M2 231-io tech-rl_2.3.1
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The document discusses different input/output techniques used in computer systems, including polling, interrupts, direct memory access (DMA), and I/O processors. It describes polling as the CPU checking device status by reading memory addresses, while interrupts allow asynchronous processing but still require CPU involvement for data transfers. DMA uses a controller to directly transfer data between devices and memory without CPU involvement, making transfers faster. I/O processors are more advanced versions of DMA controllers that can execute code to handle I/O routines.
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Try at [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
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- 1. BITS Pilani Pilani Campus Data Storage Technologies & Networks Dr. Virendra Singh Shekhawat Department of Computer Science and Information Systems
- 2. BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus Topics • I/O Techniques – Polling – Interrupt driven – DMA 2
- 3. BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus I/O Techniques • Polling: – CPU check on the status of an I/O device by reading a memory address which is associated with an I/O device – Pseudo-asynchronous • Processor inspects (multiple) devices in rotation – Cons • Processor may still be forced to do useless work or wait or both – Pros • CPU can determines how often it needs to poll 3
- 4. BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus I/O Techniques • Interrupts: – Processor initiates I/O by requesting an operation with the device. – May disconnect if response can’t be immediate, which is usually the case – When device is ready with a response it interrupts the processor. • Processor finishes I/O with the device. – Asynchronous but • Data transfer between I/O device and memory still requires processor to execute instructions. 4
- 5. BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus I/O Techniques: Interrupts 5
- 6. BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus I/O Techniques • Direct Memory Access – Processor initiates I/O – DMA controller acts as an intermediary: • interacts with the device, • transfers data to/from memory as appropriate, and • interrupts processor to signal completion. – From the processor’s perspective DMA controller is yet another device • But one that works at semiconductor speeds 6
- 7. BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus I/O Techniques • I/O Processor – More sophisticated version of DMA controller with the ability to execute code: execute I/O routines, interact with the O/S etc 7
- 8. BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus Thank You! 8