE 11 2021:
•Pathogen: SARS-CoV-2
•Total number of cases: 17.5CR
•Number of cases in the INDIA: 2.92CR
•Total number of deaths: 3,77,362
•Case fatality rate:-

8. Symptoms:-Fever, cough, fatigue, shortness of breath, vomiting, loss of taste or smell; some cases asymptomatic.
Complications:-Pneumonia, viral sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, kidney failure, cytokine release syndrome,
respiratory failure, pulmonary fibrosis, pediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome, chronic COVID syndrome
Usual onset:-2–14 days (typically 5) from infection
Duration:-5 days to 10+ months known
Causes:-Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
Diagnostic method;-rRT-PCR testing, CT scan, Rapid antigen test
Prevention:-Face coverings, quarantine, physical/social distancing, ventilation, hand washing,vaccination
Treatment:-Symptomatic and supportive
Vaccine available:-Covaxin, Covishield, Sputnik V, Pfizer-Biontech, Johnson & Johnson and etc..