Madagascar's Reality.
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Madagascar is an island country located off the southeast coast of Africa with a population of over 20 million people and a density of 33 people per square kilometer. The average life expectancy is dramatically lower than in the US, at around 18 years of age, due to diseases like malaria and respiratory infections. Diseases spread easily in Madagascar due to poor sanitation and malnutrition, with malaria, respiratory infections, typhoid, and bubonic plague posing major health risks. Food and water-borne illnesses are also common problems for the local population to acquire due to the lack of access to approved, safe foods and beverages.
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and nursing homes negligency towards : cleanliness of patient rooms; track and limit the use of
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More than 30,000 mortality rate per year has been repoted in hospital records at the United
States.
2.
Giardia lamblia is a microscopic parasite that causes the diarrheal illness known as giardiasis. It
is common on contaminated surfaces or in soil, food, or water that has been exposed fecal
contamination from infected humans or animals.
The prevention include:
•Drinking of well treated boiled water or filtered through <1 micrometer pore size filter paper, so
as to exclude trophozoites and cysts.
•Avoid using direct tap water for brushing teeth or making ice as it may be contaminated.
•Avoid eating unpeeled fruits and vegetables as they are grown in conditions in which
contamination with Giardia might occur.
•Cook your food properly before consuming.
•Washing hands properly before cooking, eating food, after using wash roooms or playing with
pets.
3.The part of the world with poor sanitation the Giardia species are endemic.The travelers to
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2. How may Giardia lamblia infections be prevented?
3. What is the prevalence of Giardia lamblia parasite in a population (i.e. travelers to particular
area)?
4. How did patient in resource article (Bailey Quishenberry’s story) contract C. Difficile? (see
first link)
resources:
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infections/57079514/1 Bailey Quishenberry’s C. Diff Journey
http://www.usatoday.com/news/health/story/2012-08-16/cincinnati-hospital-clostridium-
difficile/57079520/1 Hospital Successfully Battles C. Diff
http://www.usatoday.com/yourlife/health/medical/2010-12-14-Last-ditch-method-at-fighting-
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1. The investigation carried out by the A USA TODAY showed that the infecton due to
Clostridium difficile is far more prevalent than suggested by federal reports.Mostly hospitals
and nursing homes negligency towards : cleanliness of patient rooms; track and limit the use of
antibiotics allows C. difficle to ennumerate in sick patients. The patients with surgery or admited
for a long period or patients under prolonged medication in hospitals or nursing homes are
commonly infected by the bacteria.
More than 30,000 mortality rate per year has been repoted in hospital records at the United
States.
2.
Giardia lamblia is a microscopic parasite that causes the diarrheal illness known as giardiasis. It
is common on contaminated surfaces or in soil, food, or water that has been exposed fecal
contamination from infected humans or animals.
The prevention include:
•Drinking of well treated boiled water or filtered through <1 micrometer pore size filter paper, so
as to exclude trophozoites and cysts.
•Avoid using direct tap water for brushing teeth or making ice as it may be contaminated.
•Avoid eating unpeeled fruits and vegetables as they are grown in conditions in which
contamination with Giardia might occur.
•Cook your food properly before consuming.
•Washing hands properly before cooking, eating food, after using wash roooms or playing with
pets.
3.The part of the world with poor sanitation the Giardia species are endemic.The travelers to
these places are high-risk groups for giardiasis as ingestion of as few as 10 Giardia cysts may be
sufficient to cause infection.
4.After removal of brain tumor in a hospital Bailey Quishenberry had contracted C. Difficile..
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PROTOZOA mastigophora
GIARDIA LAMBIA
TRYCHOMONAS VAGINALIS AND HOMINIS
TRYPNOSOMA CRUZI
AFRICAN SLEEPING SICKNESS
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2) Key lessons included understanding Mayan history and ruins to respect local culture, minimizing impacts on wildlife habitats, and preserving fragile coral reef ecosystems.
3) The chocolate farm experience highlighted sustainable living through locally grown food and low waste practices, inspiring the author to educate others on these topics. Responsible travel requires applying lessons to create positive change.
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Madagascar's Reality.
- 1. May 2010 Let’s Explore! Madagascar. http://www.altamiraworld.net/actions/madagascar_files/page10_1.jpg
- 3. Madagascar is located off the Southeast coast of Africa. The people of Madagascar have very limited resources. It’s about twice the size of Arizona with over triple the population reaching 20,042,552 (last known), making the density 33people/KM2. Right there! http://www.worldaware.org.uk/img/africa-worldaware.jpg
- 4. The average ages are dramatically lower than that of the US; overall most males live around 17.8 years old and females live to be about 18.2 years old. It has curved the average age scale dramatically; 43.5% of the Malagasy people are between 0 and 14 years of age. The infant death rate is twelve times greater than the US’s. Many infant deaths are the result of the mothers either suffering a disease while pregnant, malnutrition, or the poor sanitary conditions in which the baby is immediately exposed to.
- 5. Among children the largest predator for their lives is malaria. Malaria is caused by the insects that horde the land; it’s also the second largest cause of death among the adult population. For adults the largest is lower respiratory infections (forms of influenza, etc.).
- 6. The diseases spread like wildfire in Madagascar. http://www.msf.ie/userfiles/Image/children%20malaria.jpg http://www.historycooperative.org/journals/whc/3.1/images/gilbert_fig23b.jpg
- 7. Every day is a struggle for Malagasies; constantly trying to avoid the diseases that surround them. They risk diseases by eating/drinking, such diseases as Typhoid Fever or Hepatitis A. They could be exposed to Chikungunya or Bubonic Plague by being at the wrong place at the wrong time. Having contact with water can spread Schistosomiasis; a parasitic disease also known as Snail Fever. Completely safe food and water is rare in Madagascar. It’s a common problem for Malagasies to get diseases from food!
- 8. http://zahana.org/Images_web/Food_Security/Fooodsecurity2.jpg http://www.wildmadagascar.org/maps/crops.html http://www.tntmagazine.com/cfs-filesystemfile.ashx/__key/CommunityServer.Components.SiteFiles/destinationimages.Africa.Madagascar/Madagascar_5F00_FD_5F00_big.jpg http://slowfoodaustralia.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2008/11/image-madagascar-fruit-antananarivo-amalia-bautrait-trekearth.jpg
- 9. In order to stay healthy it is important to only consume the approved items. Drink canned or bottled drink with NO ice cubes, and steer clear from the street vendor’s food. Unfortunately most locals aren’t well off enough to have the luxury of approved foods. Many do not have a choice but to buy from vendor’s carts and get whatever water they can. Many tourists do have the luxury of approved items though, their focus leans more towards the other diseases.
- 10. Before going tourists get vaccinations for: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Typhoid, Rabies, along with making sure routine shots are up to date. Many visitors also take prescription antimalarial drugs to prevent contracting that also. http://archive.perfectduluthday.com/tourists.gif
- 11. Madagascar is festering with diseases that lurk around every corner, the poor conditions and contagion makes everyday life a struggle and with so many dying it is hard for them to make any progressions as a society.